Mycological Society of America NEWSLETTER [PDF]

ISSN 0 5 4 1

Mycological Society of America NEWSLETTER

Vol. 35

No. 1

June 1984

- 4938

SUSTAINING MEMBERS ANALYTAB PRODUCTS

MILES LABORATORIES, INC.

CAMSCO PRODUCE COMPANY, INC.

NEW BRUNSWICK SCIENTIFIC COMPANY

DEKALB-PFIZER GENET1CS

PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, INC.

D I FCO LABORATORY PRODUCTS

THE QUAKER OATS COMPANY

HOECHST-ROUSSEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

ROHM AND HAAS COMPANY

HOFFMAN-LAROUCHE INC.

SCHERING CORPORATION

LANE SCIENCE EQUIPMENT COMPANY

SLYVAN SPAWN LABORATORY, INC.

ELI LILLY AND COMPANY

TRIARCH INCORPORATED

MERCK SHARP AND DOHME RESEARCH LABORATORIES

WY ETH LABORATORIES

The Society i s extremely g r a t e f u l f o r t h e support o f i t s Sustaining Members. These o r g a n i z a t i o n s are l i s t e d above i n a l p h a b e t i c a l order. Patronize them and l e t t h e i r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s know o f o u r a p p r e c i a t i o n whenever possible.

OFFICERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Richard T. Hanlin, President

Sandra Anagnostakis , Councilor (1983-85)

Roger D. Goos , V i ce-pres ident

Dona1d Barr, Councilor (1981-84)

Henry C. A l d r i ch, P r e s i d e n t - e l e c t

Martha Chri stiansen, Counci 1o r (1983-86)

Harold H. Burdsall , J r .

Alan Jaworski, Counci 1o r (1983-87)

, Secretary

Amy Y. Rossman, Treasurer

Richard E. Koske, Council o r (1983-86)

Harry D. Thiers, Past President (1983)

Gareth Morgan- Jones, Counci 1o r ( 1983-86)

Margaret B a r r Bigelow, Past President (1982)

'

Francis A. Uecker, Councilor (1982-85)

M Y C O L O G I C A L S O C I E T Y O F A M E R I C A NEWSLETTER

Vol ume 35, No. 1 , June 1984 Walter J. Sundberg, E d i t o r Department o f Botany Southern I 11i n o i s U n i v e r s i t y Carbondale, I 11i n o i s , 62901 (61 8) 536-2331 T A B L E O F CONTENTS

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s u s t a i n i n g members O f f i c e r s of t h e MSA Table of Contents EditortsNote Genera 1 Announcements Calender of Meetings and Forays Forthcoming Courses New Mycological Research Fungi f o r D i s t r i b u t i o n Fungi Wanted Identifications New Books by MSA Members Publications Available Annual Meeting Program Annual Meeting Abstracts Comments from Corresponding Clembers

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i i 1 1 2 4 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 16 16 48

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Computer Software Avai lab1 e Other Mycological Items A v a i l a b l e . . . Pub1i c a t i o n s Wanted P o s i t i o n s Wanted Postdoctoral P o s i t i o n s A v a i l a b l e Vacancies f o r Mycologists Assistantships and Fellowships A v a i l a b l e Changes i n A f f i l i a t i o n o r Status Travels and V i s i t s Papers, Seminars, Symposia, and Workshops Honors, Awards, and Promotions Personal News Notes and Comments Changes o f Address For Respondence Associations and Clubs A f f i l i a t e d Societies

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49 49 50 51 51 52 53 54 56 57 58 60 61 63 63 65

Ift h i s i s s u e of t h e MSA Newsletter seems l a r g e r - - w i t h more pages--to you, y o u r r e c o l l e c t i o n o f p a s t issues i s goo'd. Several reasons account f o r t h i s increase. F i r s t , i t cont a i n s t h e a b s t r a c t s from t h e annual meeting (see pages 16-48), and t h e r e are twenty more than l a s t y e a r ! Second, t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f f o r e i g n members and t h e number o f items i n c l u d e d from them has s u b s t a n t i a l l y increased. I presume t h i s r e s u l t s from a change made i n t h e t i m i n g of q u e s t i o n n a i r e d i s t r i b u t i o n t o f o r e i g n members and t h e longer response time now a v a i l a b l e t o them. Third, t h i s issue contains more a d v e r t i s i n g (see pages 13, 55, and 64) than previous e d i t i o n s . Unless otherwise noted, a l l t h e c r e a t i v e f i l l e r s ( a r t , poetry, jokes, etc.) i n c l u d e d are h e r e t o f o r e unpublished. Michael G. R i n a l d i prepared t h e cover f i g u r e o f Micros o r i um canis Bodin. The cartoons were done by Ann Be11 (page 9 ) and Rod T u l l o s s (page& ill u s t r a t i o n s (see pages 6 and 49) and some one-liners (pgs. 12 and 60) are r e p r i n t e d w i t h permiss i o n ( v i a Dave M i n t e r ) from t h e A p r i l i s s u e o f t h e B r i t i s h Mycological Society Foray Programme. J e n n i f e r M u e l l e r W e t t l a u f e r and Randy Currah authored t h e p o e t r y on pages 7 and 47 r e s p e c t i v e l y . For t h e i r f i l l e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s , I a l s o wish t o thank Susan Du Bois (pg. 15), Roland Seymour (pg. 50), and Dick K o r f (pg. 59). The Southern I 11i n o i s Universi ty-Carbondale O f f i c e o f Research and Development Admini s t r a t i o n should be recognized f o r t h e i r i n d i r e c t assistance i n t h e form o f student work ( s e c r e t a r i a l ) support. Likewise, I wish t o acknowledge t h e able assistance o f Linda Neuman-who has t h e uncanny a b i l i t y t o c o r r e c t l y decipher my s c r i b b l e d w r i t i n g and who typed most of t h i s issue--and t h e "volunteer" l a b o r provided a t m a i l i n g t i m e by t h e SIU-C Mycology students.

IT MAY TASTE INCREDIBLE--BUT .MAKE SURE IT'S EDIBLE!

GENERAL ANNOUNCEMENTS YOU ALL COME! Brent Reeves wishes a l l who w i l l a t t e n d t h i s years MSA Annual Meeting t o know t h a t the MSA Awards and Social (Tues. evening, August 7, 1984) i s a l s o a "supper." The Brauts and German Potato Salad w i l l be supplemented w i t h s o f t d r i n k s and Coors beer. Coors' Brewery w i l l f u r n i s h Herman Joseph, K i l l i a n ' s Red, and Coors' L i g h t ("...for those o f us t h a t must The Society watch our c a l o r i e s o r want t o remain t r i m , y o u t h f u l , and appealing!"--B.R.). applauds a1 1 the help o f f e r e d by Coors Brewery! ATTENTION BRITISH COLLEAGUES B r i t i s h members o f the MSA can now pay t h e i r dues ( s u b s c r i p t i o n s ) i n s t e r l i n g . Send t h e e q u i v a l e n t s t e r l i n g amount t o Dave Minter a t C.M. I.,Kew, Surrey, England, t o a r r i v e (Dave's before January 20th each year. A f t e r t h a t , Dave notes, "You w i l l be t o o l a t e . " e f f o r t on behalf o f the Society and i t s B r i t i s h members i s most appreciated.--ed. ). MSA MAIL MATTERS Moving? Want your Mycologia, MSA Newsletter, and o t h e r MSA-related m a i l t o a r r i v e a t y o u r new address uninterrupted and on schedule? Want t o h e l p keep MSA operating costs--and thus y o u r dues--down? Help achieve these goals by n o t i f y i n g t h e Secretary o f your move ( i f p o s s i b l e ) s i x t o e i g h t weeks i n advance o f your moving date. I f you plan t o be on a sabbati c a l o r o t h e r temporary leave from your r e g u l a r p o s i t i o n , DO NOT r e p o r t a change o f address t o t h e Society. Please attempt t o make arrangements t o have your MSA mail sent t o you by someone a t your permanent address. FORAY REPORTS WANTED L i s t s o f fungi c o l l e c t e d on MSA Forays i n Indiana (1981), Pennsylvania (1982), and Iowa (1983) would be appreciated by Wm. Bridge Cooke. Some people i n the Indiana and Pennsylvania Foray P o r t r a i t s are presently u n i d e n t i f i e d . Bridge would 1i k e t o hear from any brave soul who t h i n k s he o r she may be able t o i d e n t i f y some o r a l l o f the p r e s e n t l y nameless faces. NEW FACILITIES The Cryptogami c Herbari um, U n i v e r s i t y o f Toronto has moved from the Botany Department i n t o expanded f a c i l i t i e s i n a separate b u i l d i n g . Space i s now a v a i l a b l e f o r v i s i t o r s and t h e examination of c o l l e c t i o n s . Monographers are e s p e c i a l l y encouraged t o request t h e l o a n of material. Reprints i n a1 1 areas o f morphology, taxonomy, and phytogeography f o r both fungi and l i c h e n s would be appreciated f o r the Herbarium's r e p r i n t c o l l e c t i o n . For f u r t h e r i n formation and s p e c i f i c arrangements contact t h e curator, John C. Krug. TRAVELLING TO BRITAIN? Dave Minter has assumed the p o s i t i o n o f Foray and Systematics Committee Secretary i n t h e B r i t i s h Mycological Society. Please w r i t e . t o him i f y o u ' r e i n t e r e s t e d i n attending any BMS forays. (see Calendar o f Meetings, Forays, and Workshops f o r more)

SUGGEST MA MEMBERSHIP TO A FRIEND OR STUDEflT.

3 TROPICAL FIELD STUDIES Mycologists i n t e r e s t e d i n t r o p i c a l f i e l d work should contact Amy Y. Rossman. b r i e f c u r r i c u l u m v i t a e and statement o f research i n t e r e s t s .

Include a

INDIVIDUALS INVITED TO JOIN NOMENCLATURE SUBCOMMITTEES The Special Committee f o r Fungi & Lichens (R. P. Korf, Secretary) o f t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l Association f o r P l a n t Taxonomy i n v i t e s a l l i n t e r e s t e d b o t a n i s t s t o j o i n one o r more o f t h e i r new working subcommittees on proposals f o r changes i n the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Code o f Botanical Nomenclature. Four subcommittees w i l l begin work immediately, and exchange comments by m a i l . The work o f t h e subcomnittees w i l l need t o be completed by January 1986 i f changes are t o be enacted a t t h e 1987 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Botanical Congress. Readers i n t e r e s t e d i n s e r v i n g on subcommittees should so advise the convener o f t h e subcomi t t e e ( s ) : SUBCOMMITTEE A: (Taxa t h a t may be t r e a t e d i n d i f f e r e n t taxonomic groups now s p e c i f i e d under A r t . 13.1 ( d ) when such groups have d i f f e r e n t sanctioning authors) Convener: Dr. Vincent Demoul i n , Department de Botanique, Uni v e r s i t e de Liege, S a r t T i lman, B-4000 Liege, BELGIUM. SUBCOMMITTEE B: ( C i t a t i o n and t r a n s f e r o f sanctioned names under A r t . 13.1 ( d ) and Rec. 50E.2) Convener: D r . David L. Hawksworth, Commonwealth Mycological I n s t i t u t e , Ferry Lane, Kew, R i chmond, Surrey TW9 3AF, ENGLAND. SUBCOMMITTEE C: (Other problems w i t h A r t . 13 and the s t a r t i n g - p o i n t f o r nomenclature of fungi and l i c h e n s , and w i t h A r t . 59 on pleomorphic f u n g i ) Convener: Dr. Walter Gams, Centraal bureau voor Schimmel c u l t u r e s , P. 0. Box 273, 3740 AG Baarn, THE NETHERLANDS. SUBCOMMITTEE D: ( F o s s i l Fungi) Convener: Dr. Don R. Reynolds, Natural H i s t o r y Museum, 900 E x p o s i t i o n Foulevard, Los Angeles , CA 90007, U.S.A. REDUCED RATES FOR EXPERIMENTAL MYCOLOGY Although t h e p r i c e a d v e r t i s e d by Academic Press i s $60.00 per year, MSA members and others can o b t a i n EXPERIMENTAL MYCOLOGY a t the personal s u b s c r i p t i o n r a t e o f $32.50 (confirmed May 1984--ed. ). Orders must request ersonal s u b s c r i p t i o n and must pay by personal check o r money order. W r i t e Academic Press, 111 i f t h Avenue, New York, NY 10003. Thanks t o Henry A1 d r i ch f o r p r o v i d i n g these d e t a i 1s.

5-

DANIEL E. STUNTZ MEMORIAL FOUNDATION A memorial foundation honoring the l a t e Professor Daniel E. Stuntz has been e s t a b l i s h e d by members o f t h e Puget Sound Mycological Society i n cooperation w i t h J. Arnmirati and t h e Department o f Botany, U n i v e r s i t y o f Washington. The foundation was formed mainly t o a i d and a s s i s t t h e systematic mycology students i n t h e P a c i f i c Northwest, p a r t i c u l a r l y those a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Washington. The foundation a l s o w i l l h e l p t o maintain the D. E. Stuntz Mycology L i b r a r y , pub1 i s h and disperse mycological i n f o r m a t i o n , provide suppl i e s and equipment f o r mycology research, g r a n t monies f o r t r a v e l t o meetings and forays, and support amateur and professional mycology programs i n t h e P a c i f i c Northwest. E s t a b l i s h e d under t h e Washington N o n p r o f i t Corporation Act, t h e foundation i s e x c l u s i v e l y f o r educational , c h a r i t a b l e , and s c i e n t i f i c purposes. C o n t r i b u t i o n s should be sent t o J. Ammirati , Department of Botany, KB-15, U n i v e r s i t y o f Washington, S e a t t l e , W A 98195. Make checks payable t o t h e D. E. Stuntz Memorial Foundation. CREATIVITY REQUIRED W. J. Sundberg hereby requests submission o f your unpublished mycological creations--be they a r t , cartoons o r jokes, l i m e r i c k s , and p o e t r y - - f o r consideration f o r p u b l i c a t i o n i n t h e MSA Newsletter. A l l o r i g i n a l m a t e r i a l s can be returned t o t h e a r t i s t o r author. Help us.

