In the end only three things matter: how much you loved, how gently you lived, and how gracefully you
Idea Transcript
ENJ P6(U10 14) 30-40 2PP
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8/28/06
10:48 AM
Page 276
THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CONCERTO AND SONATA
in 6/8 meter, is pastoral in mood, and the last movement is a brilliant sonata-rondo— a form that combines elements of both structures. There are some typical Haydn devices at play in the third movement, including unexpected turns of harmony and sudden dynamic contrasts (remember we heard this device in his Surprise Symphony). In this movement, Haydn fully explores the new technical possibilities of the instrument, writing difficult passagework, fast octave leaps moving up the scale, and rapidly descending arpeggiated figures. The overall structure of A-B-A-B-A-C-A-B-A (coda) presents two main themes: an energetic first idea that opens with a rising fourth, and a lighthearted second theme that turns downward (see Listening Guide 36). As in many concerto movements, there is a double exposition: the orchestra introduces both ideas (A, B) in the tonic, then the solo instrument takes its turns with the themes (A, B) but brings the A theme back one more time, as is typical in a rondo. A short developmental section (C) featuring short motives drawn from the main themes, leads to the recapitulation (A, B) and an extended coda that presents a few last minute surprises. This concerto was Haydn’s last orchestral work; in it, he showed that he still had the capacity to employ novel ideas with great mastery. I]Z:c_dnbZcid[Bjh^XEVX`V\Z I]ZCdgidcGZXdgY^c\h I]ZDca^cZA^hiZc^c\AVW
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Listening Guide
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Haydn: Trumpet Concerto in E-flat major, Third Movement 89"GDB
DATE OF WORK:
89"GDB
1796; first performed 1800
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MEDIUM: MOVEMENTS:
WHAT TO LISTEN FOR:
89"GDB
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H]dgiZg H]dgiZgZWdd` Solo keyed trumpet, with orchestra (flutes, oboes, bassoons, French horns, trumpets, timpani and strings) I]ZCdgidcHXdgZh HijYn