Idea Transcript
BACKPACK
LITERATURE An Introduction to
Fiction, Poetry, and Drama X. J. KENNEDY DANA GIOIA
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Contents
Preface
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FICTION 1
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Reading a Story 3 FABLE, PARABLE, A N D T A L E
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W. Somerset M.augham, THE APPOINTMENT IN SAMARRA . 4 Aesop, THE FOX AND THE GRAPES 5 Chuang Tzu, INDEPENDENCE 6 Jakob and WUhelm Qrifnm, GODFATHER DEATH 8 ; .. PLOT
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THE SHORT STORY
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John Updike, A &P 15 WRITING CRITICALLY What's The Plot?
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WRITING ASSIGNMENT 22 FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING
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Point of View 23 William Faulkner, A ROSE F O REMILY 3 0 ' '•'"•' E d g a r Allan P o e , T H E T E L L - T A L E H E A R T . 3 9 i i i ; . , , WRITING CRITICALLY How Point of View Shapes a Story
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WRITING ASSIGNMENT 44 FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING
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CONTENTS
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CONTENTS
Character 46
WRITING CRITICALLY
Katherine Anne Porter, THE JILTING Alice Walker, EVERYDAY,USE 59 Raymond Carver, CATHEDRAL 68
OF GRANNY WEATHERALL
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82 82
Recognizing Symbols
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214
WRITING ASSIGNMENT 215 '••''.' ; FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING 215
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LAKE
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102
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WRITING CRITICALLY How Time and Place Set a Story WRITING ASSIGNMENT 120. FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING
120 121
Ernest Hemingway, A CLEAN, WELL-LIGHTED William Faulkner, BARN BURNING 132 147
PLACE
Stories for Further Reading 216 Margaret Atwood, HAPPY ENDINGS 216 Kate Chopin, THE STORY OF AN HOUR 220 Sandra Cisneros, HOUSE ON MANGO STREET 223 Nathaniel Hawthorne, YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN 225 Zora Neale Hurston, SWEAT 237 James Joyce, ARABY 249 Franz Kafka, BEFORE THE LAW 255 Jamaica Kincaid, GIRL 257 Joyce Carol Oates, WHERE. ARE YOU GOING, WHERE HAVE
Tone and Style , 122
Ha Jin, SABOTEUR
189 . ...
WRITING CRITICALLY
Amy Tan, A PAIR OF TICKETS
IRONY
Symbol 186 Shirley Jackson, THE LOTTERY 199 Ursula K. Le Quin, THE ONES WHO WALK AWAY FROM OMELAS
Setting 84 Kate Chopin, THE STORM 87 T. Coraghessan Boyle, GREASY
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John Steinbeck, T H E CHRYSANTHEMUMS
WRITING ASSIGNMENT 82 FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING
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184
WRITING ASSIGNMENT 185 FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING
WRITING CRITICALLY How Character Creates Action
Stating the Theme
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YOU BEEN?
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Tim O'Brien, THETHINGS THEY CARRIED . 274 Flannery O'Connor, A GOOD MAN IS HARD TO FIND
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290
WRITING CRITICALLY Be Style'Conscious
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WRITING ASSIGNMENT 160 • FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING
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POETRY
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Theme
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Chinua Achebe, DEAD MEN'S PATH 165 Luke 15: 11-32, THE PARABLE OF THE PRODIGAL SON 168 Charlotte Perkins Qilman, THE YELLOW WALLPAPER 170
Reading a Poem 308 William Butler Yeats,
THE LAKE ISLE OF INNISFREE
LYRIC POETRY 313 D. H. Lawrence, PIANO 314 Adrienne Rich, AUNT JENNIFER'S
TIGERS
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310
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CONTENTS' viii
CONTENTS NARRATIVE POETRY
Wilfred Owen, DULCE ET DECORUM EST. 3,44 ,,, Rhina Espaillat, BILINGUAL / BILINGUE 345 Thomas Hardy, THE WORKBOX : 346
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Anonymous, SIR PATRICK SPENCE Robert Frost, "OUT, O U T - "
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DRAMATIC POETRY
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Paying Attention to the Obvious
Robert Browning, MY LAST DUCHESS
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W R I T I N G CRITICALLY C a n a P o e m Be Paraphrased. William William
Stafford, Stafford,
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WRITING ASSIGNMENT 347 FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING
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A S K M E 322 .;;' ' . ; . " " " . " " . . . ' . A'PARAPHRASE OF " A S K M E " 322
W R I T I N G ASSIGNMENT
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1 1 Words 349
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LITERAL MEANING: W H A T A POEM SAYS FIRST •, 349^ William Carlos Williams, THIS IS JUST TO SAY 350 Robert Qraves, DOWN, WANTON, DOWN! 351 John Donne, BATTER MY HEART, THREE-PERSONED GOD, FOR YOU *
1 0 Listening to a Voice 324 TONE
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Theodore Roethke, MY PAPA'S WALTZ .324 Countee Cullen, FOR A LADY I KNOW 326 Anne Bradstreet,,THE "AUTHOR TO HER Book ,326 Walt Whitman, To A LOCOMOTIVE'IN WINTER 327' Emily Dickinson, I LIKE TO SEE IT LAP THE MILES 328 Benjamin Alire Saenz, To THE DESERT 329
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T H E VALUEOF A DICTIONARY
353
J. V. Cunningham, FRIEND, ON THIS SCAFFOLD THOMAS MORE LIES DEAD
355
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Carl Sandburg, GRASS
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W O R D C H O I C E A N D . W O R D ORDER•-• T H E PERSON IN THE POEM
330
Natasha Trethewey, WHITE LIES ;330 "' Edwin Arlington Robinson, LUKE HAVERGAL 3.32 ;
Ted Hughes, HAWK ROOSTING ' 333 ' '"' William Wordsworth, 1 WANDERED LONELY AS A CLOUD
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Robert Herrick, UPON JULIA'S CLOTHES 358 Kay Ryan, BLANDEUR 360 Thomas Hardy, THE RUINED MAID 361 ' : Richard Eberhart, THE FURY OF AERIAL BOMBARDMENT Wendy Cope, LONELY HEARTS 363 '• •
Dorothy Wordsworthj" JOURNAL ENTRY V 335 Langston Hughes, THEME FOR ENGLISH B 336
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY , .
Anne Stevenson, SOUS-ENTENDU 337 Francisco X. Alarcon, THE X IN MY NAME 338 William Carlos Williams, THE RED WHEELBARROW
E. E. Cummings, ANYONE LIVED IN A PRETTY HOW TOWN Anonymous, CARNATION MILK 365' j 'Lewis Carroll, JABBERWOCKY 365 : • ' '
IRONY
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WRITING CRITICALLY
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Robert Creeley, O H N O 340 ••