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Awalnya adalah sebuah kerajaan yang di-Indianisasi-kan pada abad ke-10, Tondo dibangun pada pusat rute perdagangan regio

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Lompat ke: navigasi, cari Kerajaan Tondo (Filipina: Kaharian ng Tondo; Baybayin: Pre-Kudlit: (Lusu), Post-Kudlit:



; Kapampangan:

Kaarian ning Tundo; Bikol: Kahadean ini Tundo; Ilocano: Pagarian ti Tondo; Tradisional: ; Pinyin: dōngdū; Melayu: Kerajaan Tundun), yang juga disebut sebagai Tundo, Tundun, Tundok, Tung-lio, Lusung, atau Tondo Kuno, adalah sebuah mandala yang terletak di kawasan Teluk Manila, khususnya utara Sungai Pasig, di pulau Luzon.[3](h71)[4] Kerajaan tersebut adalah salah satu pemukiman yang disebutkan dalam catatan sejarah terawal Filipina, Inskripsi Plat Tembaga Laguna (900 Masehi). Wilayahnya membentang dari mulut sungai Pasig, wilayah persukuan Kapampangan,[1] Luzon Selatan sampai Bicolandia,[1] menjadikannya kerajaan terbesar [1] yang meliputi sebagian besar Luzon.[1] Awalnya adalah sebuah kerajaan yang diIndianisasi-kan pada abad ke-10, Tondo dibangun pada pusat rute perdagangan regional kuno yang telah lama ada sepanjang kepulauan tersebut, yang menginisiasikan hubungan diplomatik dan komersial dengan Tiongkok pada masa Dinasti Ming. Kemudian, kerajaan tersebut menjadi sebuah kekuatan perdagangan di seluruh Asia Tenggara dan Asia Timur. (Lihat Luções). Wilayah Tondo memuncak saat periode perdagangan dan aliansinya dengan Sultan Bolkiah dari Brunei. Saat Spanyol mula-mula datang ke Tondo pada 1570 dan mengalahkan para penguasa lokal di kawasan Teluk Manila pada 1591, Tondo berada di bawah pemerintahan Manila (sebuah benteng Spanyol yang dibangun di atas reruntuhan Kota Seludong), mengakhiri keberadaannya sebagai sebuah negara independen. Tondo masih ada sampai sekarang sebagai sebuah distrik dari kota Manila.

Kerajaan Tondo







Kaharian ng Tondo Kaarian ning Tundo Pagarian ti Tondo Kahadean ini Tundo

Bahasa Kapampangan

Kerajaan Tundun

s. 900an–1589

1. "Amanung Sisuan" ("Kapampangan") in Kapampangan script Islam





Luas Kerajaan Tondo pada abad ke-10 dan ke-16 [1][2][pranala nonaktif]

Ibu kota

Tondo (Sekarang distrik Manila)

Bahasa

Tagalog Lama, Kapampangan, Bikol, Ilocano (bahasa lokal) Tionghoa Tengah, Melayu Lama (bahasa bisnis), Sansekerta dan Pali (aktivitas keagamaan)

Agama

Hindu, Buddha, Kepercayaan asli dan Islam

Bentuk pemerintahan Lakan - Zaman Besi – (sebelum 900 Masehi) - s. 900

Kelakanan

1. The Kaaba, in Mecca, Hejaz region, today's Saudi Arabia, is the center of Islam. Muslims from all over the world gather there to pray in unity. 2. The dome of the Carol I Mosque in Constanţa, Romania, topped by the Islamic crescent 3. Medallion showing " Allah " (God) in Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey. Zaman Besi





Amaron Jayadewa (mula-mula menurut LCI) Rajah Alon Rajah Gambang Banaw Lakan Dula Magat Salamat (terakhir)