CALENDAR OF MEETINGS,

FOFiAYSJ AND WORKSHOPS

For those t r a v e l i n g abroad, the calendar includes i n b r i e f form some m i s c e l l aneous European a c t i v i t i e s as w e l l as a l i s t i n g o f the main B r i t i s h Mycological Society (BMS) forays, etc. For the BMS a c t i v i t i e s contact t h e l o c a l organizer ( l i s t e d w i t h each) o r Dave Minter, C. M. I., Ferry Lane, Kew , Surrey TW9 3AF England. August 1984 4-9

MSA Annual Foray and Meeting w i l l be h e l d i n conjunction w i t h t h e AIBS. Annual Meeting Program elsewhere i n t h i s i s s u e f o r d e t a i l s . )

(See

10-12

The FOURTH WILD MUSHROOM FAIR and f o r a y t o T e q u i l a ' s Hi 11. For more d e t a i l s , cont a c t Fco. T r u j i l l o Flores, Facul t a d de Cienci as, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ap. p o s t a l 5-885 Guadalajara J a l i s c o 45000 Mexico.

11-12

The Society f o r I n d u s t r i a l Microbiology w i l l o f f e r a WORKSHOP on PLASMIDS I N BIOTECHNOLOGY; ISOLATION AND APPLICATIONS a t Colorado S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y i n F o r t C o l l i n s . Plasmid i s o l a t i o n , e l e c t r o p h o r e t i c analysis, c l o n i n g w i t h plasmid vectors, and n i c k t r a n s l a t i o n and h y b r i d i z a t i o n procedures w i l l be covered. Organized by George A. Somkuti (Eastern Regional Research Center-USDA, Phi lade1 phia, PA; t e l e phone: 215/233-6474. R e g i s t r a t i o n i s l i m i t e d t o 80 p a r t i c i p a n t s . For a d d i t i o n a l information and r e g i s t r a t i o n forms, contact: Ann Kulback, SIM, c/o AIBS, 1401 w i l s o n B l vd., A r l i n g t o n , VA 22209. Telephone: 7031256-0337.

11-12

The OHIO MUSHROOM SOCIETY SUMMER FORAY w i l l be h e l d a t M i l l Creek Park, Youngstown, OH. Get more data from Walt Sturgeon, 288 E. North Avenue, East P a l e s t i n e , OH 44413.

12-17

SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY annual meeting w i l l be h e l d a t Colorado S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , F o r t C o l l i n s . For more i n f o r m a t i o n contact Ann Kulback, SIN, c/o AIBS, 1401 Wilson Bl vd. , A r l ington, VA 22209. Telephone: 7031256-0337.

13-18

The ARCTIC MYCOLOGICAL SYMPOSIUM 2, w i l l be h e l d i n Engadin, East Switzerland. For more i n f o r m a t i o n contact Dr. Yosio Kobayasi , 5-33-1, Maruyama-cho, Funabashi C i t y , Japan.

17-19

BMS TRUFFLE HUNT a t Cotswolds. Worces t e r s h i re.

19 23-26

16-19

Jane Ingham, 21 Loughmi 11 Road, Pershore,

The Colorado Mycological S o c i e t y ' s ANNUAL MUSHROOM FAIR w i l l be h e l d a t t h e Denver Botanic Gardens and t h e c h i e f i d e n t i f i e r w i l l be Harry D. Thiers. The FOURTH ANFiUAL TELLURIDE MUSHROOM CONFERENCE, designed f o r persons i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e study and c u l t i v a t i o n o f w i l d mushrooms, w i l l be h e l d i n T e l l u r i d e , CO. I n q u i r i e s and reservations should be d i r e c t e d t o Emanuel Salzman, Box 5503, Denver, CO 8021 7-5503. The Glassboro S t a t e College, Glassboro, NJ ( E l i z a b e t h Moore, r e s i d e n t m y c o l o g i s t ) , R o l f Singer w i 11 be the Senior Mycologist. Cas Bas (Netherlands) and several o t h e r Mycologists w i l l a l s o be there. Glassboro i s l o c a t e d o n l y 10 m i l e s from Newfield, NJ, the home f o r many years of Job B i c k n e l l E l l i s (1329-1905). Forays w i l l probe as many l o c a l h a b i t a t s as p o s s i b l e i n an attempt t o rediscover E l l i s ' species. For f u r t h e r information, contact Robert Peabody, R. D. # I , Box 250, M i l f o r d , NJ 08848. Phone: 201/995-9110 ( a f t e r 5 p.m. )

w i l l be t h e s i t e of the 1984 NORTHEASTERN MYCOLOGICAL FORAY.

PATROIVIZE THE E A SUSTAINING MEMBER5

September 1984 5-12

BMS AUTUMN FORAY a t U n i v e r s i t y os Essex, Colchester. T. R. G. Gray, Department o f Biology, Univers; t y of Essex, Colchester, Essex, C04 350.

14-16

The 3 1 s t CHARLES HORTON PECK ANNUAL FORAY w i l l be h e l d a t Alleghany S t a t e Park, Salarnanca, NY, a t t h e former Youth Conservation Camp i n t h e Red House Area. I n q u i r i e s and r e s e r v a t i o n s should be addressed t o Douglas A. Wright, 94 Remington Place, B u f f a l o , NY 14?!0.

15-16

A FLESHY FUNGI WORKSHOP w i 11 occur i n Terra A1 t a , WV. Walt Sturgeon w i l l be t h e i n s t r u c t o r . For more i n f o r m a t i o n w r i t e B i l l ' Beatty, Brooks Nature Center, Oglebay Park, Wheeling, WV 26003.

20-23

The NORTH AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (NAMA) FORAY w i l l be h e l d near Dorset, Ontario. The general theme w i l l be Forestry and Ecology i n r e l a t i o n t o Mycology. For f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n contact Frans vanGerwen, 5 Cameron S t r e e t , Toronto M5T 2H1, Ontario, Canada.

27-30

The ALEXANDER H. SMITH LAKE STATES FORAY f o r 1984 w i l l be h e l d a t t h e Larado T a f t F i e l d Campus o f Northern I l l i n o i s U n i v e r s i t y i n Oregon, I L . Attendance i s l i m i t e d and t h e c o s t i s approximately $75.00. Contact L i z Farwell ( c o - o r d i n a t o r ) f o r more information.

30Oct. 19

The JAPAN MUSHROOM STUDY TOUR i s a 20-day package f o r amateurs and p r o f e s s i o n a l s . Includes exchange seminars w i t h Japanese mycologists and c o l l e c t i n g on Hokkaido, on M t . F u j i , and i n t h e Kyoto area. Leaders w i l l be Gary L i n c o f f , Emanuel Salzman, Contact Emanuel Salzman, and Andrew Nei 1. Cost w i l l be approximately $3,000.00. C / O Fungophi l e y Box 5503, Denver, CO 8021 7-5503 f o r more information.

October 1984 6- 7

The OHIO MUSHROOM SOCIETY FALL FORAY w i l l be h e l d a t Lake Hope S t a t e Park i n southe a s t Ohio. Contact Walt Sturgeon, 288 E. North Avenue, East Palestine, OH 44413.

6-13

BMS UPLAND FORAY a t Acharacle A r g y l l .

8-12

JOURNEES EUROPEENES DU CORTINAIRE w i 11 be he1 d a t Thonon-Les-Bains , France. Madame Jocelyne Frossard, C r y t r e , Margencel, 74200 Thonon-Les-Bains, France.

Dave M i n t e r (see address above).

November 1984 17 29Dec. 13

BMS AUTUMN TAXONOMY MEETING: ASCOMYCETES I N DISARRAY a t J o d r e l l Laboratories, Kew, Surrey. Dave M i n t e r (see address above). TRUFFLING THROUGH EUROPE. A 2-week t o u r o f t h e t r u f f l e centers o f Europe. V i s i t s t o t r u f f l e farms, processing p l a n t s , and markets i n I t a l y and France w i t h ample o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o sample both w h i t e and b l a c k t r u f f l e s . Rome, P a r i s , Monte Carlo, and Copenhagen are a l s o on t h e i t e n e r a r y . Leaders w i l l be Gary L i n c o f f , Gary For more i n f o r m a t i o n Menser, and Andrew Weil. The c o s t i s approximately $2,098.00. c o n t a c t Frank P i p a l , Educational Tours, 5935 S. Pulaski , Chicago, I L 60629.

January 1985 25-27

BMS SYMPOSIUM:

FUNGYS PHOTOGRAPHY.

Gordon N i ckson. Near Woking, Surrey.

6 February 1985 ?-?

AMAZON-ANDES MUSHROOM FORAY. A 2-week study t o u r o f t h e Amazon R i v e r and Peruvian Andes i n l a t e February and e a r l y March. I t i n e r a r y includes: F i r s t week on a r e search s h i p going down the Amazon and along some o f i t s t r i b u t a r i e s w i t h d a i l y Second week i n t h e Andes c o l l e c t i n g excursions i n t o the j u n g l e t o c o l l e c t fungi. a t e l e v a t i o n s between 8,000 and 12,000 f e e t ( i n c l u d i n g Machu Picchu). Leaders For more w i l l be Gary L i n c o f f and Gerry M i l l e r . Cost i s approximately $2,200.00. i n f o r m a t i o n contact Gary Lincoff, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458.

A p r i l 1985 ?-?

NEW ENGLAND MYCOLOGISTS meeting w i l l be organized by John Haines. For t h e occasion t h e group w i l l be renamed or the astern ~ y c o l o g i s t s . W r i t e John t o g e t on a m a i l i n g l i s t and t o l e a r n t h e d e t a i l s .

May 1985 ?-?

24-30

BMS PUFFER FORAY (The P u f f e r i s a small steamship [ w i t h b a r ] being chartered t o steam up Loch Fyne and t h e I s l e of Bute) may be "a b i t p r i c y . " Dave M i n t e r (see address above). BMS SPRING FORAY a t Pulborough, West Sussex. B i l l i n g s h u r s t , West Sussex.

Rod Bevan, Westcott West S t r e e t ,

August 1985 5-9

John P i t t , Maren K l i c h , and Dick H a n l i n w i l l conduct a f i v e day hands-on workshop on PENICILLIUM IDENTIFICATION a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Georgia, Athens, GA. The dates f a l l t h e week b e f o r e t h e MSA meeting i n G a i n e s v i l l e , FL. F u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n and r e g i s t r a t i o n forms may be obtained from Maren K l i c h .

10-15

The MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA ANNUAL FORAY AND MEETING w i l l occur i n conjunct i o n w i t h the annual AIBS meeting i n G a i n e s v i l l e , FL.

11-17

The FOURTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE MYCOLOGY SYMPOSIUM wi 11 be h e l d i n Portsmouth, England. Deadline f o r o f f e r e d papers i s J u l y 20, 1984. D e t a i l s from Professor E. B. Gareth Jones, Portsmouth Polytechnic, Department o f B i o l o g i c a l Sciences, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, Hants, England.

September 1985 4-1 1

BMS AUTUMN FORAY a t Chester College, Chester. Road, Chester CHI ~ B J .

The significance No. I Fun& are important in Veterinary Scienceat

Bruce Ing, Chester College, Cheyney

7 FORTHCOMING COURSES

INTRODUCTORY MYCOLOGY w i l l be taught a t Auburn U n i v e r i s t y i n t h e F a l l o f 1984. Gareth Morgan- Jones.

Contact

FIELD MYCOLOGY, an upper division-graduate l e v e l course, w i l l be o f f e r e d a t Southern I l l i n o i s U n i v e r s i t y a t Carbondale. Monthly, day-long continuing education workshops on southern I 11i n o i s mushrooms wi 11 a l s o be o f f e r e d August-November. W r i t e Walter J. Sundberg t o l e a r n more. WILD MUSHROOMS w i l l be o f f e r e d August 12-24, 1984 a t K i r k l a n d Lake, Ontario, by John C. Krug through t h e J u n i o r School o f A r t s f o r Northern Ontario. For f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n c o n t a c t JSANO, Northern Col lege o f Appl ied A r t s and Techno1 ogy , 140 Government Road East, K i r k l and Lake PN2 3L2, Ontario, Canada.

