Idea Transcript
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THE ROLE OF APPARATUS QUALITY ON COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT INDEPENDENCE EFFORTS IN BEKASI CITY WEST JAVA ROVINCE INDONESIA Andi Murni Amin Situru Rinny Dewi Anggraeni (IPDN Lecturer, Indonesia) ABSTRACT Human resources quality enhancement (PNS) can be viewed from a variety of non-physical potential, namely : (1) knowledge, employees must have the basic knowledge that is wide enough so be able to carry out the mandate of his job duties; (2) intelligentsia, employees will be able to receive any orders in carrying out their duties; (3) expertise, employees are expected to possess specialized skills in performing their duties as to operate existing technologies; (4) skills, employees are able to create new innovations or new ideas in the task that he gets to be more motivated. (5) human relations, good human resources is human resources capable to organize or communicate with each other and work well together on the surrounding environment, as professionals are those who are able to communicate between individuals. Empowerment Research is one of the descriptive study. Descriptive study was not intended to test a specific hypothesis, but simply describes "what is" about something variable, symptoms or circumstances. Indeed, there are times when the results also prove the allegations but not too often done. Descriptive study was not intended to test the hypothesis. But if we mention the word research, then this will come into contact with something scientific nuances. Thus, it can be stated that the empowerment research are to generate policies that can be justified scientifically, within the limits that do not collide hardly with political will or social political environment in a country. This study discusses and examines about THE ROLE OF APPARATUS QUALITY ON COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT INDEPENDENCE EFFORTS IN BEKASI CITY WEST JAVA PROVINCE INDONESIA This research method is descriptive qualitative and source data used are primary data sources and secondary data. Data collection techniques are made by observation, documentation, and interviews. This research generally aims to obtain information on community empowerment, namely by reference to the economic empowerment evaluation on PNPM Urban in Bekasi. The evaluation result for the local government can be a basis decision, whether to terminate, continue, or improve the implementation of economic empowerment in PNPM Urban Independence Program. Operationally the objectives of program evaluation are as follows: (1) The context of economic empowerment program on PNPM Urban, which includes government policies, goals, community needs and objectives; (2) Economic empowerment program input on PNPM Urban, in the form of infrastructure work and resource managers; and (3) The process of economic empowerment program on PNPM Urban, in the form of planning, capacity building, and managing performance; and (4) Economic empowerment program Products on PNPM Urban, the economic benefits for society.
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atmosphere, comfortable and safe, including
I. Introduction Background of The Problem
facilitating the availability of development
National development is an effort to
structure and infrastructure. As a pioneer or
improve the quality of human and people of
stimulator, the government must be able to
Indonesia that carried out on an ongoing basis,
demonstrate real examples and encourage
based on national capacity, by utilizing the
people to follow the example through action
advancement of science and technology as well
indeed if these examples helpful.
1.1
as attention to the challenges of global
The government function requires the
development in the implementation of the
"public
participation"
national identity and refers to the noble
participation efforts, initiative and creativity.
universal values to embody the life of a
Definition
sovereign nation, independent, fair, prosperous,
development is a development process that
advanced and morally and ethically solid. To
involves the community through two-way
achieve these objectives we need a government
communication continuously in disseminating
that is strong and able to carry out the task of
intensive efforts to obtain a full understanding
organizing and integrating the activities of
of the community and the whole of the
people in order to achieve prosperity.
development process. In other words 'public
of
actively
'public
through
participation'
in
In the era of regional autonomy and
participation' is how people can get involved in
transparency like today, the government's role in
'social change' that allows people to get part of
the present and future in order to realize the
the
construction of welfare function as a regulator,
involvement in development is in order to
Modernisator, catalyst / facilitator, motivator,
produce the 'input and perception' that is useful
stabilizers and pioneer / stimulator, which
for policy makers in order to improve the
emphasizes
quality of decision making.
self-reliance
in
community
profits.
The
purpose
of
community
development efforts. As a regulator, the
Community development is part of an
government provides basic reference which is
effort to build community, namely the efforts
then translated by the community as an
made consciously and continuously to change
instrument to regulate social life in the corridors
the state of society toward a better and more
of the unity of Indonesia. As Modernisator
advanced capabilities through a variety of
government is obliged to bring changes in the
community development, changes in people's
direction of society renewal.
behavior (negative behavior) until the society
tried
As a catalyst / facilitator, the government
was able to organize itself (independence).
to
Community development can not be done
create
or
facilitate
the
orderly
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partially,
but
it
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must
a
government is gradually encourage self-help
comprehensive manner is the responsibility of
potential exploration through the mechanism of
various
community development at the initial stage
stakeholders,
be
done
government,
in
NGOs
(nongovernmental organizations), BUMN /
initiated
or
encouraged
by
government
BUMS and others.
initiatives by the government to the people, then
The concept of community development
the increase of government by the people for the
or community empowerment in the future more
people; and ultimately the mechanism of
emphasis on "self-reliance", because it is in the
community by community to community.
development of society is necessary for the
Partnerships
in
community
active role of the community itself. This means
development efforts intended as an effort to
participation, initiative and creativity in the
establish cooperation with various parties aimed
development of society must be more to come
at improving the competence and capacity of
from the community itself, while the central
the community, especially to support their
government serves as a regulator, Modernisator,
involvement in the development process that
catalyst / facilitator, motivator, stabilizers and
can further implications on the: (a) the
pioneer / stimulator without interfering or
maintenance of development sustainability, (b)
intervening too much that it can turn off the
the creation of harmony variety of interests and
independent development efforts.