- 1200–1245? - 1390?–1417? - 1558–1571 - 1575–1587

Referensi



1. ^ a b c d e http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/philippines/historyEra sejarah tondo.htm 2. ^ http://elgu2.ncc.gov.ph/mauban/index.php? - Didirikan id1=3&id2=1&id3=0 - Diplomasi dengan 3. ^ Schliesinger, Joachim (2016). Origin Medang of Man in Southeast Asia 4: Early - Membentengi Dominant Peoples of the Maritime mandala Region. Volume 4 dari Origin of Man in - Rajah Alon Southeast Asia. Booksmango. meluaskan wilayah ISBN 9781633237285. - Perang Majapahit– Luzon 4. ^ Abinales, Patricio N. and Donna J. - Diplomasi dengan Amoroso, State and Society in the Dinasti Ming – Philippines. Maryland: Rowman and 1378 Littlefield, 2005. as referred to in Dianeksasi oleh http://malacanang.gov.ph/75832-preKekaisaran Brunei colonial-manila/#_ftn1 – 1500 - Dibubarkan

Zaman Besi Zaman Klasik Abad Pertengahan Tinggi s. 900an

1. Archaeological artifact from the work developed in the area of Citânia de Briteiros 2. Cross or cruzado in Citânia de Breteiros 3. A pedra formosa Jayadewa



900 AD





s. 1150 1200 1365

1. Jaydeva worships Vishnu. 2. Jayadeva Pitha, Kenduli Village (Kendu Vilwa) 3. Basohli painting (circa 1730 AD) depicting a scene from Jayadeva's Gita Govinda. 4. Deities Abad Pertengahan Tinggi

1589

Mata uang

Piloncitos, Cincin emas dan Barter

Pendahulu

Pengganti

Filipina Prasejarah Barangay kuno



Kerajaan Maynila Kewalikerajaan Spanyol Baru Hindia Spanyol Manila (provinsi)

Sekarang bagian dari





1. Ireland 2. This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2011) 3. Bayeux Tapestry depicting the Battle of Hastings during the Norman invasion of England 4. King Saint Stephen I of Hungary.

Filipina

Bagian dari seri artikel mengenai

Sejarah Filipina

Kerajaan Medang

Prasejarah (pra-900)

[show]

Periode klasik (900-1521)

[show]

Penjajahan Spanyol (1521–1898)

[show]

Penjajahan Amerika (1898–1946)

[show]

Independen (1946–kini)

[show]

Topik

[show]

Garis waktu





1. A lithograph of Tjandi Sewoe ruins near Prambanan, circa 1859. 2. The Medang Kingdom during the Central Java and Eastern Java periods 3. Canggal inscription (732), created by King Sanjaya. 4. The construction of Kalasan temple was mentioned in Kalasan inscription, under the auspices of King Panangkaran. Dinasti Ming

Portal Filipina

Bagian dari seri artikel mengenai

Sejarah Brunei





Pra-Kesultanan Kekaisaran Brunei

1368 sampai 1888

Wangsa Bolkiah (abad ke 15–sekarang )

Kesultanan Sulu Kerajaan Maynila Kerajaan Tondo Perang Castille

1405 sampai 1578 1500s sampai 1571 1500s sampai 1571 1578

Perang Saudara Sarawak Labuan Sabah (Borneo Utara) Protektorat Inggris

1. History of China 2. Ming China around 1580 3. A cannon from the Huolongjing, compiled by Jiao Yu and Liu Bowen before the latter's death in 1375. 4. Portrait of the Hongwu Emperor (ruled in 1368–98) Kekaisaran Brunei

1660–1673 Abad ke-15 sampai 1841 Abad ke-15 sampai 1846 Abad ke-15 sampai 1865 1888–1984

Pendudukan Jepang Kampanye Borneo Pemerintahan Militer Inggris Revolt

1942–1945 1945 1945–1946 1962



2. Flag Barter

Garis waktu · Sultan

Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Kerajaan_Tondo&oldid=12248773" Kategori: Bekas negara di Asia Tenggara Sejarah Filipina (900–1521) Kategori tersembunyi: Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif Artikel mengandung aksara Tionghoa Coordinates on Wikidata

