Ministry of Trade of The Republic of Indonesia - Kemendag [PDF]

Ministry of Trade of The Republic of Indonesia Indonesian Pearls

1

2

World Class Quality Product

Indonesian Pearls

3

Introduction To introduce Indonesia’s potential products which are spread in almost every province, TREDA provides information about those products so that the general public will be more familiar with them. For this purpose TREDA has organized an effort to collect and analyze relevant information related to the potentials and specific advantages of each of the products. This booklet entitled “Indonesian South Sea Pearl” presents a complete account on one of the Indonesian potential products, namely Pearl and its related end product, Pearl Jewelry. The reader is invited to a journey around this majestic product, starting as from its hatchery, farming, harvesting up to being created into elegant pieces of jewelry. Indonesia, for sure, is the biggest producer of South Sea Pearls in the world. It is estimated that around 124,810 hectares of Indonesian equatorial seas provide suitable habitats for Pinctada Maxima, the oysters producing the majestic pearls. With such a huge potential area for pearling activities, Indonesia has the potential to produce at least 20 tons of pearl per year. The story is enriched with flashy illustrations to convey meaningful and attractive information on pearl and pearl jewelry that will satisfy your curiosity and give better understanding on this elegant product. A better comprehension on lndonesian Imperial Gold Pearl will lead to better appreciation and greater enjoyment in owning and wearing this exotic gift of nature from Indonesian pristine waters.

Erwidodo Director General Trade Research And Development Agency (TREDA)

4

World Class Quality Product

Minister of Trade Republic of Indonesia

Message It is our great pleasure to share with you the wealth of our natural products. As an equatorial country, Indonesia is endowed with the richest marine coastal sea beds biota. As such Indonesia is a major producer of non edible fishery products including pearls, thanks to the pristine marine environment which provides the best possible environment for pearl producing oysters. Indonesia is the biggest producer of South Sea Pearls in the world market! The Queen of the South Sea Pearls is the Imperial Gold Pearl that is produced only by the Pinctada Maxima oysters living in optimum habitat in Indonesian waters. Indonesian South Sea Pearls have a very distinct appearance due to their unique natural luster that exhibits a gentle inner glow which is a combination with subtle reflection of colors. Imperial Gold color is the rarest of all and the most majestic. In the hands of skilled Indonesian artisans, the elegant pearls are being made into a great variety of exotic jewelry with ethnic touches. With a rich cultural heritage, the pearl jewelry produced by Indonesian craft persons will surely enrich the choices for people with refined artistic taste around the world. This book is dedicated for those who enjoy the majestic natural products created into elegant pieces of artistic works.



Mari Elka Pangestu

Indonesian Pearls

5

6

World Class Quality Product

CONTENTS

5 7 16

21 36 40

INDONESIAN, THE BIGGEST PRODUCER OF SOUTH SEA PEARL PEARL THE ADORABLE LIVING GEM INDONESIAN SOUTH SEA PEARL

THE SOUTH SEA PEARL CULTURE INDUSTRIES IN INDONESIA INDONESIAN PEARLS AND PEARL JEWELRY IN WORLD TRADE SOME MASTERPIECES OF INDONESIAN PEARLS JEWELRY

Indonesian Pearls

7

8

World Class Quality Product

Indonesia,

The Biggest Producer of

I

South Sea Pearls

ndonesia, with its more than 17,000 lush tropical is-

lands, of which around 3,000 are inhabited, is the largest archipelago country in the world. The chain of islands extends 4,500 kilometers West to East and 2,000

Indonesia is the richest country

kilometers North to South. Situated southeast of the

with regards to marine biota,

Asian mainland and north and northwest of Australia,

particularly those living in

this string of emeralds is cast between the Indian and the Pacific oceans. These factors have created a highly diverse environment that is rich in natural resources (oil, iron, gold, tin, nickel) as well as in terms of both terrestrial and marine biodiversity.

coastal sea-beds as their habitats. As such, Indonesia supplies the biggest quantity of South Sea Pearls.

Indonesia boasts 95,181 kilometers of coastline which is among the longest in the world. As such, Indonesia is endowed with the richest marine coastal sea-beds biota. Many kinds of crustaceans such as lobsters, crabs, and shrimps as well as various types of mollusks,

Producing

jor fishery products. Indonesia is also a major producer

Country

of non-edible fishery products called pearls, thanks to

Indonesia

the pristine marine environment which provides the

such as clams and oysters are among Indonesia’s ma-

Production (2005)

%

In In Kan Kilogram Share 1,022

3,833

41.2%

Australia

850

3,187

34.3%

Philippines

450

1,688

18.1%

Pearls in the world market! The data on the table shows

Myanmar

136

510

5.5%

Indonesia accounts for 41.2% volume share of South

Others

22

83

0.9%

Sea Pearl, followed by Australia at 34.2%, Philippines at

Total

18.1% and Myanmar at 5.5% .

Source: Pearl World Journal, 2005

best possible environment for pearl-producing oysters. Indonesia is the biggest producer of South Sea

2,480

9,300

100.0%

Indonesian Pearls

1

2

World Class Quality Product

Pearl,

The Adorable Living Gem

THE ADORABLE JEWELS THOUGHOUT THE AGES

Pearls have been known to mankind since the beginning of civilization. They were considered as one of the most valuable and to this day are still highly esteemed as gems for their beauty and splendor. The Sumerians of Mesopotamia and the Babylonians, the Egyptian Kingdoms, the Persian and the Chinese draped themselves with either pearl or mother of pearl jewelry since 3000 BC. A fragment of the oldest known pearl jewelry, found in the sarcophagus of a Persian princess who died in 520 BC, is displayed in the Louvre Museum in Paris. In the Americas, both the Incas and Aztecs prized pearls for their beauty and magical powers. The Romans prized pearls as the ultimate gems and turned pearls into many kinds of decorative accessories. During the classical Roman period, only persons above a certain rank were allowed to wear pearl jewelry. In the West, most European countries in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries had laws regarding who could and could not wear pearls. Teachers and lawyers, for example, could not wear fringes or chains with pearls. For quite a long time in history, pearl was a symbol of power and wealth. Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte and his wife Josephine’s preference to pearls induced a growing demand for this natural gem. Pearls have been considered ideal wedding gifts because they symbolize purity and innocence. In the Hindu religion, the presentation of an un-drilled pearl and its piercing has become part of the marriage ceremony. Pearls display the qualities of elegance, pu-

The CZARINA OF RUSSIA, Source:”The Book of The Pearl”.

rity and perfection. As such, this natural gem has been taken as symbols for many supreme ideas. To the ancients, pearls were a symbol of the moon and had magical powers. People have also attached different meanings to various colCROWN OF ST. EDWARD The Official crown of England Source : “The Book of The Pearl”. Indonesian Pearls

3

ors of pearl. White pearls have been perceived as the symbol of purity. Rose and pink pearls symbolize love. Wealth is symbolized through golden pearls. Pearls with peacock green color symbolizes romance. Sapphire blue pearls were taken as the symbol of eternity, while black pearls symbolize dignity.

WHAT IS A PEARL ? Pearl is an organic “gem”, that is, a gem that comes from a living thing (other examples of organic gems include coral and amber). A pearl is a living gem, and each pearl is a miracle of nature. It is a lustrous concretion (i.e. a rounded mass of compact concentric layers built up around a nucleus) produced by certain bivalve mollusks, including mussels and oysters. The pearl is an abnormal growth resulting from the invasion of the body of the mollusk by foreign matter. The oyster soothe irritations caused by those external or internal stimuli (such as sand grains, mollusk eggs, parasites and

Each pearl is made through a

other foreign particles) by secreting a brownish solu-

biological process inside the

that makes up the inner part of the oyster shell. Over

tion called conchiolin. Conchiolin is a fibrous protein

oysters. A pearl is made of

this conchiolin, the oyster coats the invading material

thousands layers of conchiolin.

olin binds the nacre together. Nacre is the hard pearly

with layer upon layer of nacreous material. The conchiinternal layer of the oyster shells. It takes thousands of very thin layers of this nacre to make a single pearl. The materials making up the pearl is secreted by the mantle (i.e., the part of the oyster’s internal body with glands that secrete a shell-producing substance) as the response to the irritant material. It is a remarkable feat of nature that a living oyster produces such an exquisite work of art. Since pearl is made through a biological process inside the oysters, no two pearls are identical. It is understood then why the Latin word for pearl is margarita which means “unique”. (In the romance languages (Spanish, French, Italian), margarita means pearl).