(c) as an instrument to avoid any inaccuracies or
Public participation in the society
gaps. Therefore, the necessary understanding of
development efforts is an absolute demand that
the basic principles of "partnership" in the
the community can play a role with regard to
development
people's desire to progress and develop through
complementary, (b) mutually reinforcing, (c)
the mechanism of its involvement in the
raising each other and (d) mutually beneficial.
development
process,
such
as
of
society,
such
as:
(a)
preparing
In the Law of the Republic of Indonesia
development programs through a bottom-up
Number 20 Year 2003 on National Education
mechanism (bottom up) that treats people not
System Article 3, it is stated that: National
only as development "target" but also as
Education serves to develop the ability and
"agents" of development. This implies the need
character
for contributions, in addition to the prosecution
civilization in order to educate the nation, aims
of justice and the right to enjoy the development
to develop students' potentials to become a man
results.
of faith and piety the Lord of the Almighty, Independence describes the capabilities
noble,
and potential of self-help, in this case the
development
healthy,
and
a
knowledgeable,
dignified
capable,
creative, independent, and become a democratic
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and responsible citizens. Thus, the purpose of
Education is a tool to improve better
education is to develop the potential of learners
economic conditions. Education internally and
so that later can become Indonesian man who
externally
adhered to the noble values and have strong
community
competitiveness.
observed
influence
on
the
environment, in
the
family
which
social
and
and
can
be
economic
Shane Harold in Sudrajat, Ahmad,
improvement. Education can be formal and
2010 Posted on 23 September 2010 suggests
informal aimed to improve the knowledge,
that the success of education in Indonesia
attitudes, and income.
depends on the ability of the government and
Recognition of the benefit-cost analysis can be
people of Indonesia in improving its human
used as the basis of national considerations for a
resources. Education is one area that is quite
decision to invest in education or simply
important, to be able to respond and keep pace
looking for a comparison of the benefits among
with changes in the development effort and was
several
able to answer the demands of society.
Benefit-cost
Education in Indonesia based on the national
quantitative estimate calculation performed
educational goals set forth in Law No. 20 of
accurately in educational investment. Elchanan
2003, which is to create an educational
Cohn in Sudrajat, Ahmad (2010) Posted on 23
institution that has a great responsibility in
September 2010 stated that the benefit-cost
developing the attitudes and abilities as well as
analysis is an analysis technique to calculate the
provide basic knowledge and skills necessary to
cost (cost) issued a student or group of students
live in the community, and prepares participants
during a particular educational program by
students
estimating the benefits (benefits) acquired
who
qualify
for
education
in
accordance with the level and type.
education
programs
analysis
implemented.
Techniques
using
(return) as a result of education. Comprehensive
An understanding of the basic concepts of
study of this issue was made by Hansen in
educational policy is essential possessed by
Sudrajat,
Ahmad
(2010)
Posted
on
23
practitioners of education to equip itself to be
September 2010, by calculating the return
able to make the right policy and in accordance
(return) of various levels and types of education
with the duties and responsibilities of each.
in the US.
Because mistakes in taking such policy,
Indonesia requires human resources in
especially in the education fields that will have
sufficient quantity and quality as the main
broad impact for the community because
supporter in development. To meet the human
education essentially involves the development
resource, education has a very important role.
of the nation's future quality.
This is in accordance with Law No. 20 Year
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2003 on National Education System in Article
Therefore,
the
current
required
3. Based on research at Harvard University,
qualifications of government apparatus (civil
United
servants), particularly leaders in the public
States
(Ali
Ibrahim
Akbar
in
http://www.enotes.com/business-financeencyclopedia/professional education,
bureaucracy which morally clean and not April
disabled, and has a vision for the future that can
2011) turns a person's success is not determined
be met (Widodo, 2007). Furthermore, according
solely by the knowledge and technical abilities
to Ulrich in Tilaar (1997), that to create a
(hard skills), but is determined also by the
superior public leadership needed four main
ability to manage themselves and others (soft
agenda, namely: (1) be a strategic partner, (2) be
skills). Some research revealed that success is
an expert, (3) be a hard worker, and (4) become
determined only about 20 percent of the hard
an agent of change (agents of change).
skills and the remaining 80 percent by the soft
In an effort to meet the competency of
skills. Even the most successful people in the
civil servants, Bass (in Widodo, 2007) and then
world can be successful due to the more widely
added that can be pursued through: (1)
supported capabilities of soft skills than hard
improving employee awareness of the value and
skills. This suggests that the quality of
importance of the task and work, (2) directs
education by emphasizing the character and
employees to focus on the groups and
talent of the students is very important to be
organizations objectives, rather than
improved.
personal interests, and (3) develop employee
These
days
there
are
shift
of
the
potential optimally.
governance paradigm from "government rule"
This is consistent with efforts to improve
to "good governance" or "from government to
the competence of civil servants, especially the
governance", from centralized to decentralized,
structural officials, in accordance with Law No.
it needs to be addressed and balanced with the
43 of 1999 (Act 43/199) on Amendments to the
Civil Servants who have sufficient competence
Law 8/1974 on the Principles of Personnel, in
and in accordance with the demands of the task.
Article
The existence of civil servants in the reform era
appointment of civil servants in a position
and the implementation of regional autonomy
implemented
have a very strategic position, as smoothly or
professionalism in accordance with competence,
not, good or bad governance and public
work performance, and rank the level specified
services, is dependent upon the competencies
for the job and other objective conditions
that are owned and controlled by civil servants.
regardless of gender, ethnicity, religion, race, or class.