TO MR COSTISICK Copri nus :

The Suicide

Wild mushrooms picked the day before Lay cool behind my icebox door. With g r e a t d e l i g h t , I thought t h e i r f a t e Would be t o cheer my dinner p l a t e . So as I l i t my morning pipe I savored thoughts o f cap and s t i p e Tucked n e a t l y i n a h o t souffle O r f l avouring some rechauffe. So n e a t l y had they j o i n e d t h e bowl (Amid chopped c e l e r y p e t i o l e And radishes o f f i r m d e l i g h t ) Where I had p u t them f o r the n i g h t , My i n s t i n c t s knew t h e y ' d be superb! My mind a l i v e w i t h spice and herb, My matchless genius as a chef Was glowing as I searched the s h e l f Within t h e f r i d g e . But t o my shock A h o r r o r had usurped my stock O f mushrooms picked the day before. They'd k i l l e d themselves behind t h e door. Such h o r r o r ! I w i t h g h a s t l y groan Wept soundly on t h e provolone. A t l a s t , t o soothe my r u f f l e d state, I polished o f f a t r u f f l e plate. --Jennifer Muel l e r Wettlaufer 7930 C l i n t o n S t r e e t Elma, NY 14059

8

NEW MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH

S. K. ABDULLAH:

Coprophilous and S o i l Ascomycetes o f Iraq.

P. T. ARNOLD: On VA mycorrhizal i n t e r a c t i o n s w i t h sewage sludge and t o x i c metals; VA mycorrhizal response t o f i r e and associative d i azotrophs. T. E. CHASE ( w i t h R. C. ULLRICH): Genetic r e g u l a t i o n o f i n t e r s t e r i l i t y and speciation i n Heterobas id i on annosum ( Fomes annos us )

.

J. CLAUSZ: Molecular mechanism o f chromatin assembly i n Ph sarum 01 ce halum ( i n cooperation w i t h Timothy Herman, Biochemistry Department o f .the Me i c a Co lege o f Wisconsin).

+f-d---

0. CONSTANTINESCU: B. DMITRIEFF:

Monograph o f Plasmopara and a check-1 i s t of Peronospora.

N u t r i e n t media f o r c u l t i v a t i o n o f w i l d mushrooms; Boletus and Cantharellus.

J. EVANS (student o f T. M. HAMMILL):

.

L GUZMAN- DAVALOS and F. J . Jal isco, Mexico. E. B. GARETH JONES: R. KOFFMAN:

P e r i t h e c i a l and b u l b i l development i n Melanospora f a l l a x .

. TRUJ ILL0 FLORES:

Mushrooms , 1ichens , and myxomycetes from

Spore attachment i n marine, freshwater, and coprophilous fungi.

Investigations i n t o A s p e r g i l l us clavatus and Cunninghamell a echinulata.

L. J. LITTLEFIELD: Biocontrol o f l e a f y spurge (Euphorbi a esul a, a northern rangeland weed) w i t h pathogenic fungi. A. S. METHVEN ( w i t h R. H. PETERSEN): Mexico.

The genus Clavariadelphus i n North America n o r t h o f

G. MORGAN-JONES: Mode o f a c t i o n o f o p p o r t u n i s t i c s o i 1 Hyphomycetes i n b i o c o n t r o l of phytonematodes, i n c l u d i n g the r o l e o f d i f f u s i b l e t o x i c metabolites. M. MUELLER (student o f W. J. SUNDBERG) : Fungi associated w i t h Mountain Pine Beetle i n west c e n t r a l Colorado. S. L. PEELE:

Small scale (Mail order) "Wild Mushroom Farm" culture.

R. R. POHLAD:

Cellulose decomposition fungi.

S. A. REHNER:

Population genetics o f Agari cus campestri s and Agrocybe pediades.

A. Y. ROSSMAN: Iffunded, the Mycology Lab a t B e l t s v i l l e w i l l undertake research on t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f VA mycorrhizal fungi using advanced techno1 ogy.

R. SEYMOUR:

Zoosporic fungi o f southern Mexico.

M. SHERWOOD-PIKE and J. GRAY: Lake, northern Idaho.

Paleoecology and taxonomy o f a Miocene mycoflora from C l a r k i a

L. SHIH (student of J. AMMIRATI):

M. J. THIRUMALACHAR: pathogens. D. WEBER:

L i f e h i s t o r y and cytology of Laccaria.

A new b i o c o n t r o l agent against sclerotium-bearing soil-borne p l a n t

Characterization o f phytotoxin from Cryptosphaeri a popul ina, causal agent f o r Aspen canker.

J. F. WHITE ( w i t h G. T. COLE):

Lo1 ium and Festuca)

.

Fungal endophyte-host associations i n the grasses (e.g.

W. YUN : Hypogeous fungi--taxonomy and mycorrhizae. M. F. DOYLE:

Some common marasmioid f u n g i o f I l l i n o i s .

FUNGI FOR DISTRIBUTION ASCOMYCETES G. E. Templeton has specimens of Protomyces macrosporus on T o r i l i s japonica.

BASIDIOMYCETES R. T u l l o s s has specimens and c o l o r s l i d e s o f Amanita s p e c i e s - - p a r t i c u l a r l y Section L e p i d e l l a and l a r g e l y from t h e New Jersey Pine Barrens. S. L. Peele has a l a r g e s e l e c t i o n o f mushroom c u l t u r e s i n F l o r i d a Mycology Research Center's catalog. Dung inhabi t o r s are a l s o a v a i l a b l e - - d r y o r i n p r e s e r v i n g f l u i d . DEUTEROMYCETES G. Morgan-Jones has i s 0 1 ates o f Paecilomyces 1ilacinus, V e r t i c i 11 ium lame1 1 i c o l a , 1. 1eptobactrum, and V. chlamydospori um imp1 icated i n c y s t and r o o t - k n o t nematode pathology.

N. A. Weber informs us t h a t t h e Weber Ant Fungus C o l l e c t i o n (1. J. Robbins, 1969, Current Topics i n P l a n t Science, pp. 71-73, Academic Press, NY) i s maintained a t t h e New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458. These unique c u l t u r e s a r e from various a t t i n e a n t species.

FUNGI WANTED MYXOMYCETES

Myxomycete specimens or tree bark (identified) from Mexico.

K. L. Braun:

Myxomycetes , especi a1 ly collections from western North America.

S. L. Stephenson:

OOMYCETES

Peronosporal es , especial ly Pl asmopara.

O. Constantinescu:

Pythium ul timum isolated from floricultural crops, especially poinsettias.

G. W. Moorman:

ZY GOMYCETES

R. Koffman:

Cunninghamella echinulata and information related to cultivation.

W. J. Vail : Azygospores of Gigaspora spp. from soil.

ASCOMYCETES Valsa and Cytospora cultures (for a Ph.D. study).

K. K. Baker:

S. E. Carpenter:

T. I turriaga:

Specimens and cultures of Bisporella.

Cultures and specimens of Strossmayeri a (Helotiales).

E. B. Gareth Jones:

Isolates of Sordaria species for spore attachment work.

D. W. Minter: Specimens of the ascomycete family Rhyti smataceae (Rhyti sma , CoccomyceS , Lophodermi um, Hypoderma, etc. )

.

0. Petrini : Fresh collections of Rose11 inia spp. D. H. Pfister: L. J. Spielman: specimens. D. Weber:

Specimens of North American Pezizales. Valsa and Leucostoma from any host; Septoria from Salicaceae; cultures and

Morchel 1a species.

C. S. Yang:

Cultures or specimens of Tricharina spp.

BASIDIOMYCETES J. Ammi rati : Dermocybe coll ections with notes and color photos (Kodachrome), expeci a1 ly western materi a1 . D. Bermudes : Amani ta cultures.

A1 1 we1 comed, expeci a1 ly from amani tin-producing species.

D. E. Des jardins: Collections of col lybioid and marasmioid fungi from the Pacific Northwest (Col lybieae and Marasmieae sensu Singer). B. Dmi t r i e f f :

Cultures of Boletus edul i s .

Wi 1 d is01ates , with vouchers, .of A ari cus bisporus/brunnescens and other similar species (no A. bi torguis) ; notes e s s e h o d a c h r o m e s appreciated.

R. W. Kerri gan:

B. Liu:

Terrnel l a aurantia,

1.mesenterica,

and

I I

1.encephala.

A. S. Methven:

Collections of Clavariadelphus from North America with color notes and spore prints. Cultures of Clavariadelphus from North America along with a portion (dried) of the original col 1ecti on.

S. A. Rehner: Basi diospore prints and somatic cultures of Agrocybe pediades , Panaeolus foeniseci i and Agaricus campestris. Glad to reciprocate. Write for details, col lection, and handling of isolates. W. 3. Sundberg:

Specimens (with notes and/or photographs of Lepiota sensu lato.

R. Tul loss: We1 1 documented collections of Amani t a spp. with slides, i f possi ble--please inquire f i r s t . R. Vi 1 galys : Fresh cul tures and/or spore prints of Col lybi a dryophi 1a or Pleurotus ostreatus (with vouchers). Wi 11 ing to reciprocate with cultures of other desired material from my area. W. Yun:

Me1 anogaster.

DEUTEROMY CETES

E. A. Felix:

Isolates of pathogenic conidial fungi or yeasts from saline natural environments.

T. W. Gai ther: Dermatophytic hyphomycetes of medical significance and similar members of the Moni 1iaceae.

D. salina.

R. V. Gessner:

Cultures of Dendryphiella arenaria and

T. Iturriaga:

Cultures and specimens of Pseudospi ropes.

R. Koffman:

Aspergil lus clavatus, and any related information on culture.

M. E. Palm:

Trichocladium spp., cultures and specimens.

R. Roberts :

Isolates of A1 ternari a ricini , A. macrospora,

K. Seifert:

Cultures or specimens of any synnematous hyphomycetes--parti cul arly Sti 1be1 l a .

G. E. Templeton:

J. F. White:

A.

raphani

, preferably fresh.

Col l e t o t r i chum species.

Cultures of Coelomycetes.

MISCELLANEOUS J . A. Berry:

Cultures of fungal pathogens of maize, soybean, a l f a l f a , sorghum; and wheat. Call 51 5-270-3309 for permits and address.

P. T. Arnold:

Pure i nocul um of various endogonaceous mycorrhi zal fungi.

LATE ADDITION H. M. Saylor:

Dried specimens. of hypogeous and secotioid representatives of the astrogastraceous series, with or without notes or photographs.

1L

IDENTIFICATIONS

The f o l l o w i n g are w i l l i n g t o i d e n t i f y the taxa specified. OOMYCETES 0. Constantinescu:

Peronosporales.

ASCOMYCETES S. E. Carpenter:

(Discomycetes).

Strossmayeri a.

T. It u r r i a g a : Y.

Crocicreas, Bisporel la, Pezizella, and Hymenoscyphus

Kobayasi:

Cordyceps and i t s a l l i e s .

D. H. P f i s t e r :

North American Pezizales.

A. Y. Rossman:

Members o f the Hypocreales i n c l u d i n g Nectria.

L. J. Spielman:

Valsa, Leucostoma, and t h e i r anamorphs i n Cytospora.

BAS IDIOMY CETES J. Ammi r a t i : C o r t i n a r i us. M. S. G i 11ium- Davi es : Marami us. K. Sei f e r t :

Dacrymycetal es.

W. J. Sundberg: R. Tul loss: W.

Yun:

Lepiota sensu l a t o .

North American species o f Amani ta--please i n a u i re f i r s t .

Melanogaster.

DEUTEROMYCETES S. K. Abdull ah: Aero-aquatic c o n i d i a l fungi e s p e c i a l l y genera such as He1icodendron, He1icoon, Spirosphaera, Pseudaegerra, Candelabrum, etc. T. It u r r i aga : Pseudospi ropes. G. Morgan- Jones:

M. E. Palm:

Deuteromycotina.

Trichocladium and s i m i l a r genera.

J. F. White:

Coelomycetes.

MISCELLANEOUS

R. Seymour:

Zoospori c fungi, p a r t i c u l a r l y water molds.

M I T A PHALLOIDES--FOOD OF THE WDS! SO, DOIV'T EAT IT, UNLESS YOUIR?i'IMRTAL!

13

NEW B O O K S B Y MSA MEMBERS

The f o l l o w i n g announcements were r e c e i v e d i n response t o t h e MSA News1e t t e r q u e s t i o n n a i r e : Amy Y. Rossman. 1983. THE PHRAGMOSPOROUS SPECIES OF NECTRIA AND RELATED GENERA. Mycological Papers 150: 1-164. A v a i l a b l e from C.M. I . f o r about $25.00.

C.M. I.

Michael 0. Garraway and Robert C. Evans. 1984. FUNGAL NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGY. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Based on a fungal physiology course taught a t Ohio S t a t e s i n c e 1969, t h e book i s designed t o meet requirements of those needing t o know about fungal physiology. Due o u t i n June.

.

I s a b e l l e I.Tavares 1984. LABOULBENIALES (FUNGI, ASCOMYCETES ) . Mycol o g i a Memoi r No. 9. J. Cramer, Braunschweig. 000 pages, 56 p l a t e s , 22 f i g u r e s . Balacron bound. Special i n d i v i d u a l MSA member p r i c e ( f r o m J. Cramer): $30.00. H a r o l d H. B u r d s a l l , J r . 1984. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS PHANEROCHAETE (CORTICIACEAE, APHYLLOPHORALES). Mycologia Memoir No. 10. J. Cramer, Braunschweig. 000 pages, 46 f i g u r e s . Balacron bound. Special i n d i v i d u a l MSA member p r i c e ( f r o m J. Cramer): $15.00. Geraldine C. Kaye. 1984. WILD AND EXOTIC MUSHROOM CULTIVATION I N NORTH AMERICA. Farlow Herbarium, Cambridge. 32 pages. $4.00. (See Pub1ic a t i o n s Avai 1a b l e f o r more d e t a i 1 s ) .