The oyster soothe irritations caused by those external or internal stimuli (such as sand grains, mollusk eggs, parasites and other foreign particles) by secreting a brownish solution called conchiolin

Nacre, also referred to as mother-of-pearl, is composed primarily of aragonite crystal. Aragonite crystal is a solid material in which the component atoms are

4

World Class Quality Product

Indonesian Pearls

5

arranged in a definite pattern and whose surface regularity reflects its internal symmetry. The crystals that are lined in symmetry within layers making up the pearl create prismatic effect as light travels through each layer. This prismatic effect contributes to the light-reflecting qualities of pearl known as its luster and iridescence.

OYSTERS, The Creatures That Present the Adornments - Oysters and Their Environment Oyster is a member of the families Ostreidae (true oysters) or Aviculidae (pearl oysters), bivalve mollusks found in temperate and warm coastal waters of all oceans. A bivalve mollusk is any soft-bodied invertebrate of the Mollusca family whose body is protected by two symmetrical shells. These shells that enclose the mollusk are made of calcium carbonate secreted by a soft mantle covering the body. It is well known that the ecological characteristic of the bottom of the pearl natural beds plays a vital role in the production as well as quality of pearls. Rocky or gravelly bottoms are more suitable. Areas rich in phytoplankton which is Denticle Digestive gland Mounth

Stomach Rectum Pericardial cavity Mantle Gill Adductor muscle

consumed by oyster, are good but there should not be noxious blooms. A mild current is necessary not only as a source of oxygen-rich seawater, but also to bring in fresh plankton as well as for the removal of metabolic products, and the oysters’ solid waste matter. If the water current is strong, the formation of the nacreous layer is faster, but the quality of pearls is inferior.

- Major Genera of Pearl Oysters Biologists tell us that around 15 genera of oysters may produce pearls of commercial values: 9 (nine) belong to the sea-water oysters and another 6 (six) of fresh-water types. However, only a few that dominates as the producers of commercial pearls in world trade. The most well-known of sea-water pearl oysters is of

Basic Anatomy of an Oyster

the genus Pinctada. Pinctada occur in several seas of the tropical belt and in the sub-tropical region. There three major Pinctada sub-species: Pinctada Maxima,

6

World Class Quality Product

Pinctada Margaritifera, and Pinctada Imbricata/Fucata. Of the fresh-water types, Hyrriopsis Schlegelli (Biwa pearl mussel) is the most well-known. The gold/silver-lip pearl oyster Pinctada Maxima occupies the central IndoPacific from Myanmar to the Solomon Islands. Its bio-geographical distribution is stretching along the coasts of Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesian archipelago, the Philippines, down to the north coast of Australia. This species are found at depths ranging from low tide level down to 80 meters. The central portion of this range, the Indonesian Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, Australia and the Philippines, has or had prolific shell grounds. Pinctada Maxima oysters produce South Sea Pearls, due to the fact that their breeding grounds known as the South Sea. Pinctada Maxima is observed to have various external colors: light yellowish-brown, green, dark brown or purple. The nacre (i.e. the hard pearly inside layer of the oyster shell) has a clear and rich luster. Part of the nacre close to “its mouth” can have a golden or silver band of varying width. This gives Pinctada Maxima its common name of gold-lip or silver-lip oyster. Pinctada Maxima is the largest species of the genus: its body size ranges from 20 to 30 centimeter with a weight that may reach up to 6.3 kilogram. Pinctada Margaritifera, the black-lip pearl oyster, ranges from the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Sudan, Papua New Guinea, Australia, French Polynesia, Indonesia,

Pinctada Maxima is the most well-known of sea-water pearl oysters. Pinctada occur in several seas of the tropical belt and in the subtropical region.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Southwestern part of the Indian Ocean, Japan and the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Cali¬fornia, and Mexico. Pinctada Fucata exhibits a variety of color morphs ranging from the commoner reds and browns to greens, bronzes and creams. The nacre is of a cream to golden color with a hard metallic luster. The largest specimens are up to 10 cm in diameter. Pinctada Fucata also has

Pinctada Maxima oyster, known as Gold - Lip or

a wide distribution from the Eastern Pacific (Venezu-

Silver - Lip oysters produce the rare and most valu-

ela) to the Western Pacific Ocean (Korea and southern

able pearls of gold and silver color.

China), Australia, Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.

Indonesian Pearls

7

Hyriopsis Schlegeli is freshwater mussels which are common throughout the world, but those used for pearl cultivation are mainly found in freshwater rivers, lakes and ponds. In China they are even found in places like the farmers’ irrigation ditches. The mussels are extremely adaptable to local conditions. Their luster is usually not as high as with other oysters used for pearl cultivation.

TYPES OF PEARL From the way it is formed, we can group pearl into three categories: natural pearls, cultured pearls and imitation pearls. Before the depletion of natural pearl beds, about a century ago, all pearls that were discovered were natural pearls. Today natural pearls are very rare, and are often sold at auctions in New York, London and other international venues at investment prices. Natural pearls are, by definition, all types of pearls formed by accident, without human intervention. They are the product of chance, with a beginning that is an irritant such as a burrowing parasite. The chance of this natural occurrence is very slim as it depends on unwelcome entry of foreign material that the oyster is unable to expel from its body. A cultured pearl undergoes the same process. In case of natural pearl, the oyster is working alone, whereas cultured pearls are the products of human intervention. To induce the oyster to produce pearl, a technician purposely implants the irritant inside the oyster. The material that is surgically implant-

8

World Class Quality Product

ed is a piece of shell called Mother of Pearl. This technique was found and developed by a Japanese inventor, Kokichi Mikimoto, who patented the technique in 1916. Imitation pearls are a different story altogether. In most cases, a glass bead is dipped into a solution made from fish scales. This coating is thin and may eventually wear off. One can usually tell an imitation by biting on it. Fake pearls glide across your teeth, while the layers of nacre on real pearls feel gritty. The Island of Mallorca in Spain is known for its imitation pearl industry.

THE VARIETY OF CULTURED PEARLS A few well known types of cultured pearls are Akoya Pearls, South Sea Pearls, Tahiti Cultured Pearls, Freshwater Cultured Pearls plus other types like Mabe Cultured Half Pearls and Keshi Pearls.

This necklace is composed of four strands of beautiful Indonesian South Sea Pearls, adorned by emeralds and three bigger pearls. The gorgeous luster of pearls enhanced by the lively

The term Akoya refers to nucleated saltwater pearls cultivated in the Akoya

shiny emeralds create a harmonious im-

oyster. Today, the majority of Akoya pearls are cultivated in Japan, and China.

pression of a splendid piece of jewelry.

Because the oyster is relatively small, its pearls generally grow from 2 millime-

Collection of Permata Bunda

ters to 9 millimeters, or very rarely, 10 millimeters. Tahiti cultured pearls are cultivated using the local species of the black lipped pearl oyster Pinctada Margaritifera (ranging in sizes between 12 to 15 centimeters). The more common sizes of the pearls are 9 to 13 millimeters. The exuberant colors of these pearls range from gold through green to aubergine or purple, to dark hues including jet black. Generally, the darker the pearl, the more valuable it is. True peacock black pearls are quite rare and expensive. Only a limited quantity of Tahiti cultured pearls develop as a round or a perfect drop. Freshwater cultured pearls are cultivated in several species of pearl mussel. Freshwater mussels are common throughout the world, but those used for pearl cultivation are mainly found in freshwater rivers, lakes and ponds. Colors come in white, champagne, cream,

Indonesian Pearls

9

orange, pink, purple, lilac, mauve, dark blue and brown. However, the bewildering array of attractive colors in which these pearls are presently being marketed strongly suggests that color treatments are being performed on these pearls. Mabe is a term commonly used in the pearl trade to describe a cultured half-pearl that is grown on the inside of a shell. Depending on the form of the nucleus the farmer inserts into the oyster, several shapes can be produced, including round, oval, cushion, drop and heart. Keshi pearls are naturally formed in the soft tissue of most cultured pearl bearing oysters. However, these pearls are the by-product of a culturing procedure, and must be recognized as such. Keshi pearls from both white and black South Sea pearl oysters can reach any size from 4 to 10 millimeters above. The fact that it is the only pearl resulting from seawater cultivation without a man-made nucleus makes the Keshi pearl special and appreciated by true pearl lovers worldwide.