16
17,
paragraph 2,
based
on
which set
the
principle
the
of
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In addition, to determine Position
human
resources
and
management
Competency Standards, have been assigned the
(management) administration of the appropriate
Head of State Personnel Board Decision No. 13
size (right sizing) in accordance with the
of 2011 dated June 28, 2011 on Guidelines for
purpose, urgency, vision and mission carried;
Preparation of Position Competency Stand
increase the capacity and capability of the
ards. These guidelines are guidelines
bureaucrats (PNS) in policy formulation, service
for each institution both central and local
delivery and community empowerment. The
government in developing job competency
increase
standards in their respective agencies. Position
competence of civil servants sought by:
Competency Standards, here in after were
1.
referred Managerial Competency Standards are the minimum requirements of managerial 2.
competence that must be possessed of a civil servant in carrying out the duties. While Managerial
Competence
the
underlying
3.
characteristics of individuals that reference to the
effective
criteria
and
/
or
superior
4.
performance in a particular occupation. Through education in synergy with
5.
talent and competence of civil servants, civil 6.
servants mindset are expected change from wanting to be served to be servants (officials) that delightful people. From relaxing, lazy and undisciplined cultural patterns, becomes a hard work,
vibrant,
disciplined
innovative,
cultural
creative
and
from
the
patterns,
7.
bureaucratic government system (management) to
the
business
/
entrepreneur
patterned
government system. In an effort to realize reform of the bureaucracy and improve the competence of civil servants reached through: the realignment of institutional / organizational, apparatus
17
in
capacity
and
capability
or
Formal Education, by assignment civil servants to follow higher education S1, S2, and S3, as well as granting permission to learn S1, S2, and S3; Education and required position training , ie Diklatpim Level IV, Diklatpim Level III, Diklatpim Diklatpim Level II and Level I; Functional Education and training for civil servants prepared for functional positions; Education and Technical Training, to meet the needs of the civil servants expertise in specific technical areas; Granting the ability through experience (tour of duty) of the civil servants; Improved system of governance (management) government affairs and community services by optimizing the use of information and communication technology. Today almost all agencies / regional organizations already have a website, so that various information / policy can be accessed by the public; Improved system of reward and punishment. Reward system by applying equal work for equal pay, or the provision of decent wages in accordance with the level of his position within the organization. The provision of penalties for the offense in accordance with Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010 on civil servants discipline;
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8.
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Repair of ethics and morality of civil servants as stipulated in Government Regulation No. 42 Year 2004 on Life Coaching Corps and the Code of Conduct for civil servants, and increase supervision (internal control, external supervision, community supervision).
personnel
at
community
empowerment
independence efforts in Bekasi West Java Province, with the goal of research is to assess the implementation of community development programs related to community self-reliance, community capacity building, as well as
The locus of this research is the City
assessing
government of Bekasi West Java Province. In
the
degree
of
community
empowerment in Bekasi.
this study, the authors focused on the quality of
Table1.Individual Welfare State Data Bekasi City Per Juni 2015
No
Districts Name
1
PONDOKGEDE
2
Grup1 (very poor)
Grup2 (Poor)
Grup3 (Vulnerable Poor)
TOTAL
15093
12561
10863
38517
JATISAMPURNA
7128
3998
3380
14506
3
PONDOKMELATI
7906
7599
7311
22816
4
JATIASIH
16604
12030
8707
37341
5
BANTARGEBANG
6506
5025
4505
16036
6
MUSTIKAJAYA
10892
9894
8169
28955
7
BEKASITIMUR
12402
9446
8407
30255
8
RAWALUMBU
11575
8384
7131
27090
9
BEKASISELATAN
8759
8752
8399
25910
10
BEKASIBARAT
15033
12753
13366
41152
11
MEDAN SATRIA
7995
7570
6745
22310
12
BEKASIUTARA
11537
12047
13802
37386
131.430
110.059
100.785
342.274
Jumlah
Source:BappedaKotaBekasi, 2015
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1. 2
In an effort to realize reform of the
Problems Identification an
bureaucracy and improve the competence of civil
independent, self-supporting and strengthening the
servants reached through: the realignment of
bargaining
institutional / organizational, apparatus human
Community
development
position
of
the
implies
community
/
communities against external forces that would be
resources
detrimental in the development process; in
administration of the appropriate size (right sizing)
addition also implies protecting, defending and
in accordance with the purpose, urgency, vision
siding with the
prevent unequal
and mission carried; increase the capacity and
competition and exploitation of the weak. The role
capability of the bureaucrats (PNS) in policy
of government as decision / policy makers in
formulation, service delivery and community
community development more as a regulator,
empowerment.
weak to
and
management
(management)
Apparatus Quality becomes very urgent
Modernisator, catalyst / facilitator, motivator,
role on community empowering independence
stabilizers and pioneer / stimulator in order:
efforts in Bekasi West Java Province, and
a. Improve the community competence and capacity in order to optimize their involvement in the development process; b. Accelerate the process of equitable development; c. Involving Public participation / community groups as real in every implementation of development; d. Increase community sense of belonging to the development products so that maintained its maintenance; e. Provide the widest opportunity for the public to develop creativity in accordance with the culture, character and potential of local communities.
therefore qualified personnel may play a role in reviewing
and
implementing
community
development programs related to community selfreliance, community capacity building, as well as the degree of community empowerment in Bekasi.