SHOW THE GROWTH OF

MUSHROOMS IN YOUR CLASSROOM Our Mushroom MiniFarms arrive mature and ready to produce their first of several crops of edible mushrooms. Reliable and guaranteed, each MiniFarm comes complete with simple instructions. These "kits" provide a fascinating demonstration of reproduction in the higher basidiomycetes. By using several MiniFarms simultaneously, it is also possible to illustrate phototropism, geotropism, atmospheric control of basidiocarp morphology, mass sporulation, and many other phenomena (including the culinaryabilities of the instructor!) The following varieties are presently available: Shiitake (Lentinus edodes), Tree-Oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus ). Price: 516.95 each, ppd.; substantial discount for full cases. Please order well in advance. Specify desired week of arrival and date of class demonstration. Thank you!

PO Box 1333( M

)

Goleta, CA 93116

Your support of this business aids and abets a graduate student in mycology.

14

PUBLICATIONS AVAI LABLE--FOR

G I VE-AWAY)

SALE) OR EXCHANGE

Yosio Kobayasi has t h e f o l l o w i n g a v a i l a b l e f o r s a l e : HISTORICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL MYCOLOGY (1983), 25,000 yen + 1,500 yen ( f o r s u r f a c e mai 1 ) . Approx. $1 13.00 U. S. ICONQGRAPHY OF VEGETABLE WASPS AND PLANT WORMS (CORDYCEPS) 30,000 yen. From Kobayasi, 15,000 yen + 1,500 yen ( f o r s u r f a c e m a i l ) . Approx. $71 .OO U.S. Prakash Chandra J a i n has TRANSACTIONS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, Volume 20 (1979) f o r s a l e . C. Volbracht has a l o n g l i s t o f d u p l i c a t a , from F r i e s ' ICONES SELECTAE HYMENOMYCETUM t o small f i e l d guides f o r s a l e and exchange.

A. Weintraub has f o r s a l e MD Magazines ( c o l l e c t o r ' s i t e m s ) , c o n s i s t s o f Movies, A r t Medicine, e t c . , 50d p e r copy f o r a l l back issues. No l a t e issues o r r e c e n t ones. Have a good c o l l e c t i o n . Postage e x t r a .

GUIDELINES FOR LAB AUTOMATION i s a v a i l a b l e from J i l l S. Shipman a t ECO Instruments, One B r i d g e S t r e e t , Newton, MA 02158. Stephen L. Peele has LEUCOGARICUS GINERASCENS, a s e r i a l i z e d manuscript on a new psychoa c t i v e t o x i n (HPLC shows no p s i l o c y b i n ) . With spore sample f o r microscopy, $5.00. Bo L i u has two pub1 i c a t i o n s f o r s a l e : CLASSIFICATION AND ILLUSTRATION OF LOWER FUNGI, 1984. ( i n Chinese) and MEDICINAL FUNGI OF CHINA, 1984, ( i n Chinese) r e v i s e d and enlarged. Each i s f o r s a l e a t $5.00 ( i n c l u d i n g postage) o r exchange f o r any mycological book. Ross W. Davidson has numerous r e p r i n t s o f papers on f o r e s t t r e e diseases and wood defects t o g i v e away. Robert E. Macho1 wishes t o s e l l Boudier, t e x t and 324 p l a t e s , ( I n c l u d e s almost a l l Volume I - - A g a r i c s and o t h e r Basidiomycetes). $1,500.00. He a l s o has o t h e r o l d and r a r e books on mushrooms--send f o r a l i s t . Michael R. T a l l e y o f f e r s t h e f o l l o w i n g books f o r s a l e : Couche's THE GENUS SEPTOBASIDIUM ( 1 983) ; Z i n s s e r & Bayne-Jones ' A TEXTBOOK OF BACTERIOLOGY ( 1 939) ; Smith, Conant & Overman ' s MICROBIOLOGY, 1 3 t h ed. ( 1 964) ; Lennette, Spaulding & Truants ' MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 2nd ed. (1974); K i r k , Peel, James & Kershaws' BASIC MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY (1975); AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY: 1976-1980 (missing Vol. 66 No. 8; Vol. 67 No. 1 ) ; CANCER: Vol. 39 (1977), Nos. 4, 6; Vol. 40 (1977), Nos. 4, 5; Vol. 41 (1978). Nos. 1, 2, 3. 4; Vol. 42 (1978), No. 5. Each book o r j o u r n a l s e t ( a l l i s s u e s ) i s f o r s a l e a t b e s t o f f e r . INDEX OF PLANT DISEASES (USDA Handbook 165) i s a v a i l a b l e from D r . T e r r y K i r k p a t r i c k ; Southwest Research and Extension Center; Rte. 3, Box 258; Hope, AR 71801. Amy Y. Rossman has a r e p r i n t 1 i s t a v a i l a b l e . I f r e p r i n t requests were n o t answered, w r i t e again. Some requests were r e c e i v e d w i t h o u t names. J. Cramer r e p o r t s t h a t although Mycologia Memoir No. 6 (L. E. Wehmeyer. 1975. THE PYRENOMYCETOUS FUNGI) i s o u t o f p r i n t , No. 7 (M. E. Barr. 1978. THE DIAPORTHALES I N NORTH AMERICA WITH EMPHASIS ON GNOMONIA AND ITS SEGREGATES) and No. 8 (R. E. Hal 1 ing. 1983. THE GENUS COLLYBIA [AGARICALESI I N THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES AND ADJACENT CANADA) a r e s t i l l a v a i l a b l e from him a t t h e s p e c i a l i n d i v i d u a l MSA member p r i c e s o f $20.00 and $15.00 r e s p e c t i v e l y . P a r t s 1-5, a l s o a v a i l a b l e a t s p e c i a l MSA i n d i v i d u a l member discounts, can be o b t a i n e d from t h e New York B o t a n i c a l Garden. Stephen Beck has r e p r i n t s o f " F a c u l t a t i v e p a r a s i t i s m o f Spirogyra sp. by Saprolegnia asterohora and Pythium g r a c i l e . " Back, S. J., and K. Erb. 1984. J PHYfOL. 20: 13-19 i s avai 1a b l e upon request.

15 Geraldine C. Kaye's WILD AND EXOTIC MUSHROOM CULTIVATION I N NORTH AMERICA (1984) i s a d i r e c t o r y and b i b l iography o f up-to-date i n f o r m a t i o n on 1i t e r a t u r e , equipment, spawn, comm e r c i a l growers, and marketers i n t h e United States and Canada. It f e a t u r e s over 20 species o f e d i b l e mushrooms c u r r e n t l y grown o r o f f e r e d f o r s a l e i n t h e market place. Send $4.00 p l u s 504 postagelhandl i n g (Checks made payable t o Farlow Herbarium) t o Farlow Reference L i b r a r y , Harvard U n i v e r s i t y , 20 D i v i n i t y Avenue, Cambridge, MA 021 38, USA. P u b l i c a t i o n o f a new catalogue o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f A1 b e r t a Mold Herbarium and C u l t u r e C o l l e c t i o n i s planned f o r l a t e 1984. P r i c e y e t t o be determined. To g e t y o u r name on t h e m a i l i n g l i s t , w r i t e t o Lynn S i g l e r , Curator. Mrs. E l l e n Trueblood has f o r sale: MYCOLOGIA Vo,l. 72 (1980), No. 3, 4, 5, 6 ($1 p e r No. ) Vol. 73 (1981) complete; Vol. 74 (1982) complete; Vol. 75 (1983) complete. $6.00 p e r Volume p l u s postage. MYCOTAXON: Most issues from Vol. 1 No. 1 through Vol. X V I I , June 1983. Make offer. Rod T u l l o s s has t h e BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX TO NORTH AMERICAN LITERATURE ON AMANITA ( f o r c o s t o f m a i l i n g and reproduction)--over 200 c i t e d references; indexed f o r over 170 taxa. Alex L. Shigo notes t h a t TREE DEFECTS: A PHOTO GUIDE, USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment S t a t i o n , Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-82 i s a v a i l a b l e from t h e Superientendent of Documents, U. S. Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , Washington, DC 20402 f o r $6.50. John McPartland i s ( s t i l l ) w i l l i n g t o p a r t w i t h Vols. 72 & 73 o f PHYTOPATHOLOGY; Vols. 1, 2, 3 o f PHYSIOLOGICAL PLANT PATHOLOGY; and Vol. 67 o f AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY; a l l f o r $5.00 p e r volume. I

The Center f o r F o r e s t Mycology Research has l i m i t e d q u a n t i t i e s of r e p r i n t s of pre-1971 p u b l i c a t i o n s f o r d i s t r i b u t i o n . Some authors i n c l u d e H. H. McKaye, R. W. Davidson, 0. K. M i l l e r , J. G. Palmer, and o t h e r s who have been associated w i t h t h e CFMR. Send a self-addressed, stamped envelope t o Harold H. B u r d s a l l f o r t h e l i s t . Naohide H i r a t s u k a has t h e f o l l o w i n g a v a i i able: (1 ) J u b i l e e Pub1 i c a t i o n or1 the Seventieth B i r t h d a y o f Dr. Naohide Hiratsuka, 808 pp., 1973. $70.00, and ( 2 ) Commemorative Number on t h e Seventy-seventh B i r t h d a y o f Dr. Naohide Hiratsuka, 296 pp., 1980. Rept. T o t t o r i Mycol. I n s t . (Japan) No. 18. $35.00. A summarized h i s t o r y o f THE UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA MOLD HERBARIUM AND CULTURE COLLECTION and a d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e f a c i l i t y and i t s o b j e c t i v e s has been prepared by and i s a v a i l a b l e from t h e c u r a t o r , Lynne S i g l e r . (This e n l i g h t e n i n g two-page overview should be very u s e f u l t o a1 1 i n t e r e s t e d i n mycological h i s t o r y , c u l t u r e c o l 1e c t i o n s , and/or t h e Fungi I m p e r f e c t i . --ed. ). For those t e a c h i n g Forest Pathology, Alex L. Shigo notes t h a t t h e USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment S t a t i o n , F o r e s t r y Sciences Laboratory has some pub1 ic a t i o n s t h a t might be o f use.

SAID THE FARM-BOY UPON HIS RETURN FROM NEW YORK CITY, "I HAVE COENOCYTE WITH PEOPLE THAT A C W I A THAN US STAYING AT THE WALDORF HAUSTORIA. I'

MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 1 9 8 4 ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM Colorado S t a t e University , Fort Col l i n s , Colorado Saturday, August 4 A1 1 Day:

Foray t o Cameron Pass, n e a r Fort Coll i n s , Larimer Co.

, Colorado

Sunday, August 5 A1 1 Day:

Meeting of the MSA Council

Monday, August 6 Morning:

Afternoon:

Evening:

Session 1. Session 2. Session Session Session Session Session Plenary

Contributed Papers. Ecology: Mycorrhizal Fungi Symposi um. Eumycetozoan Phylogeny: Theoreti cal and Appl i e d Considerations 3. Posters. Biochemistry, Physiology, Taxonomy, and Ul t r a s t r u c t u r e 3. Posters (con' t ) 4. Contributed Papers. Biochemistry, Cytology , and Ul t r a s t r u c t u r e 5. Contributed Papers. Ecology 6. Symposium. U l t r a s t r u c t u r e and Phylogeny Session

Tuesday, August 7 Morning : Afternoon: Evening:

Session 7. Contributed Papers. Ecology Session 8. Symposium. Recent Advances i n Cytology and Genetics of Higher Fungi Session 9. P o s t e r s . Ecology and Taxonomy Annual Lecture. Cl i f f o r d W. Hessel t i n e . Fungi , People, and Soybeans Session 10. Contributed Papers. Physiology Session 11. Contributed Papers. Morphology, Taxonomy, and Genetics Awards Presentation and Soci a1

Wednesday, August 8 Morning:

MSA Breakfast and Business Meeting P r e s i d e n t i a1 Address. Richard T. Hanl i n . The Pedagogical Ascomycete Afternoon : Session 12. Morphology and Taxonomy Session 13. Symposium. Ecology of Fungi i n Field Crops with Emphasis on Mycotoxi ns Evening: Session 14. Symposium and Discussion. Mycology i n t h e Future Thursday, August 9 Morning: Afternoon:

Session 15. Contributed Papers. Ul t r a s t r u c t u r e Session 16. Symposi um. The Physiological Ecology o f Mycorrhizae: Community Ecology Session 17. Contributed Papers. Ecology and Biochemistry Session 18. Contributed Papers. Morphology and Taxonomy

I t s 'Role i n

ABSTRACTS Abstracts of t h e papers scheduled f o r p r e s e n t a t i o n d t t h e 1984 MSA Annual Meeting a r e included a l p h a b e t i c a l l y by author on t h e following pages. ,

J. E. A d a s k a v e g ----------

and I . Gilbertson, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721. Comparat ive Studies of Ganoderma lucidum (W. C u r t . : Fr.) K a r s t . a n d G a n o d e r m a t s u n a e Murr.

Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma tsugae have had a questionable relationship in t h e past. T h e a u t h e n t i c i t y o f t h e t w o s p e c i e s w a s d e m o n s t r a t e d b y c o m p a r a t i v e studies. T h e m a t i n g s y s t e m s o f G, l u c i d u m a n d G, tsugeg were confirmed and identified --a s h e t e r o t h a l l i c tetrapolar. Interfert ility tests between homokaryons of each species were negative. Comparative temperature studies between several isolates of each species from various regions of North America indicated d i s t i n c t optireal r a n g e s f o r e a c h s p e c i e s . G. l u c i d u m i s o l a t e s h a d a n o p t i m a l r a n g e f r o m 3 0 - 2 4 C w h i l e t h o s e o f G, t s u n a e h a d an optimal range from 20-25 C. Morphological comparisons bet ween each species were also conducted using bright field, H o f f m a n modulation, and scanning electron microscopy. These c o m p a r i s o n s i n d i c a t e d d i f f e r e n c e s in t h e basidiospore sizes, spore wall structure, and c u l t u r a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s .