These jewelry masterpieces combine the best of both tradtiobal artistic heritage and the splendo of Indonesian mabe pearls. The impressive pieces are hand crafted in silver and elegantly hand engraved.The brooch and earrings are surely stylish adornment for people with refined artistic taste, pleasant to see, and even more to wera.

10

World Class Quality Product

Indonesian Pearls

11

Indonesian 12 12

South Sea Pearls

World WorldClass ClassQuality QualityProduct Product

Throughout history, the natural South Sea pearl has been regarded as the prize of all pearls. The discovery of the most prolific South Sea pearl beds of specifically in Indonesia and the surrounding region like North Australia in the early 1800’s culminated in the most indulgent era of pearls in Europe in the Victorian era. The South Sea pearl is distinguished from all other pearls by its magnificent thick natural nacre. This natural nacre produces an unequalled luster, the one which does not merely deliver “shine” as with other pearls, but a complex soft, intangible appearance which changes mood under different light conditions. It is the beauty of this nacre which has endeared the South Sea pearl to expert jewelers with discriminating taste over the centuries. South Sea pearls are naturally produced by one of the largest pearl-bearing oysters, the Pinctada Maxima, (also known as Silver-Lipped or Gold-Lipped) oyster. This silver or gold lipped mollusk can grow to the size of a dinner plate but are highly sensitive to the environmental condition. This sensitivity adds to the cost and rarity of South Sea pearls. As such, Pinctada Maxima produces pearls of bigger sizes ranging from 9 millimeters to as much as 20 millimeters with an average size of around 12 millimeters. Thanks to the nacre thickness, South Sea pearl is also famous for the variety of unique and desirable shapes found. On top of those virtues, the South Sea pearl also has an array of colors from cream through yellow to deep gold and from white through silver. The pearls may also display a lovely “overtone” of a different color such as pink, blue or green. Today, as is the case with other natural pearls, the natural South Sea pearl has almost disappeared from the world pearl markets. The vast majority of South Sea pearls available today are cultivated on pearl farms in the South Sea.

13 13

Indonesian IndonesianPearls Pearls

THE SPECIAL VIRTUES OF INDONESIAN SOUTH SEA PEARLS In order to appreciate the special distinctions of the South Sea Pearls, for which Indonesia is the leading producer, one can assess their beauty in terms of luster, color, size, shape and surface quality. In terms of luster, South Sea pearls, both natural

Pearls with the majestic color

and cultured, have a very distinct appearance. Due to

of Imperial Gold is produced

ner glow which is noticeably different from the sur-

only by oysters cultivated

face shine of other pearls. It is sometimes described as

in Indonesian waters.

rescent light. Occasionally, pearls of very fine quality

their unique natural luster, they exhibit a gentle in-

comparing the glow of candle-light with that of a fluowill exhibit a phenomenon known as orient. This is the combination of a translucent luster with subtle reflections of color. The most popular colors of South Sea pearls are white or white with various colored overtones. Overtones can be almost any color of the rainbow, and are derived from the natural colors of the nacre of the South Sea pearl oyster. When combined with a translucent intense luster, they create the effect known as “orient”. Colors that are dominantly found include, Silver, Pink White, White Rose, Golden White, Gold Cream, Champagne and Imperial Gold. Imperial gold color is the rarest of all. This majestic color is produced only by the oysters cultivated in Indonesian waters. South Sea cultured pearls dominate the pearl world

In this grandeur ring, the impe-

in size, and are generally between 10mm and 15 mil-

rial gold pearl is the central point

limeters. When bigger sizes are found, rarer pearls

of attraction. The peridot stone

above 16 millimeters and occasionally in excess of 20

from Burma (green) and Yellow

millimeters are highly prized by connoisseurs.

saphire from Thailand complete the look. Collection of Permata Bunda

If beauty is in the eye of the beholder, then South Sea Pearls offer a myriad of opportunities of beauty to

14

World Class Quality Product

behold, as no two pearls are exactly the same. Due to the thickness of their nacre, South Sea cultured pearls are found in an exciting variety of shapes. Pearl nacre is a beautiful matrix of calcium carbonate crystals and special substances produced by the oyster. This matrix is laid down in perfectly formed microscopic tiles, layer upon layer. The thickness of the pearl is determined by the number of layers, and the thickness of each layer. The appearance of the nacre will be determined by whether the calcium crystals are “flat” or “prismatic”, by the perfection with which the tiles are laid, and by the fineness and number of layers of tiles. The effect on the pearl’s beauty depends on the degree of visibility of these perfections. This surface quality of the pearl is described as the pearl’s complexion. Although shape does not affect the quality of a pearl, the demand for particular shapes does have a bearing on value. For convenience, South Sea cultured pearls are graded into these seven shape categories. Several categories are further divided into numerous sub-categories: 1) Round; 2) Semi-Round; 3) Baroque; 4) Semi-Baroque; 5) Drop; 6) Circle; 7) Button.

INDONESIAS IMPERIAL GOLD PEARL IS THE QUEEN OF SOUTH SEA PEARL Indonesia produces South Sea Pearls that are cultivated from Pinctada Maxima, the largest species of oyster. As an archipelago with a pristine environment, Indonesia provides the optimum environment for Pinctada Maxima to produce high quality pearls. Indonesia’s Pinctada Maxima produce pearls with more than a dozen of color shades. The rarest and most valuable pearls produced are the ones with gold and silver colors. A range of delicate shades, among others, silver, champagne, brilliant white, pink and gold, with the Imperial Gold Pearl as the most magnificent of all pearls. The Imperial Gold Color Pearl produced by oysters cultivated in pristine Indonesian waters is in reality the Queen of South Sea Pearl.

This majestic brooch is a splendid combination of Indonesian South Sea Pearls and Blue Sapphire. The superb luster of pearls coupled with the liverly glitters of sapphire gems create a majestic beauty, pleasing the eyes of the beholders and to the mind of the wearer.

Indonesian Pearls

15

Collection of Permata Bunda

16 World Class Quality Product

World Class Quality Product

The Indonesian Pearling Industries

For nearly 400 hundred year, pearls and pearl

shells have been the most beautiful objects which have reached the outside world from the many islands of the Indonesian Archipelago. DEVELOPMENT PEARL CULTIVATION IN INDONESIA The trial tests of pearl culture in Indonesia started in Buton, Southeast Sulawesi as from 1921 by a group of Japanese experts led by Dr. M. Fujita, a leading researcher in pearl cultivation. The venture was financed by the Mitsubishi Corporation from Japan. The test culture was using the Golden Pearl Oyster (Pinctada Maxima Jameson) collected from the Arafura Sea, specifically around the Aru Islands Group. After seven years of trial and error, the test culture finally succeeded in producing rounded pearls with attractive colors and luster. Thereafter, the sponsor, Mitsubishi Corporation, established the South Sea Pearl Corp. Ltd. (Nanyo Shinju Kabushiki Kaisha) which was operating the pearl farming business. The operation ended in 1941 due to the World War II. In 1958, the trial test activities for pearl culture were resumed by Indonesian researchers and experts from the Indonesian Center for Marine Fishery. The efforts were then continued by the Indonesian Research Center for Marine Fishery as from 1962. The trial tests for pearl culture of Pinctada Margaritifera were conducted in the Gulf of Jakarta and in Semayang Island, Riau Islands Group. The Research Center also tested the pearl culture of Pinctada Lentiginosa in the Kalabahi Gulf, Alor, East Nusa Tenggara. The tests did not come out as expected. As from 1960, pearl culture activities were started using wild Pinctada Maxima oysters collected from their natural habitat. From 1990s onwards, pearl farming started using adult oysters reared from hatcheries. 17

Indonesian Indonesian Pearls Pearls

PEARL FARMING ACTIVITIES Pearl farming activities starts with site selection leading to constructing pearling facilities for cultivation activities.