1.3 Problem Formulation As for the problems in the form of research questions are: 1.
What is the role of qualified apparatus on community empowerment independence
These days there are shift of governance
efforts in Bekasi West Java Province?
paradigm from "government rule" to "good 2.
governance" or "from government to governance",
How about the quality of the apparatus
from centralized to decentralized, it needs to be
with the professionalism principles of
addressed and balanced with the Civil Servants
competence and his work achievement in
who have sufficient competence and in accordance
increasing self-reliance on community
with the demands of the task. The existence of
empowerment in Bekasi West Java
civil servants in the reform era and the
Province?
implementation of regional autonomy have a very 1.4
strategic position, as smoothly or not, good or bad
Purposes n Benefits of the Research The purpose of this Research:
governance and public services, is dependent upon
1. To identify and analyze the role of
the competencies that are owned and controlled by
qualified
civil servants.
19
apparatus
on
community
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development e independence fforts in the
b.
city of Bekasi, West Java Province.
collecting
2. To identify and analyze the quality of the apparatus
with
the
Documentation methods and Browsing: data
on
Bekasi
city
government policies on empowering
professionalism
communities independence efforts ; c.
principles of competence and his work
Observation method: observation to the
achievement in increasing self-reliance
Bekasi, West Java, local government
on community empowerment in Bekasi
office to obtain the required data; d.
West Java Province
Library Study Methods: look for sources that can be used as a reference of the data
As some of the expected benefits of this
source or literature.
research are: to provide input and brainstorming to the Municipality of Bekasi West Java Province, in
2. Types of Research
the policy making on independence efforts in the
Empowerment Research is one of the
community capacity building, in addition to
descriptive studies. Descriptive study was not
providing advice to the qualified apparatus with
intended to test a specific hypothesis, but simply
the principles of competence and professionalism
describes "what is" about something variable,
in accordance with his performance which contribute
to
self-reliance
in
symptoms or circumstances. Indeed, there are
community
times when the results also prove the allegations
empowerment efforts in Bekasi West Java
but not too often done. Descriptive study was not
Province.
intended to test the hypothesis. But if we mention the word research, then
II.
Research Methods
this will come into contact with something
1. Research Methods
scientific nuances. Thus, it can be stated that the
The method used in this research is
empowerment research are to generate policies
descriptive method with qualitative approach.
that can be justified scientifically, within the limits
Descriptive research method is a method that is
that do not collide hardly with political will or
used in research to analyze the events that
social political environment in a country. This
occurred during the study. Winarno Surachmad
study discusses and examines about THE ROLE
(1988: 19) states that "a descriptive study focused
OF
on solving the problems that exist at the present
COMMUNITY
time. Implementation of the descriptive method is
INDEPENDENCE EFFORTS IN BEKASI
not limited only to the collection and compilation
CITY WEST JAVA PROVINCE INDONESIA
APPARATUS
QUALITY
ON
EMPOWERMENT
Source of data in this research is the source
of data but through the analysis and interpretation
of primary data and secondary data. Data
of the meaning of the data.
collection
techniques
are
by
observation,
documentation, and interviews. As for the source of the data in this research
The methods used in data collection are: a.
are:
Interview method;
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1) The informant, as the initial informant
government Apparatus that plays a role in the
selected purposively, the object of study to master
drafting,
implementation
and
evaluation
of
the problems studied (key informant) that the
community empowerment in Bekasi West Java
apparatus is based on the quality (education,
Province.
experience and his skills). Further information
2) The document, which is a technique used to
requested to the informant beginning to show
obtain documentation of data through written
other people who can provide the information, and
materials in the form of materials, reports and
then this informant was asked also to show other
other records that are still relevant to community
people who can provide information and so on.
empowerment policy in Bekasi, West Java. This
This method is usually referred to as a snow ball
technique is done to supplement researcher’s
that is done serially or sequentially. In this study,
information in addition to supporting data
which is seen as the first informant is: 5 Bekasi
collection techniques mentioned above.
city local government officials (the actor who
3) Place and events as a source of additional data
plays a role in improving the quality of personnel
is done through direct observation of the places
and in community empowerment independence
and events related to community empowerment
efforts in Kota Bekasi West Java Province), which
policy in order to attempt independence in Bekasi,
consists of: (1) The head of BKD in Bekasi city
West Java.
government; (2) Subsection Head of General
Research Result
Government in Bekasi city government; (3)
1. Qualified Apparatus
Subsection of Development and Administration
Employees are the most important resource in
Development in Bekasi city government; (4)
public organizations. Good employees and meet
Subsection
city
the qualification standards can only be obtained
government; (5) Subsection of Education and
through effective recruitment efforts. Therefore, in
Technical Training Functional in Bekasi city
order to carry out the recruitment process
government; and 5 Bekasi government staff; 7
effectively, there must be accurate and continuous
people in Bekasi which are getting empowerment
information on the number and qualifications of
from Bekasi City local government (community
individuals who are required to carry out various
selected purposively based on data from the
duties and functions within the organization.
of
Empowerment
Bekasi
implementation of community empowerment in
human resources quality enhancement (PNS)
Bekasi 2015). Then two people from non
can be viewed from a variety of non-physical
Governmental Organization (NGO), and one
potential, namely : (1) knowledge, employees must
public figure, so the numbers of whole informants
have the basic knowledge that is wide enough so
are 20 people.
