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Lazy Talk
Wednesday, July 31, 2013
About Me
hisao m
Japanese Language
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skype: hisaoraincoat
hiragana katakana http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2013/12/hiragana-katakana.html Greetings http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2013/07/japanese-greetings.html
http://www.youtube.com/user/hcm9999 http://hcm9999.blogspot.com/ http://picasaweb.google.com/hcm9999
Basic Vocabulary http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2013/07/basic-vocabulary.html
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Learning Kanji http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2013/07/learning-kanji.html
Blog Archive
2017 (7)
Grammar http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2013/07/japanese-grammar.html
2016 (2) 2015 (3)
Japanese Grammar 2 http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2013/10/japanese-grammar-2.html
2014 (25) t 2013 (94) December (6)
Advice for the Proficiency Test http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2013/07/japanese-proficiency-test-study-one.html
November (5) October (5)
Kanji is overrated http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2013/05/kanji-is-overrated.html
September (4)
How to study Kanji http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2013/04/how-to-study-kanji.html
t July (23)
August (3) Japanese Language hiragana katakana
Is spoken language easier than written language? http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2013/06/is-spoken-language-easier-than-written.html
Japanese Phrasebook Japanese Basic Vocabulary
Japanese music http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2011/02/love-world-love-love-world-love-love.html
Learning Kanji Japanese Grammar Japanese Grammar 2
To rōmaji or not rōmaji? That is the question http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2014/01/to-romaji-or-not-romaji-that-is-question.html
Japanese Proficiency Test: study one level ABOVE t... Kanji is overrated
Do not study calligraphy http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2014/02/do-not-study-calligraphy.html
How to study kanji? Do not study Jōyō kanji
Honorific language http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2014/02/honorific-language.html
Is spoken language easier than written language? Japanese music
literal translation is wrong http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2014/04/literal-translation-is-wrong.html
humankind's legacy: only Chinese language will sur... TV commercial
No comments: Labels: JapaneseCourse
Japanese TV commercials Do not study calligraphy To rōmaji or not rōmaji? That is the question.
Tuesday, July 30, 2013
honorific language
hiragana katakana
i-adjective + : correct or not?
Download then print out the following PDF files. These files tell you how to write hiragana and katakana. happylilac.net/matome-50hiragana-a-no.pdf happylilac.net/matome-50hiragana-ha-nn.pdf happylilac.net/matome-50katakana-a-no.pdf happylilac.net/matome-50katakana-ha-nn.pdf
English versus Japanese
literal translation is wrong
February (2) January (4) 2012 (41) 2011 (72) 2010 (29)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hiragana_stroke_order http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Animations_of_katakana
u
e
o
ka ki ku ke ko sa shi su se so ta
chi tsu te
to
na ni nu ne no ha hi fu
he ho
ma mi mu me mo ya ra
yu ri
ru
yo re
wa
ro wo
n ba
bi bu
be bo
pa
pi pu
pe po
ga
gi gu
ge go
za
ji zu
ze zo
da
di zu
de do
kya
kyu
kyo
gya
gyu
gyo
rya
ryu
ryo
No comments: Labels: JapaneseCourse
Japanese Phrasebook HOME
Phrasebook (Ohayōgozaimasu) Good Morning. (Konnichiwa) Good Afternoon. (Konbanwa) Good Evening. (Oyasuminasai) Good night. --------- (Itadakimasu) Greeting before eating. (Gochisōsama)Greeting after eating. ---------(Ittekimasu) Greeting upon leaving a place. (Itte rasshai) Greeting to someone who is leaving. (Sayōnara) Good-bye. (Tadaima) I am home! (Okaerinasai) Welcome back. --------- (Sumimasen) Sorry, excuse me. (Gomennasai) I am sorry. (Mōshiwake arimasen) Forgive me. --------- (Arigatō) Thank you. (informal) (Arigatō gozaimasu) Thank you (formal). (Dōmo arigatō gozaimashita) Thank you (polite). (Dōitashimashite) You are welcome. (Gokurōsama) Thank you for your trouble (boss to an employee). (Otsukaresama) Thank you for your trouble (employee to boss). (Osaki ni shitsurei shimasu) Literally: sorry for leaving earlier. (Ojama shimasu) excuse me (when entering and leaving a house) (Hajimemashite) Used when meeting a person for the first time. (Yoroshiku onegai shimasu) expression of good-will and future cooperation (Onegai shimasu) Please. (Yōkoso) Welcome. (Irasshaimase) Come in. (said to a customer) ---------------AT THE RESTAURANT (Resutoran) Restaurant. (Mise) Shop. (Tenpo) Shop. (Shokudō) Dining room. (Shokuji) Meal. (Teikuauto) Takeout. (Haitatsu) Delivery. (Ryōri) Cooking; cuisine. (Kakaku) Price. (Menyū) Menu. (Atatakai ryōri) Hot meal. (Tsumetai ryōri) Cold meal. (Ryōri o chūmon suru) To order a meal. (Kanjō o harau) To pay the bill. (Kashi o hanbai suru) To sell candies. (Kane) Money. (Dezāto) Dessert. (Sūpu) Soup. (Sakana) Fish. (Niku) Meat. (Kyaku) Customer. (Okyakusama o annai suru) To guide the customer. (Tēburu) Table. (Yōshoku) Western food (Washoku) Japanese food. (Chōshoku) Breakfast. (Chūshoku) Lunch. (Yūshoku) Dinner. (Kōka na ryōriten) Expensive restaurant. (Ueitā) Waiter. (Shī fūdo resutoran) Sea food restaurant. (Bejitarian resutoran) Vegetarian restaurant. (Esunikku resutoran) Ethnic restaurant. (Chūka ryōriten) Chinese restaurant. (Furansu ryōriten) French restaurant. (Famirī resutoran) Family restaurant. (kissaten) cafe (kafe) cafe (Menrui) Noodles. (Karē raisu) Curry rice. (Donburi mono) A bowl of rice topped with meat, chicken, etc. (Teishoku) A set meal. (Bā) Bar. (Arukōru) Alcohol. (Bīru) Beer. (Wain) Wine. (sake o nomu) to drink alcohol. (shokuhin) food item. ---------AT THE POLICE (keisatsu) police. (keisatsukan) policeman. (keikan) policeman. (omawarisan) policeman. (keiji) a (police) detective. (patorōru kā) a police (patrol) car. (hanzai) crime. (higisha) suspect. (yōgisha) suspect. (muzai) innocent. (mokugekisha) eyewitness. (taiho) arrest. (kōban) police box. (hanzai no yobō) prevention of crime. (hannin no taiho) arrest of the criminal. (shimin) resident of a city. (kenmin) resident of a prefecture. (kokumin) resident of a country. (akisu) 1 Nest without a bird. 2 House with no people. (hōritsu) law. (dorobō) thief. (nusumu) steal. (dorobō ni nusumareta) I was robbed by a thief. (osou) attack. (otoko ni osowareta) I was attacked by a man. (tasukeru) save, rescue. (tasukete kudasai) Please save me. (keisatsu ni tsūhō suru) Report to the police. (keisatsu o yobu) to call the police. (jiko o keisatsu ni shiraseru) report an accident to the police. (kenjū) a pistol, a (hand) gun. (sōsa) a criminal investigation. (buki) weapon. (toire wa doko desuka) Where is the toilet? (basu teiryūjo wa doko desuka) Where is the bus stop? (yūbinkyoku o sagashiteimasu) I am looking for the post office. (kono chikaku ni hoteru arimasuka) Is there a hotel nearby? --------ON THE PHONE (moshi moshi) Hello. (shitsurei itashimasu) Excuse me. Pardon me. (very important! Used to end the call) (hai) yes. (Suzuki kaisha de gozaimasu) This is Suzuki Corporation. (osore irimasu ga) I am very sorry but... (onamae o okikasete itadakemasu deshōka) Could you say your name? (itsumo osewa ni natte orimasu) Thank you very much for your continuous support. (shōshō omachi kudasai) Please wait a moment. (omatase itashimashita) Sorry for making you wait. (sayō de gozaimasuka) Really? Is that so? (mōshi wake gozaimasen) I am terribly sorry. (kashikomarimashita) Yes, sir, I understand.
(mōshi wake gozaimasen. Ainiku Tanaka wa seki o hazushite orimasu) I am terribly sorry. Unfortunately Mr. Tanaka is not here right now. (san ji ni wa modoru yotei desu) He is supposed to be back at 3 o'clock. (mamonaku modorimasu) He will be back soon.