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17 Department and Ecology Center. UMC 45, Logan, UT 84322 Prospects for mycological contribution to mycorrhizologyr A promising mutual ism

M. F. ALLEN. Biology Utah State University

Observations and experiments on the fungal symbiont of mycorrhizae have been continuous for over 100 years. Mycorrhizae were originally described i n a project funded to grow truffles. Despite this long heritage, the need for research on mycorrhizal fungi is extensive and not adequately being met. The number of papers on mycorrhizae listed in Biological Abstracts has increased 3-fold since 1 9 7 6 . ever, there has been no measurable increase in the rate of mycological contributions through that time. There have been no increases i n new mycorrhiza projects.reported in the MSA newsletter. no increase in number of mycorrhizal papers pub 1 i shed in Hycologia. and no change in "fungal-or iented" nycorrhi zal papers 1 isted in Biological Abstracts. Several promi sing direct ions have opened (or reopened) recently which demonstrate the need for differential effects on mycological input: e.g.. plants by different endophytes (both at the species and ecotype 1 eve1 ) and an imal-mycorrhizal fungus interactions. Agronomic interest has expanded tremendously with little expansion of mycorrhizal information presented in basic coursework in Agriculture or Biology. These observations indicate an opportunity and a challenge for mycologists to remain active in the pursuit of research and technology on one o f the two mycorrhizal symbionts. the fungus.

-

Adler, J. H., see Lewis, D. F.

E. B. ALLEN and M. F. ALLEN. Department o f Range Science and Ecology Center UMC 52, and Department o f B i o l o g y and Ecology Center UMC 45, Utah S t a t e Unive r s i t y , Logan, UT 84322. The p h y s i o l o g i c a l ecology o f mycorrhizae: i m p l i c a t i o n s f o r succession. Three hypotheses a r e t e s t e d t o demonstrate t h a t t h e abundance o f mycorrhizae r e g u l a t e s t h e r a t e o f succession. F i r s t , evidence i s presented t h a t mycorr h i z a l inoculum d e n s i t y increased w i t h time a f t e r a disturbance. Second, p l a n t s o f 1a t e r s e r a l stages have g r e a t e r p h y s i o l o g i c a l response t o mycorrhizae than those o f e a r l y stages. Experiments i n Wyoming sagebrush-grassland showed t h a t t h e pioneer species a r e predominately nonmycotrophic. Species o f l a t e r stages a r e f a c u l t a t i v e l y mycotrophic, b u t have g r e a t e r conductance, CO2 exchange r a t e s , and d r y mass increases w i t h mycorrhizae i f they a r e from l a t e than from middle s e r a l stages. The t h i r d hypothesis i s t h a t f i e l d i n o c u l a t i o n s w i t h mycorrhizae w i l l increase l a t e s e r a l species. Inocu l a t e d grasses i n t h e genus Agropyron had increased conductance a t water p o t e n t i a l s -3.8 MPa and had slowed phenol o g i c a l development compared t o t h e u n i i i o c u l a t e d p l a n t s . These measurements were taken d u r i n g a r e l a t i v e l y wet growing season, and no d i f ferences i n p l a n t cover o r d e n s i t y were noted due t o mycorrhi zae. Thus f u r t h e r observation i s needed t o t e s t t h e t h i r d hypothesis. I f mycorrhizae do i n crease dominance o f l a t e s e r a l species, then mycorr h i z a l abundance may be s a i d t o r e g u l a t e t h e r a t e o f succession.

Allen, M. F.,

see A l l e n , E. B.

M. F. A l l e n and L. E. Hipps. Ecology Center UMC 45, U t a h S t a t e Universit,y, Logan, UT 84322. Comparative Microclimates o f some Mycorrhizal Fungi: Requirements f o r Lonq-Range Dispersal o f Spores.

The a b i l i t y o f mycorrhizal f u n g i t o m i g r a t e o n t o a d i s t u r b e d s i t e m i g h t be a major f a c t o r a f f e c t i n g t h e r a t e o f succession o f t h a t s i t e . M i g r a t i o n r a t e may depend, i n p a r t , upon t h e microenvironmental s i t e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s from where t h e spores a r e produced and disseminated. We c o n t r a s t e d m i c r o h a b i t a t s of 2 species o f mycorrhizal f u n g i , Glomus f a s c i c u l a t u m and Russula emetica, from 3 s i t e s , a shrub steppe, a s p r u c e - f i r f o r e s t , and a Douglas f i r f o r e s t . Maximum s o o r u l a t i o n o f f a s c i c u l a t u m i n t h e shrubsteppe occurred i n d r i e r s i t e s (where p l a n t s have p r e v i o u s l y u t i 1i z e d s o i l m o i s t u r e ) . S p o r u l a t i o n s i t e s a l s o had lowered l i q h t i n t e n s i t y , h i g h e r P, N, and C. I n t h e shrub-steppe, Wind-speeds o f 10-15 m/s w i t h 5-7 m/s under t h e shrubs a r e common d u r i n g t h e growing season. Sporocarp f o r m a t i o n o f R. Et i c a occurred o n l y on s i t e s w i t h n o t a b l y h i g h moist u r e , N, and C concentrations. During sunny periods, t h e sporocarp was always l o c a t e d i n a s i t e w i t h reduced l i g h t i n t e n s i t y (29%). A 2-2.5 m/s wind a t ground l e v e l was necessary t o move spores from under t h e musroom, b u t t h e maximum g u s t measured was 1.5 m/s. These r e s u l t s suggested t h a t i n an a r i d s i t e such as Kemmerer, WY, adequate wind speeds and d r y s o i l s f a c i l i t a t e t r a n s p o r t o f VAM fungal propagules. However, i n t h e h i g h e r e l e v a t i o n mesic s i t e s . s p o r u l a t i o n c o n d i t i o n s f o r promoting wind t r a n s p o r t o f fungal propagules a r e minimal.

s.

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18 S. L. M1AG:IOSTAKIS P l a n t Pathology and Ecology D e p a r t n e n t , The Connecticut A g r i c u l t u r a l Experiment S t a t i o n , Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504. Use of v e g e t a t i v e c o m p a t i b i l i t y systems t o s t u d y n a t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n s of f u n g i . P o p u l a t i o n s of f u n g i c a n b e sampled and t h e i s o l a t e s t e s t e d i n t h e l a b o r a t o r y f o r v e g e t a t i v e compatib i l i t y (v-c). Most h i g h e r f u n g i and t h e Myxomycetes have t h e s e g e n e t i c s y s t e m s , which keep i n d i v i d u a l s s e p a r a t e i n t h e i r v e g e t a t i v e s t a t e s . Some popu l a t i o n s have l i t t l e d i v e r s i t y of v-c; a s A s p e r g i l l u s n i d u l a u s i n England, w i t h few v-c groups i n t h e whole c o u n t r y . O t h e r s have g r e a t d i v e r s i t y , a s C o r i o l u s v e r s i c o l o r , w i t h many v-c groups r e p r e sented i n a s i n g l e birch log. Plant pathologists have used v-c a s a t o o l f o r comparing i s o l a t e s o f p l a n t p a t h o g e n i c f u n g i from t h e same and from d i f f e r e n t h o s t s . Fungal e c o l o g i s t s and p o p u l a t i o n g e n e t i c i s t s could b e n e f i t from s i m i l a r s t u d i e s .

J.B. ANDEBSON, Department o f Botany, E r i n d a l e C o l l e g e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Toronto, H i s s i s s a u g a , O n t a r i o , L5L 1C6. U a t i n g type, ploidy, and p a r a s e w a l reccmbination i n Armillaria ~ l l e a .

A r m i l l a r i a m e l l e a i s an important pathogen a t t a c k i n g t h e r o o t s of many d i f f e r e n t p l a n t s . The taxonomic s p e c i e s c o n s i s t s of s e v e r a l m o r p h o l o g i c a l l y s i m i l a r but r e p r o d u c t i v e l y i s o l a t e d groups o r " b i o l o g i c a l species The g e n e t i c b a s i s f o r i n t e r s t e r i l i t y w i t h i n A. mellea is a s y e t unknown. Mating among haploid s t r a i n s within biological species i s determined by b i f a c t o r i a l h e t e r o t h a l l i s m , but compatible matings produce d i p l o i d r a t h e r than dikaryotic c e l l s . In the f i e l d , vegetative c e l l s are a l s o d i p l o i d . Because t h e fungus does not f r u i t readily i n the laboratory, I recently investigated t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of p a r a s e x u a l a n a l y s i s as an a l t e r n a t i v e t o m e i o t i c c r o s s i n g . Of s e v e r a l a g e n t s t e s t e d , benomyl was e f f e c t i v e i n causing somatic s e g r e g a t i o n i n d i p l o i d c e l l s with two t o f o u r heterozygous marker l o c i . Segregants homo- o r hemizygous f o r one o r more of t h e marker l o c i were recovered from d i p l o i d s s y n t h e s i z e d i n t h e l a b o r a t o r y and i s o l a t e d from t h e f i e l d . Numerous recombinants were found f o r most p a i r s of l o c i . Measurements of n u c l e a r DNA c o n t e n t by f l u o r o m e t r y of mithramycin s t a i n e d c e l l s showed t h a t a s expected d i p l o i d n u c l e i c o n t a i n e d twice a s much DNA a s h a p l o i d n u c l e i . Most s e g r e g a n t s had h a p l o i d o r near-haploid DNA c o n t e n t s s t r o n g l y s u g g e s t i n g abnormal s e g r e g a t i o n of whole chromosomes i n t h e presence of benomyl. I w i l l d i s c u s s t h e problems i n A. mellea t o which p a r a s e x u a l g e n e t i c a n a l y s i s may be a p p l i e d and t h e p o t e n t i a l of t h i s fungus i n f u t u r e mycological s t u d i e s .

."

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Anderson, J. B., Anderson, J.,

The a c t i v i t i e s o f soil-bound ( a b i o n t i c ) and r o o t surface enzymes have drawn t h e a t t e n t i o n o f r e searchers f o r several decades. These i n v e s t i g a t i o n ~ suggest t h a t enzymes o r i g i n a t i n g from microorganisms, p l a n t s and animals p l a y an i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n s o i l biogeochemical t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s and may be u s e f u l i n examining f u n c t i o n a l changes associated w i t h ecologi c a l phenomena. For example, changes i n a b i o n t i c enzyme a c t i v i t i e s have been associated w i t h success i o n a l changes i n p l a n t communities and i n response t o v a r i o u s types of environmental p e r t u r b a t i o n . Other s t u d i e s have shown t h a t r o o t - s u r f a c e enzyme a c t i v i t i e s a l l o w d i s c r i m i n a t i o n of p l a n t ecotypes adapted t o s p e c i f i c s o i l c o n d i t i o n s Recent s t u d i e s have demonstrated t h e presence o f phosphatases associated w i t h mycorrhizae; however, t h e i r p o t e n t i a l c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o mineral n u t r i t i o n rema i n speculat i v e . An assessment w i l l be made o f our c u r r e n t l e v e l o f knowledge concerning enzymes and m y c o r r h i z a l mineral n u t r i t i o n . P o t e n t i a l areas o f f u t u r e r e search w i l l be discussed, emphasizing how such research c o u l d c o n t r i b u t e t o o u r understanding o f mycorrhizal ecology.

.

R. APTA, B. FLANNIGAN and G.B. McFARLANE. Department o f Brewing and B i o l o g i c a l Sciences, H e r i o t Watt U n i v e r s i t y , Edinburgh, EH1 lHX, U n i t e d Kingdom. Studies on A s p e r g i l l u s clavatus and t h e m a l t i n g o f barley. Although n o t a common contaminant o f b a r l e y , A s p e r g i l l u s c l a v a t u s i s associated w i t h m a l t i n g o f b a r l e y and i s t h e causal agent o f m a l t w o r k e r ' s lung, an e x t r i n s i c a l l e r g i c a l v e o l i t i s . Once present i n a maltings, i t i s extremely d i f f i c u l t t o c o n t r o l and b a r l e y s t o r e d f o r m a l t i n g may become contaminated by spores o r i g i n a t i n g i n o t h e r p a r t s o f t h e maltings. Laboratory m a l t i n g o f contaminated b a r l e y from commercial m a l t i n g s shows t h a t t h e r e may be a 2500-fold increase i n v i a b l e counts d u r i n g production o f green malt. Damaged and pregerminated k e r n e l s and elevated m a l t i n g temperatures c o n t r i b u t e t o establishment o f t h e organism. Up t o 25% o f t h e v i a b l e inoculum i n green m a l t may s u r v i v e as spores a f t e r k i l n i n g t o produce f i n i s h e d ( d r y ) malt, and 5-7% may s u r v i v e i n r o o t l e t s and o t h e r r e s i d u e s screened o f f f o r i n c o r p o r a t i o n i n t o c a t t l e feed. S t r a i n s o f A. c l a v a t u s a l s o produce a number o f mycotoxins i n c l u d i n g a s c l a d i o l , c y t o c h a l a s i n E, p a t u l i n and two tremorgens. The t o x i c i t y o f h e a v i l y contaminated f i n i s h e d m a l t s and residues has been examined using brine-shrimp and t i s s u e - c u l t u r e t e s t s . Possible e f f e c t s o f t o x i n s on f e r m e n t a t i o n by Saccharomyces c e r e v i s i a e have a l s o been examined.

see H i n t z , W. E., e t . a l .

see Meyer, R. J., e t . a1

Anderson, J., see Mohan, M.,

see S i 1ver, J. C.