be able to carry out the mandate of his job duties;
In the respondent selection both apparatus
(2) intelligentsia, employees will be able to
and the public, researchers used purposive
receive any orders in carrying out their duties; (3)
sampling method to determine sample. In this
expertise, employees are expected to possess
study sampled criteria are: (1) People who live in
specialized skills in performing their duties as to
Bekasi city, West Java Province, (2) Bekasi city
operate
21
existing
technologies;
(4)
skills,
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employees are able to create new innovations or
determinant,
planners,
implementers,
new ideas in the task that he gets to be more
superintendent of administration.
and
motivated. (5) human relations, good human Lack of apparatus professionalism in the
resources is human resources capable to organize
public services management resulted in a lack of
or communicate with each other and work well
willingness to participate in the planning of
together on the surrounding environment, as professionals
are
those
who
are
able
development and the apathy of society against the
to
government which are making society feel
communicate between individuals.
excluded from the process of governance. From Professional terms that apply to all
different areas of work that was involved
official began from top-level to lower levels.
government officials it is clear that the problem is
Professionalism can be defined as a sign of ability
related to lack-professionalism of employees in
and skill to do the job according to the fields and
performing entrusted important tasks.
the level of each. Professionalism involves a
(2) Skills
match
the
Every individual has different skills; skills
bureaucratization with the needs of the task, met a
that exist in a person must be explored. Skills in a
match between capabilities with the needs of the
person can help them to improve their quality. Not
task which is the condition of professional
all Employees have the skills that can be expected,
apparatus formation. This means that apparatus
so that with the training is expected to help
skills and abilities reflect the direction and
employees improve their skills in the workplace.
objectives to be achieved by an organization
In Here are more focused a person's skill to
(Kurniawan, 2005: 74).
develop creativity and ideas in completing the
between
the
capabilities
of
Training (Education and Training) civil
task. A person who has a highly creativity
servants is undertaken efforts for civil servants to
automatically the imagination power to develop
improve the personality, knowledge, and
their intelligence are good. Therefore the skill is
capabilities in accordance with the demands:
one way to improve self professionalism.
(1) Professionalism
(3) Expertise
Based on observations and the observations
The expertise comes from the word
made by government officials researcher that is a
expert which means mastering a particular field.
professional so it can be able to improve the
Expertise could mean that someone who has the
quality, knowledge, skills, driven by the many
ability to master or run a particular technological
responsibilities of the government's duty and
tools.
devotion to the public in accordance with the
professionalism.
capabilities of the employees. A professional’s
someone through training; the training makes a
official or government apparatus are significantly
person become more deeply what their main duty
and positively very influential to the progress and
so as to enhance his ability to master the job.
improvement of government organizations quality.
Expertise
is
Expertise
(4) knowledge
This is due to government employees as a
22
one
way can
to be
support obtained
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Knowledge is impact on a person quality
Talking about the Human Relations is closely
standard. Standard quality refers to the quality of
related to the interaction of a person in the world
anything
to
of work. Interaction is done not only on one side
organization human resources. Quality standards
but more than that. Good interaction between
are
abilities.
leaders and subordinates and subordinates and
person's
subordinates, maintaining good interaction can
development. One effort to help improve the
increase the motivation to work. The easiest form
knowledge is to follow the training.
of interaction is to maintain good communication
related
directly
lies in their
Individual’s
own
abilities
or
indirectly
individual affect
a
(5) Ability
and cooperation in carrying out the task of the
The ability of someone who comes from
organization. In the work environment influence
themselves are becoming initial capital to get a
the development of human resources. Good an
certain place in an organization.
comfortable workplace environment will give
(6) Willingness
encouragement for someone to further improve the
Willingness is the impetus that is in
quality in work. The internal environment is a part
oneself. Willingness that owned by someone must
that can not be ignored in efforts to improve the
be dug well enough, so that willingness can give
quality of human resources.
positive energy to help improve one's ability to be
The internal environment is everything
better. Willingness is also the basis of a person, if
that is owned by the organization, both attached to
one has the willingness to change indirectly all the
the structure, as well as support, both material and
other components will follow. Thus a willingness
nonmaterial. Maintaining good relations to fellow
that can encourages a person to work in a
employees is a spirit of its own to work harder.
professional manner.
However, not everyone or employee it can be said
(7) Discipline
one way or perception. No doubt in a cooperative
Discipline is a rule that must be obeyed by
relationship in the world of work to unify the
someone on self-awareness. Discipline is actually
perception was quite difficult, but there are certain
not out of willingness, willingness to abide by the
ways in the organization cope with that kind of
rules that exist in the organization. Self-discipline
thing.
is very big role in achieving organizational goals.
According to Blumberg & Pringle theory (in
Through self-discipline, beside to value himself an
Jewell & Siegall, 1990) there are several factors
employee also can respect others. Working
that determine a person's job performance,
discipline
namely: a) Opportunity: includes the tools,
beside
influenced
by
the
work
environment (how culture within the organization)
materials,
is also influenced by personality factors. If one
workers actions, behavior management, mentors,
employee violates the necessary efforts so that
policies, regulatory, organizational procedures,
disciplinary
information, time, and salaries; b) Capacity:
action
principles
such
as
fair
socialization discipline can be maintained.
supplies,
working conditions, co-
consisting of age, health, skills, intelligence, motor
(8) Cooperation
skills, education levels, endurance, stamina and energy
23
levels;
c)
Willingness:
consists
of
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motivation, job satisfaction, job status, anxiety,
development. Of the three definitions, it is clear
legitimacy, participation, attitudes, perceptions of
that employees coaching conducted for the growth
the characteristics of the task, work engagement,
and sustainability of the quality of employees in
norms, values, perceptions and sense of justice.
an organization. Thus, employees coaching are
The theory is to be used as a reference to determine
the
human
resources
essentially an increase in the ability of employees
quality
to provide services to the public through the basic
improvement after they followed the training
tasks and functions in the implementation of the
program. Is it in accordance with what is expected
development in accordance with established
or is still lacking? It was as one way to make it
policy.
easier to assess the success of the training program
Civil
Servants
Professional
Ethics
to improving the quality of human resources is
coaching in accordance with Regulation No. 42 of
expected.