(modorimashitara, kochira kara renraku o sashiageru yōni itashimashōka) When he is back, would you like us to call you? (kochira kara) From here. (renraku o sashiageru) To give a call. (nen no tame) Just to be sure. (mō ichido) One more time. (onamae to gorenraku saki o ukagatte mo yoroshii deshōka) Can I ask your name and phone number? (watakushi, Satō ga uketamawarimashita) My name is Satō, I am the one who received your call. (shitsurei itashimasu) Excuse me. Pardon me. (very important! Used to end the call) an answering [a telephone answering] machine to introduce oneself. indoor wiring, extension a message; word business, matter, subject. a (telephone) receiver; a handset to call back ------ (hisashiburi) long time no see! (yokatta) That is good! What a relief! (mata ne) See you! (mattaku) indeed, really! (to express annoyance) (nani o yatte iru no da yo) what are you doing? (nani yattenda yo) what are you doing? (very rude) (nani itte iru no) What are you saying? (very rude) (nebō shimashita) I woke up late. (abunai) Look out! It is dangerous! (to iu wake de) in other words, because of that, for that reason (matte yo) wait for me! (hayaku) Hurry up! (sate to) So! By the way! (used to change the subject and start talking about something more important) (nani o shiyō ka) What shall we do? ... (are? hen ne...) What? That is weird.... (ittai dō shita no) What on earth happened to you? (ki no sei datta mitai) I think it was just my imagination. (do iu tsumori na no) What the hell are you trying to do? (sore wa taihen da) That is terrible! (iya yo) Absolutely not! (shitte iru yo) I know! (dōzo kochira e) This way, please. (zuibun yasui no ne) That is quite cheap! (onegai dakara, hayaku itte) I beg you, go fast please! (yoshi, korede daijōbu da) All right, then! Things seem to be fine now! (ne, mite yo) Hey, look at that! (kō shiyō) Let's do it like this! (medetashi medetashi) All is well that ends well! (hajimete kiita) That is first time I heard of such a thing! (ii no, ii no! enryo shinai de) That is allright, that is allright! Don't worry about it! (moshikashite) perhaps, possibly, by any chance. (jōzu ne) That is very good! You are so smart! You are so talented! (sonna koto nai desu) Absolutely not! (uso) That is a lie! I can't believe it! (ganbatte) Do your best! Good luck! No comments: Labels: JapaneseCourse
Monday, July 29, 2013
Japanese Basic Vocabulary ************** VERBS (kaku) write (yomu) read (iu) say (kiku) hear (miru) see, look (kau) buy (uru) sell (kasu) lend (kariru) borrow (hanasu) talk (kaeru) go back (kakusu) hide (akeru) open (shimeru) close (tsukau) use (nusumu) steal (hataraku) work (yasumu) rest (ugoku) move (tomaru) stop (neru) lie down (nemuru) sleep (okiru) wake up, get up (okosu) raise (suwaru) sit down (tatsu) stand up (tobu) jump (utau) sing (odoru) dance (taberu) eat (nomu) drink (kamu) bite, chew (motsu) have, hold (toru) take, have (sawaru) touch, feel (osu) push (hiku) pull (mawasu) turn, rotate (ireru) put sth into (dasu) take sth out of (nageru) throw (hazusu) take off, remove (ateru) hit, expose, apply (tsukamu) catch, hold of, (hanasu) let go (utsu) strike, hit (tataku) beat, knock (naguru) hit, strike (otosu) drop (kakeru) hang (sasu) point to (keru) kick (noru) get into a vehicle (ugokasu) move sth (tomeru) stop sth (haneru) jump (kowasu) break; destroy; (tsukuru) make , (naosu) (kesu) put out (nakusu) lose (hirou) pick up (oru) fold (mageru) bend (kiru) cut (chigiru) tear to pieces (kizamu) cut into fine pieces (tsukeru) fasten to (tsunagu) tie, faste (mazeru) mix (wakeru) divide (hiyasu) chill (atatameru) warm up (katameru) make hard (tokasu) dissolve (nuru) paint (kawakasu) dry (mukeru) turn (fuyasu) increase sth (herasu) reduce sth (hajimeru) begin sth (oeru) finish sth (isogu) hurry (mamoru) defend (umeru) bury (tatematsuru) present (samatageru) disturb (tsuchikau) raise (yadosu) be pregnant (shiru) know (kangaeru) think (oboeru) remember (wasureru) forget (omou) think (kanjiru) feel , (kanashimu) feel sad (naku) cry (warau) laugh (okoru) get angry (homeru) praise (yorokobu) be glad (nagusameru) console (akiru) lose interest (odoroku) be surprised (iku) go (kuru) come (hairu, iru) enter (deru) go out (susumu) advance (modoru) return (aruku) walk (hashiru) run (tobu) fly (oyogu) swim (okuru) send (todoku) reach, arrive (okuru) give (suku) get empty (komu) be crowded; (iru) want (sameru) awaken (kawaku) dry (midasu) disturb (midareru) fall into disorder (tsukaeru) serve (sonawaru) be furnished (sugureru) excel (hieru) get cold (sameru) get cold (muku) turn (taoreru) fall down (katamaru) harden (umaru) be buried (masu) increase (fueru) increase (hazureru) to come off (futoru) grow fat (yaseru) lose weight (hajimaru) begin (owaru) be over (kimeru) decide (yadoru) dwell; live (ai) love (koi) fall in love with (benkyō) study (gaman) bear, endure (riyō) use (kekkon) marry (rikon) divorce (sōji) clean (kenka) fight (kenkyū) research (kaimono) go shopping (kaiketsu) solve (jōtatsu) advance (unten) drive (jiman) boast (jama) obstruct (shinpai) worry (aisatsu) greet (akka) get worse (annai) guide (anshin) feel safe (antei) stabilize (bonyari) be absent-minded (boshū) recruit, raise (buntsū) correspond with (chūmon) order (ryokō) travel (chūi) pay attention (shippai) fail (rikai) understand ************** some counters (tsuitachi) 1st day of the month (ichinichi) 1 day (futsuka) 2nd day or 2 days (mikka) 3rd day or 3 days (yokka) (itsuka) (muika) (nanoka) (yōka) (kokonoka) (tooka) (hatsuka) All other days are pronounced as (jūichi nichi), the number in on-yomi followed by "nichi". There seems to be a discussion on how to pronounce the following: jūyokka or jūyon nichi? nijūyokka or nijūyon nichi? ************** LANGUAGES (nihongo) Japanese (eigo) English (chūgoku) Chinese (arabiago) Arabian (doitsugo) German (supeingo) Spanish (furansugo) French (kokugo) Japanese ************** (kitai) gas (ekitai) liquid (kotai) solid (mizu) water (yu) hot water (koori) ice (yuge) steam (hi) fire (gasu) gas (kūki) air (tsuchi) soil (kinzoku) metal (tetsu) iron (dō) copper (kin) gold (gin) silver (namari) lead (sutenresu) stainless steel (doro) mud (kemuri) smoke
************** (chōshoku) breakfast (chūshoku) lunch (yūshoku) dinner (asagohan) breakfast (hirugohan) lunch (bangohan) dinner (gohan) boiled rice, meal (honorific) (miso) fermented soybean paste (misoshiru) miso soup (sōzai) side dish , (okazu) side dish (ryōri) cooking; cuisine (tamagoyaki) omelet (medamayaki) a fried egg; a sunny-side up (yakizakana) a grilled [broiled] fish (dezāto) dessert (sandoitchi) sandwich (oyatsu) a snack; refreshments (kanshoku) snack ************** (shōjō) symptom (kenkō) health (byōki) disease (zutsū) headache (hatsunetsu) fever (enshō) inflammation (kaze) cold (kega) injury (fukutsū) stomachache (benpi) constipation (geri) diarrhea (kizu) wound ************** (kanjō) emotion (ureshii) glad (kanashii) sad , (sabishii) lonely , (kowai) frightening (itai) painful (kayui) itchy (kusai) stinks (tsurai) merciless (nagekawashii) deplorable (imawashii) disgusting , (osoroshii) terrible (hazukashii) embarrassed (koishii) beloved (kuyashii) regrettable (urameshii) reproachful (natsukashii) dear, fond, homesick (utoi) knows little of (nikurashii) hateful , (tanoshii) pleasant (hoshii) want (kegarawashii) dirty (kuruoshii) mad (hanahadashii) intense, blatant (kurushii) painful (kokoroyoi) pleasant , (nikui) hateful (nemui) sleepy (itamashii) pitiful (utomashii) repugnant ************** COLORS (iro) color (shiroi) white (kuroi) black (akai) red (aoi) blue (kiiroi) yelllow (midori) green (murasakiiro) purple (pinku) pink (chairo) brown ************** (higashi) east (nishi) west (minami) south (kita) north (migi) right (hidari) left (sayū) right and left (ue) up, top (shita) down,below (jōge) up and down (mae) front (ushiro) back (zengo) the front and the rear (naname) diagonal (temae) close to oneself (oku) inner part (naka) inside (uchi) inside (soto) outside (manaka) center (chūō) center (hashi) edge (waki) side (haba) width (takasa) height (okuyuki) depth ************** ADJECTIVES (ooi) many, a lot (sukunai) few , (nagai) long (mijikai) short , (yoi, ii) good (warui) bad (takai) high, tall (hikui) low, short (takai) expensive (yasui) cheap (ookii) big, large (chiisai) small (futoi) thick (for long objects) (hosoi) thin (atsui) thick (for flat objects) (usui) thin (furui) old (atarashii) new (wakai) young (karui) light (omoi) heavy (yasashii) easy (muzukashii) difficult (yasashii) gentle (kibishii) strict , (yawarakai) soft , , , (katai) hard (atsui) hot (tsumetai) cold (atsui) hot (samui) cold (suzushii) pleasantly cool (mushiatsui) hot and humid (oishii) delicious (umai) delicious (mazui) bad taste (amai) sweet (karai) spicy (shiokarai) salty (nigai) bitter (shibui) astringent (suppai) sour (hisashii) long time , (toboshii) scarce (iyashii) vulgar (uyauyashii) respectful (isogashii) busy , (ayashii) strange, suspicious (oshii) , (awatadashii) busy (tadashii) correct (hageshii) intense, severr (mezurashii) rare (hitoshii) equal (magirawashii) confusing (utsukushii) beautiful (uruwashii) beautiful (kanbashii) fragrant , (minikui) ugly (ichijirushii) remarkable (shitashii) close, friendly (kuwashii) detailed (mazushii) poor (kewashii) steep (tanomoshii) reliable , (marui) round , (nai) non-existent , (erai) admirable (osanai) young (tōtoi) noble (hiroi) wide (semai) narrow (tsuyoi) strong (yowai) weak (hayai) early (osoi) late, slow (hayai) fast (kurai) dark (akarui) bright (asai) shallow (fukai) deep (kiyoi) clean (kirei) clean (kitanai) dirty (isagiyoi) frank; open-hearted (koi) dark , heavy , thick (awai) light (kemui) smoky (arai) violent, rough (komakai) small, fine (kitsui) tight, severe, strict (yurui) loose (kashikoi) wise; clever; intelligent; (chikai) near; close (tooi) distant , far (nibui) dull, blunt (surudoi) sharp, pointed (asamashii) despicable (tondemonai) impossible, outrageous (arigatai) fortunate (isamashii) brave; courageous; gallant ************** (dōgu) tool (kugi) nail (himo) string (nawa) rope (fukuro) bag (kaban) briefcase, backpack,handbag (baggu) handbagpurse (kasa) umbrella (kagi) key (chōkoku) sculpture (hasami) scissors (tsumekiri) nail clippers ************** (kagu) furniture (tsukue) desk (shokutaku) dining table (tēburu) table (isu) chair (tatami) (kāpetto) carpet (furōringu) flooring (tansu) a chest of drawers; a wardrobe (kurōzetto) closet (hondana) bookshelf (makura) pillow (futon) futon (mōfu) blanket (beddo) bed (mattoresu) mattress (pajama) pajamas (yume) dream (akumu) nightmare (denki) an electric light (dentō) an electric light (kāten) curtain (fusuma) thick sliding door (shōji) a paper sliding door
************** HOUSE (jūkyo) a house; a residence; a home (sumai) family house, a residence, a home; (ie) house (apāto) apartment (manshon) apartment (yane) roof (tenjō) ceiling (kawara) roof tile (kabe) wall (hashira) column, pillar, post (yuka) floor (toko) bed (erebētā) elevator (esukarētā) escalator (to) door (doa) door (mado) window (genkan) entrance, front door (rōka)corridor (heya) room (ima) living room (ribingu) living room (dainingu rūmu) dining room (daidokoro) kitchen (kitchin) kitchen (shosai) library, studyroom (shinshitsu) bedroom (furo) bath (senmenjo) washroom (benjo) toilet (toire) toilet ************** FRUITS AND VEGETABLES (sakumotsu) crops; farm products (ine) rice plant (komugi) wheat (oomugi) barley (bakuga) malt (kudamono) fruit (ringo) apple (orenji) orange (mikan) mandarin orange (banana) banana (nashi) pear (momo) peach (kaki) persimmon (tomato) tomato (suika) watermelon (budō) grape (ichigo) strawberry (sutoroberī)strawberry (kuri) chestnut (jagaimo) potato (daikon) Japanese white radish (ninjin) carrot (mame) bean (daizu) soybean (azuki) adzuki bean (kyabetsu) cabbage (hakusai) Chinese cabbage (shiitake) shiitake mushroom (kyūri) cucumber (negi) long green onion (tamanegi) onion ************** PLANTS (shokubutsu) plant (kusa) grass (hana) flower (mi) seed, fruit (ki) tree (ha) leaf (ne) root (kuki) stem, stalk (take) bamboo (sugi) cedar (matsu) pine (sakura) cherry (ume) Japanese apricot (kinoko) mushroom (fuji) wisteria (kiku) chrysanthemum (momiji) maple (yanagi) willow (kiri) paulownia (hinoki) cypress (hasu) lotus ************** TIME (ima) now (kako) past (genzai) present (mirai) future (jikan) time (kūkan) space (shōrai) future (karendā) calendar (ji) hour (fun) minute (byō) second (hi) day (shū) week (tsuki) moon, month (toshi) year (seiki) century (asa) morning (ban) night (hiru) daytime, noon (yoru) nighttime, evening (shōgo) noon; midday (yūgata) evening (gozen) morning (gogo) afternoon (taiyō) sun (tsuki) moon (hoshi) star (wakusei) planet (inseki) meteorite (suisei) comet (chikyū) Earth (uchū) space, universe (uchūsen) spaceship (bōenkyō) telescope (tenki) weather (hare) fine; sunny; clear (ame) rain (kumori) cloudy (yuki) snow (mizore) sleet (kaze) wind (kaminari) thunder (taifū) typhoon (arashi) storm (sora) sky ************** ANIMALS (dōbutsu) animal (inu) dog (neko) cat (sakana) fish (tori) bird (zō) elephant (saru) monkey (raion) lion (shishi) lion (hebi) snake (ka) mosquito (uma) horse (shika) deer (buta) pig (kuma) bear (niwatori) chicken (ushi) cow, bull (hitsuji) sheep (tora) tiger (usagi) rabbit (kame) turtle (mushi) insect, bug (kai) shellfish (risu) squirrel (nezumi) rat, mouse (kujira) whale (iruka) dolphin (kirin) giraffe (sai) rhinoceros (hato) pigeon, dove (suzume) sparrow , (karasu) crow, raven (kiji) pheasant (washi) eagle (taka) hawk, falcon (ōmu) parrot (inko) parakeet (fukurō) owl (ahiru) duck (wani) crocodile , (ryū) dragon (tokage) lizard (kaeru) frog (kurage) jellyfish (kingyo) goldfish (iwashi) sardine (maguro) tuna (katsuo) bonito (koi) carp (sake) salmon (same) shark (kaigara) shell (ika) squid , (tako) octopus , (ebi) lobster (kani) crab (kumo) spider (ari) ant (mitsubachi) honeybee (chō) butterfly (tonbo) dragonfly (hotaru) firefly (hae) fly (gokiburi) cockroach (mimizu) earthworm (semi) cicada (suzumushi) a bell cricket ************** FAMILY (shinzoku) relative (oya) parent (ryōshin) one's parents (kodomo) child (chichi) father (haha) mother (otōsan) father (honorific) (okāsan) mother (honorific) (tsuma) wife (otto) husband (ani) older brother (ane) older sister (oniisan) older brother (honorific) (oneesan) older sister (honorific) (otōto) yonger brother (imōto) younger sister (kyōdai) siblings (shimai) sisters (sofu) one's grandfather (sobo) one's grandmother (ojiisan) grandfather (honorific) (ojiisan) old man (obaasan) grandmother (honorific) (obaasan) old lady (mago) grandchild , (oji) uncle , (oba) aunt (oi) nephew (mei) niece (itoko) cousin ************** WRITING (moji) letter, character (ji) letter, character (kanji) Chinese character (hiragana) the rounded Japanese phonetic syllabary (katakana) the angular Japanese phonetic syllabary (sūji) number (arufabetto) alphabet (rōmaji) Japanese written in Latin letters. (hon) book (kami) paper (fude) a writing brush (pen) pen (enpitsu) pencil (shāpen) mechanical pencil (bōrupen) ballpoint pen (keshigomu) eraser (jōgi) ruler (tegami) letter (shinbun) newspaper (jisho) dictionary (pasokon) computer ************** HUMAN BODY (karada) body (hada) skin (hifu) skin (atama) head (kao) face (me) eyes (kuchi) mouth (hana) nose (kuchibiru) lips (mimi) ear (shita) tongue (ha) tooth , , (hige) mustache, beard (kaminoke) hair (mayuge) eyebrow (hoho) cheek (mimitabu) earlobe (matsuge) eyelashes (ago) chin or jaw , (mabuta) eyelid (kubi) neck (kata) shoulders (ude) arm (hiji) elbow (te) hand (tekubi) wrist (te no kō) the back of the hand , (tenohira) the palm of the hand (yubi) finger (oyayubi) thumb (hitosashiyubi) index finger (nakayubi) middle finger (kusuriyubi) ring finger (koyubi) little finger (tsume) nail (hara) belly , (onaka) belly (mune) chest (senaka) back (koshi) lower back (shiri) buttocks (ashi) leg , (momo) thigh (hiza) knee , (sune) shin (ashikubi) ankle (kakato) heel (hone) bone (kinniku) muscle (shinzō) heart (kanzō) liver (jinzō) kidney (i) stomach (hai) lungs (chi) blood (chō) intestines ************** Days of the week Japanese and English days of the week have exactly the same meaning. Each day corresponds to a planet or celestial body. Sunday: Sun day Monday: Moon day Tuesday: Tiu (Mars) day Wednesday: Woden (Mercury) day Thursday: Thor (Jupiter) day Friday: Freya (Venus) day Saturday: Saturn day (nichiyōbi) Sunday (getsuyōbi) Monday (kayōbi) Tuesday (suiyōbi) Wednesday (mokuyōbi) Thursday (kinyōbi) Friday (doyōbi) Saturday ************** (kotoshi) this year (kongetsu) this month (konshū) this week (kyō) today (rainen) next year (raigetsu) next month (raishū) next week (ashita, asu) tomorrow (kyonen) last year (sakunen) last year (sengetsu) last month (senshū) last week (kinō) yesterday (ototoi) the day before yesterday (asatte) the day after tomorrow (maitoshi) every year (maitsuki) every month (maishū) every week (mainichi) every day (maikai) every time ************** (haru) spring (natsu) summer (aki) fall (fuyu) winter ************** (jōjun) the first ten days of a month (chūjun) the middle ten days of a month (gejun) the last ten days of a month ************** (heisei) 1989- present (shōwa) 1926-1989 (taishō) 1912- 1926 ************** (ningen) human (hito) person (otoko) man (onna) woman (kazoku) family ************** KITCHEN (naifu) table knife (fōku) fork (supūn) spoon (saji) spoon (hashi) chopsticks (coppu) glass (chawan) teacup ,(yunomi) a teacup; a cup (sara) plate (kōhī) coffee (gyūnyū) milk (miruku) milk (manaita) chopping board (hōchō) cooking knife (kome) rice (niku) meat (sakana) fish (butaniku) pork (sarada) salad (yasai) vegetables (tamago) eggs (pan) bread (yuderu) boil (taku) cook (yaku) bake (ageru) deep-fry (chōmiryō) seasoning (abura) oil (satō) sugar (shio) salt (shōyu)soy sauce (sōsu)sauce (koshō) pepper (karashi) mustard (wasabi) Japanese horseradish (mayonēzu) mayonnaise (kechappu) ketchup (tōgarashi) red pepper (hachimitsu) honey (ninniku) garlic (sanshō)Japanese pepper (shinamon) cinnamon (jinjā) ginger (shōga) ginger (doresshingu) dressing (chīzu) cheese (nabe) pan, pot (reizōko) refrigerator (konro) a portable cooking stove ************** DRIVING (kuruma) car (jidōsha) automobile (torakku) truck (jitensha) bicycle (hokōsha) pedestrian (baiku) motorcycle (basu) bus (hikōki) airplane (fune) boat (herikoputā) helicopter (chikatetsu) subway (takushī) taxi (densha) train (dōro) road (shadō) roadway (hodō) sidewalk (shingō) traffic light (akashingō) red light (kishingō) yellow light (aoshingō) green light (ōdan) to cross (ōdanhodō) crosswalk (kōsaten) intersection (fumikiri) railway crossing (kōtsū) traffic (jiko) accident (kōtsūjiko) traffic accident (menkyo) licence (unten) drive (unten menkyo shō) driving licence (keisatsu) police (kyūkyūsha) ambulance (shōbōsha) firefighter truck (patokā) police car (shīto beruto) seat belt ************** CLOTHES (kutsu) shoes (sunīkā) sneakers (kutsushita) socks (sukāto) skirt (zubon) trousers (pantsu) underpants (bōshi) hat (sangurasu) sunglasses (megane) glasses (waishatsu) white shirt (sūtsu) suit (nekutai) tie (sebiro) business suit (beruto) belt (zōri) Japanese straw sandals (sandaru) sandals (botan) button (kiru) put on, wear (nugu) take off, undress **************
already still very very probably surely always (sassoku) immediately (sugu) soon (isshoni) together