Site Selection In pearl farming activity, the selection of culture site is of paramount importance, since the oysters require specific environmental conditions in which they can grow healthily and produce high quality pearls. Due consideration has to be given to critical factors such as salinity, water temperature, speed of water currents, as well as to being free from industrial and domestic effluents that pose serious hazards to pearl culture. Sheltered bays are ideal locations for pearl oyster farms. They offer good protection to the culture structures such as rafts and cages. Shallow coastal waters where the sea is calm most of the year also provide a suitable site.

Left to Right * Checking the oysters in the post-grafting period. * Floating rafts are frames to hang the pockets in which the oysters are kept during cultivation. * Equipment to operating shell including tools to insert nucleus. * Sometimes the oyster will reject the nucleus but the saibo tissue is retained and a pearl forms around this. A pearl formed in this manner is called a keshi pearl.

Pearls Cultivation Pearl cultivation operation can be divided into several phases as follows: collection of healthy adult oysters, hatchery production, nursery rearing, growing, grafting/nucleation, pearl formation and harvesting. At each stage a number of different culture methods are used. The method chosen depends upon the species cultured and the location or environment of the cultivation. In Indonesia, pearl farmers have developed methods and techniques for Pinctada Maxima that have been adapted for specific characteristics of Indonesian tropical marine environmental conditions.

18

World Class Quality Product

For the selection of good quality brood stock, namely the healthy and productive male and female oysters, before the 1990s the main source for pearling activities was collection of adult wild oysters from the sea-beds. However, after successful trial testing of hatchery techniques, as from early 1990s Indonesian pearl farmers have relied on the hatchery production for pearling oysters. Hatchery production allows selective breeding for desirable traits and assures a continual supply of juveniles

Pearl Farming & Pearling Process Ready for

Wild Oysters

Market

Pre-grafting

Selection

Loose Pearls

conditioning (+/- 2 years of

Two dozwns of healthy adults

HATCHERY

>12 cm in diameter)

MATURE OYSTERS

Grafting /

Post-harvesting

inserting the Nucleus ( 12 - 24 months )

Nursery Rearing

On-growing

40 days

Post-grafting

Pearling culture (Pearl formation)

HARVESTING

care (Up to 6 mounths)

(Up to 18 mounths)

( 12 Up to 24 mounths)

Indonesian Pearls

19

During this hatchery phase, oysters’ larvae need micro alga (i.e. aquatic photosynthetic organism) as their food. A balanced diet consisting of a number of species of micro-algae has been used in commercial hatcheries for pearl oysters from spawning until settlement. In Indonesia, the pearl farmers’ needs for larval feeds are supplied by the Technical Service Units under the Ministry of Marine And Fisheries Affairs spread all Taking out the mantle from healthy oyster to get the required characteristics of the intended pearl.

over the pearl farming regions. Good quality oysters generally will be ready to be nucleated at 21 to 24 months of age. From the time of nucleation, it takes approximately 18 months to two years for the pearl to grow to a desirable size, namely around 10 to 12 millimeters in diameter. (In extreme cases, the period may be lengthened up to 3.5 years after nucleation). A medium quality pearl is estimated

“Saibo”, a small piece of mantle tissue is taken out of each valve of the donor oyster.

to have 1,000 layers of nacre on it, resulting in a nacre thickness of around 0.4 to 0.5 millimeters. A thickness of around 2 millimeters (nucleus plus nacre layers) after 2 years is just acceptable. The daily deposition of nacre can vary from zero to seven layers per day. The main factors that determine the rate of deposition are, among others, the water temperature and the physiology of the individual oyster. The culture period necessary is also dependent on the size of the nucleus.

The technician carefully inserts the nucleus into the oyster through a slit into the oyster’s body.

When the desirable size of pearl is achieved, harvest can be done. Harvest is done using two methods. For oyster that has the potential to produce good quality pearl, the existing pearl will be taken out by another mean of operation and re-inserted directly with new nucleus. The rest of the oysters will be killed and the pearl harvested. Not all oysters harvested produce pearls. A harvest is considered good when more than 55% oysters harvested are containing pearls.

Harvesting is done by taking out the pearl from inside the oyster. The one shown is the case in which the oyster is not re-inserted.

20

World Class Quality Product

The harvested pearls are then washed with neutral soap or salt brine to remove slime and dirt. Then they are rinsed with clean fresh water, dried and sorted. Sorting process results in different categories of harvest results: gem quality pearls, misshapen pearls and reject pearls. The distribution of each group depends on the quality of men-nature cooperation, where nature dominates. Gem quality pearls are then further weighed and sorted according to size, color, surface characteristics and luster. Misshapen pearls are marketed for use in various pieces of jewelry. Reject pearls are used in pharmaceuticals.

The process of inserting the nucleus into oyster requires the utmost care.

The nuclei are produced from freshwater mussels of Unionids genus found in the Missisippi waters. The shells are cut into cubes and then rounded off to make them suitable for insertion.

Indonesian Pearls

21

This magnificent necklace combines beautifully Indonesian pearls and stylish beads finely

ornamented with dia-

monds. The beads

represent aquatic

animals accompanying the pearl oysters in the seabeds. The impressive luster of pearls enhanced by lively glitters of diamonds create an elegant impression of a lovely piece of jewelry. Collection of Permata Bunda

22

World Class Quality Product

GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS TO SUPPORT THE PEARLING INDUSTRY To promote Indonesian pearls, a series of integrated activities have been organized, among others, promotional exhibition both within the country and overseas, pearl auctions and trade fairs. The Indonesian Government through the Ministry of trade encourage and support pearl businessmen to actively participate in international trade fairs in jewelry so as to penetrate the world market. On top of those, the Indonesian Government has also established the Annual Indonesian Pearl Auction in Surabaya started as from 2007. This annual event is organized jointly by the Government through the Ministry of Fishery and Marine Affairs in coordination with Asbumi (Indonesian Pearl Culture Association) At production stage, the Indonesian Government through the Ministry of Fishery and Marine Affairs supports the pearling industries through research and development activities with regards to breeding of high quality oysters and improvement in pearling activities. The Government also provides high quality feeds for spats to pearl farming business, on top of providing technical training on grafting and farming management. As the guidelines for the activities to develop the pearling industries, the Government promulgated the Presidental Act No.32/1990 on The Management of Pearl Cultivation Areas which regulates spatial arrangements that specify boundaries to ensure the environmental conditions that are conducive for pearling industries. Law no. 24/1992 on Spatial Management of Land Use specifies areas allocated for different purposes that includes areas for pearling activities. The Government facilitated the establishment of Asbumi (Indonesian Pearl Culture Association) as the intermediary with the pearling business. As an independent entity, the organization’s overall objective is to collectively improve the quality of Indonesian pearls in order to have a strengthened position in the world market.

A pearl consists of the nucleus covered by thousand layers of conchiolin. Conchiolin is crystalline material that reflects the lights creating the pearl’s luster.

Indonesian Pearls

23

PRODUCTION CENTERS OF INDONESIAN PEARL FARMING As the biggest producer of South Sea Pearl, Indonesia recorded production figure of 12 tons in 2005. This figure is expected to increase to 18 tons by 2009. Indonesian cultured South Sea pearls are produced in the following areas: 1) the waters surrounding Bali; (2) Nusa Tenggara (Lombok and Sumbawa); (3) Sulawesi (Celebes); (4) Maluku (Moluccas) islands, and in 5) Papua Province. Bali’s pearl farms are located in the calm waters off the island’s north-western coast, in the Buleleng District, near Gerokgak. Nusa Tenggara is the biggest producer of high quality South Sea Pearls in Indonesia. There are several pearl farms in the West Nusa Tenggara region of Lombok, known for its “golden pearls” from the Gold-Lipped oyster. Lombok has over 24 active pearl farms, on or near Sekotong’s ten islands, on southwestern tip of Lombok. Pearls produced by pearl farms in Nusa Tenggara increased from 689 kilograms in 2001 to 1,800 kilograms in 2005 and around 2,000 kilograms in 2006. In 2009, total pearl production is expected to reach 2.8 tons.