RELATED RESEARCH TOPICS







1. An 1874 newspaper illustration from Harper's Weekly, showing a man engaging in barter: offering chickens in exchange for his yearly newspaper subscription. 2. Scandinavian and Russian traders bartering their wares. Olaus Magnus, 1555 3. White traders bartering with the Indians c. 1820 4. A 19th-century example of barter: A sample labor for labor note for the Cincinnati Time Store. Scanned from Equitable Commerce by Josiah Warren (1846) Filipina







1. King Philip II of Spain. 2. Flag 3. Tabon Cave and its carvings. 4. The Banaue Rice Terraces where Ifugao/Igorot utilized terrace farming in the steep mountainous regions of northern Philippines over 2000 years ago.

1. Manila – Manila, officially City of Manila, is the capital of the Philippines. Founded on June 24,1571, by Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi and it is situated on the eastern shore of Manila Bay and is home to many landmarks, some of which date back to the 16th century. In 2012, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network listed Manila as a global city, the city proper is home to 1,780,148 people in 2015, forming the historic core of Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines. The metropolitan area, which includes the much larger Quezon City, Manila is also the most densely populated city proper in the world, with 41,515 people per square kilometer. The term Manila is commonly used to refer to either the whole area or the city proper. Manila is located on the shore of the Manila Bay on one of the finest harbors in the country. The city has six districts for the lower house of the Philippine Congress. Manila was once ruled by the Kingdom of Tondo before it became a province of the Majapahit Empire. During the Bruneian invasion of the Philippines, Sultan Bolkiah of Brunei captured Seludong and renamed it Maynilà, Maynilà became a vassal state of the Sultanate of Brunei, established to overpower Tondo. In 1571, conquistadors arrived from Mexico, across the Pacific Ocean, Spanish missionaries soon Christianized the city, incorporated Tondo and built some of the oldest churches in the country, including San Agustin Church. The conquistadors renamed the area Nuevo Reino de Castilla, Manila became the center of Spanish activity in the Far East and one end of the Manila–Acapulco galleon trade route linking Spanish America with Asia, one of the earliest examples of globalization. Because of its location on Pacific trade routes, Manila received the moniker Pearl of the Orient. Spanish rule of the Philippine archipelago lasted for more than three centuries, until 1898, order was usually quickly restored and the city returned to the business of trade. In the 19th century, Manila was one of the most modern cities in Asia, before the Spanish–American War, it saw the rise of the Philippine Revolution. After the war, the United States took control, switched the official language from Spanish to English, near the end of World War II, during the Battle of Manila, most of the city was flattened by intensive aerial bombardment by the United States Air Force. As a result, relatively little remains of Manilas prewar and colonial architecture, although there are ongoing projects, especially within the old walled city. Maynilà, the Filipino name for the city, originated from the word nilà, referring to a mangrove tree that grew on the delta of the Pasig River. The flowers were made into garlands that, according to folklore, were offered to statues on religious altars or in churches 2. Bahasa Kapampangan – The Pampangan language or Kapampangan is one of the major languages of the Philippines. Kapampangan is also understood in some municipalities of Bulacan and Nueva Ecija, the language is also called as Pampango and honorifically in the Kapampangan language, as Amánung Sísuan, meaning breastfed/nurtured language. In 2012, Kapampangan is one of the languages of the Philippines that is being taught and studied formally in schools. The word Kapampangan is derived from the rootword pampáng which means riverbank, historically, this language was used in what was before the Kingdom of Tondo, ruled by the Lakans. In the 18th century, two books were written by Fr and he authored Vocabulario de la lengua Pampanga and Arte de la lengua Pampanga. Kapampangan produced two literary giants in the 19th century, Father Anselmo Fajardo was noted for his works Gonzalo de Córdova, another writer, Juan Crisóstomo Soto, was noted for writing many plays. He authored Alang Dios in 1901, the Augustinian missionaries studied the Kapampangan language together with its indigenous writing system. This contains the letters ‘Q and C’ and includes F, Ñ, by the end of the Spanish era, the ABAKADA, also known as Súlat Wáwâ or Guagua script, this replaced C and Q with the