Microeconometrics Using Stata. A. COLIN CAMERON. Department of Economics. University of California. Davis, CA. PRAVIN K. TRIVEDI. Department of Economics. Indiana University. Bloomington, IN. A Stata Press Publication. StataCorp LP. College Station,
Idea Transcript
Mechanics of Flight Warren F. Phillips Professor Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Utah State University
Introduction The Propeller Propeller Blade Theory Propeller Momentum Theory Off-Axis Forces and Moments Developed by a Propeller Turbojet Engines: The Thrust Equation Turbojet Engines: Cycle Analysis The Turbojet Engine with Afterburner Turbofan Engines Concluding Remarks Problems
Introduction Thrust Required Power Required Rate of Climb and Power Available Fuel Consumption and Endurance Fuel Consumption and Range Power Failure and Gliding Flight Airspeed, Wing Loading, and Stall
xi xiii 1 1
6 10 12 16 22 35 42 79 93 96 101 108
115 115 130 135 164 178 190 195 203 207 215 216
221 221 222 232 239 249 257 268 279
vii
VIII
Contents 3.9. 3.10. 3.11. 3.12.
4.
Longitudinal Static Stability and Trim 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6. 4.7. 4.8. 4.9. 4.10. 4.11.
5.
Introduction Yaw Stability and Trim Estimating the Sidewash Gradient on a Vertical Tail Estimating the Lift Slope for a Vertical Tail Roll Stability and Dihedral Effect Roll Control and Trim Requirements Longitudinal-Lateral Coupling Control Surface Sign Conventions Problems
Fundamentals of Static Equilibrium and Stability Pitch Stability of a Cambered Wing Simplified Pitch Stability Analysis for a Wing-Tail Combination Stick-Fixed Neutral Point and Static Margin Estimating the Downwash Angle on an Aft Tail Simplified Pitch Stability Analysis for a Wing-Canard Combination Effects of Drag and Vertical Offset Contribution of the Fuselage and Nacelles Contribution of Running Propellers Contribution of Jet Engines Problems
Lateral Static Stability and Trim 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. 5.7. 5.8. 5.9.
6.
The Steady Coordinated Turn Takeoff and Landing Performance Accelerating Climb and Balanced Field Length Problems
Longitudinal Control and Maneuverability Effects of Structural Flexibility Control Force and Trim Tabs Stick-Free Neutral and Maneuver Points Ground Effect, Elevator Sizing, and CG Limits Stall Recovery Lateral Control and Maneuverability Aileron Reversal Other Control Surface Configurations Airplane Spin Problems
Aircraft Equations of Motion 7.1. 7.2.
Introduction Newton's Second Law for Rigid-Body Dynamics
Position and Orientation: The Euler Angle Formulation Rigid-Body 6-DOF Equations of Motion Linearized Equations of Motion Force and Moment Derivatives Nondimensional Linearized Equations of Motion Transformation of Stability Axes Inertial and Gyroscopic Coupling Problems
Fundamentals of Dynamics: Eigenproblems Longitudinal Motion: The Linearized Coupled Equations Short-Period Approximation Long-Period Approximation Pure Pitching Motion Summary Problems
Introduction Lateral Motion: The Linearized Coupled Equations Roll Approximation Spiral Approximation Dutch Roll Approximation Pure Rolling Motion Pure Yawing Motion Longitudinal-Lateral Coupling Nonlinear Effects Summary Problems
10. Aircraft Handling Qualities and Control Response 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 10.5. 10.6.
Introduction Pilot Opinion Dynamic Handling Quality Prediction Response to Control Inputs Nonlinear Effects and Longitudinal-Lateral Coupling Problems
Quaternion Algebra Relations between the Quaternion and Other Attitude Descriptors Applying Rotational Constraints to the Quaternion Formulation Closed-Form Quaternion Solution for Constant Rotation Numerical Integration of the Quaternion Formulation Summary of the Flat-Earth Quaternion Formulation Aircraft Position in Geographic Coordinates Problems
878 882 891 893 899 915 922 928
Bibliography
931
Appendixes
941
A B
Index
Standard Atmosphere, SI Units Standard Atmosphere, English Units