************** SENTENCE -FINAL PARTICLES Used in spoken language for emphasis or emotion. It is cheap! (yasui ne) reaction or confirmation (yasui na ) (yasui yo) emphasis (yasui zo) (yasui ze) (yasui wa) reaction, used by women (yasui wayo) (yasui wane) (yasui no) (yasui no) (yasui kashira) used by women (yasui kanaa) used by men (yasui kai) (yasui dai) (yasui noda) emphasis (yasuinda) No comments: Labels: JapaneseCourse
Learning Kanji Let's learn kanji. Pay attention to the number, order and direction of the strokes. Usually they are written from left to right, from top to bottom. http://happylilac.net/matome-k1-101.pdf (ichi) one http://kakijun.jp/page/0101200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/001.html (ni) two http://kakijun.jp/page/0205200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/064.html (san) three http://kakijun.jp/page/0302200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/024.html (shi, yon) four http://kakijun.jp/page/0544200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/026.html (go) five http://kakijun.jp/page/0409200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/019.html (roku) six http://kakijun.jp/page/0421200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/080.html (shichi, nana) seven http://kakijun.jp/page/0201200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/031.html (hachi) eight http://kakijun.jp/page/0208200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/069.html (kyū, ku) nine http://kakijun.jp/page/0204200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/011.html (jū) ten http://kakijun.jp/page/0211200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/034.html (hyaku) a hundred http://kakijun.jp/page/06111200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/070.html (sen) a thousand http://kakijun.jp/page/0316200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/048.html (man) ten thousand http://kakijun.jp/page/0305200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/226.html ************** NUMBERS (rei) zero (zero) zero (ichi) one (ni) two (san) three (shi, yon) four (go) five (roku) six (shichi, nana) seven (hachi) eight (kyū, ku) nine (jū) ten (hyaku) a hundred (sen) a thousand (man) ten thousand (oku) a hundred million (chō) a trillion (hitotsu) one (futatsu) two (mittsu) three (yottsu) four (itsutsu) five (muttsu) six (nanatsu) seven (yattsu) eight (kokonotsu) nine (too) ten -----------------CURIOSITY: What comes after ? Ichi, ni, san, etc is a way of counting that came from China. Hitotsu, futatsu, mittsu, etc is the original Japanese way of counting. So what comes after (ten)? According to this site it is (eleven) http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/ts/language/number/ancient_japanesej.html The numbers after are not used anymore in modern Japanese. **************
Each kanji may have more than one meaning, more than one pronunciation. Instead of trying to memorize each kanji individually, I think it is better to memorize full words. For each kaji below I have posted links to pages that show how the kanjis are written, and then listed some words where the kanjis are used. http://happylilac.net/matome-k1-111.pdf ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0459200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/065.html (hi) sun, day (kyō) today (ashita, asu) tomorrow (kinō) yesterday (mainichi) every day ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0460200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/016.html (tsuki) moon (getsuyōbi) Monday (getsumatsu) end of the month (tsukiakari) moonlight (maitsuki) every month ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0468200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/006.html (hi) fire (kasei) Mars (kayōbi) Tuesday (kasai) the destructive burning of a building, town, forest (kaji) accidental or criminal fire (kazan) volcano (hi no ko) sparks (hibana) sparks (yakedo) a burn ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0467200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/042.html (mizu) water (suisei) the planet Mercury (suiyōbi) Wednesday (suiei) swimming (suigin) mercury (chemical substance) (suisha) a waterwheel; a water mill (suiso) hydrogen (suihei) horizontal ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0461200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/073.html (ki) tree (mokusei) Jupiter (mokuyōbi) Thursday (kokage) the shade of trees (ko no ha) tree leaf (mokusei) made of wood ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/08208200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/022.html (kin) gold (kinsei) Venus (kin-yōbi) Friday (kanagu) metal fittings (kane) money (kanemochi) rich person (kingyō) goldfish (kingen) a wise saying; a maxim (kinko) a safe, a cash box; a vault. (kinzoku) metal ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0318200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/063.html (tsuchi) soil (dosei) Saturn (doyōbi) Saturday (dogeza suru) prostrate oneself on the ground (dosha kuzure) mudslide (dosoku) with one's shoes on (dodai) foundation ************ http://happylilac.net/matome-k1-121.pdf
http://kakijun.jp/page/0326200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/025.html (yama) mountain (sanchō) mountaintop (yamaba) turning point, climax (yamabiko) echo (takusan) many (tozan) mountain climbing ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0327200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/050.html (kawa) river (ama no gawa) Milky Way (kawazoi) riverside ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/ishi200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/046.html (ishi) stone (sekitan) coal (sekiyu) petroleum (sekken) soap (jishaku) magnet (hōseki) a precious stone, a jewel ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/08196200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/013.html (sora) sky (akikan) empty can (akisu) a sneak thief (kara) empty (karaoke) empty orchestra, karaoke (karate) empty hands, karate (kūkan) space (kūki) air --------- (yū) evening http://kakijun.jp/page/0320200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/047.html (yūgata) evening (yūkan) evening paper (yūshoku) supper; dinner (yūhi) the setting sun (yūbe) evening (yūyami) dusk ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0441200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/061.html (ten) sky (tenki) weather (tensai) genius (tenshi) emperor (tenjō) ceiling (tennen) natural (tennō) emperor (tenbiki) deduction ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/ame200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/003.html (ooame) heavy rain (kosame) light rain (tsuyu) the rainy season (amazarashi) exposed to the weather ************ http://happylilac.net/matome-k1-131.pdf
http://kakijun.jp/page/0321200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/055.html (ookii) big, large (oomisoka) the last day of the year (oomoji) uppercase letter (ooyuki) heavy snow (otona) a grown-up; an adult (otonashii) quiet, gentle, well-behaved (daigaku) university (taiki) atmosphere ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0404200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/059.html (naka) inside (mannaka) the center (shūchū) concentration (chūko) secondhand (chūgakkō)middle school (senaka) the back (of the human body) ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0325200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/037.html (chiisai) small (shōsetsu) novel (saishō) the smallest (shōgakkō) elementary school (shōsūten) decimal point ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0303200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/039.html (ue) up (zujō) above the head (jōshi) one's superior; one's boss; (toshiue) older than (ageru) to raise, to lift (uwamawaru) to exceed, to surpass ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0301200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/015.html (shita) down (kahanshin) the lower half of the body, below the waist. (chikatsetsu) subway (geri) diarrhea (shitagi) underwears, underclothes (sageru) to lower ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/migi200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/076.html (migi) right (sayū) right and left (migigawa) right side (uha) political right wing ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/hidari200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/023.html (hidari) left (sasetsu suru) turn left (hidari kiki) left-handed person ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0595200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/068.html (shiro) white (shiraga) white hair (shirokuma) polar bear (shiromi) the white of an egg (hakujin) Caucasian (kūhaku) blank (keppaku) pure, innocent ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/08212200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/044.html (ao) blue (aozameru) turn pale (aoshingō) green light (aozora) blue sky (seishunki) adolescence (seinen) youn man ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/07165200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/045.html (aka) red (akage) red hair (akaji) deficit (akashingō) red light (akachan) baby (aka no tanin) complete stranger (sekigaisen) infrared rays (sekidō) equator ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0422200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/004.html