ESTIMATED FARMING AREA POTENTIAL BY PRODUCTION CENTERS (IN HECTARES) OTHER, 3,705 B A L I, 18,900

PAPUA, 37,200

NUSA TENGGARA , 23,380

SULAWESI, 10,500 MALUKU, 31,125

(Source: Provincial Offices of Marine and Fishery Affairs)

24

World Class Quality Product

Pearl farming on Sulawesi island takes place within Tomini Bay, in the waters off of the Togian Islands archipelago, and around the Banggai Archipelago off Sulawesi’s north-east coast. Maluku (the Molucca islands) are located in the eastern part of Indonesia near Malaysia. Pearl farming in the Moluccas (Maluku Province) takes place around the Aru Islands group (Aroe Islands), a cluster of 95 islands in the Arafura Sea, and on Ambon Island in the Seram island group. Pearling has been a part of Aruese trade for hundreds of years. Pearl culturing began on Aru in the early 1900s as part of Kokichi Mikimoto’s quest for the Pinctada maxima’s perfect growing conditions.

ESTIMATED PRODUCTION POTENTIAL BY PRODUCTION CENTERS ( WEIGHT IN TONS) OTHER, 0.60 B A L I, 3.00

PAPUA, 6.00

NUSA TENGGARA , 3.72

SULAWESI, 1.68 MALUKU, 5.00

(Source: Provincial Offices of Marine & Fishery Affairs)

Papua Province is a remote and unpolluted region that is known as the “The last primitive land on the earth.” In this Papua province, pearl farms are located within the Raja Ampat (Four Kings) archipelago, at Alyui Bay’s Waigeo Island.

Indonesian Pearls

25

Production Centers of Indonesian Pearl Farming

Bali Lombok

Indonesia boasts of having 95,181 kilometers of coastline which is one among the longest in the world 26

World Class Quality Product

Bali

Estimated Potential Production 3,5 Ton Estimated Potential Farming Pearl 22,000 Ha

Nusa Tenggara

Estimated Potential Production 3,7 Ton Estimated Potential Farming Pearl 24,000 Ha

Sulawesi

Estimated Potential Production 3,0 Ton Estimated Potential Farming Pearl 18,000 Ha

Maluku

Ambon Sulawesi

Maluku ( incl. Ambon )

Papua

Estimated Potential Production 4,0 Ton Estimated Potential Farming Pearl 26,000 Ha

Papua

Estimated Potential Production 5,0 Ton Estimated Potential Farming Pearl 32,000 Ha

Indonesian Pearls

27

28

World Class Quality Product

Indonesian Pearls in Figures Exports by Country of Destinations Natural Pearls HS 710110

Thousand USD

COUNTRY 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007* 1 JAPAN 659 1045 561 88 - 76 2 AUSTRALIA 702 - - 1 - 3 PHILIPPINE - - 507 - - 4 HONGKONG 26 40 117 155 3 5 SINGAPORE 110 - 26 27 - 6 CHINA - - - 38 - 7 OTHERS 19 - - 5 2 12 TOTAL 1,516 1,085 1,211 314 5 88 * Jan-June 2007

Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureua of Statistics, 2007

More than half (58%) of Indonesian Natural Pearls (HS 710110) were exported to Japan. The second export destination country is Australia followed by Phillipine, Hongkong and Singapore .

Unworked Cultured Pearls HS 710121

Thousand USD

COUNTRY 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007* 1 JAPAN 6,000 12,299 2,149 4,764 5,146 3,771 2 AUSTRALIA 130 1,656 2,084 4,833 7,315 1,747 3 HONGKONG 993 - 265 101 2 4 SINGAPORE 504 - 16 - - 5 OTHERS 20 - - - 44 TOTAL 7,646 13,955 4,514 9,699 12,508 5,518 * Jan-June 2007

Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureua of Statistics, 2007

The biggest quantities of Indonesian unworked cultured pearls (HS 710121) were exported to Japan (with an average share of 65%), followed by Australia (13%), Hongkong (7 %) and Singapore (5 %).

Indonesian Pearls

29

Worked Cultured Pearls HS 710122

Thousand USD



COUNTRY

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007*

1

JAPAN

1,065

2,087

116

623

536

437

2

HONGKONG

1,113

0.36

-

2

209

125

3

SINGAPORE

17

0.05

25

46

119

163

4

OTHERS

114

0.21

-

51

32

13



TOTAL

133,178

2,707

* Jan-June 2007

141

722

896

739

Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureua of Statistics, 2007

Japan is also the biggest export destination for Indonesian worked cultured pearls (HS 710122), followed by Hongkong (37%)

Articles of Pearls HS 710122



COUNTRY

1

JAPAN

2

HONGKONG

3

UNITED STATES

4

CHINA

5

2003

2004

150

93

-

-

82 -

OTHERS TOTAL

* Jan-June 2007

30

World Class Quality Product

Thousand USD

2002

2005

2006

2007*

174

-

143

142

-

12

123

344

4

33

-

-

916

-

-

-

118

-

20

34

3

28

65

17

252

131

210

40

385

1,419

Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007

Exports By Province Natural Pearls HS 710110



PROVINCE

1

B A L I

2 3 4

EAST JAVA

5

NUSA TENGGARA

6

EAST KALIMANTAN



TOTAL

Thousand USD

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007*

297

747

455

3

3

-

D K I JAKARTA

1.081

338

752

243

2

88

CENTRAL JAVA

110

-

-

-

-

-

-

4

41

-

-

26

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

27

-

-

1,517

1,085

1,211

314

5

88

* Jan-June 2007

Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007

Unworked Cultured Pearls HS 710121



PROVINCE

1

B A L I

2

D K I JAKARTA

3

NUSA TENGGARA

4

SULAWESI

5

PAPUA

6

SUMATERA



TOTAL

* Jan-June 2007

Thousand USD

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007*

318

-

1,449

5,454

7,633

1,934

3,363

135

100

3,680

4,283

3,139

48

100

-

167

48

29

259

56

101

223

223

21

2.,155

2,962

1,158

-

-

-

-

-

424

73

-

-

6,144

3,252

3.232

9,596

12,188

5,122

Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007

After a dip in 2004, Indonesian exports of unworked cultured pearls (HS 710121) rebounded to reach more than US$ 12 millions. The fluctuations had been influenced by pearling cultivation related to climatic conditions.

Indonesian Pearls

31

Worked Cultured Pearls HS 710122



PROVINCE

1

B A L I

2

D K I JAKARTA

3

NUSA TENGGARA

4

SULAWESI



TOTAL

Thousand USD

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007*

182

151

108

687

757

696

1,744

1.937

338

-

92

42

-

-

-

35

46

-

380

-

-

-

-

-

2,306

2,088

141

722

895

739

Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007

* Jan-June 2007

Indonesian export of worked cultured pearls (HS 710122) also experienced a dip in 2004. Thereafter, export values had rebounded, although had not reached the levels in the previous years. Bali is also the major exporting port for Indonesian worked cultured pearls (HS 710122).

Articles of Pearls HS 710122



PROVINCE

1

D K I JAKARTA

2

B A L I

3

EAST JAVA

4

PAPUA



TOTAL

* Jan-June 2007

Thousand USD

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

1

109

78

5

23 - 102

2007*

200

-

143

93

341

28

123

295

17

8

120

118

16

-

2

-

-

-

130

551

148

385

504

Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007

Except for a dip in 2005, Indonesian exports of Pearl Jewelry (HS 711610) shows encouraging trend to reach almost US$ 400,000. DKI Jakarta is the dominating export for the product, followed by Bali. 32

World Class Quality Product

The brooch displays the magnificence of Indonesian South Sea Pearls. The beholders’ eyes will be surely attracted to the two silver white pearls. The skillful hands of Indonesian artisans finely crafted all the “leaves and flowers” that are ornamented with glittering diamonds. The brooch is hand crafted in platinum that have been beautifully hand engraved. This brooch will become a stylish adornment for people with refined artistic taste, pleasant to see, and even more so to wear. Collection by Handara Exclusive Jewelry

Indonesian Pearls

33

Major Importing Countries J A PA N HS 710110 HS 710121 HS 710122 OTHERS 12.9%

FR.POLYNESIA 28.7%

HONG KONG 13.0%

INDONESIA 14.1% AUSTRALIA 31.4%

Source: Intracen, WTO, 2007

Import 2005

For Japan, Indonesia is the third major supplier of all pearl types (HS 710110, plus HS 710121 plus HS 710122), with import shares ranging from 14% up to 21%.