Andrews, J. H.,

see Kinkel, L. L.

see Thibaut, M.

.

et. al.

Andrews, 0. R.,

Ansel, J.,

R. K. ANTIBUS. Department o f Botany, U n i v e r s i t y o f Montana, Missoula, KT 59812. Enzymatic s t u d i e s : what m i g h t be learned about m y c o r r h i z a l ecology.

, et.

al.

P. T . ARNOLD and L. A. KAPUSTKA. Botany Department, Miami U n i v e r s i t y , Oxford, OH 45056. Sludge a p p l i c a t i o n and t o x i c m e t a l s : e f f e c t s on endogonaceous f u n g i and t h e i r h o s t s . The e f f e c t s o f long-term sewage s l u d g e a p p l i c a t i o n on VA m y c o r r h i z a l f u n g i was s t u d i e d a t Miami U n i v e r s i t y ' s E c o l o g i c a l Research Center i n Oxford, Ohio. The commercially produced s l u d g e M i l o r g a n i t e (6-2-0;NPK) h a s been a p p l i e d t o p l o t s on a monthly b a s i s d u r i n g growing s e a s o n s s i n c e 1978. An equival e n t n u t r i e n t i n p u t o f commercial u r e a phosphate f e r t i l i z e r h a s been a p p l i e d o n d i f f e r e n t p l o t s .

19 Other p l o t s had no n u t r i e n t amendment ( c o n t r o l ) . On t h e 5-yr o l d f i e l d which was employed f o r a p p l i c a t i o n , t h e e f f e c t of Milorganite on s o i l microbial populations, VA mycorrhizal fungal populations and phytomass were examined. Nutrient (C,N,P) and t o x i c metal (Cd,Cu,Zx) c o n c e n t r a t i o n s were a l s o determined i n Milorganite amended v s . f e r t i l i z e r amended vs. c o n t r o l s o i l and p l a n t t i s s u e . Clearing and s t a i n ing of Cirsium arvense, Festuca e l a t i o r , Zea mays and Geranium s p . r o o t s shows a s i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c t i o n i n VA mycorrhizal i n f e c t i v i t y i n t h e f e r t i l i z e r amended p l o t s when compared with both the c o n t r o l and sludge-amended p l o t s . D i s t i n c t d i f f e r e n c e s a l s o occurred i n the p l a n t s p e c i e s composition of each treatment. Experimentation involving varying conc e n t r a t i o n s of Cd, Cu, and Zn on mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal Festuca was a l s o performed.

Arnott, J. H., see Whitney, K. D.

R. Ma. hche'

+

*, J.

~ifuentea+and F. ~orea+.

Facultad de Ciencias, U.N.A.M. 70-509, C.P. 04510, ~Qxico, D.F.

Apartado Postal and ++~ireccidn

General de Flora y Fauna Silvestres (SEDUE), Mbxico, D.F. Distribution, biology and confinnation of Amanita phalloides in Mexico. Amanita ~halloideswas reported for the first tire in Me'xico in a location of the State of Guerrero (~ille@s, & &. ,1982). Later, an intense herbarium and field research allow broadening both its distribution and the knowledde about the morphological, microscopic, chemotaxonornic and toxic features that supporting its identification and reaffirm the presence of suoh species in Mexico. Even so, its precise localization in the forest it inhabits, made earier the realization of an integral analisis including important data such as habitat, habit, mycoflora, vegetation, soil, altitud, climate and ethnornicolo6y. The information obtained suggests this species is native rather than an introduced one, however, the historical aspeotm of the vegetation that has been introduced in those zones are being continuously studied.

Aronson, J. M., see Huizar, H. E., et. al. Aronson, J. bl., see Mullins, J. T . , et. al.

J. ASTIER.

65 Blvd. de la Liberation. 13001 Marseille, France. New or rare species of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. (No abstract)

W. W. Toxlcology 6 Blologlcal Constituents Res. Un l t, USDA-ARS-Russe 1 1 Research Center, P. 0. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613. The nature of amnonla lnhlbltlon In conldla of

C.

-.

Conldla of -a11 Iuf achraceus are dormant In the absence of exogenously supplled nutrients. However, In the presence of certaln soll types these conldla do not germlnate even though

nutrlents are supplled. It was determlned that ammonla was one soll factor responsible for the lnablllty of conldla to germlnate, produce a germ tube. The effects of ammonla were concentration dependent. Hlgh concentrations of amnonla (9.0 to 20.0 pg ammonla/ml of alr) were toxlc to conidla. Concentratlons between 8.0 to 0.5 pg amnla/ml of air Inhibited spore germlnatlon, but these spores germlnated when the ammonla was removed. The nature of conldlal lnhlbltlon was examlned uslng 1 4 c - l a b e l e d a m l n o a c l d s and s u g a r s . Ammonia-lnhlblted spores Incorporated exogenously suppl led amlno aclds and sugars Into several cellular fractions at the same rate as d l d nonlnhlblted spores. Amnia-lnhlblted spores dld not lnltlate proteln synthesis and It was conc 1 u,ded that l ow concentratlons of ammon la dlrectly or lndlrectly lnhlblted thls process w h l ch I s apparently necessary for germ tube devel opment.

Baker, R . , see Elad, Y., et. a].

B. J. Ballard, J. C. Cavender and I . A. Ungar. Botany Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH. 45701. The occurrence of v e s i c u l a r a r b u s c u l a r mycorrhizae i n some midwestern halophytes. The r o o t s of dominant v e g e t a t i o n i n a s a l i n e f l a t with t h r e e s a l i n i t y zones were s t a i n e d f o r VAM. The t h r e e zones were a h i g h l y s a l i n e A t r i p l e x zone ( s a l i n i t y of s o i l water 0.4-0.9%), a moderately s a l i n e Hordeum zone (0.1-0.4% ) and a nonsaline meadow zone. A t r i p l e x t r i a n g u l a r i s was not mycorrhizal. Hordeum jubatum was mycorrhizal. Incidence peaked i n midsummer a t 90% r o o t segments colonized. This high c o l o n i z a t i o n l e v e l was much g r e a t e r t h a n t h o s e found Transplants i n meadow v e g e t a t i o n (average 62%) were made of A t r i p l e x and Hordeum i n d i v i d u a l s i n t o t h e t h r e e zones. No VAM was seen i n A t r i p l e x a f t e r two months i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h e annual A t r i p l e x r e s i s t s c o l o n i z a t i o n even a t low s a l i n i t y . High s a l i n i t y decreased Hordeum c o l o n i z a t i o n and h e i g h t . Increased c o l o n i z a t i o n was s t r o n g l y c o r r e l a t e d with increased Hordeum h e i g h t i n both t r a n s p l a n t and p o t experimentappears t o augment Hordeum growth a t moderate s a l i n i t i e s b u t does not a i d d a p t a t i o n t o high s a l i n i t i e s . !~@corrhizai 21ioculum p o t e n t i a l s t u d i e s o f t h e Hordeum zone yielded very high values of 90-93% m g m e n t s colonized. These r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e t h a t VAM c o l o n i z a t i o n and i n oculum e x i s t a t high l e v e l s i n t h i s s a l i n e environment and t h a t VAM appears t o p l a y a s i g n i f i c a n t r o l e i n t h e growth o f a t l e a s t one dominant halophyte, H. jubatum.

.

J . BARONI. Department of Biological Sciences, S t a t e University of New York a t Cortland, P. 0. Box 2000, Cortland, NY 13045. The e f f e c t of humidity on basidiospore s i z e i n C l i t o p i l u s hobsonii. T.

I n v e s t i g a t o r s have noted t h a t basidiospore ( s p o r e ) s i z e may vary i n a s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t manner during spore production by basidiomata. This v a r i a t i o n i n spore s i z e may be d e t e c t e d i n a s p e c i e s population or even i n a s i n g l e specimen (Tange and Hillhouse, 1974; Parmasto and Parmasto, 1982). Parmasto and Parmasto (1982) b e l i e v e t h a t some of t h e important f a c t o r s which may produce d i f f e r e n c e s i n spore s i z e a r e caused by environmental c o n d i t i o n s ,

20 e.g. "weather conditions" and/or diurnal influences. One environmental condition which might influence spore size is relative humidity (RH). Gilliam (1975) has shown that in Marasmius rotula spores are not even produced until the RH approaches 100%. A basidiome producing culture of Clitopilus hobsonii (Berk. & Br.) Orton (A4227 TJB, ex Beltsville 445-22) was used to determine if differences in RH could significantly change spore size in this species. Basidiomata were produced under five different RH. At spore onset deposits were collected twice a day for three consecutive days or until sporulation ceased. An analysis of the variability in spore size due to differences in RH and due to the developmental stage of the individual specimens will be presented.

glass culture tubes containing vermi cul ite: peat 9 :1, gl ucose and mineral s. Procedures are underway to determine the nature of the association between i si formi s and various plants and precisely k h n d i t i o n s that will predictably bring about sporulation. This information verifies the ~reviouslv suspected identity of the cul tures i si formis sporocarps brigi nal obtained from and orovide a valuable m h e l u c i d a t i o n - ..- rnav ...-., r . of zygospore and zygosporocarp developmental sequence and requirements.

li

r.

Bertke, C. C., see Huizar, H. E., et. al. Bertke; C. C., see Mullins, J. T., et. al.

Biosyskmatics Res. Inst., Central E x p e r h t a l Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OC6. Endcchytrim multiguttulatm in pure culture. D. J. S. BARR.

A chytrid closely resarbling E. multiguttulatm Eognm grckls w e l l in axenic d t u r e on PnlII) agar

(0.1%peptonized m i l k , 0.1% tryptone, 0.5% dextrose, 1% agar). Follawing germination, the germ tube enlarges into a new sporangim and the zoospore cyst ramins p r s i s t e n t . The mture thallus consists of a subglobose to irregular sporangimwith one to several rhizoidal axes which are walled off a t neck level, and one or occasionally 2-4 broad discharge tubes. There is a small quantity of gelatinous material a t the ends of the discharge tube which, on zoospre release, fuses mmr?ntarily with the zoospores fo&q an evanescent vesicle. There is a v& mnspicuo& operculm. In the the zoospores are similar to those of Nowakmskiella and Cladochytrim.

M. E. BARR BIGELON. ----

Department of Botany, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003. Notes on the Calosphaeriales.

The limits and diagnostic features of the order are outlined. The unique centrum, comprising clumps of asci each with one or two long tapering paraphyses that form a peripheral layer, and the ascospores that are typically allantoid, are the most conspicuous features that unite members of the order. Variations in several character states -- development and type of stroma, arrangement of ascomata, length of beaks, number of ascospores per ascus, and septation of ascospores -- have been utilized as generic characters in the past. These are re-evaluated and a synopsis of accepted genera is presented.

S. M. BERCH and M. A. CASTELLANO. USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corval 1 is , Oregon 97331 Sporul ati on of Endogone pi siformi s in monoxenic cul ture.

.

Endo one isiformis Lk., type species of the &chycotina), has previously been Isolated and grown in pure culture. In inoculation experiments, it colonized leek on water agar and scots pine in growth pouches. Dead leek roots were invaded by vesicular and finely-branched hyphae. Hyphae were only superficial on scots pine roots but in both cases the fungus formed clustered, 1 ipid-filled vesicular structures. Sporul ation was not observed. Recently, typical zygospores and spwrocarps of E. isiformis developed in association wiih h d lodge pole pine in

M.

BLACKWELL AND R. L. GILBERTSON. Department of Botany, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721. Distribution and sporulat ion phenology of Myxomycetes in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. All pith samples from 68 dead saguaro cacti in 3 plots and 1 1 dead isolated plants in Saguaro National Monument, Arizona, produced at least one species of myxomycete upon incubation at Three species, Badhamia gracilis, 20 or 30 C. Physarum straminipes, and Didymium eremophilum, developed at high frequences on the substrates in moist chamber culture. Perichaena corticalis and Protophysarum phloiogenum were also present. Although previous literature reports indicate that Myxomycetes grow and sporulate best at low pH, these species a1 1 tolerated substrates of pH 8.7-10.4. Didymium eremophilum and P. phloiogenum had peaks in sporulation within b days; other species were slower. There was no difference in time of sporulation of sporangia of B. gracilis or D. eremophilum at 20 and 30 C; lowever, sporulaTion of P. straminipes was Reduced spore significantly later at 30 C germination of P. straminipes at 30 C may be a factor. Freqirency of P. straminipes in plants at higher elevations w a s significantly greater, and may be related to temperature; frequency of D. eremophilum at higher elevations was lower than-at elevations with higher substrate density.