(en) yen (Japanese currency) (marui) round (enshū) circumference (enchū) column (entō) cylinder (daen) ellipse ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0587200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/012.html (tama) ball (otoshidama) New Year's gift (oyadama) the chief; the boss (medama) eyeball (shabondama) soap bubble (tamanegi) onion ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/09205200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/002.html (oto) sound (otosata) news (ongaku) music (onsei) sound; a voice; speech (neiro) tone, timbre (onpa) sound wave (ashioto) sound of footsteps (zatsuon) noise (shiin) consonant (boin) vowel (hatsuon) pronunciation ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0691200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/052.html (hayai) early (sassoku) at once (hayaoki suru) get up early; rise early (hayaokuri) fast-forward (hayakuchi) to speak fast (hayamaru) to advance ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/sei200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/038.html (tadashii) correct (shōgatsu) January (shōgo) noon; midday (shōjiki) honesty (shōmen) the front (seikai) right answer (seikaku) correct, exact (seigi) justice ************ http://happylilac.net/matome-k1-dosyokubutu.pdf
http://kakijun.jp/page/0472200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/018.html (inu) dog (inugoya) doghouse; a kennel (kenshi) cuspid; canine tooth (makeinu) loser (mōdōken) guide dog for the blind ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/06128200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/058.html (mushi) insect, bug (mushiba) cavity in tooth, ecayed tooth (mushimegane) magnifying glass (mushiyoke) insect repellent;insecticide (ujimushi) maggot (kiseichū)parasitic worm (konchū) insect, bug (satchūzai) insecticide; a pesticide ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/hana200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/007.html (hana) flower (kabin) flower vase (kafun) pollen (kaben) flower petal (hanabi) fireworks (hanami) flower viewing (hanaya) florist (hanayome) bride (ikebana) flower arrangement (hibana) spark ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/06112200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/057.html (take) bamboo (takenoko) bamboo shoot ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0589200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/043.html (ikiru) live (ikinokoru) survive (ikimono) living being (umareru) be born (shōga) ginger (seikatsu) daily living (seisan) production (seizonsha) survivor (seito) pupil, student (seinengappi) the date of one's birth (isshō) a lifetime; one's whole life (eisei) hygiene (gakusei) student ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0965200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/051.html (kusa) grass (kusakari) mowing (kusatori) weeding (sōkō) draft, manuscript (sōshoku) herbivorous (zassō) weeds (shigusa) behaviour (tabako) cigarette ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/07164200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/008.html (kai) shellfish (kaigara) shell ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/08159200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/079.html (hayashi) woods (shinrin) a forest; a wood; woods ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/12117200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/040.html (mori) forest ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/ta200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/062.html (ta) rice field (inaka) countryside, rural districts (taue) rice planting (tahata) fields (den-en) rural districts (oden) oden; a Japanese dish containing all kinds of ingredients cooked in a special broth of soy sauce, sugar, sake, etc. ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0676200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/067.html (toshi) year (toshiake) early in the new year (toshiyori) an old person (nengajō) New Year's card (nenkin) pension, annuity (nenmatsu) end of the year (nenrei) age (uruudoshi) leap year (onaidoshi) same age (sakunen) last year ************ http://happylilac.net/dousa-matome-k1-15.pdf
http://kakijun.jp/page/07159200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/017.html miru see (kenkai) opinion (miai) a (formal) meeting with a view to marriage (miataru) come across, find (miokuru) see a person off; give a person a send-off (mikudasu) look down on; despise (migoto) excellent; fine, splendid (misomeru) fall in love at first sight (midashi) headline (mitsukeru) find out, discover (mihon) sample (iken) opinion (kisha kaiken) press conference (hakken) discovery (henken) prejudice; bias ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/05105200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/078.html (tatsu) stand (tachiagaru) get up; stand up; rise (tachiiru) trespass (tachiba) situation; position (rippa) excellent; splendid, magnificent (kakuritsu suru) establish; build up (kondate) menu (jiritsu) independence ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0612200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/010.html (yasumu) rest (kyūka) holiday, a day off, vacation (kyūkei) a rest, a recess, a break (kyūjitsu) a holiday; a day off (nenjūmukyū) open all the year round (renkyū) consecutive holidays ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0207200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/066.html (hairu, iru) enter (iriguchi) entrance (irezumi) tattoo (nyūin suru) be hospitalized (nyūkyosha) tenant (kinyū) an entry (kōnyū) purchase (shūnyū) income ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0518200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/035.html (deru) go out (shukkin suru) go to one's office; go to work (shukketsu) bleeding (shussan) childbirth (shusse) success in life (shusseki) attendance; presence (shuppatsu) departure (shutsuryoku) output (deau) to meet with (dekiagaru) to be completed (dekigoto) an occurrence, an incident; a happening; (deguchi) an exit; a way out (omoide) a memory; recollections ************ http://happylilac.net/matome-k1-161.pdf
http://kakijun.jp/page/0317200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/020.html (kuchi) mouth (kuchikomi) word of mouth (kuchibeni) lipstick (iriguchi) entrance (jaguchi) tap, faucet (jinkō) population (sodeguchi) cuff (deguchi) exit (hitokuchi) mouthful, a bite (mukuchi) taciturn; reticent; silent (warukuchi) slander; verbal abuse ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0206200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/041.html (hito) person (jinkaku) character, personality (jinken) human rights (jinkō) artificial (jinzai) talented person (jinshu) a race; an ethnic group (jinsei) life (jinrui) humankind (aijin) lover (akunin) a bad [wicked] person; a villain (uchūjin) creature from outer space (kyūjin) job offer (koibito) boyfriend, girlfriend (shinin) dead person (shujin) the head of a family, one's husband ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0453200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/033.html (te) hand (shujutsu) surgical operation (shudan) means (shudō) hand-operated, manually-operated (shuriken) shuriken, a throwing knife (teate) medical treatment (tegaki) handwriting (tegami) letter (tekubi) wrist (tegoro) handy, convenient, suitable (tejun) an order; plan; arrangements; process; procedure (tesūryō) fee, charge ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0588200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/074.html (me) eyes (ma no atari) in front of one's own eyes (mabuta) eyelid (meue) one's superior (mezasu) to aim, to head for (mezameru) to wake up (medamayaki) a fried egg; a sunny-side up (mokugekisha) eyewitness ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/mimi200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/030.html (mimi) ear (mimiaka) earwax (mimikaki) earpick (mimisen) earplug (mimitabu) earlobe ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/07167200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/053.html (ashi) leg (ashiato) footprint (ashioto) the sound of footsteps (ashikubi) ankle (ashiba) foothold (ashi o hakobu) to go, to come, to visit (tashizan) addition (tasu) add (tarinai) insufficient (suimin busoku) lack of sleep ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0323200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/027.html (ko) child (koinu) puppy (kodomo) child (isu) chair (idenshi) gene (ōji) prince (oyako) parent and child (genshi) atom (sensu) folding fan (denshi) electron (futago) twins ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/07149200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/056.html (otoko) man (danjo) men and women (dansei) man (jinan) one's second son (chōnan) one's oldest son ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0322200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/036.html (onna) woman (onna no ko) girl, daughter (joō) queen (joshi) girl (josei) woman (joyū) actress (megami) goddess (ama) woman diver (kanojo) she, girlfriend (majo) a witch; a sorceress (rō nyaku nan nyo) young and old of both sexes ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0473200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/005.html (ō) king (ōkan) crown (ōkyū) palace (ōsama) your majesty ************ http://happylilac.net/bunka-matome-k1-18.pdf
