Letter to the Editor The audit of Romanian programmes concerning [PDF]

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Rom J Leg Med [22] 215-216 [2014] DOI: 10.4323/rjlm.2014.215 © 2014 Romanian Society of Legal Medicine 



Letter to the Editor

The audit of Romanian programmes concerning the professional integration of persons with disabilities (pwd) Ioan Hurjui, Ionel Bostan*

A

ccording to the UN Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities (PWD) [1], they are defined as human individuals with long term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which, in interaction with various barriers, may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. In the European Union (EU), one person out of six is affected by a type of disability (a total of about 80 mil). They cannot fully participate to the social and economic life due to physical and/or behavioural barriers. Moreover, the poverty level of PWD is 70% above the recorded average, due to their limited access to employment [2]. The full participation – both economic and social – of PWD is essential for the success of the Europa 2020 Strategy of the EU in promoting intelligent and sustainable growth that would support their integration [3]. A high number of scientific papers [4-9] have brought multiple and solid arguments on the array of benefits that would result from attracting this category of people into the full economic and social life, free of any discrimination. Knowing these data is essential for the medical legal system as on of his areas of expertise is represented by medical legal expertises of the work capacity. By integrating these novel data into the work algorithm of these expertises the medical legal physicians will increase the accuracy and subsequently the efficacy of their expertises. The total number of PWD in Romania [10] amounts to 709,216 persons and we believe that the evolution of these numbers is relatively stable. A significant percentage of these individuals have employment potential – i.e. people aged below 65 [11], but without benefiting from those active measures that would help them identify a paid job that would also meet their specific needs. The current ratio of PWD to the population of Romania (20,121,641 persons) is 3.52%; the number of PWD [10], per types of disability and their current status per age and sex groups on December 31st 2013, is shown in Figure 1.

Ever since 2006, Romania has set out to develop a national policy for the protection and promotion of the rights of PWD, through a specially developed strategic document [12] that also included the objective related to increasing the employment of this category. In this respect, reference has been made to a series of institutions and national authorities that would be accountable for the successful completion of the objectives included in the Strategy: the Ministry of Labour, the National Authority for the Protection of Children’s rights, the National Authority for People with Disabilities (ANPH), the National Agency for Employment (ANOFM) and others. In fact, public authorities, the providers of social services, representatives of the civil society, as well as natural and legal persons alike have the obligation to promote, observe and guarantee the rights of PWD, established in compliance with the provisions of the revised European Social Charter, adopted at Strasbourg on May 3rd 1996 [13], as well as with the other regulations to be observed in the field under consideration [14-21]. CRPD (Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) provides that the State Parties acknowledge the right of PWD to work on an equal basis with others; this includes the right to the opportunity to gain a living by work freely chosen or accepted in a labour market and work environment that is open, inclusive and accessible to persons with disabilities. The same State Parties shall safeguard and promote the right to work, including for those who acquire a disability during the course of employment, by taking appropriate measures. However, both in the EU and in the USA, persons with disabilities have a lower employment rate than people without disabilities, with wide variations among different countries. In the EU, about 50% of PWD have a job [22]. In Romania, the employment rate of persons with disabilities is significantly lower as compared to the general population [23], which is why we will further insist upon the subject of the

* Doctoral School of Economics, Stefan cel Mare University, Street Universității 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania * Corresponding author: PhD, Law, Email: [email protected] 215

Kumral B. et al An unusual fatal injury due to tyre blast. An autopsy case

social programmes for the professional integration of PWD, resorting to the instruments of performance audit, as agreed upon through the official documents of the Romanian Court of Audit [24], under the standards and regulations that govern public external audit procedures [24]. The audit procedures focus on evaluating the effects of the implementation of the programmes for the professional integration of PWD as developed by ANPH and ANOFM, organisations that have been included in the above mentioned Strategy, as well as the funds allocated in this respect. Moreover, audit procedures are directed at identifying the areas that have had a low completion level and pinpoint the possible causes that have led to the failure in completing the established objectives.

Figure 1. Distribution of PWD on age and sex.

Acknowledgment. The author thanks Professor PhD Sorin Mihaescu (Al. I. Cuza University - RO) for technical assistance.