letter K. The Kapampangan nationalist writers from Wáwâ wanted to create an identity different from the Bacúlud literary tradition. Two Kapampangan writers from Wáwâ, Aurelio Tolentino and Monico Mercado with his translation of Rizals Mi Último Adiós have adapted Rizals proposal into Kapampangan writing, on 31 December 1937, Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon proclaimed the language based on Tagalog as the Philippine National Language. Zoilo Hilario propose to standardize Kapampangan orthography, being a member of the Institute of National Language, Hilario sought to adopt the ABAKADA used in Tagalog and impose it as the Kapampangan languages standard orthographic system. This legal imposition of Tagalog as the Philippine National Language whereby all other Philippine languages, the senseless conflict between the so-called purists and antipurists that plagued the Tagalog literary scene also found its way among Kapampangan writers. Samson submitted a proposal aimed at reconciling the OLD and the NEW spelling in Kapampangan writing and this is called Ámugng Samsons Hybrid Orthography. Samsons synthesis was at first readily accepted by the Catholic Archdiocese of Pampanga, in 1997, Batiáuan Foundation stated that the major obstacle to popularizing Kapampangan was the intense squabble over orthography. The prediction that the Kapampangan ethnic group would be absorbed by the Tagalogs was seen by various Kapampangan groups as a real threat. They are quite conscious of the fact that Tagalog words were replacing more and more terms in the spoken Kapampangan language. They simply revised the use of the ABAKADA in Kapampangan writing by removing the letter W, however Akademyang Kapampangan believes that, the Batiáuan revision serves complicate Kapampangan writing as well as confuse adherents to their proposed orthography. Batiáuan refutes that the marks are very essential in Kapampangan writing because there are many words in the Kapampangan language that are spelled the same 3. Islam – Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is only one and incomparable God and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God. It is the worlds second-largest religion and the major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population. Islam teaches that God is merciful, allpowerful, and unique, and He has guided mankind through revealed scriptures, natural signs, and a line of prophets sealed by Muhammad. The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran, viewed by Muslims as the word of God. Muslims believe that Islam is the original, complete and universal version of a faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses. As for the Quran, Muslims consider it to be the unaltered, certain religious rites and customs are observed by the Muslims in their family and social life, while social responsibilities to parents, relatives, and neighbors have also been defined. Besides, the Quran and the sunnah of Muhammad prescribe a comprehensive body of moral guidelines for Muslims to be followed in their personal, social, political, Islam began in the early 7th century. Originating in Mecca, it spread in the Arabian Peninsula. The expansion of the Muslim world involved various caliphates and empires, traders, most Muslims are of one of two denominations, Sunni or Shia. Islam is the dominant religion in the Middle East, North Africa, sizable Muslim communities are also found in Horn of Africa, Europe, China, Russia, Mainland Southeast Asia, Philippines, Northern Borneo, Caucasus and the Americas. Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world, Islam is a verbal noun originating from the triliteral root s-l-m which forms a large class of words mostly relating to concepts of wholeness, submission, safeness and peace. In a religious context it means voluntary submission to God, Islām is the verbal noun of Form IV of the root, and means submission or surrender. Muslim, the word for an adherent of Islam, is the active participle of the verb form. The word sometimes has connotations in its various occurrences in the Quran. In some verses, there is stress on the quality of Islam as a state, Whomsoever God desires to guide. Other verses connect Islām and dīn, Today, I have perfected your religion for you, I have completed My blessing upon you, still others describe Islam as an action of returning to God— more than just a verbal affirmation of faith. In the Hadith of Gabriel, islām is presented as one part of a triad that also includes imān, Islam was historically called Muhammadanism in Anglophone societies. This term has fallen out of use and is said to be offensive because it suggests that a human being rather than God is central to Muslims religion 4. Zaman Besi – The Iron Age is an archaeological era, referring to a period