2004 in (www.bkn.go.id.penelitian) using the
Government apparatus Coaching in order to improve working quality,
terminology of mental coaching corps and the
which meant by
Civil Service code of conduct, which is a kind of
coaching in this study is an activity or a form of
design
(design)
that
business that is done by discipline coaching,
components that need to be in the Civil Servants
career coaching, and Civil Service professional
Professional Ethics coaching, so it can be used as
ethics coaching in an organization of government
a reference pattern or guidelines by the head of
to improve the ability of employees to provide
government agencies at every level in doing Civil
services to the community through basic tasks and
Servants Professional Ethics coaching in the
functions in order to achieve the vision and
governments
mission of the government organizations. While
environment
performance is a result of work accomplished by a
2.
agency
illustrate
an
d
the
various
working
units
Independence Effort In Community
Civil Servant in performing the tasks assigned to
Empowerment Empowerment as a process of developing,
him on proficiency, skill, seriousness, and time.
independent, In Act No. 43 of 1999 points staffing and
self-supporting,
strengthens
the
bargaining position of the lower layers of society
Law No. 5 of 2014 concerning the civil state
against the forces in all areas and sectors of life
apparatus (ASN) stated that employees coaching is
(Sutoro Eko, 2002). The concept of empowerment
an important effort in the organization because of
also can be understood by two perspectives.
these employees coaching will make organization
Empowerment interpreted in the context of putting
be more advanced and developed. Malthis (in
public
Widjaja, 1986) stating that the employee coaching
standing
community
is an activity that is associated with an increase in
is
position. not
The
position
beneficiary
of
object
(beneficiaries) it is dependent on the provision of
employee skills for sustainable growth within the
external parties such as the government, but rather
organization. Widjaja (1986: 15) added that
in the position of the subject (agent or participant
employee coaching is all efforts to improve the
who
ability in performing general administration and
acts)
that
act
independently.
Act
independently does not mean escape from the
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responsibility of the state. The provision of public
business (which results can be exchanged with
services (health, education, housing, transport and
another party). Thus the ultimate goal is the
so on) to the community is certainly state tasks
community's independence, enable and build
(liabilities) that are given. Independent community
capacity to advance thems toward a better life on
as participants means open space and capacity to
an ongoing basis.
develop potential -creation, environmental control and
its
own
resources,
solve
Strategy (2): Government Development
problems
Programs in developing countries including
independently, and and also determine the
Indonesia have launched a variety of programs,
political process in the realm of the state.
namely (1) the development of agriculture, (2) the
Communities participate in the development
industrialization of society, (3) development of an
process and governance (Sutoro Eko, 2002).
integrated society, and (4) strategic growth centers (Sunyoto Usman, 2004).
Regulation No. 7 of 2007 concerning Community
The success of this development requires
Empowerment Cadre, stating that community
a system and executor apparatus that is capable,
empowerment is a strategy used in community
responsive and creative as well as managers in
development as an effort to realize the capabilities
accordance
and independence in society, nation and state
capabilities,
community empowerment is a strategy to leverage
gap
modern
including
the
deliver
effective
the effectiveness of excellent service as one of the
enable and dependence community mainly from /
of
expedite the development process. For that reason,
The goals of community empowerment are to
underdevelopment
principles
services to the public. Due to effective service will
the power and independence of the community.
and
the
management in attitudes and behavior of technical
(Article 1, paragraph (8)). The core notion of
poverty
with
variables studied. Since the New Order era until
/
now, the conditions in the Indonesian bureaucracy
powerlessness. In other words, underdevelopment
notorious as inefficiency, abuse of authority,
problem regarding structural (policy) and cultural
corruption, collusion and nepotism. This is proven
(Sunyoto Usman, 2004). How do strategies or
by the demands and community complaints
activities that can be pursued to achieve the goal
against the
of community empowerment? There are several
services
were
rated
less than
satisfactory. People are increasingly away from
strategies that can be considered to be selected and
the hope of obtaining appropriate services owned
then applied in community empowerment.
rights as citizens. Bureaucracy in this case the
Strategy (1): Creating a climate, strengthen,
government becomes less get the full confidence
and protect. In an effort to empower the
of the public. To realize the neutral government
community can be seen from three sides, namely:
bureaucracies in fact still face many obstacles,
creating an atmosphere or climate that allows the
while people always demand the effectiveness of
potential of society, rather than society becomes
government services. Policies to achieve a neutral
increasingly dependent on a variety of granting
bureaucracy in the administration and state
programs (charity). Therefore, basically every
government, in practice there are face many
enjoyed what must be produced on their own
obstacles. Yet amid the barriers, people really
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missed a good public service, in the sense of
empowerment of the governed. This means that
proportion to the benefit, namely; bureaucracy
more helpless people, then more increase the
oriented to the creation of a balance between
primary function of government. Conversely
power
responsibility
secondary function negatively related to the level
(accountability) to be given to the communities
of empowerment of the governed. This means that
served. Local government officials as bureaucrats
more helpless people, then diminishing the
demanded to deal with the constraints faced in the
government's
development
the
(setting) to steering (control). A secondary
government. The apparatus must be able to
function or empowerment gradually handed over
perform its main function is to give good service
to the community to meet their own needs.
to the community, agile, effective and efficient.