HONGKONG HS 710110 HS 710121 HS 710122 OTHERS 23%

USA, PR, USVI 6%

CHINA 14%

INDONESIA 12% AUSTRALIA % Import 2005

JAPAN 19%

(Source:Intracen, WTO, 2007)

In Hongkong’s imports, Indonesia has always been a major supplier of pearls (at the third place) with shares ranging from 12% up to 17%) 34

World Class Quality Product

AU S T R A L I A HS 710110 HS 710121 HS 710122 USA, PR, USVI FR. POLYNESIA 7% 8%

OTHERS 18%

HONG KONG 14%

INDONESIA 28% JAPAN 7% Import 2005

PHILIPINES 18% (Source:Intracen, WTO, 2007)

For Australia, Indonesia has been a major supplier for all types of pearls (HS 710110, HS 710121 and HS 710122) with an average share of 28%.

Indonesian Pearls

35

World Trade World Demand for Different Type of Pearls Cummulative from 2001 to 2005

( Source: Intracen, WTO, 2007 )

The demand is dominated by cultured pearls, namely pearls that were produced through cultivation of pearl oysters. Of the cultured pearls, the ones that have been worked (HS 710122) dominated at an average share of 62%, with unworked cultured pearls (HS 710121)

World Import of All Type of Pearls 2005

Pearls cultured w orked, $893,009 , ( 64% )

Pearls natural w hether or not w orked or graded, $71,114 ( 5% )

Pearls cultured unw orked, $432,908 ( 31% ) ( Source: Intracen, WTO, 2007 )

The demand for pearl products has steadily increased at annual average growth of 5.2% in value terms. Total world imports grew from US$ 1.142 billions in 2001 to reach almost US$ 1.4 billions in 2005. The demand for pearl increased in line with general market growth of jewelry with precious gems. The precious gems jewelry accounted for the bulk majority of jewelry sales in the world. 36

World Class Quality Product

Exporting Countries of Unworked Cultured Pearls 2005 HS 710121

Thousand USD

140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 French Polynesia

Hong Kong (SARC)

Japan

United States of America

Australia

Indonesia

OTHERS

( Source: Intracen, WTO, 2007 )

Exporting Countries of Worked Cultured Pearls 2005 HS 710122

Thousand USD

300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 Hong Kong (SARC)

Japan

Australia

China

Oceania Nes

Indonesia

OTHER

( Source: Intracen, WTO, 2007 )

Indonesian Pearls

37

Some Masterpieces of

Indonesian Pearl Jewelry

38

World Class Quality Product

The imagination of Indonesian craftsmen reaches beyond pearls to cover decorative usage of the smooth and white shell surface of the oysters, the producers of pearls. From their trained hands, a variety of attractive handicrafts made of the oysters’ inner shell have been created displaying creative designs. The creativity of Indonesian craftmanship has combined pearls, nature’s perfect gems, with other beautiful materials to produce a great variety of ornaments for the body, including necklaces, bracelets, brooches, rings and earrings.

Indonesian Pearls

39

Indonesian South Sea Pearls constitute the dominating gems in the above four rings. The ring with Imperial Gold, Pink White and Bluish White Pearls are enhanced by diamonds, another type of precious gems, framed beautifully onto the surface just beneath the pearl which is the crown jewel of the ring. In the ring crowned with Silver White Pearl, the piece is also ornamented with Sapphire gems that multiply its beauty. The rings are hand crafted by skillful Indonesian craft person in gold and wonderfully engraved with utmost refinement. The jewelry artist designed the ring to clearly display the magnificence of pearls which become the pointer to lead the viewer in enjoying their splendor. Harmonious combination of gems makes the rings to become majestic ornaments to display artistic taste of the wearer, symbolizing grace and elegance.

40

World Class Quality Product

pearls and other precious

The center point of stylish neckwear is the three elegant Silver White Pearls coupled with stylish the Blue Topaz triangle. With the beads made of translucent aqua-marine as the necklace string, the combination of pearls and topaz creates a piece of jewelry with a class of its own. Both the necklace and earrings display a majestic beauty, pleasing to the eyes and soothing the senses of both wearer and the beholders.

Indonesian Pearls

41

LIST OF EXPORTERS 1 ARTHA SAMUDRA, PT Jl. Jati Padang Baru Blok D1-A Jakarta Selatan Telp : (021) 7804361 Fax : (021) 7801674 [email protected] CP : Rajendra Nasution 2 BIMA BUDIDAYA MUTIARA, PT Jl. Gedong Panjang No. 2-BD Jakarta Barat 11240 Telp : (021) 6918204 - 05, (0374) 44641 Fax : (021) 6918206, (0374) 44641 Cp : Ahasveros Soumokil 3 BIMA SAKTI MUTIARA, PT Gedung Bidakara Lt 6 Jl. Gatot Subroto Kav. 71-73 , Jakarta Selatan 12760 Telp : (021) 83793260 Fax : (021) 83793258 CP : Syamsoelbahri 4 BUDIAYA WAEGIO, UD Jl. Raya Pluit Samudera No. 7 Jakarta Utara 14450 Telp : (021) 6692962, (021) 6346115 Fax : (021) 6622910, (021) 6346117 Pasir Hitam Desa Morus Pulau Waegio Barat Kab. Raja Empat Papua CP : Richard Sinaya 6 BUDIDAYA MUTIARATAMA INDONESIA (BUMI), PT Jl. Duren Tiga No. 38, Jakarta Selatan 12870 Telp : (021) 7992485 Fax : (021) 7988640, 7992238 CP : Lyta Iswarini Hapsari 8 CAHAYA CERMELANG, CV Jl.Urip Sumoharjo No. 166 , Makasar 90232 Telp : (0411) 452670 - 71 Fax : (0411) 452460 CP : Harold Tandra 9 CAHAYA KEMILAU ABADI, CV Jl. Pemuda No. 245 Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara Telp : (0405) 22410 Fax : (0405) 22410 Jl. A. Yani No. 42 C-D Kendari Telp : (0401) 395886 Fax : (0401) 395889 CP : Herlina Vitus Horens 10 CENDANA INDO PEARL, PT Jl. Waru No. 26 Rawamangun Jakarta Timur 13220 Telp : (021) 4700409 Fax : (021) 4892282 [email protected] CP : R.P. Poernomo 11 CHAMAR SENTOSA PT. Jl. Jenderal Sudirman No. 136 Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur 85119 Telp : (0380) 83270 Fax : (0380) 831044 CP : Tony Pitoby 12

42

DAFIN MUTIARA, PT Jl. Gedong Panjang No. 2-BD Jakarta Barat 11240 Telp : (021) 6918204 - 05

World Class Quality Product

Fax : (021) 6918206 Jl. Dobo Kab. Maluku Tenggara Telp: (0917) 21088 Fax: (0917) 21088 CP: Korneles Teb 13 DISTHI KUMALA BAHARI, PT Jl. Tirtayasa III/8 Jakarta Selatan Telp : (021) 7265477 Fax : (021) 7232311 [email protected] CP : Indira Hartato 14 DUTA ARU INDAH, CV Jl. Ikan Mujair No. 14 Surabaya Jawa Timur Telp : (031) 3559271 Fax : (031) 3559036 CP : Benny Gunawan 15 HARNACARAKA, PT Pondok Indah Plaza II No. 14 Jl. Metro Pondok Indah Jakarta Selatan12310 Telp : (021) 7500158 - 9 Fax : (021) 7500183 CP : Haryadi Usman 16 HIKARI LAMPUNG PERMAI, PT Jl. Ahmad Dahlan No. 20 Pahoman Bandar Lampung 3500 Telp : (0721) 26198 Fax : (0721) 251401 CP : Yoshioki Harada 17 KENDARI MUTIARA INDONESIA, PT GrahaSurya Internusa Build Lt. 12 Suite 1205 Jl. HR. Rasuna Said Kav. X-0 Kuningan Jakarta Selatan 12950 Telp : (021) 5277784 Fax : (021) 5276676 CP : Seiji Yoshiyoka 18 KOSUMA MUTIARA, PT Jl. Pemuda No. 26 Mataram Lombok Nusa Tenggara Barat Telp : (0370) 641740 Fax : (0370) 634410 CP : Nursia C. Latumahina 19 KRIDA MARGARITAS, PT Jl. Gedong Panjang No. 2 BD Jakarta Barat 11240 Telp : (021) 6918204 - 5 Fax : (021) 6918206 CP : Robert Sukendy

