linfopenia idiopatica cd4+ a proposito de un caso. - Area de salud de [PDF]

lnmunodeficiencia celular CD4-CD8. Afectación esplénica. Afectación ganglionar. Afectación pulmonar ldiopática. Asp

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Idea Transcript


, C omplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz

JUNTA DE EXTREMADURA

,

Consejería de Sanidad y Dependencia

LINFOPENIA IDIOPATICA CD4+ A PROPOSITO DE UN CASO. M. Lobo Pascua, A. Pijierro Amador, J. Tiago Sequeira, V. Bejarano Moguel, R. Morales Gómez, O. Gonzalez Casas, M. Gonzalez Gómez, L.M. Barrena Santana, J.C. Bureo Dacal. Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Infanta Cristina de Badajoz. ,

CASO CLINICO Mujer, 28 años. Consulta por Infecciones de repetición (ITUs, Bronquitis) y verrugas en manos y genitales AP: mamoplastia, toma ACO. Padres sanos. Hermana sana y tía materna con lnmunodeficiencia Variable Común. Trabajo: enfermera.

,

GINECOLOGIA 1 a consulta: 2006. Revisión por toma de ACO. Infección por VPH. Deo: SIL 1 HPV 16, 52, 53, 58, 66. Lesión intraepitelial de bajo grado.

,

DERMATOLOGIA Verrugas en manos, rodillas, fosas nasales, vagina y labios mayores. Deo: verrugas vulgares, verrugas planas, condilomas acuminados Virus del Papiloma Humano.

,

HEMATOLOGIA Médula ósea: sin alteraciones reseñables ni infiltración linfomatosa. Esplenectomía.

,

INMUNOLOGIA Estudio inmunologico por infecciones de repetición (bronquitis, ITUs, verrugas en dedos y genitales por HPV). Tía materna: lnmunodeficiencia Común Variable.

INFECCIOSO Profilaxis por Linfopenia CD4-CD8 idiopática. Serologías (VIH y HTLV negativas). Mantoux negativo.lgs normales (hiergamma policlonai).Serologías negativas. ECA elevada.

EN S UER O

RUBEOLA IgG

Positi vo

TOXOPLASMOSIS lgG TOXOPLASMOSIS lgM

Negativo Negativo Negativo 3 .3 1 Negati vo Negativo

CITOMEGALOVIRUS IgG

2 .73

CITOMEGALOVIRUS IgM

Negativo

RPR COXIELLA BURNETTI IgG Fase 2 IFI COXIELLA BURNETTI IgG Fase 2 EIA M YCOP LAS M A PNEUMONI A E 1 G. MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE lgM RICKETTSIA CONNORI lgG PARVOV IRUS Bl9 IgG PARVOVIRUS Bl9 IgM

• • r

••

••



Negativo Pendiente

2 .30

Negativo 1 / 160

8 .37 0.36 Negativo 3 .40 Negativo

AC HETERÓFILOS MI VIRUS EPSTEIN BARR CÁPSIDE lgG VIRUS EPSTEIN BARR CÁPSIDE lgM VIRUS HERPES TIPO 1 IgG

2 .3 9

VIRUS HERPES TIPO 1 IgM

Negati vo

VIRUS HERPES TIPO 2 JgG VIRUS HERPES TIPO 2 lgM VIRUS HERPES TIPO 6 lgG BORRELIA BURDOGFERI SARAMPION IgG VARICELA lgG HTLV 1 HTLV ll

Negati vo Negativo 1 /160 Negativo 3 .16 1.0 1

••





-

Li nfoc itopenia

l. lnh erited cau ses

lnmunodeficiencia celular CD4-CD8. Afectación esplénica. Afectación ganglionar Afectación pulmonar

AuiOtomll riCUIÍVI, 20.8% ln-291

C•rli loge ha ir hypoplula. 0.7% jn•ll Vn~nown, 9.2% In • 131

A. Congenital immunodeficiency diseases 1. Severe combined immunodeficiency disease a. Aplasia of lymphopo ietic stem ce li s b. Adenos ine deaminase deficiency c. Absence of histocompatib ility antigens d. Absence of CD4+ helper ce li s

e. Thymic alymphoplasia with aleu kocytosis (reticular dysgenesis) f. Mutations i n genes required for T-cell development 2. Common variab le immune deficiency 3. Atax ia-telangiectasia 4. Wiskott-Aidrich syndrome S. lmmunodeficiency with short-limbed dwarfism {cartilage-hair hypoplasia) 6. lmmunodeficiency w ith thymoma

RIIICU)Ot

dyogen"lo.