FEREDITH BLAao.IoI and WTER RG5SI. oepartmmt of Botany, L w ~ s m n a State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 and via P. Trqo 28, I-a136 Rcm, Italy. Biogeography of Fungal Cbligate Parasites of Termites. least 20 species of fungi in 9 genera are &ligate parasites of termites and sane of their termitophiles. (Xle additional species is folold on a wider range of hosts. New collections of fungus-infected termites haw greatly extended the host and geographical ranges of several fungal species. Species of Antenropsis were p i w s l y k m frun Ncrth M i c a , Empe, Ma car, and New him. our remrt exterids the range T S a h t r irrrica, Africa, and kia. Laboolbeniopsis - termitarius, hi& was knolrn only frun the Lhited btafes and Italy, is m knarn frun Africa and Asia. The range of TRmitaria m t a has been extended frcm the New World, Ausb.aria, ZiTTFPhillipine Islands to the African and Asian continents; these new recurds indicate that T. cormata m y be nae m l y associated with tennit3 hosts. Species of the fanilies Termitidae and Rhinotermitidtie are the mxt amnxl hosts of all species; kwever, these fmilies &in At

LI

a large nudm of species, rmny of lrhidl have wide distributions. They also are mre carmonly exmined for fwl pathogens thm other termites. We have found no cases of s t r i c t host specificity or related host specificity kiew we have adequate collections.

JEAN BOISE --

Botany Department University of Massachusetts, MA 01003 Host p l a n t r e l a t i o n s h i p s i n a popular genus of Loculoascornycetes The name Trematosphaeria has l a r g e l y been a p p l i e d t o s p e c i e s found on woody s u b s t r a t e s . Yet,a s m a t t e r i n g of s p e c i e s found on monocotyledonous o r herbaceous dicotyledonous p l a n t s have been assigned t o Trematos p h a e r i a because of t h e i r morphology. Reappraisal of t h e morphological c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s by which Trematosphaer& i s - d e l i m i t e d supports t h e view t h a t Trematosphaeria s p e c i e s grow on wood o r bark,and d i s c o r d a n t elements a r e r e f e r a b l e t o o t h e r genera. Two s p e c i e s t h a t grow on palms o r bamboo s h a r e t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of A s t r o s p h a e r i e l l a s p e c i e s . A s p e c i e s described from c o l l e c t i o n s on c a c t u s s p i n e s appears t o belong t o S t u a r t e l l a . The i n h a b i t a n t of Iris rhizomes i s t r a n s f e r r e d t o s p h a e r i a . A s p e c i e s found on Artemisia has been designated type of Massariosphaeria. Furthermore, a second s p e c i e s t h a t has been named a s a Trematos p h a e r i a and grows on Artemisia s p e c i e s supports t h e concept t h a t *carpella s p e c i e s grow on h o s t p l a n t s from t h e Asteraceae.

m-

J. A. BOURRET Department o f B i o l o g y , C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Long Beach, CA 90840. Sugar t r a n s p o r t i n germinating P i l o b o l u s longipes spores.

P i l o b o l u s longipes sporangiospores germinate i n response t o a heat treatment and glucose. The e a r l y stages o f germination, however, do n o t r e q u i r e glucose metabol ism, as non-metabol izable forms of glucose (3-0- methyl-D-glucose o r 6-deoxy-D-glucose) proved e q u a l l y e f f e c t i v e i n a c t i v a t i n g spores. Ess e n t i a l l y no glucose was t r a n s p o r t e d a t 25OC ( t h e optimum temperature f o r m y c e l i a l growth), b u t a t 38OC uptake was immediately detectable. Moreover, t h e r a t e o f uptake increased r a p i d l y w i t h time. I have determined t h e i n i t i a l uptake v e l o c i t i e s over a range o f glucose concentrations f o r dormant and r e c e n t l y a c t i v a t e d spores. The uptake data a r e cons i s t e n t w i t h c a r r i e r mediated t r a n s p o r t b u t t h e Y, values f o r t h e two p o p u l a t i o n s d i f f e r by a f a c t o r o f about s i x (2.3 mM f o r dormant spores vs. 0.4 mM f o r a c t i v a t e d spores). The mechanism o f t r a n s p o r t i s most l i k e l y f a c i l i t a t e d d i f f u s i o n . The most d i r e c t upon a c t i v a t i o n i s an explanation o f the s h i f t i n a l l o s t e r i c change i n a c o n s t i t u t i v e t r a n s p o r t system, b u t t h e e x i s t a n c e o f a second h i g h a f f i n i t y (low ),,K, system t h a t becomes f u n c t i o n a l upon a c t i v a t i o n i s n o t r u l e d out.

S. M. BOYETCHKO and J. P. TEWARI. Department o f P l a n t Science, U n i v e r s i t y o f Alberta, Edmonton, A l b e r t a , Canada, T6G 2P5. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae associated w i t h b a r l e y under monocul t u r e i n Alberta.

Three types o f c h l amydospores, be1ongi ng t o t h e genus Glomus, were i s o l a t e d by wet-sieving and d e c a n t m s o i l from a f i e l d under b a r l e y monocul t u r e i n A l b e r t a . I n one type, t h e chlamydospores were present i n loose sporocarps,

while, i n the remaininq two types, they were formed s i n g l y . The two non-sporocarpic chlamydospore types, i s o l a t e d a f t e r about 2-month storage of the s o i l a t 4OC, revealed evidence o f extensive h y p e r p a r a s i t i s m i n t h e form o f p e r f o r a t i o n s and r e a c t i o n zones. The sporocarpic chlamydospores d i d n o t reveal any evidence o f hyperparasitism, i n d i c a t i n g t h a t they may be r e s i s t a n t t o t h e hyperparasites a f f e c t i n g t h e non-sporocarpic types.

J . P. BRASELTON. Department of Botany, Ohio U n i v e r s i t y , Athens, OH 45701

Synaptonemal complexes and karyology of t h e Plasmodiophoromycetes Nuclei of t h e Plasmodiophoromycetes a r e too small f o r a c c u r a t e observations of chromosome numbers and s t r u c t u r e by l i g h t microscopy. Synaptonemal complexes (SCs), however, occur i n n u c l e i of t r a n s i t i o n a l , cystogenous (sporogenic) plasmodia. The haploid chromosome numbers of s e v e r a l members of t h e Plasmodiophoromycetes have been determined by counti n g t h e number of SCs per nucleus by r e c o n s t r u c t i n g models of n u c l e i based on s e r i a l t h i n s e c t i o n s . Nuclear volumes, t o t a l l e n g t h of SCs per n u c l e u s , d i s t r i b u t i o n of SC ends a t t h e n u c l e a r envelope, and s t r u c t u r e of SCs a l s o a r e determined through s e r i a l s e c t i o n r e c o n s t r u c t i o n s . SCs of Plasmodiophora b r a s s i c a e do not have d i s t i n c t c e n t r a l elements Polymyxa, Sorosphaera, and l i k e t h e SCs of Membranosorus. Also, c e n t r a l regions of SCs i n P. b r a s s i c a e a r e narrower than those i n t h e o t h e r t h r e e genera. Pachytene n u c l e i of a l l members analyzed through s e r i a l s e c t i o n r e c o n s t r u c t i o n s have two p o l e s , each defined by an end-to-end p a i r of c e n t r i o l e s ; SCs end a t t h e nuclear envelope near t h e poles.

Brooks, J. L., see Longcore, J. G., Brown, J. K.,

see Wain, R. P.,

et. al.

et. a l .

T.D. BRUNS, D.S. SHUMARD, AND M.E.S. HUDSPETH. D i v i s i o n o f B i o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s , University o f Michigan, Ann A r b o r , Mich. 48109. A r e s t r i c t i o n l g e n e map f o r t h e m i t o c h o n d r i a l genome o f S u i l l u s v i s c i d u s . We have c o n s t r u c t e d a r e s t r i c t i o n / g e n e map o f t h e m i t o c h o n d r i a l genome o f t h e b o l e t e S u i 1 1 us v i s c i d u s (=S,a e r u g i n a s c e s ) Res t r i c t i o n enzyme a n a l y s i s was u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h a t t h e genome i s a c l o s e d c i r c u l a r m o l e c u l e o f 110 + 10 k i l o b a s e s . Our map i s b a s e d upon 3 2 s i t e s o f 8 r e s t r i c t i o n enzymes. Gene p r o b e s d e r i v e d f r o m p e t i t e m u t a n t s o f Saccharomyces were u s e d i n DNA t r a n s f e r - h y b r i d i z a t i o n e x p e r i m e n t s t o l o c a t e h o m o l o g o u s gene s e q u e n c e s for f i v e m i t o c h o n d r i a l genes. The o r d e r o f t h e s e gene s e q u e n c e s i n S, v i s c i d u s i s : ATPase s u b u n i t 9, S-rRNA, cytochrome o x i dase s u b u n i t 111, ATPase s u b u n i t 6, LrRNA. The r e l a t i v e p o s i t i o n o f t h e s e s e q u e n c e s i s u n i q u e among p r e v i o u s l y p u b 1 i s h e d m i t o c h o n d r i a l gene maps. We a l s o have p r e l i m i n a r y map d a t a f o r t h e m t genomes o f a s e c o n d i s o l a t e o f S. v i s c i d u s and 3 o t h e r S u i l l u s s p e c i e s . T h e poten-

22

t i a l u s e f u l n e s s of t h e s e data f o r phylog e n e t i c i n v e s t i g a t i o n s w i l l be d i s c u s s e d .

G. C. C a r r o l l .

E. D. BUNDERSON and D. J. WEBER. Utah T e c h n i c a l C o l l e g e , Provo, UT 84058; Brigham Young U n i v e r s i t y , Provo, UT 84602. F a c t o r s r e l a t e d t o t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n of f o u r r u s t s on J u n i p e r u s osteosperma.

Endophytic f u n g i have been d e s c r i b e d from t h e l e a v e s of a number of e v e r g r e e n p l a n t s o v e r t h e l a s t 15 y e a r s . The dominant endophyte i n Douglas f i r needl e s i s an undescribed r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e Hemiphacidiaceae whose anamorph o c c u r s on g a l l s of t h r e e c l o s e l y r e l a t e d Cecidomyiid f l i e s , C o n t a r i n i a pseudotsugae, C, c u n i c u l a t o r , and C, c o n s t r i c t a . I t h a s been s u s p e c t e d t h a t l e a f endophytes may f u n c t i o n a s m u t u a l i s t i c symbionts. That s u s p i c i o n h a s now been confirmed f o r t h e Douglas f i r endophyte: i n every sample of midge-infected n e e d l e s examined l a r v a l m o r t a l i t y proved s i g n i f i c a n t l y h i g h e r i n endophyte-infected g a l l s t h a n i n uninf e c t e d n e e d l e s . The fungus does n o t d i r e c t l y parasitize larvae; the basis for larval mortality i n g a l l s i n f e c t e d w i t h t h e endophyte is unknown. Conidia produced on g a l l s d u r i n g t h e wet f a l l and w i n t e r s e a s o n s s e r v e t o i n i t i a t e symptomless i n f e c t i o n s i n h e a l t h y Douglas f i r n e e d l e s . C o n t a r i n i a g a l l s a r e produced only on young, f i r s t - y e a r f o l i a g e . They appear t o become i n f e c t e d with t h e endophyte d u r i n g t h e d r y summer months p r i o r t o t h e o n s e t of t h e r a i n y s e a s o n w i t h s p o r e s from a n a s y e t undiscovered s o u r c e .

Department of Biology, U n i v e r s i t y of -!regon, Eugene, Oregon 97403. The dominant n e e d l e endophyte i n Douglas f i r i s a m u t u a l i s t i c symbiont.

The d i s t r i b u t i o n of Gymnosporangium inconspicuum Kern, Gymnosporangium n e l s o n i Arth., Gymnosporangium kernianum B e t h e l , and Gymnosporangium speciosum was determined on 17 pinyon-juniper s i t e s throughout Utah. T r a n s e c t s were e s t a b l i s h e d and 96 randomly s e l e c t e d t r e e s (on each s i t e ) were a s s e s s e d f o r symptoms a n d / o r s i g n s of r u s t d i s e a s e s . A number of environmental p a r a m e t e r s were c o r r l a t e d w i t h f r e quency and s e v e r i t y of t h e v a r i o u s types of r u s t s . L e v e l s of 5. kernianum i n f e c t i o n were favored by moderate r a t h e r than high temperatures and g r e a t e r t h a n a v e r a g e summer p r e c i p i t a t i o n . C o n d i t i o n s cont r i b u t i n g t o s u c c e s s f u l i n i t i a t i o n of 5. n e l s o n i i n f e c t i o n were more dependent on high l e v e l s of prec i p i t a t i o n t h a n were c o n d i t l o n s f o r inconspicuum o r G. kernianum. A l l Gymnosporangium r u s t s p e c i e s were l e s s f r e q u e n t i n s i t e s w i t h h i g h e r summer t e m p e r a t u r e s . Both 5. kernianum and 5. inconspicuum were more f r e q u e n t i n s i t e s w i t h lower w i n t e r temperatures. (~ymiosporangiuminconspicuum, 5. kernianum, and 5. n e l s o n i i n f e c t i o n s c o r r e l a t e d p o s i t i v e l y t o t h e number of stems of J. o s t e o s erma on s i t e s w i t h t h e highest t o t a l p r e c i p i t e . 10). ) sporangium kernianum seemed t o have t h e g r e a t e s t impact on h o s t v i g o r a l t h o u g h each s p e c i e s n e g a t i v e l y a f f e c t e d t h e h e a l t h of J. osteosperma. The c o r r e l a t i o n of s o i l n u t r i e n t s w i t h Gymnosporangium s p e c i e s was a l s o n o t e d . These c o r r e l a t i o n s do n o t permit p o s t u l a t i n g c a u s e and e f f e c t between h o s t , pathogen and environment b u t have suggested hypotheses.

c.

m-

Carmichael, J . H . , see Currah, H.