22 MANEI SOUTHERN PEARL, PT Nusantara Building Lt 6 Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 59 Jakarta Pusat 10350 Telp : (021) 31936501 Fax : (021) 31926033 CP : Buddyman Rijono 23 MAXIMA MUTIARA, PT Jl. Sumbawa No. 21 Menteng , Jakarta Pusat 10350 Telp : (021) 3914290 Fax : (021) 31923682 CP : Takajo 24 MEGAPURA ARU MUTIARA, PT Jl. Petojo Sabangan 8/44 , Jak-Pus 10160 Telp : (021) 3459977 Fax : (021) 3806162 CP : Jhon Andreas 25 MOLLUCAS MARICULTURE, PT Jl. Raya Pluit SamuderaNo. 7 Jakarta Utara 14450 Telp : (021) 6692962 Fax : (021) 6622910 CP : Norman Z. Analau 26 MUTIARA NUSA BUNGA, PT Jl. Menteng Dalam Raya No. 3 Jakarta Selatan 12870 Telp : (021) 8299461 Fax : (021) 8299461 CP : Sukamto 27 NTT KURI PEARL, PT Jl. Senjaya IV No. 96 Jakarta Selatan 12110 Telp : (021) 72792588 Fax : (021) 72792589 CP : Takashi Natori 28 NUSA INA PEARL, PT Jl. Gedong Panjang No. 2-BD Jakarta Barat 11240 Telp : (021) 6918204 -05 Fax : (021) 6918206 Jl. Dobo Kab. Maluku Tenggara Telp : (0911) 34144 Fax : (0911) 34144 CP : Willy Tjoa 29 NUSANTARA PEARL, Fa Jl. Gedong Panjang No. 2-BD Jakarta Barat 11240 Telp : (021) 6918204 -05 Fax : (021) 6918206 CP : Anthony Tanios

20

KYOKKO SINJU INDONESIA, PT Jl. Lombok No. 62 Menteng Jakarta Pusat 10350 Telp : (021) 31908535 - 6 Fax : (021) 31908537 CP : Sukamoto

30

ORIENTAL MUTIARA INDONESIA, PT Jl. HR. Rasuna Said Kav. X-O Kuningan Jakarta Selatan 12950 Telp : (021) 5277784 - 6 Fax : (021) 5276676 CP : Seiji Yoshiyoka

21

MALUKU PEARL DEVELOPMENT, PT Gedung Arya Lt. 2 Jl. Gondangdia Lama No. 40 Jakarta Pusat 10350 Telp : (021) 3152084 Fax : (021) 3152084 CP : Patria Hanoach Pieter

31

PALOMA AGUNG, PT Gedung Selmis Lt. 2 Jl. Asem Baris Raya 52 Blok-2 No. 8/9 Tebet Jakarta Selatan 12830 Telp : (021) 8357317 Fax : (021) 8295418 CP : Satrio Wibowo

32

PERMATA BUNDA, CV Jl. Cikini Raya No. 24 , Jakarta Pusat 10330 Telp : (021) 31934551 Fax : (021) 3106687 CP : Ratna Zhuhry

33 34 35 36 37 38 39

RISARIO MUTIARA, CV Jl. Hasil Raya No. 1 Semarang, Jawa Tengah Telp : (024) 8318933 Fax : (024) 8446782 CP : A. Kengrry Retranubun RISUN JAYA, CV Jl. Blambangan 20 X Kuta, Bali Telp : (0361) 767177 Fax : (0361) 767176 CP : H. Muhammad Sunhaji SELAT ALAS, PT Jl. Tenun No. 8 Cakranegara Kota Mataram Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat Telp : (0370) 626819 Fax : (0370) 627360 CP : Budiyanto Halan TIMOR OTSUKI MUTIARA, PT Gedung Gajah Unit ABC Lt. 3 A# BIII Telp : (021) 6692962 Fax : (021) 6692910 CP : Kozuki Hiroaki TIRTAMAS MUTIARA, PT Gedung Bidakara Lt 6 Jl. Gatot Subroto Kav. 71-73, Jakarta Selatan 12760 Telp : (021) 83793260 - 61 Fax : (021) 83793258 CP : Jane Maramis TOFICO, PT GMT Building Lt. 4 Jl. Widjaya 1 No. 5 Kebayoran, Jakarta Selatan Telp : (021) 7252038 / 39 Fax : (021) 7252052 CP : Yoshiyuki Matsumoto YELLU MUTIARA, PT Jl. Gedong Panjang No. 2-BD Jakarta Barat 11240 Telp : (021) 6918204 - 05 Fax : (021) 6918206 Jl. Perikanan No. 53 Sorong Irian Jaya Telp : (0951) 325400 Fax : (0951) 328201 CP : Fony Gonga

Indonesian Pearl Culture Association ( ASBUMI ) Tiara Buncit Building, Blok A-5, Lt. 2 Jl. Kemang Utara IX No. 9, Jakarta Selatan 12760 Telp. (62-21) 7919 6537, 919 5583 Fax. (62-21) 7919 6537 APPI (Asosiasi Produsen Perhiasan Indonesia) Jl. Gajah Mada Tower, Room 2007 Chairman : Loe Iskandar Secretary General : Iskandar

MINISTRY OF TRADE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5 Building I - 3th Floor Jakarta 10110 INDONESIA Phone [62-21] 384 8667, 345 6318, 3841961 Ext1200 Fax. [62-21] 384 6106 E-mail. [email protected] (62-21) - 3848666,384 1961 Ext.1384 (62-21)-3441759 sesjen@depda9•90.id (62-21) - 384 8662, 3841961 Ext.1226 (62-21) - 384 8662 [email protected] Secretary General JI. M.1. Ridwan Rals No.5 Building I, 4th Floor Jakarta Pusat Phone Facsimile E-mail Inspectorate General JI. M.1. Ridwan Rais No.5 Building I, 10th Floor Jakarta Pusat

Directorate General of Domestic Trade M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5 Building I, 6th Floor Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA Phone (62-21) - 3858183,385 8193, Ext.1105, 1103 Fax (62-21) - 3857338 E-mail. [email protected]

National Agency for Export Development (NAFED) JI. Kramat Raya No. 172 Jakarta 10430 - INDONESIA Phone (62-21) - 31900901,310 0569 Ex1.413 Fax (62-21) 319 04914 E-mail. [email protected]

Directorate General of Foreign Trade JI. M.I. Ridwan Rals NO.5 Building ii, 1st Floor Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA Phone (62-21) - 3858204, 3860940 Ext.1192, 1104 Fax (62-21) - 3858190 E-mail [email protected]

Commodity Future Trading Regulatory Agency (COFTRA) Gedung Bumi Daya Plaza 4th Floor JI. Imam Bonjol NO.61 Jakarta 10310 -INDONESIA Phone (62-21) 315 6315 Fax (62-21) 315 6135 E-mail. [email protected] Website www.bappebti.go.ld

Directorate General of International Trade Cooperation JI. M.1. Rldwan Rais NO.5 Building I, 5th Floor, Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA Phone (62-21) - 344 0408,3858171 Ext.1004 Fax (62-21) - 385 8185 E-mail. [email protected]

Trade Research and Development Agency (TREDA) JI. M.1. Ridwan Rais NO.5 Building 17th Floor Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA Phone (62-21) 344 0060, 384 1961 Ext.1360 Facx (62-21) 345 2393 E-mail [email protected]

