By now, you have probably familiarized yourself with the standards that were approved by the DC State ... tests also should match the standards. ..... distributing weight and base of support. 5.2.2 Explain the importance of open space in playing spor
Indicators: Selection and Rationale ...... recruitment. Registration facilitates also the access to basic rights, family reunification and the identification of those in need of special assistance. It is a tool to quantify and assess ..... Addressing
Data Integration • across many systems • Semantic Representation • Semantic Mediation IoT Entities • Contextualized Information • Content-based Queries • Pub / Sub
oneM2M today (rel. 1) Building Management Application Temperature AE
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Temperature Value Container
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Temperature Value Instance 1 Temperature Value Instance 2
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▌oneM2M provides resource structure for sensor applications to provide their information ▌Syntax and semantics of information not visible to the platform At best limited support for discovery (explicit tags) No support for efficient access to structured information, creation of mash-ups, support for analytics
▌Applications using the information have to a-priori know Resources provided by each sensor applications Syntax and semantics of information
Explicit configuration step for every change in available sensors
oneM2M with Semantics Building Management Application Temperature AE
Type: Temperature Unit: Celsius
Temperature Value Container
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Temperature Value Instance 1 Temperature Value Instance 2
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▌ oneM2M provides resource structure for sensor applications to provide their information ▌ oneM2M provides semantic information about resource contents and functionalities making use of it ▌ Functionalities that can be provided or enhanced using semantics Queries/Discovery based on semantic descriptions Support for analytics (e.g. efficient access to information, deployment of analytics within the platform) Support for creation of mash-ups (e.g. enabling IoT scenarios)
▌ Applications using the information can Specify what information they are interested in be notified in case of relevant changes Syntax and semantics of information is made explicit, so applications can decide whether they can handle it, what module is needed for processing etc.
Automatic configuration for every change in available sensors
Semantic Functionalities for oneM2M ▌Requirements on Semantics have been identified for the following aspects: Functionalities • • • •
Semantic Queries (e.g. Discovery) Support for Data Analytics Support for Semantic Mash-ups Use of semantics to support generic interworking ( see separate section)
Required Foundations • Semantic Annotation • Ontology • Semantic Reasoning The focus areas for Release 2 are shown in red. 20
Semantic Annotation ▌Application Entity, Container and Content Instance resources optionally can have one or more Semantic Descriptor resources that semantically annotate the respective resource. 0..n
semanticDescriptor
▌The case that there are multiple semantic descriptors can be used if the same resource is to be semantically described according to multiple different ontologies.
▌The Semantic Descriptor resource is used to store a semantic description pertaining to a resource and potentially sub-resources (in descriptor attribute) as semantic triples (subject, predicate , object). The semantic information is used by the semantic functionalities of the oneM2M system and is also available to applications. 1 0..1
Semantic Filtering and Discovery ▌Resources can be selected / discovered in oneM2M based on filter criteria ▌A new filter criteria on semantics has been added semantics
0..n
The semantic description contained in one of the child resources matches the specified semantic filter.
▌The filter criteria will be applied to the respective semantic description contained in the descriptor attribute of each of the semantic descriptor resource instances ▌If the semantic filter criteria match the semantic descriptor, the parent resource is included in the result set, otherwise it is not Resource 1
Outlook: Future Technology Trends IoT Clouds [today state-of-the-art] Cloud-based provisioning of IoT services NEC product: Cloud City Operation Center
Today
Elastic IoT [emerging] 1-3 year From central cloud to federation & brokering: Cloud-of-Cloud, System-of-System Edge Computing & automated functional distribution, devops IoT network re-configuration 2-5 year Hyperconnected IoT [Next Gen Discussion] Business mode: many-to-many data sharing semantic interoperability, multi-source data analysis, semantic context, sharing of control massive orchestration 4-6 year
Extreme IoT [R&D starting] Massive use: „100-10K IoT objects per room“ IoT & 5G: IoT into every (!) object network impact , advance discovery & contextualized orchestration, tactile control 26
Summary ▌ An Advance IoT protocol stack is emerging...
▌ … connecting everything to everything means to understand everything. ▌ We need automated ways of connecting systems together and understand the meaning.