http://kakijun.jp/page/07169200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/032.html (kuruma) car (kurumaisu) wheelchair (shako) garage (sharin) wheel (kyūkyūsha) ambulance (jitensha) bicycle (jidōsha) automobile (densha) electric train (haguruma) a gear (wheel); a cogwheel (basha) a horse-drawn carriage; a coach (fūsha) windmill ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0455200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/075.html (bun) sentence (bunka) culture (bungaku) literature (bunsho) document (bunshō) sentence; writing; composition (buntsū) correspondence (bunpō) grammar (bunbōgu) stationery; writing materials (bunmyaku) context (bunmei) civilization (sakubun) composition (chūmon) commercial order to buy something (ronbun) essay, thesis ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0665200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/029.html (ji) letter, character (jimaku) captions, subtitles (moji) letter, character (oomoji) uppercase letters (komoji) lowercase letter (kanji) kanji (sūji) number (rōmaji) Latin letters ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0575200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/071.html (hon) book (honki de) seriously; in earnest (honjitsu) today (honsha) the head [main] office (hondana) bookshelf (hontō ni) really; truly; actually (honnin) the person oneself (honnen) this year (honnō) instinct (honmono) genuine, real ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0651200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/072.html (na) name (nazukeru) to name (nafuda) name card; identification tag (namae) name (myōji) surname (meisaku) masterpiece (meiyo) honorfame, distinction (atena) addressee; an address (kana) hiragana and katakana (katakana) the angular Japanese phonetic syllabary (hiragana) the rounded Japanese phonetic syllabary (furigana) kana written next or above kanji to show the pronunciation (seimei) full name (yūmei) famous; well-known; celebrated; notorious ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0210200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/077.html (chikara) strength (rikishi) sumo wrestler (atsuryoku) pressure (gakuryoku) scholastic [academic] ability (kyōryoku) cooperation (genshiryoku) atomic [nuclear] energy [power] (tairyoku) physical strength; stamina (denryoku) electric power; electricity (doryoku) effort, endeavor, exertion ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0861200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/009.html (manabu) study (gakusha) scholar (gakushū suru) learn; study (gakureki) one's school [academic] background (gakkō) school (igaku) medicine (kagaku) chemistry (kagaku) science (sūgaku) mathematics (butsurigaku) physics (seibutsugaku) biology ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/10128200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/021.html (kōsha) a schoolhouse; a school building (kōsei) proofreading (kōchō) school principal (yobikō) a cramming [coaching] school ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/0625200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/049.html (saki) ahead (sakihodo) a short while ago (sengetsu) last month (senjitsu) the other day; some days [time] ago (senshū) last week ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/06114200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/028.html (ito) thread (keito) woolen yarn ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/06101200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/014.html (kiatsu) atmospheric pressure (kikubari) attention; care (kikō) weather (kizetsu) faint (kitai) gas (kizuku) notice, become awareperceive (ki no doku) pitiful, pitiable (kibun) feeling (kimochi) feeling (kehai) a sign; an indication ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/07130200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/054.html (mura) village (murahachibu) ostracism (shichōson) cities, towns and villages; municipalities (murabito) villager ---------http://kakijun.jp/page/07150200.html http://jiten.go-kanken.com/kanji/060.html (machi) town (machikado) a street corner ************** the left-hand side [radical] of a Chinese character a radical (of a Chinese character) the number of strokes in a Chinese character ************** (hito) person (ki) tree (yasumu) rest A person under a tree is resting. (ta) rice field (chikara) strength (otoko) man A man is someone who works in the rice fields. (onna) woman (ko) child (suki) like Women like children. (ichi) one (tomaru) stop (tadashii) correct There is only one correct answer where you can stop searching. (tatsu) stand (ki) tree miru see (oya) parent A parent will climb a tree to watch the children. (ki) tree (onna) woman (sakura) cherry woman watching the flowers falling from the tree --------http://homepage1.nifty.com/hottayukio/kanji.htm 2 comments: Labels: JapaneseCourse
Sunday, July 28, 2013
Japanese Grammar FORMAL (desu) is (deshita) was (dewa arimasen) is not (dewa arimasen deshita) was not INFORMAL (da) is (datta) was (dewa nai) is not (dewa nakatta) was not (kore wa hon desu) (kore wa hon da) This is a book. (kore wa hon deshita) (kore wa hon datta) This was a book. (kore wa hon dewa arimasen) (kore wa hon dewa nai) This is not a book. (kore wa hon dewa arimasen deshita) (kore wa hon dewa nakatta) This was not a book. In spoken language (dewa) is often replaced by (ja) (kore wa hon ja nakatta) (kore wa hon ja nai) (kore wa hon ja arimasen) ************** QUESTION FORM (kore wa hon desu ka) Is this a book? (kore) this. Close to the speaker. (sore) that. Close to the listener. (are) that. Far from the speaker and listener. (kore wa nan desu ka) What is this? (sore wa enpitsu desu) That is a pencil. (sore wa nan desu ka) What is that? (kore wa keshigomu desu) This is an eraser. (are wa jisho desu ka) Is that a dictionary? (iie, are wa jisho dewa arimasen) No, that is not a dictionary. (are wa shōsetsu desu) That is a novel. (kore wa kaban desu ka) Is this a bag?
Yes, that is a bag. **************
(kore) this (close to the speaker) (sore) that (close to the hearer) (are) that (far from the speaker and the hearer) (dore) which? (dore ga hon desuka) Which one is the book? (kore ga hon desu) This one is the book. (koko) here (soko) there (asoko) over there (doko) where? (toire wa doko desuka) Where is the toilet? (toire wa asoko desu) The toilet is over there. (koko ga daidokoro desu) Here is the kitchen. (soko wa shinshitsu desu) That is a bedroom. (kotchi) this way (sotchi) that way (atchi) that way over there (dotchi) which way? (kotchi da) This way! (sotchi e iku) I will go over there (to your place)
Face that way! (kochira) this way (sochira) that way (achira) that way over there (dochira) which way? (kochira wo goran kudasai) Please look this way. (kono) this (sth/sb) (sono) that (sth/sb) (ano) that (sth/sb) (dono) which (sth/sb)? (kono hon) This book (sono enpitsu) That pencil (ano nōto) That notebook (konnna) this kind of (sonna) that kind of (anna) that kind of (donna) what kind of? (konna toki) In a time like this (kō) like this (sō) like that (aa) like that (dō) How? ************** HONORIFICS (keigo) special words and expressions to denote respect. (sonkeigo) honorific language, when referring to the listener. (kenjōgo) humble language, when referring to oneself. (teineigo) polite language, when referring to objects. (san): Mr. or Mrs. It is the most used form. It is short of . (sama): more polite than . (dono): more polite than . (onchū): used for the names of companies or organizations. Examples: (Tanaka san) Mr. Tanaka (Uchida sama) Mr. Uchida (Itō dono) Mr. Itō (gūguru onchū) Dear sirs from Google Organization titles can also be used as honorifics (shachō) president (buchō) manager (kachō) head of a section Examples: (Satō shachō) president Satō Most books recommend to not overuse honorifics, the so-called (double honorifics) but some people end up using it, especially in spoken language. Example: (buchō san) Mr. manager ************** You can be more polite by prefixing the words with . For example: (okagesama) thankfully (okyakusama) customer (ojōsama) daughter But some words seem to be unnecessarily too polite. (gohan) rice, meal (onaka) belly (okane) money (oide) come (ouchi) house (otaku) house, nerd (okazu) side dish (okama) gay man (ojigi) bow (oshikko) pee (oshaberi) talk (osekkai) impertinence (ocha) tea (otsuri) money change ************** ADJECTIVES There are 2 types of adjectives: i-adjectives and na-adjectives. I-adjectives end with i. Na-adjectives require (na) between the adjective and the following noun. Some na-adjectives end with i. Examples of i-adjectives: (takai) expensive, tall (tsuyoi) strong Examples of na-adjectives: (shizuka) quiet (genki) healthy (kirei) beautiful I-ADJECTIVES (INFORMAL) (takai) is expensive (takakatta) was expensive (takakunai) is not expensive (takakunakatta) was not expensive The car is expensive.