0.7% ln• l )

7. Pu rine nucleos ide phosphorylase deficiency 8 . lmmunodeficiency w ith venoocc lusive disease of t he liver B. Lymp hopenia resulti ng from genetic po lymorph ism

11. Acquired cau ses A. Aplastic anem ia B. lnfectious diseases 1. Viral diseases

Aspirado y biopsia de médula ósea ldiopática

lnmunofenotipo. Citoquimica. Citogenética

Adenosino

deaminase deliciency,

D&fici~cy

15.6% In • 221

lnmunodeficiencia Variable Común Definición: a prim ary im munodeficiency of unknown eti ology characteri zed by low levels of immunoglo bu lin (lg)G, failu re to m ake spe cifi c antibodies in response t o infecti on o r immunization, and va ri able T-cel l ab norm aliti es.

of

common ychain. 45.4% ln• 64) '

i

~

receptor chain, 1.4% l n ~21

a. Acquired i mmunodeficiency syndrome b. Severe acute respiratory syndrome c. West Nile encepha litis d. Hepatitis

Complicaciones: Mu ltisystem ic gran ulo matous disease is a w ell ~doc um en t e d co mpli ca ti on of CVID, and its prese nce is associat ed w ith sign ifica nt m orb idit y and early mo rtalit y. Altho ug h th e lung is t he most comm o n organ affect ed, granulomas are al so found in others ( skin, li ver, spl een, and gastrointestin al tract). Auto immune di sord ers are co mmo n, and th ere appea rs t o be an increase d propensit y t o develop lymphoproliferati ve disord ers.

latrogenic 1. lmmunosuppressive agents a. Antilymphocyte globul in therapy b. Alemtuzumab (CAMPATH 1- H) c. Glucocorticoids 2. High -dose pso ralen plus ultravioletA t reatment 3. Stevens-Johnson syndrome

4. C:hemotherapy S. Platelet or stem ce ll apheresis procedures 6. Radiation 7. Majar surgery 8. Extraco rporea l bypass circulation 9. Renal or marrow transp lant 10. Thoracic duct drainage 11. Hemod ialysis 12. Pheresis for donar lymphocyte infusion D. Systemic d isease associated 1. Autoimmune diseases a. Arthritis b. Systemic lupus erythematosus c. Sjógren syndrome d. Myasthenia gravis e. Systemic vasculitis f. Be hc;:et-l ike syndrome g. Dermatomyositis h. Wegener granulomatosis

e. Influenza f. Herpes simp lex virus

2. Hodgkin lymphoma

g. Herpes virus type 6

3. Carcinoma 4. ldiopathic mye lofibrosis

h. He rpes virus ty pe 8

Clínica: Comm o n phys ical, rad iographi c, and labo rat o ry abn ormali ties in pati ents w it h CVID and granulom atous disease include spl enom egaly, hilar an d mediastin al lymph aden opathy w ith gro und glass or nod ular op aciti es in th e lu ng, an d reduced T-ce ll numbers and f unctio n.

C.

i. Measles virus

j. Other 2. Bacteria ! diseases a. Tuberculosis b. Typhoid feve r c. Pneumon ia d . Ricketts iosis e. Ehrli chiosis

f. Sepsis 3. Parasitic diseases: Acute phase of ma laria infection

S. Protein-losing enteropathy 6. Renal fa il ure 7. Sarcoidosis 8. Thermal injury 9. Severe acute pancreatitis 10. Strenuo us exercise 11. Silicosis 12. Celiac disease E. Nutritiona l and d ietary 1. Ethanol abuse 2. Zinc deficie ncy126,127 111 . ldiopathic ldiopathic CD4+ T lymphocvtopenia

Conclusión: Ante una linfopenia debemos hacer diagnóstico diferencial con la lnmunodeficienica Común Variable, sobre todo en pacientes que presenten infecciones oportunistas sin evidencia de VIH.

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