Government is obliged to continuously seek to
(power)
owned
efforts
by
recommended
by
secondary function
of
rowing
Community empowerment is actually a
empower people to improve their empowerment
part of the four functions of government expressed
so that in turn they have the ability to live
by Ryaas Rashid. Ryaas divides government
independently
functions into four parts, the service (public
interference.
Therefore,
service),
encourages
community
self-reliance
development
will
prosperity
construction
empowerment
(development),
(empowering),
and
setting
and
apart
create
from the
government empowerment and in
the
(regulation). [1] The functions of government are
community.
carried out at a given moment will describe the
development
quality
next
government, along with its limitations, then
properly, then the
gradually people were able to live independently
of
governance
government to function
itself.
If
the
principal tasks can be done well as services can be
Along with it, the results of and
empowerment
of
the
sufficiency.
led to justice, empowerment led to independence,
Government functions in relation to
and then to create prosperity development.
empowerment,
to
Community empowerment process in general
community and development for the creation of
forms and builds prosperity and self-reliance to
self-reliance
fight the currents of rapid globalization. To
imposed by society. The need for a government
increase the creativity of the poor in view of the
role optimally and depth to build community
and
direct
the
prosperity,
independence
not necessarily
economic outlook based on how the government is 3.
serious about building a strong human resource.
Independence Efforts In Bekasi City
Thus, improving the quality of society through empowerment
programs
is
needed.
Community Empowerment
Ndraha The success of national development can
mentioned that the government has two basic
not be separated from the role and functions of
functions, namely primary function or service, and
government organizations in carrying out the tasks
a secondary function or empowerment.
of
government
because
the
government
organization's success in achieving the objectives
The primary function is continuously
strongly supports the achievement of national
running and positively associated with the
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development goals. In order to achieve the
better
understand
the
circumstances
national goals and objectives of the national
conditions of the community.
and
development required the participation of Civil
In explanation of Law No. 43 of 1999 on
Servants (PNS) as an element of the state
the amendment of Law No. 8 of 1974 on the
apparatus, civil servants and public servant whose
Fundamentals of Civil Service stated that the
job is to carry out the tasks of government and
smooth run the administration and implementation
development. In Law Number 43 Year 1999
of national development, especially depending on
regarding amendments to the Law No. 8 of 1974
the perfection of the state apparatus, and the
on the Fundamentals of Civil Service, in Chapter
perfection of the state apparatus depends on the
II, Article 3, paragraph 1 stated that: "Servants
perfection of civil
serves as an element of the state apparatus whose
explanations it can be said that the perfection of
job is to provide services to the community in a
bureaucracy depends on the perfection of the state
professional, honest, fair, and equitable in the
apparatus so that the quality of the bureaucracy we
administration duties of the state, governance, and
reflected on the quality of the state apparatus. The
development." Civil Servant is not only an
task of government is not only to set the course,
element of government officials, but also servants
but also provide services to the public. Service
of the state and public servant which is basically a
function has not received the attention of the
public servant. Civil servants as a apparatus of
bureaucracy, because the function set is more
bureaucracy than as a state apparatus and civil
dominant than the portion of the service.
servants, as well as a public servant. So with the
Bureaucracy felt no more in a position of power
interests of the communities in bureaucratic
who puts himself as a director rather than officials,
apparatus must devote themselves. Bureaucracy is
therefore, arises a tendency to see people as
expected to have a devotion soul and service to the
passive objects in service excellence. Government
community.
the
bureaucracy occupies an important position in the
implementation of the tasks is in the form of
implementation of development because it is one
service to the community so that the service is said
of the important instruments that will sustain and
to be effective if apparatus succeeded in carrying
accelerate development efforts.
Thus
the
output
of
servants ,
From these
out their duties. In other words, the success of the
The success of this development requires a
task of the government in national development
system and executor apparatus that is capable,
depends a lot on the performance and capabilities
responsive and creative as well as managers in
of civil servants. From these explanations we can
accordance
conclude that the position and role of civil
management in attitudes and behavior of technical
servants is critical and determines the success of
capabilities,
national development. Apparatus in Bekasi city
services to the public. Due to effective service will
government as part of the civil servants are
expedite the development process. For that reason,
required to be the motor of development because
the effectiveness of excellent service as one of the
they are in direct contact with the public, so it will
variables studied. Since the New Order era until
with
the
including
principles
the
of
deliver
modern
effective
now, the conditions in the Indonesian bureaucracy
27
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ISSN 2305-4557
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notorious as inefficiency, abuse of authority,
which includes government policies,
corruption, collusion and nepotism. This is proven
objectives, community needs and
by the demands and community complaints
goals.
against the
services
were
rated
less than
2.Input economic empowerment programs
satisfactory. People are increasingly away from
in PNPM Urban, in the form of
the hope of obtaining appropriate services owned
infrastructure work and resource
rights as citizens. Bureaucracy in this case the
managers.
government becomes less get the full confidence
3.The process of economic empowerment
of the public. To realize the neutral government
programs in the form of PNPM
bureaucracies in fact still face many obstacles,
Urban
while people always demand the effectiveness of
development,
government services. Policies to achieve a neutral
manager.
bureaucracy in the administration and state
planning,
4.Economic
and
capacity performance
empowerment in
PNPM
program
government, in practice there are face many
Product
Urban,
obstacles. Yet amid the barriers, people really
economic benefits for society.
the
missed a good public service, in the sense of proportion to the benefit, namely; bureaucracy oriented to the creation of a balance between power
(power)
owned
by
III.
responsibility 1.
