Lessons Learned from Studying Pain Management in Cattle
Michigan Veterinary Conference January 28, 2017 Copyright Todd Duffield, 2016
Todd Duffield, DVM, DVSc Professor, OVC, University of Guelph
[email protected]
Pain Management Applications in Dairy Cattle • • • •
Disbudding/Dehorning Diarrhea Pneumonia? Calving – Calves – Cows
• Mastitis/Metritis • Lameness? • Post-Surgery Copyright Todd Duffield, 2016
Calves
Cows
Lessons Learned from Pain Management in Cattle • • • • • • •
I teach students, Students teach me Pain is difficult to assess/measure Farmers will do the right thing Sometimes treatment is bad Calving hurts the calf Sickness behaviour is a key concept Old habits are hard to break Copyright Todd Duffield, 2016
Lessons Learned from Pain Management in Cattle • I teach students, Students teach me – March 2001 • 3rd year DVM student Barry Milligan asks me to hire him to do a pain study on dehorning calves – Asks why we don’t manage pain in ruminants like they do in Small Animals?
Copyright Todd Duffield, 2016
The utility of ketoprofen for alleviating pain following dehorning in young dairy calves Barry N. Milligan, Todd Duffield, Kerry Lissemore Can Vet J 2004;45:140–143
• Calves disbudded < 2weeks old with Portasol • No effect of ketoprofen on Behaviour
Cortisol Response to Dehorning – NSAID effect Portasol 120 100 80
Lidocaine Only
60
• Difference in cortisol
Lidocaine and Ketoprofen
40 20 0 10
180
Copyright Todd Duffield, 2016
360
Adapted from Milligan et al, 2004)
Milligan work led to other studies…. An investigation into the practices of dairy producers and veterinarians in dehorning dairy calves in Ontario Laine J. Misch, Todd F. Duffield, Suzanne T. Millman, Kerry D. Lissemore Can Vet J 2007;48:1249–1254 •
Ontario Dehorning Survey -
Misch et al, 2007
Putting this together – Approximately 35% of Ontario dairy calves are dehorned with the benefit of local anesthetic This compares to about 10% of dairy calves in the U.S (Fulwider et al, 2008)
Copyright Todd Duffield, 2016
But…Lidocaine doesn’t really work anyway!... Does it?
Acute Pain Study • 9 – calves Lidocaine only • 9 - calves Saline only • 9 - calves Ketoprofen only • Measured Behaviour, H.R., R.R. – at time of dehorning – 5 minutes after procedure
• Dehorned with Portasol < 4 weeks.
Copyright Todd Duffield, 2016
Guess Which Calf Received a Lidocaine Block? TREATMENT A
TREATMENT B
Acute Pain Study Significant Findings Variable
Lidocaine
Ketoprofen Saline
Feet Stamps V/F/K/R
4*
22.7
17.8
0*
78%
55%
RR
49 *
62
59
HR
104 *
131
131
Score (0 - 4)
0.2 *
3.9
3.7
Vocalize/Fall/ Kick/Rear
* Lidocaine significantly different from Ketoprofen and Saline (P