I-ADJECTIVES (FORMAL) (takai desu) is expensive (takakatta desu) was expensive (takaku arimasen) is not expensive (takaku arimasen deshita) was not expensive NA-ADJECTIVES (INFORMAL) (shizuka da) is quiet (shizuka datta) was quiet (shizuka dewa nai) is not quiet (shizuka dewa nakatta) was not quiet NA-ADJECTIVES (FORMAL) (shizuka desu) is quiet (shizuka deshita) was quiet (shizuka dewa arimasen) is not quiet (shizuka dewa arimasen deshita) was not quiet examples (shinsetsu na hito) kind person (kirei na josei) beautiful woman (omoshiroi hanashi) interesting talk (chikai yūbinkyoku) nearby post office (otoko wa tsuyoi ) The man is strong. (otoko wa tsuyokatta) The man was strong. (otoko wa tsuyokunai) The man is not strong. (otoko wa tsuyokunakatta) The man was not strong. ************** Japanese verbs can be classified in 3 groups: - Group 1 - Group 2 - Irregular All group 2 verbs end with "iru" or "eru". There are only 2 irregular verbs: (suru) and (kuru). All other verbs are group 1. Some group 1 verbs also end with "iru" or "eru", you have to look up in the dictionary to see which group they belong. ************** FORMAL GROUP 1 VERBS (kaku) write (informal) (kakimasu) write (formal) (kakimashita) wrote (kakimasen) don't write (kakimasen deshita) didn't write GROUP 2 VERBS (miru) see (informal) (mimasu) see (formal) (mimashita) saw (mimasen) don't see (mimasen deshita) didn't see IRREGULAR VERB () (suru) do (informal) (shimasu) do (formal) (shimashita) did (shimasen) don't do (shimasen deshita) didn't do IRREGULAR VERB () (kuru) come (informal) (kimasu) come (formal) (kimashita) came (kimasen) don't come (kimasen deshita) didn't come (watashi wa hon o kakimasu) I write a book. (kare wa hon o kakimashita) He wrote a book. (anata wa hon o kakimasen) You don't write a book. (watashi tachi wa hon o kakimasen deshita) We didn't write a book. ************** INTERROGATIVE To ask a question, just place (ka) at the end of the sentence. (anata wa hon o kakimasu ka) Do you write books? (hai, kakimasu) Yes, I do. (iie, kakimasen) No, I don't. (kare wa hon o kakimashita ka) Did he write a book? (hai, kakimashita) Yes, he did. (iie, kakimasen deshita) No, he didn't. ************** HOW TO ANSWER NEGATIVE QUESTIONS Be careful! You answer in the opposite way of English. (anata wa hon o kakimasen ka) Don't you write books? (hai, kakimasen) No, I don't. (iie, kakimasu) Yes, I do. (anata tachi wa hon o kakimasen deshita ka) Didn't you write a book? (hai, kakimasen deshita) No, I didn't. (iie, kakimashita) Yes, I did. ************** THE TE-FORM/ TA-FORM There are several rules to make the te-form depending on the group and the ending of the verb. For verbs of the group 1 ending in: - su: / - ku: / (exception: /) - gu: / - mu / bu / nu : / - tsu / u / ru: / For verbs of the group 2: / For irregular verbs: /, / Examples: Group 1 verbs ending in su: replace su for shite. / (hanasu/hanashite) talk Group 1 verbs ending in ku: replace ku for ite. / (aruku/aruite) walk Exception: / (iku/itte) go Group 1 verbs ending in gu: replace gu for ide. / (oyogu/oyoide) swim Group 1 verbs ending in mu, bu or nu: replace the ending for nde. / (nomu/nonde) drink Group 1 verbs ending in tsu, u or ru: replace the ending for tte. / (matsu/matte) wait Group 2 verbs: replace ru for te. / (taberu/tabete) eat Irregular verbs / (suru/shite) do / (kuru/kite) come The ta-form (informal negative) can be made by replacing the last e for a in the te-form. Examples: / (hanashite/hanashita) / (aruite/aruita) / (itte/itta) ************** INFORMAL GROUP 1 (kaku) write (kaita) wrote (kakanai) don't write (kakanakatta) didn't write GROUP 2 VERBS (miru) see (mita) saw (minai) don't see (minakatta) didn't see IRREGULAR VERB () (suru) do (shita) did (shinai) don't do (shinakatta) didn't do IRREGULAR VERB () (kuru) come (kita) came (konai) don't come (konakatta) didn't come (watashi wa hoshi o miru) I see the star. (watashi wa hoshi o mita) I saw the star. (watashi wa hoshi o minai) I don't see the star. (watashi wa hoshi o minakatta) I didn't see the star. ************** GROUP 1 (kaku) write (kakareru) to be written (kakaseru) make someone write (kakeru) can write (kake) write! (kakinasai) please write (kakō) let's write (kakeba) if (you) write GROUP 2 (miru) see (mirareru) to be seen (misaseru) make someone see (mirareru) can see (miro) see! (minasai) please see (miyō) let's see (mireba) if (you) see IRREGULAR VERB () (suru) do (sareru) to be done (saseru) make someone do (dekiru) can do (shiro) do! (shinasai) please do (shiyō) let's do (sureba) if (you) do IRREGULAR VERB () (kuru) come (korareru) to be come (kosaseru) make someone come (korareru) can come (koi) come! (kinasai) please come (koyō) let's come (kureba) if (you) come (hon o yomu) read a book (kare ni yomareru) to be read by him (kanojo ni yomaseru) to make her read (eigo ga yomeru) can read English (hayaku yome) read fast! (imperative) (shinbun o yominasai) please read the newspapers. (zasshi o yomō) Let's read magazines. (kiji o yomeba) if you read the article... ************** PASSIVE FORM Group 1 verbs: replace the last u for areru. / (yomu/yomareru) Group 2 verbs: replace the last ru for rareru. / (miru/mirareru) Irregular verbs: / (suru/sareru), / (kuru/korareru) / (kaku/kakareru) write/be written (sakka ni kakareru) to be written by a writer / (yobu/yobareru) call/be called (okaasan ni yobareru) to be called by the mother / (miru/mirareru) see/be seen (otōsan ni mirareru) to be seen by the father / (tomeru/tomerareru) stop/be stopped (keisatsukan ni tomerareru) to be stopped by the police. /(shikaru/shikarareru) scold/be scolded (sensei ni shikarareru) to be scolded by the teacher ************** CAUSATIVE FORM Group 1 verbs: replace u for aseru Group 2 verbs: replace ru for saseru Irregular verbs: / (suru/saseru), / (kuru/kosaseru) (kaku) write (kakaseru) make someone write (nomu) drink (nomaseru) make someone drink (yomu) read (yomaseru) make someone read (miru) see (misaseru) make someone see (neru) lie down (nesaseru) make someone lie down (oboeru) remember (oboesaseru) make someone remember
watashi wa anata ni tegami o kakaseru. I make you write a letter.
watashi wa anata ni tegami o misaseru. I make you see the letter.
watashi wa anata ni shigoto o saseru. I make you work.
watashi wa anata o kosaseru. I make you come. ************** CAUSATIVE + PASSIVE () (kaku) write (kakaseru) make someone write (kakaserareru) to be forced to write (nomu) drink (nomaseru) to make someone drink (nomaserareru) to be forced to drink (yomu) read (yomaseru) to make someone read (yomaserareru) to be forced to read (miru) see (misaseru) make someone see (misaserareru) to be forced to see (neru) lie down (nesaseru) make someone lie down (nesaserareru) to be forced to lie down (oboeru) remember (oboesaseru) make someone remember (oboesaserareru) to be forced to remember ---For group-1 verbs there is also another form of causative+passive: (yomu) read (yomasu) contracted form (yomasareru) to be forced to read ************** POTENTIAL FORM Group 1 verbs: replace the last u for eru. / (yomu/yomeru) Group 2 verbs: replace the last ru for rareru. / (miru/mirareru) Irregular verbs: / (suru/dekiru), / (kuru/korareru) (kaku) write (kakeru) can write (iku) go (ikeru) can go (hanasu) talk (hanaseru) can talk (miru) see (mirareru) can see (neru) go to bed (nerareru) can go to bed ************** IMPERATIVE FORM Group 1 verbs: replace the last u for e. / (yomu/yome) Group 2 verbs: replace the last ru for ro. / (miru/miro) Irregular verbs: / (suru/shiro), / (kuru/koi) (kaku) write (kake) write! (iku) go (ike) go! (hanasu) talk (hanase) talk! (miru) see (miro) see! (neru) go to bed (nero) go to bed! ************** MORAU/ITADAKU (morau) receive (plain) (itadaku) receive (polite) (moratta) received (itadaita) received
watashi wa yamamoto san ni hon o moratta. I received a book from Mr. Yamamoto.
watashi wa yamamoto san ni hon o itadaita. I received a book from Mr. Yamamoto.
watashi wa yamamoto san ni kuruma o moratta. I received a car from Mr. Yamamoto.
watashi wa sensei ni kuruma o moratta. I received a car from the teacher. ----------------The subject is always the first person or someone the speaker empathizes with. So it is wrong to say: Anata wa watashi ni hon o moratta. You received a book from me. ---------------Morau/itadaku can be used as auxiliary verbs. (kau) buy (katte morau) to have someone buy for me.
Watashi wa chichi ni kamera o katte moratta. My father bought a camera for me. (kasu) lend (kashite itadaku) to have someone lend to me
watashi wa anata ni kuruma o kashite itadaita. You lent a car to me. ************** CAUSATIVE + ITADAKU The causative + / is a special structure to express politeness. (morau) I receive (less polite) (itadaku) I receive. (more polite) (itadakitai) I'd like to receive. (suru) to do (saseru) to make someone do (sasete itadaku) to do (literally: to receive the order to do) (sasete itadakitai) I'd like your permission to do (literally: I'd like you to make me do something) (yasumasete moraitai) I'd like (your permission) to rest. (yomasete itadakitai) I'd like (your permission) to read. (kakasete moraitai) I'd like (your permission) to write. ************** GROUP 1 (kaku) write (kakinasai) please write GROUP 2 (miru) see (minasai) please see IRREGULAR VERB () (suru) do (shinasai) please do IRREGULAR VERB () (kuru) come (kinasai) please come ************** kureru/kudasaru / (anata wa hon o kureru) You give me a book. (mizu o kudasai) Please give me water. ************** Some verbs are irregular in the masu-form to do (polite) (nasaru) (nasaimasu) to give (polite) (kudasaru) (kudasaimasu) to say (polite) (ossharu) (osshaimasu) to be (polite) (gozaru) (gozaimasu) to go (polite) (irassharu) (irasshaimasu) ************** AUXILIARY VERBS (aruku) walk (aruki-masu) walk (aruki-tai) want to walk (aruki-yasui) easy to walk (aruki-nikui) difficult to walk (aruki-zurai) difficult to walk (aruki-gatai) impossible to walk (aruki-hajimeru) start to walk (aruki-owaru) finish walking (aruki-sugiru) walk too much (watashi wa kono hon o yomitai) I want to read this book. (kono hon wa yomiyasui) This book is easy to read. (kono hon wa yominikui) This book is difficult to read. (watashi kono hon o yomihajimeta) I started reading this book. (watashi kono hon o yomiowatta) I finished reading this book. (watashi wa yomisugita) read too much I read too much. (suru) do (shi-masu) do (shi-tai) want to do (neru) lie down (ne-masu) lie down (ne-tai) want to lie down (kaku) write (kaki-masu) write (kaki-tai) want to write ************** RELATIVE CLAUSE (otoko wa hon o yomu) The man reads a book. (hon o yomu otoko) The man who reads a book (otoko ga yomu hon) The book the man reads ---------- (okiru) get up, wake up. (watashi wa okiru) I wake up. (okiru watashi) I, who wake up, (okita watashi) I, who woke up, (okiteiru watashi) I, who is awaken, -------------- (aruku) walk (hito wa aruku) A person walks. (aruku hito) A person who walks (aruku hito wa kenkō da) People who walk are healthy. ------------- (taberu) eat (rāmen o taberu) to eat noodles. (hito wa rāmen o taberu) A person eats noodles. (rāmen o taberu hito) A person who eats