of time in the prehistory and protohistory of the Old World when the dominant toolmaking material was iron. It is commonly preceded by the Bronze Age in Europe and Asia with exceptions, meteoric iron has been used by humans since at least 3200 BC. Ancient iron production did not become widespread until the ability to smelt ore, remove impurities. The start of the Iron Age proper is considered by many to fall between around 1200 BC and 600 BC, depending on the region, the earliest known iron artifacts are nine small beads dated to 3200 BC, which were found in burials at Gerzeh, Lower Egypt. They have been identified as meteoric iron shaped by careful hammering, meteoric iron, a characteristic iron–nickel alloy, was used by various ancient peoples thousands of years before the Iron Age. Such iron, being in its metallic state, required no smelting of ores. Smelted iron appears sporadically in the record from the middle Bronze Age. While terrestrial iron is abundant, its high melting point of 1,538 °C placed it out of reach of common use until the end of the second millennium BC. Tins low melting point of 231, similarly, recent archaeological remains of iron working in the Ganges Valley in India have been tentatively dated to 1800 BC. By the Middle Bronze Age, increasing numbers of smelted iron objects appeared in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, African sites are turning up dates as early as 1200 BC. Modern archaeological evidence identifies the start of iron production in around 1200 BC. Between 1200 BC and 1000 BC, diffusion in the understanding of iron metallurgy and use of objects was fast. As evidence, many bronze implements were recycled into weapons during this time, more widespread use of iron led to improved steel-making technology at lower cost. Thus, even when tin became available again, iron was cheaper, stronger, and lighter, and forged iron implements superseded cast bronze tools permanently. Increasingly, the Iron Age in Europe is being seen as a part of the Bronze Age collapse in the ancient Near East, in ancient India, ancient Iran, and ancient Greece. In other regions of Europe, the Iron Age began in the 8th century BC in Central Europe, the Near Eastern Iron Age is divided into two subsections, Iron I and Iron II. Iron I illustrates both continuity and discontinuity with the previous Late Bronze Age, during the Iron Age, the best tools and weapons were made from steel, particularly alloys which were produced with a carbon content between approximately 0. 30% and 1. 2% by weight. Steel weapons and tools were nearly the same weight as those of bronze, however, steel was difficult to produce with the methods available, and alloys that were easier to make, such as wrought iron, were more common in lower-priced goods 5. Jayadewa – Jayadeva, also known as Jaidev, was a Sanskrit poet during the 12th century. Born in a Brahmin family, he is most known for his epic poem Gita Govinda and this text depicts the divine love of Krishna and his consort, Radha. This poem, which presents the view that Radha is greater than Hari, is considered an important text in the Bhakti movement of Hinduism. Little details are known of his life, except that he was a loner poet, Jayadeva is the earliest dated author of hymns that are included the Guru Granth Sahib, the primary scripture of Sikhism – a religion founded in the Indian subcontinent centuries after his death. A Brahmin by birth, the date and place of Jayadevas birth are uncertain, recent studies show scholars still disagree on the issue. The poets parents were named Bhojadeva and Ramadevi, from temple inscriptions it is now known that Jayadeva received his education in Sanskrit poetry from a place called Kurmapataka, possibly near Konark in Odisha. These inscriptions narrate how Jayadeva had been a member of the faculty of the school at Kurmapataka. He might have studied there as well and it must have been right after his childhood education in Kenduli Sasan that he left for Kurmapataka and gained experience in composing poetry, music and dancing. Jayadeva was instrumental in popularizing the Dasavatara, the ten incarnations of Vishnu in another composition, furthermore, the classic Tribhangi posture of Krishna playing the flute gained popularity due to him. Two hymns of Jayadeva, have incorporated in the Guru Granth Sahib. The hymns are written in a mixture of Sanskrit and eastern Apabhramsa, there are records narrating how Jayadevas work had a profound influence on Guru Nanak during his visit to Puri. He also institutionalized the Devadasi system in Oriya temples, Sanskrit literature Jayadeva in Sikhism Bhakta Jayadeva,1938 and 1961 Telugu language films Sanskrit Scholars of Odisha Jayadéva. Media related to Jayadeva at Wikimedia Commons

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