INDONESIAN COMMERCIAL ATTACHE Australia Indonesian Embassy. 8, Darwin Avenue, Yarralumia Canberra A.c.T. 2600 Australia Phone : (6162) - 625 08654 Fax : (6162) - 62730757 E-mail : [email protected] atperdag@ cyberone.com.au Website : www.kbri-canberra.org.au

Thailand Indonesian Embassy . 600 - 602 Petchburi Road Rajthevi PO BOX 1318 Bangkok 10400, Thailand Phone : (0066-2) - 2551264, 255 3135 ext.123 Fax : (0066-2) - 2551264, 2551267 E-mail : [email protected] indagtha [email protected]

Japan Indonesian Embassy .5-2-9, Higashi Gotanda Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 1410022, Japan Phone : (81-03) - 344 14201,344 70596 Fax : (81-03) - 344 71 697 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

Philippines Indonesian Embassy . 185, Salcedo Street. Legaspi Village, Makati City Metro Manila Philippines Phone : (632) - 892 5061-68, 894 4561 Fax : (632) - 892 5878, 867 4192 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

South Korea Indonesian Embassy. 55, Yoido-dong Young deoung po-ku Seoul South Korea. Phone : (0082-2) - 782 7750, 783 5371 Fax : (0082-2) - 780 4280, 783 7750 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

Malaysia Indonesian Embassy Jalan Tun Razak No.233 Kuala Lumpur 50400, Malaysia Phone : (0060-03) - 214 52011 Or 21434835 ext. 308 Fax : (0060-30) - 214 7908, 214 48407 E-mail : [email protected] indagkl@ pd.jaring.my

People’s Republic of China Indonesian Embassy . San Li Tun Diplomatic Office Building B, Beijing 100600, China Phone : (00861) 653 24748, 653 25400-3014 Fax : (00861) 653 25368 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

India Indonesian Embassy. 50-A Chanakyapuri New Delhi 110021 India Phone : (0091-11)-61141000,6886763 Fax : (0091-11) - 688 5460, 687 4402 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

Saudi Arabia Indonesian Embassy Riyadh Diplomatic Quarter PO. Box 94343 Riyadh 11693 Saudi Arabia Phone : (0966-1) - 488 2800, 488 2131 ext.120 Fax : (0966-1) - 488 2966 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected] Egypt Indonesian Embassy. 3, Aisha EL Taimoira St. Garden City PO BOX 1661 Cairo 1661, Republic of Egypt Phone : (20-2) - 794 4698,794 7200-9 Fax : (20-2) - 796 2495 E-maii : [email protected] hardaw j [email protected] Austria Indonesian Embassy Gustav Tschermak Gasse 5-7 Wina A-1180 Austria Phone : (431) - 476 2341 Fax : (431) - 479 0557 E-mail : [email protected] United Kingdom Indonesian Embassy 38 Grosvenor Square. London W1 k 2HW United Kingdom Phone : 44-20) - 772 909613, 749 97881 Fax : (44-20) - 7945 7022 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

Indonesian Pearls

43

Netherlands Indonesian Embassy . 8, Tobias Asserlaan 2517 KC The Hague, The Netherlands Phone : (31) - 703108115 Fax : (31) -7036 43331 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

Russia Indonesia Embassy . Commercial Attache Office Korovy val7 Ent 3, FI. 8 Apt 76 Moscow 117049, Republic Russia Phone : (7-095) - 238 5281, 238 3014 Fax : (7-095) - 238 5281 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

Germany Lehter Strasse 16-17 0-10557 Berlin 53175 Germany Phone : (49-30) - 478 0700 Fax : (49-30) - 478 07209 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

United Arab Emirates Indonesia Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) Flat NoA03, ArbitTower, 4th Floor, Baniyas Street, Deira P.O. Box 41664 Dubai U.A.E Phone : (971 4) - 422 78544 Fax : (971 4) - 422 78545

Belgium Indonesian Mission to The European Communities Boulevard de la Woluwe 38 Brussels B-1200, Belgium Phone : (322) - 779 0915 Fax : (322) - 772 8190 E-maii: [email protected] atperi ndagbxl@ chello.be

Denmark Oerehoej Aile 1, 2900 Hellerup Copenhagen, Denmark Phone : (45-39) - 624 422, 624 883 (D) Fax : (45-39) - 624 483 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

Italy Indonesian Embassy Via Nomentana, 55 00161 Rome Italy Phone : (0139-6) - 420 0911, 420 09168 Facsimiie : (0129-6) - 488 0280, 420 10428 E-mail: [email protected] lovenatassa@yahoo. com

Canada Indonesian Embassy 55 Parkdale Avenue Ottawa Ontario KIY 1 ES Canada Phone : (613) -7241100 Fax : (613) - 724 7932 E-mail : [email protected] budh i@indonesia_ottawa.org Website : www.indonesia_ottawa.org

Spain Indonesian Embassy 65, Calle de Agastia Madrid 28043 Spain Phone : (34-91) - 413 0294 Fax : (34-91) - 415 7792 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

France Indonesian Embassy 47-49 Rue Cortambert Paris 75116 France Phone : (33-1) - 450 302760, 450 44872 Fax : (33-1) - 450 45032 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

Switzerland Indonesian Mission to The United Nations and Other International Organizations 16, Rue de Saint Jean Geneva 1203 Switzerland Phone : (0041-22) - 339 7010 Fax : (0041-22) - 339 7025 E-mail : [email protected] a [email protected] alfons-sa [email protected] Singapore 7 Chatsworth Road Singapore 249761 Phone : (65) - 6737 5420, 683 95458 Fax : (65) - 6737 5037, 6735 2027 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected] Hong Kong Consulate General 127-129 Leighton Road Causeway Bay Hong Kong Phone : (852) - 289 02481, 289 04421 Fax : (852) - 289 50139 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] United States of America 2020 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W. Washington DC ca 20036 United States of America Phone : (202) - 775 5350, 775 5200 ext. 350 Fax : (202) - 775 5354, 775 5365 E-mail : [email protected]

Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) Australia Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) - 5ydney Level 2 , 60 Pitt Street Sydney 2000, Australia E-mail : [email protected] Brazil Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) - 5ao Paulo Edifico Park Lane Conj. 111, Alamedia Santos No. 171 Cerquiera Cesar, CEF: 01419.002 Sao Paulo Phone : (55) -11 - 326 30472 Fax : (55) -11 - 325 8126 E-mail : [email protected] djamia [email protected] Japan Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPe) - Japan ITM-4-J-8, Asia and Pasific Trade Center 2-1-10 Nanko Kita, 5uminoe-ku Osaka 559-0034 Japan Phone : (06) - 6615 5350 Fax : (06) - 6615 5351 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Germany Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) - Hamburg Glockengie~erall17 20095 Hamburg

44

World Class Quality Product

Italy Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) - Milan Via General Fara 39 Milan Hungary Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) - Budapest H-1051 Budapest, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky ut.12, IV Floor, No. 205 Budapest Hungary Phone : (36-1) - 317 6382 Fax : (36-1) - 266 0572 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected] South Africa Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) - Johannesburg Suite 02/E4 Village Walk Shopping Centre Sandton Johannesburg South Africa Phone : (27) - 118 - 846 240 Fax : (27) - 118 - 846 242 E-mail : [email protected]

United States of America Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) - Los Angeles 3457, Wilshire, Blvd, Suite 101 Los Angeles 90010 USA Phone : (213) - 3877041 Fax : (213) - 3877047 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

Indonesian Economic and Trade Office Taiwan (a province of China)

Indonesian Economic and Trade Office to Taipei 6F, NO.550, Rui Guang Road, Nelhu District (Twin Head Building) Taipei 114 Taiwan Phone : (886-2) - 875 26170 Fax : (886-2) - 874 23706 E-mail : [email protected] Note: For your complete reference on the Republic of Indonesia representative offices wor!d-wide, please kindly access: www.deplu.go.id

Indonesian Pearls

45

creative by : [email protected] Picture taken by : double P creative Darwis Triadi Disthi Maku-maku

46

World Class Quality Product

Ministry of Trade Republic of Indonesia Jl. M.I. Ridwan Rais No. 5. Building 1-7th Floor Jakarta 10110 Indonesia Telp. : (62-21) 3440060 Fax. : (62-21) 3452393