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Hamid Nasri. Effect of Garlic Extract on Blood Glucose Level and Lipid. Profile in Normal and Alloxan Diabetic Rabbits.

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letter to editor Adv Clin Exp Med 2013, 22, 3, 449–450 ISSN 1899–5276

© Copyright by Wroclaw Medical University

Hamid Nasri

Effect of Garlic Extract on Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Profile in Normal and Alloxan Diabetic Rabbits Wpływ wyciągu z czosnku na stężenie glukozy we krwi i profil lipidowy u królików zdrowych i chorych na cukrzycę wywołaną alloksanem Department of Nephrology, Division of Nephropathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Key words: garlic, metformin, type 2 diabetic. Słowa kluczowe: czosnek, metformina, cukrzyca typu 2.

Dear Sir, We read with great interest the published article in the esteemed Journal of “Adv Clin Exp Med”, by Sher et al., entitled “Effect of garlic extract on blood glucose level and lipid profile in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits” [1]. The study has aimed to investigate the comparative hypoglycemic and hypolipidaemic activity of garlic extract and metformin was the aim of the study in 24 normal and diabetic rabbits. In this study they found, in normal as well as diabetic rabbits, garlic extract produced hypoglycemia and hypolipidaemia like metformin, but the hypoglycemic effect was more pronounced with metformin, whereas garlic extract was more effective in causing hypolipidaemia as compared to metformin  [1].While, nephropathy is one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus [2–5], we would like to mention a  few points about the study conducted by Sher et al. Recently in a preclinical study on fifty male Wistar rats that co-administration or post administration of garlic juice for gentamicin-induced acute renal failure was effective. In this study we assumed that garlic is a nephroprotective drug to ameliorate tubular damage by gentamicin or probably other nephrotoxic agents which act through the mechanisms as this aminoglycoside [6]. More recently, to test the efficacy of co-administration of garlic extract and metformin for prevention of gentamicin–renal toxicity in Wistar rats, we conducted another study on 70 male Wistar rats [11]. The result of this study demonstrates that metfor-

min and garlic juice or their combination has both curative and protective effects against gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Hence, garlic extract could safely be used together with metformin to increase the antioxident potency to ameliorate gentamicin-tubular toxicity [7]. In type 2 diabetes, metformin has been widely used for the treatment blood glucose control [8–10]. Recently, attention has been made toward the possible kidney protective properties of metformin [11]. In the study conducted by Morales et al., observed that gentamicin-induced renal tubular injury is attenuated by metformin [12]. To find the potential efficiency of metformin to renal protection against gentamicin-induced acute renal injury and also to examine whether postpone treatment with metformin in acute kidney injury, exerts similar benefits on gentamicin renal toxicity in rats, we conducted a study on Wistar rats [13]. We found that metformin was able to prevent and attenuate gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury. Hence, it might be beneficial in patients under treatment with this drug [13]. Likewise, Bruckbauer et al. conducted a study to evaluate the synergistic effects of metformin, resveratrol and hydroxymethylbutyrate on insulin sensitivity  [14]. They suggested that resveratrol-hydroxymethylbutyrate combined with metformin might act synergistically on AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent pathways, leading to increased insulin sensitivity, which might reduce the therapeutic doses of metformin necessary in the treatment of diabetes. However, this combination might also increase the antioxidant efficacy of metformin  [12]. Thus,

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H. Nasri

according to the renoprotective efficacy of garlic extract in our study and hypoglycemic effect of this medicinal plants in the study conducted by Sher et al., it is possible that the combination of metformin and garlic may have additive renoptective efficacy

beyond better control of diabetes. In this regard, to better understand the renoprotective properties of garlic, especially in combination with metformin, more experimental rat models or clinical studies are suggested.

References   [1] Sher A, Fakhar-Ul-Mahmood M, Shah SN, Bukhsh S, Murtaza G: Effect of garlic extract on blood glucose level and lipid profile in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. Adv Clin Exp Med 2012, 21(6), 705–711.   [2] Tolouian R, Hernandez GT: Prediction of Diabetic Nephropathy: The need for a sweet biomarker. J Nephropathol 2013, 2(1), 4–5.   [3] Rahimi Z: ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy. J  Nephropathol 2012, 1(3), 143–151.   [4] Rouhi H, Ganji F: Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on serum Lipoprotein (a) and proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients. J Nephropathol2013, 1(3), 61–66.   [5] Baradaran A: Lipoprotein(a), type 2 diabetes and nephropathy; the mystery continues. J Nephropathol 2012,1(3), 126–129.   [6] Nasri H, Nematbakhsh M, Rafieian-Kopaei M: Ethanolic Garlic Extract Attenuates Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats. Iran J Kidney Dis 2013, in press.   [7] Rafieian-Kopaei M, BaradaranA, Merrikhi A, Nematbakhsh M, Madihi Y, Nasri H: Efficacy of Co-administration of Garlic Extract and Metformin for Prevention of Gentamicin-Renal Toxicity in Wistar Rats: A Biochemical Study. Inter J Prev Med 2013, 4(3), 258–264.   [8] Tavafi M: Diabetic nephropathy and antioxidants. J Nephropathol 2013, 2(1), 20–27.   [9] Khajehdehi P.T: Reemerging of a neglected Asian traditional remedy. J Nephropathol 2012, 1(1), 17–22. [10] Sahni N, Gupta KL: Dietary antioxidents and oxidative stress in predialysis chronic kidney patients. J Nephropathol 2012, 1(3), 134–142. [11] Hundal RS, Krssak M, Dufour S, Laurent D, Lebon V, Chandramouli V, et al.: Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2000, 49(12), 2063–2069. [12] Morales AI, Detaille D, Prieto M, Puente A, Briones E, Arevalo M, et al.: Metformin prevents experimental gentamicin-induced nephropathy by a mitochondria-dependent pathway. Kidney Int 2010, 77(10), 861–869. [13] Amini FG, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Nematbakhsh M, Baradaran A, Nasri H: Ameliorative effects of metformin on renal histologic and biochemical alterations of gentamicin-induced renal toxicity in Wistar rats. J Res Med Sci 2012, 17, 621–625. [14] Bruckbauer A, Zemel MB: Synergistic effects of metformin, resveratrol, and hydroxymethylbutyrate on insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2013, 6, 93–102.

Address for correspondence: Hamid Nasri Department of Nephrology, Division of Nephropathology Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran E-mail: [email protected] Conflict of interest: None declared

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