References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

216

Convenţia ONU privind Drepturile Persoanelor cu Dizabilităţi (CDPD), ratificată de România prin Legea no. 221 din 11 noiembrie 2010. Strategia europeana 2010-2020 pentru persoanele cu dizabilitati: un angajament reinnoit pentru o Europa fara bariere, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/ LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:0636:FIN:RO:PDF Recomandarea Rec (2006) 5 a Comitetului de Ministri catre Statele membre ale Consiliului Europei cu privire la Planul de Actiune pentru promovarea drepturilor si a deplinei participari a persoanelor cu dizabilitati in societate: imbunatatirea calitatii vietii persoanelor cu disabilitati in Europa 2006-2015. Barnartt S, Scotch R. Disability Protests: Contentious Politics 1970-1999, Gallaudet University Press, 2001. Heyer K. Rights or Quotas? The ADA as a Model for Disability Rights, in Nielsen L, Nelson R - Handbook on Research on Employment Discrimination: Rights and Realities, Springer, 2005. International Labour Organization (ILO). Vocational rehabilitation of employment of people with disabilities: Report of a European Conference, WarsawConstanin Jeziorna, 23-25 Oct. 2003, Geneva, 2004. O'Reilly A. The Right to Decent Work of Persons with Disabilities, ILO, Geneva, 2007. Shima I. The Labour Market Situation of People with Disabilities in UE 25. European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Policy Brief I, 2008. Silvers A, Wasserman D, Mahowald M. Disability, Difference, Discrimination: perspectives on justice in bio-ethics and public policy, Rowman, 1998. Ministry of Labor, Statistic Data, Directorate for the Protection of Persons with Disabilities, http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/images/buletin_statistic/dizabilitati_ anul_2013.pdf Eremia MC. Interpretarea juridică, Ed. All, Bucureşti, 1998, pp. 1-29, 79-82. Constantinesco LJ. Tratat de drept comparat, vol. 2, Metoda comparativă, Ed. All Educational, Bucureşti, 1998, pp. 4-13, 105-109, 123-124, 310-316, 355-411. Avocatul Poporului, Raport special privind protectia persoanelor cu handicap, http://www.avp.ro/rapoarte-speciale/raport_special_handicap_mai2013.pdf Consiliul Europei. Carta socială europeană revizuită, Strasbourg, la 3 mai 1996, ratificată de România prin Legea no. 74/1999, http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/socialcharter/presentation/escrbooklet/Romanian.pdf Parlamentul României. Legea no. 448/2006 privind protectia si promovarea drepturilor persoanelor cu handicap, republicata 2014. Ministerul Muncii și Ministerul Sănătății. Ordinul no. 707/538/2014 privind modificarea criteriilor medico-psihosociale pe baza carora se stabileste incadrarea in grad de handicap. Parlamentul României. Legea no. 67/2014 pentru modificarea si completarea art. 59 din Legea no. 448/2006 privind protectia si promovarea drepturilor persoanelor cu handicap. Ministerul Muncii și Ministerul Sănătății. Ordinul no. 692/2013 privind modificarea criteriilor medico-psihosociale pe baza carora se stabileste incadrarea in grad de handicap. Ministerul Muncii. Ordinul no. 2298/2012 privind aprobarea Procedurii-cadru de evaluare a persoanelor adulte in vederea incadrarii in grad si tip de handicap. Ministerul Sănătății. Ordinul no. 2260 din 17 august 2012 pentru modificarea criteriilor pe baza carora se stabileste gradul de handicap pentru copii si se aplica masurile de protectie speciala a acestora. Ministerul Muncii. Ordinul no. 2299 din 23 august 2012 privind aprobarea Regulamentului de organizare si functionare a Comisiei superioare de evaluare a persoanelor adulte cu handicap. Guvernul României. Hotararea no. 89/2010 pentru modificarea Normelor metodologice de aplicare a prevederilor Legii no. 448/2006 privind protectia si promovarea drepturilor persoanelor cu handicap. European Commission. Situation of disabled people in the European Union: the European Action Plan 2008-2009, SEC(2007)1548. Societatea Academică din România. Diagnostic: Exclus de pe piaţa muncii. Piedici în ocuparea persoanelor cu dizabilităţi în România, Bucureşti, 2009, http:// www.motivation.ro/uploads/studii%20SAR/Diagnostic%20exclus%20de%20pe%20piata%20muncii.pdf Romanian Court of Accounts. Auditul programelor sociale pentru integrarea profesionala a persoanelor cu dizabilitati, Bucharest, 2011, http://www. curteadeconturi.ro/Publicatii/sociale3.pdf Parlamentul României. Legea no. 94/1992 privind organizarea și funcționarea Curții de Conturi, republicată 2014.

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