(accountability) to be given to the communities
Conclusions
served. Local government officials as bureaucrats
a. In order to realize a good working apparatus to
demanded to deal with the constraints faced in the development
efforts
recommended
by
the community in need of human resources that
the
have good quality also, therefore the employee
government. The apparatus must be able to
continue to be developed so that they have a good
perform its main function is to give good service
ability to carry out its tasks and role in efforts to
to the community, agile, effective and efficient.
empower the independence of people in Bekasi
This research generally aims to obtain
city
information on community empowerment, namely
provide
result of the local government can be a basis for a
of
a
communities
most
sufficient
development
of
poor
to
investments
made
by
the
government for these employees aimed at creating
Program. In the operational objectives, evaluations
sources human power who have added value to
of program are as follows: program
the
in the sense that the development of poor
economic
empowerment in PNPM independence Urban
1.Context
are
communities to develop businesses to employees,
decision, whether to terminate, continue, or implementation
Employees
one implication is that the government should
economic empowerment in Bekasi. Evaluation
the
government.
important resource for government institutions,
by reference to the evaluation of PNPM Urban
improve
Conclusions and Suggestions
of
government and society. So as to produce a
economic
empowerment in PNPM Urban,
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working apparatus that efficiency in the execution
instrument to regulate all activities of the
of duties
implementation of empowerment.
In connection with this empowerment of apparatus 2) Dynamist; able to mobilize community
resources, the role of the apparatus performance
participation in case of constraints in the
must have very significant value in improving the
development process to encourage and
apparatus quality working in the field of
maintain
empowerment of the poor development. It is
through
does not take too long. Because look at the
empowerment
process
by
teams
the
and
3) The
emancipatory.
for
the
people.
in
and
direction
through
the
to
provide
facilitator;
be
able
conditions
to
create
to
the
the various interests of the community in order to optimize regional development.
people, by government together with the people.
agencies
implementation of development to bridge
The
participatory is means government with the
the
specific
conducive
Initials interpreted as the government, by the
for
personnel
training.
apparatus is done in three stages, namely
people,
are
provision of guidance and assistance
income and economic needs.
and
guidance
role
Usually it is realized
of families or the poor souls who have insufficient
government,
regional
intensively and effectively to the public.
District of Bekasi City officer who has a number
participatory,
of
Government
competent
providing
development of poor communities residing in the
initials,
dynamics
development.
expected that the personnel working for the poor
Community
the
As facilitator, the government is moving
Meanwhile,
through the apparatus that professional
emancipatory means of the people, by the
and competent in the field of assistance
people, for the people, and supported by the
through training, education and skills
government with the people. Thus the role
training, as well as in the field of capital
and functions of government in the welfare
financing or through the provision of
and society's independence is indispensable.
capital to the people who are empowered.
b. Quality apparatus with the principles of competence and professionalism in accordance
As for the role the apparatus in the context of the
with his performance increase self-reliance in
program is done through:
community empowerment in Bekasi West Java
1.
Province, namely the role of the apparatus as:
Context
1) Regulator; be able to prepare the way to balance
the
implementation
Aspects of this policy has met the criteria
of
for success, namely an Independent
development through the issuance of regulations.
As
government apparatus
a
regulator,
through has
provided
PNPM is a national program in the form
the
of a policy framework as the basis and
professional the
Evaluation
reference for the implementation of
basic
poverty reduction programs based on
reference to the community as an
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community empowerment.
income level of the poor should be
2. Evaluation Input
coupled with improved access to capital and skills of the poor.
The success rate of the provision of BKM working facilities and infrastructure are in
2. Better for Local Government and BKM,
the medium category. BKM manager
First, provide working facilities and
recruitment pattern was in accordance
infrastructure
with the procedures set out in the
completed in accordance with the needs
guidelines for the implementation of
of working to improve the quality of
PNPM Urban. Furthermore, the public
service to the community. Secondly,
institutions have been formed 100 percent.
better access to capital can be enhanced
managers
there is training that can improve
Process Socialization program of economic
people's skills in order to increase family
empowerment through revolving loans
income.
are made by government leaders in the
3. If further research or studies conducted
village as the village level to facilitate
by other researchers, that focused on
the implementation of PNPM Urban.
the evaluation of the PNPM Urban
Besides, socialization is also done by
wider
the facilitator at the base of society such
aspects / environmental and social
as RT, RW, PKK, health center.
aspects.
Economic
empowerment
programs
through revolving loans to help the poor in accessing capital for productive enterprises in addition to improve the infrastructure managers to improve services in the future. Socialization and assistance are doing to the public, as well as the provision of skills training to the poor to help increase revenue, and the partnerships that can assist in improving community empowerment.
2.
BKM
through the partnership program. Third,
3.Evaluation
4.
for
Suggestion
Based on the conclusions of the research, presented the following suggestions: 1. PNPM Urban economic empowerment Program can further improve the
30
by analyzing
the
physical
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Acountability, and Quality Management)
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