noodles. (rāmen o tabeteiru hito wa gakusei da) The person who is eating noodles is a student. (hito ga tabeteiru rāmen wa oishisō da) The noodles the person is eating looks delicious. ************** / (yaru/ageru) I give / (morau/itadaku) I receive / (kureru/kudasaru) give to me Yaru, morau and kureru are the plain forms. Ageru, itadaku and kudasaru are the polite forms. For yaru/ageru and morau/itadaku, the subject is always the speaker or someone the speaker empathizes with. For kureu/kudasaru the receiver is always the speaker or someone the speaker empathizes with. -------(watashi wa anata ni hon o yaru) (plain) I give you a book. (watashi wa anata ni hon o ageru) (polite) I give you a book. since the subject is always the speaker, it can be omitted (anata ni hon o ageru) I give you a book. -------(watashi wa anata ni hon o morau) plain I receive a book from you. (watashi wa anata ni hon o itadaku) polite I receive a book from you. since the subject is always the speaker, it can be omitted (anata ni hon o itadaku) I receive a book from you. -------(anata wa watashi ni hon o kureru) You give me a book . -------They can be used as auxiliary verbs. (anata ni hon o kaite yaru) plain I will write a book for you. (anata ni hon o kaite ageru) polite I will write a book for you. (anata ni hon o kaite morau) plain I will have you write a book for me. (you will write a book for me) (anata ni hon o kaite itadaku) polite I will have you write a book for me. (you will write a book for me) (anata was hon o kaite kureru) plain You will write a book for me. (anata was hon o kaite kudasaru) polite You will write a book for me. ************** Te-form + auxiliary verb (yonde iru) is reading (yonde aru) has been read (yonde shimau) end up reading (yonde kuru) start to read, up to now (yonde oku) read in advance (yonde miru) try to read (watashi wa hon o kaite iru) I am writing a book. .(sono hon wa mō yonde aru) Literally: that book has already been read (I have already read that book) (watashi wa doku o node shimatta) I ended up drinking the poison. Shimau is usually used for negative, undesirable situations. (watashi wa futotte kita) I started to get fat. (watashi wa benkyo shite oku) I will study in advance. (tegami o kaite miru) I will try to write a letter. ************** HOW TO ASK ! ( kake) write! ! (kaku na) don't write! (kakinasai) please write (kaite kudasai) please write (kakanai de kudasai) please don't write (kaite itadakemasu ka) Could you write please? ! (miro) look! ! (miru na) don't look! (minasai) please look. (mite kudasai) please look. (minai de kudasai) please don't look (mite itadakemasu ka) Could you look please? ************** Some verbs and adjectives require (ga) for the direct object (watashi wa kuruma ga hoshii) I want a car. (watashi wa kuruma ga iru) I need a car. (watashi wa kuruma ga suki) I like cars. (watashi wa kuruma ga kirai) I hate cars. (watashi wa kuruma ga kowai) I am afraid of cars. (watashi wa kuruma ga wakaru) I understand cars. (watashi wa nihongo ga wakaru) I can speak Japanese. ************** Some adjectives are usually used in the first person. For other persons, the GARU form is used. want (hoshii) (hoshigaru) want to eat (tabetai) (tabetagaru) happy (ureshii) (ureshigaru) (watashi wa kuruma ga hoshii) I want a car. (kara wa kuruma o hoshigatte iru) He wants a car. (watashi wa inu ga kowai) I am afraid of dogs. (kare wa inu o kowagatte iru) He is afraid of dogs. ************** (takai sōda) I heard that it is expensive (takasōda) It looks expensive. (takai yōda) It seems expensive (takai rashii) It seems expensive. (takai darō) It is probably expensive. (aruku sōda) I heard that it walks. (arukisōda) It looks like it walks. (aruku yōda) It seems that it walks. (aruku rashii) It seems that it walks. (aruku darō) It probably walks. (shizuka da sōda)I heard that it is quiet. (shizuka sōda) It looks quiet. (shizuka na yōda) It seems quiet. (shizuka rashii) It seems quiet. (shizuka darō) It is probably quiet. (takakarō)
************** (hon ga aru) there is a book. (hon ga atta) there was a book. (hon ga nai) there is no book. (hon ga nakatta) there was no book. (hon ga arimasu) there is a book. (hon ga arimashita) there was a book. (hon ga arimasen) there is no book. (hon ga arimasendeshita) there was no book. (hon ga aru) there is a book. (hon ga areba) if there is a book. (hon ga nai) there is no book. (hon ga nakereba) if there is no book. ************** BA (condition) (suru) do (sureba) if (you) do (shinai) don't do (shinakereba) if (you) don't do (shitai) want to do (shitakereba) if (you) want to do (shitaku nai) don't want to do (shitaku nakereba) if (you) don't want to do (kuru) come (kureba) if (you) come (konai) don't come (konakereba) if (you) don't come (kitai) want to come (kitakereba) if (you) want to come (kitaku nai) don't want to come (kitaku nakereba) if (you) don't want to come (kaku) write (kakeba) If (you) write (kakanai) don't write (kakanakereba) If (you) don't write (kakitai) want to write (kakitakereba) if (you) want to write (kakitaku nai) don't want to write (kakitaku nakereba) if (you) don't want to write (miru) see (mireba) If (you) see (minai) don't see (minakereba) If (you) don't see (mitai) want to see (mitakereba) if (you) want to see (mitaku nai) don't want to see (mitaku nakereba) if (you) don't want to see (takai) expensive (takakereba) if it is expensive (takaku nai) not expensive (takaku nakereba) if it is not expensive (shizuka) quiet (shizuka de areba) if it is quiet (shizuka de nai) not quiet (shizuka de nakereba) if it is not quiet ************** NARU (naru) become (natta) became (naranai) don't become (naranakatta) didn't become (tsuyoi) strong (tsuyoku) strongly (tsuyoku naru) to become strong (tsuyoku nai) not strong (tsuyoku naku naru) to become weak (shizuka) quiet (shizuka ni) quietly (shizuka ni naru) to become quiet (kakitai ) want to write (kakitaku naru) to become willing to write (kakenai) can't write (kakenaku naru) to become unable to write (kakanai) don't write (kakanaku naru) to stop writing ************** Sensei ni kikeba yokatta. I wish I had asked the teacher. Kakeba yokatta. I wish I had written. Yomeba yokatta. I wish I had read. Kureba yokatta. I wish I had come. Sureba yokatta. I wish I had done. ************** (dare) who (nani) what (itsu) when (doko) where (dore) which (naze) why (dō shite) why, how (dō yatte) how (dono yōni) how (dare demo) anyone (nan demo) anything (itsu demo) any time (doko demo) anywhere (dore demo) no matter which it is (dare ka) someone (nani ka) something (itsu ka) sometime (doko ka) somewhere (dore ka) Any ************** (kaku kamo shirenai) I might write. (yomu kamo shiremasen) I might read. (kirei kamo shirenai) It might be beautiful. (kaita kamo shirenai) I might have written. (yonda kamo shiremasen) I might have read. (kirei datta kamo shirenai) It might have been beautiful. ************** (kaita koto ga aru) I have written. (kaita koto ga nai) I have never written. (yonda koto ga aru) I have read. (yonda koto ga nai) I have never read. (kaku koto ga aru) There are times when I write (kaku koto ga nai) I never write. (yomu koto ga aru) There are times when I read. (yomu koto ga nai) I never read. ************** Some adverbs are usually used in negative sentences. Some of them can be used in positive sentences, but with a different meaning. (amari) not much (zenzen) not at all (mettani) rarely, seldom (kesshite) never (sappari) simply, completely (sukoshimo) not in the least (chittomo) not a bit (nakanaka) (kare wa amari hanasai) He doesn't talk much. (kare wa zenzen yomanai) He doesn't read at all. (kare wa metta ni tabenai) He seldom eats. (kare wa kesshite hatarakanai) He never works. (kare wa sappari benkyō shinai) He simply doesn't study. (kare wa sukoshimo futoranai) He doesn't gain weight at all. (kare wa chittomo wakatte inai) He hasn't understood at all. ************** How to say "after", "before" and "while". (watashi ga hanashita ato de) After I talked (anata ga tabeta ato de) After you ate (kare ga itta ato de) After he went (watashi ga hanasu mae ni ) Before I talk (anata ga taberu mae ni) Before you eat (kare ga iku mae ni) Before he goes (watashi ga hanashite iru aida ni ) While I am talking (anata ga tabete iru aida ni) While you are eating (kare ga itte iru aida ni) While he is going ************** There are many words that can be translated as "only". (dake) (shika) (nomi) (bakari) (kiri) (kimi dake) only you. (sakana dake) only fish. (gozenchū dake) only in the morning. (watashi dake ga kita) Only I came. (kono ie wa ookii dake da) This house is big, that is all. is used only in negative sentences. (watashi wa nihongo shika shiranai) I know only Japanese. (kore shika nai) I have only this. (kare shika inai) There is only him. (gakusei nomi) Only students. (gakusei ni nomi) Only to students. (matsu nomi) Only wait. (benkyō suru bakari) Only study. (taberu bakari) Only eat (bīru bakari) (hitori kiri ni naru) To become completely alone. (ikkai kiri) Only once. ************** DE () PARTICLE It can indicate location (except location of existence) (kissaten de) at a coffee shop (depāto de) at a department store (ōsutoraria de) in Australia (nihon de) in Japan (butai de) on stage It can indicate cause, reason, motive. (byōki de) because of disease (shiken de) due to exams (ooame de) due to heavy rains (shigoto de) because of work. It can indicate the time something ends or the amount of time something takes. (gogatsu tooka de) on May 10 (jūji de ) at 10 o'clock (isshūkan de) in a week. It can indicate the means or instrument something is done. (kuruma de) by car (eigo de) in English ************** 2 comments: Labels: JapaneseCourse
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