S.E. Carpenter. Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corval 1 i s , Oregon. 97331

.

The M t . St. Helens Eruptions: Mycological Phenomena Phoeni coi d Ascomycetes and Basi diomycetes , normally found on burned forest s o i l s , were primary colonizers of tephra. Large areas of tephra were colonized by anamorphic and teleomorphic states of Anthracobia melaloma within 20 days of the May 18, 1980 e r u p t i o n . p r e s e n c e of fungal colonies enabled growth of bryophyte and algal colonies on nutrient poor tephra. Fungal succession on tephra i s proceeding re1 atively slow compared to that in periodical 1 y burned forests. The thickness of tephra overlying forest s o i l , i t s low nutrient status, and the paucity of organic matter in many areas have slowed fungal colonization and will likely influence colonization of tephra by fungi competitive with phoenicoid fungi. Colonization of herbaceous debris from emergent vegetation i s primari 1y by i nopercul ate Di sconlycetes Secondary colonization on tephra i s by a number of phoenicoid Basidiomycetes, including ~yxomphalia & and Phol iota ful vozonata.

.

Castellano, M. A . , see Berch, S . H. Castellano, M. A . , see Li , C. Y . , e t . a l . Castillo, J . , see Wiencek, S . , e t . a l . J. C. CAVENDER AND T . N . LAKHANPAL. Department of Botany, Ohio U n i v e r s i t y , Athens, OH 45701 and BioSciences, Himachal Pradesh U n i v e r s i t y , Simla 171005, I n d i a . C e l l u l a r s l i m e molds of t h e Western Himalayas and s e l e c t e d t r o p i c a l f o r e s t s of I n d i a .

D i c t y o s t e l i d s l i m e molds were i s o l a t e d from 190 s o i l samples c o l l e c t e d from 30 s i t e s d i s t r i b u t e d among 5 c l i m a t i c zones of I n d i a : s u b a l p i n e , upper and lower t e m p e r a t e , s u b t r o p i c a l , and t r o p i c a l . 6353 c l o n e s of 14 s p e c i e s were i s o l a t e d . Based on d a t a of p e r c e n t frequency, d e n s i t y , and p r e s e n c e , Polysphondylium p a l l i d u m was t h e most important s p e c i e s country-wide, followed c l o s e l y by P. violaceum. D i c t y o s t e l i u m mucoroides was t h e most abundant csm i n t h e s u b a l p i n e f o r e s t but o c c u r r e d throughout I n d i a , a l t h o u g h l e s s abundantly t h a n i n Europe. g. minutum was a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s o i l s high ( > l o % ) i n o r g a n i c m a t t e r . It was most common i n t h e temperate oak f o r e s t and d i d n o t o c c u r o u t s i d e of t h i s zone. D. a u r e o - s t i p e s , t h e t h i r d most prominent s p e c i e s , was most abundant i n t h e lower temperate f o r e s t and was t h e most c h a r a c t e r i s t i c spec i e s of Himalayan f o r e s t s o i l s o c c u r i n g from t h e t r o p i c a l base a t 400 meters t o t h e oak-pine f o r e s t a t 2200. D. i anteum was t h e dominant s p e c i e s of t h e s u b t r o p ~ c a f:one where s o i l s a r e much d i s t u r b e d , e r o d e d , and low i n o r g a n i c m a t t e r . D. purpureum was t h e most prominent csm i n t r o p i c a l moist f o r e s t b u t was very r a r e o u t s i d e t h e t r o p i c a l zone. D. sphaerocephalum was a good c o m p e t i t o r i n soils s u b j e c t t o extreme d r y , h o t c o n d i t i o n s such a s t h o r n f o r e s t s o i l s . Acytostelium s p . and 2. polycephalum were o c c a s i o n a l , t h e l a t t e r o c c u r r i n g c h i e f l y i n warmer s o i l s . 2. tenue and 2. vinaceo-fuscum were c o n f i n e d t o t h e t r o p i c s . g. discoideum was n o t found.

Cavender, J. C., see ba: lard, 6. J.

Clay, K., see Jones, J. P.

G.P.

CHAMURIS. Oept. of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York, Col lece of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY. 13210.

K . W . COCHRAN. Depts of Epidemiology and of Pharmacology, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, and NAMA Toxicology Committee. Experience with a Mushroom Poisoning Case Registry.

The Sbecies Conce~t in pini-canadense Complex.

Reports of mushroom poisoning were requested from regional poison centers and mycological groups. In the first half-year the Registry has received 113 reports of 99 incidents involving 151 individuals and at least 63 species of mushrooms. Of the reported ingestions 77% were for food, 15% accidental and 8% for non-nutritional recreation. While the most reported species was Amanita phalloides (16), 14 of the cases involved a single incident. Other frequently reported species were Amanita pantherina (8)- Co rinus atramentarius and Gyromi tra esculenta antharellus ci barius, Chloro h 1 lum (6*a; no1 bdi t e w l m s e & a n d MorEhel la e s c u l m T h e presence of two generally acknowledged edible and choice species can be attributed only in part to concurrent alcohol. The only reported death was from Lepiota josserandii. As might be expected the most frequently reported effects were gastrointestinal; nausea, 54%; vomiting, 50%; intestinal cramps, 41%; diarrhea, 34%. Since most species are represented by only 1 or 2 cases and given the prevalence of idiosyncracy, any judgments are quite tentative. Many cases telephoned into poison centers are summarily resolved by the administration of ipecac. More extensive reporting of cases, where professional or amateur mycologists are involved, is needed.

the

Cvstostereum

Cvstostereum pini-canadense f Schw. \Pam. is a resupinate, liqnicolous hasidiomycete with a corticiaceous to hydnaceous basidioma, and comprises a morpholoqical species com~lex. The species involved are Radulum pini-canadense Schw., and Galz. and Odontia subahrupta Bourd. Peniophora oiceina Overh. ; all of which occur in North America. Thev differ orimarilv on the configuration of the hvmenobhore and the thickness of the basidioma, as we1 1 as an aobarent a1 lobatry in North America. Interfertility tests usinq monokarvons from all three moroho-soecics indicate that they have the notential to interhreed, althouqh 0. subahr~~btamay be qeoaraphical lv isolated from R. m - c a n a d e n s e and P. ~iceina at the present time. Yicromoroholoqv of the basidiomata and cultures aqree with interfertility tests that the three moraho-species comprise a biolooical species.

Cheung, P. J., see Gaskins, J. E. Cifuentes, J., see Aroche, R. Ma. Clark, J., see Hu, F.-S.

KEITH CLAY. Department of Botany, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. Positive intertions between grasses and fungi. The Balansiae (Ascomycetes, Clavicipitaceae) are a group of five genera parasitic on graminoids. All are systemic and typically sterilize their hosts. Many important forage and pasture grasses serve as hosts as does the grain crop rice. All Balansiae that have been investigated produce a variety of ergot-type alkaloids resulting in a variety of cattle diseases such as fescue foot and ryegrass staggers. In addition, infected ryegrass has been shown to be more resistant to insect herbivory compared to uninfected ryegrass. From the perspective of the host plant. infection appears to be advantageous by reducing herbivory and increasing vigor. Experiments in my lab have confirmed differential herbivory by the fall army worm on infected and uninfected ryegrass as well as on a number of other grass species. Experiments conducted with the native grass Danthonia spicata infected by Atkinsonella hypoxylon have demonstrated significantly higher survival, flowering, and growth rates compared to uninfected plants in a variety of field conditions. Competition experiments between Danthonia and a co-occurring grass also showed infected plants performed significantly better. Currently a number of analogous experiments with different grasses and other Balansiae species are underway. Surveys of populations of many hosts have revealed very high levels of infection in many populations, especially in older populations. These data suggest the relationship between grasses and the Balansiae is mutualistic rather than parasitic.

R. COLLINS. Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Myxomycetes: Reproductive systems, speciation and phylogenetics. 0.

Divergence of Myxomycetes from other eukaryotes probably occurred following introduction of syngamy and meiosis into the life cycle of ancestral amoeboflagellates. Most eukaryotes have lost the amoeboflagellate stage, but it is retained in Myxomycetes. A multiple allelic mating system would have been ideal for isogamous amoeboflagellate ancestors,so its existence in extant Myxomycetes is easy to explain. This sexual system is now combined with efficient asexual (apomictic) and vegetative reproductive modes. Selection for genes which permitted syngamy and meiosis to be bypassed, without prevention of plasmodium and spore production, marked a new level of reproductive sophistication. The same genes underdifferent selection pressures probably also control reversion from an apomictic to a sexual reproductive mode. Such a mechanism enhances chances of survival and opportunities for speciation through reproductive isolation. Reversible shifts between apomicts and sexuals in Didymium iridis (Physarales) and Stemonitis flavogenita (Stemonitales) are known and their operation in seven additional Physaralean species in three apomicgenera is implied by existence of sexual& tic isolates in each of the seven species. Further, genetical and isozymal data for D. iridis show each apomict tends to be divergent from others as well as from sexuals. Conversely, interbreeding sexuals tend to show little divergence from one another. Inasmuch as biological diversification originates with divergence between members of the same species, I will discuss our findingsin the context of speciation and phylogenetics

.

24 Cooper,

J. O., see Ellzey, J. T.

Cotter, D.

A.,

see Glaves,

M. L.

Cotter,

D. A., see Seshadri, J., et. al.

Currah,

R. S., see Sigler, L., et. al.

R. CURRAH and J.W. CARMICHAEL. U. of A. Devonian Botanic Garden, and University of Alberta Mold Herbarium and Culture Collection. Edmonton. AB T6G 1E9. Ascospores, enzymes and anamorphs, and the taxonomy of the Onygenales. Using correlations between ascospore sculpturing, degradative capacity, and mechanism of anamorph dehiscence, four families can be defined within the order Onygenales: Arthrodermataceae, Gymnoascaceae Onygenaceae and Myxotrichaceae. Most taxa with the abi 1 ity to degrade keratin, formerly distributed between the Gymnoascaceae and Onygenaceae, have a distinct pitting pattern on the ascospore wall in addition to rhexolytically dehiscing conidia. These taxa comprise the Onygenaceae. Keratinolytic species with smooth ascospores and a tendency to form phragmoconidia are placed in the Arthrodermataceae. Cellulolytic species with smooth, or longitudinally striate, oblong to fusoid ascospores are placed in the Myxotrichaceae. The Gymnoascaceae has smooth or undulate walled ascospores which often have polar and/or equatorial thickenings. Some are mildly cellulolytic but most do not have marked substrate preferences and anamorphs are rare.

-

Dimond, R. Dove,

L., see Seshadri, J., et. al.

M. B., see Powell, M. J., et. al.

S. E. DUBOIS and R. W. SCHEETZ. Dept. of Biological Sciences, Univ. Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5018. Localization of actin in spores and swarm cells of Myxomycetes. Spores possessed intense fluorescent foci when stained with nitro-benzo-oxadiazole-phallacidin (NBD-Ph). Fluorescent foci migrated to the spore periphery as germination proceeded. Germinated spores lost the discrete foci and showed no fluorescense once protoplast emerged. Fluorescense was lacking in unstained controls or controls extracted with KI. Actin may be involved in spore germination by moving enzymatic vesicles to the spore periphery during the gemination process. The posterior region of the flagellate stage of Myxomycetes fluoresced when treated with NBD-Ph. The anterior region, encompassing the basal bodies and nucleus, showed little or no fluorescen~e. Presence of actin was confirmed using a KI extractant control. Disrupted negatively stained preparations viewed in the transmission electron microscope revealed a dense filamentous network that bound heavy meromyosin producing typical arrowhead-decorated filaments.

M. T. Dunn. Mycogen Corp., 5451 Oberlin Dr., San Diego CA 92121. Mycology in industry, applied research. In the past industrial mycology has been somewhat in disfavor with many students of mycology because of

its pedestrian aura. In fact deep tank fermentation of fungi for the production of antibiotics or industrial acids does indeed fit this conception. But today we find ourselves in the middle of a boom in biotechnology. Genetic engineering has brought advances made in basic reseach to the applied arena. Although much of this work has been with bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi are gaining prominence in many situations. Advances in agricultural science has brought biological control of pests to the forefront in recent years. Companies are beginning to arise with the task of producing these biocontrol agents on a large scale. The production of these fungi is often not amenable to existing fermentation technology and therefore the future should provide an interesting platform from which new and diverse processes will be launched.

P. H. D U N N and D. R. R E Y N O L D S . Pacific Southwest Forest and R a n g e Experiment Station, U S Forest Service, 4955 C a n y o n Crest Drive, Riverside, C A 92507 and Natural History Museum, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, C A 90007. Characterization of saprobic fungi which exist as obligate epiphytes. Fourteen pure culture isolates of sooty molds from Florida, Louisiana, and California are studied. individual and combined physiology and morphology data sets are compared as three-dimensional cluster patterns. The deuterocapnodiaceous genera Chaetasbolisia, L e p t o x y p h i z , and Polychaeton represent the clustered isolates.

Dupler, M., Duran,

see Elad, Y.,

et. al.

R., see Fuentes-Davila, G.

M. J . D Y K S T R A . A n a t o m y and R a d i o l o g y , University o f G e o r g i a , A t h e n s , G A 30602. A structural c o m p a r i s o n o f g l o e o p l e r o u s h y p h a e and gloeocystidia in Hericium and Clavicorona. Cystidia a r e frequently u t i l i z e d in t a x o n o m y o f the Holobasidiomycetes. They h a v e had various functional r o l e s a s c r i b e d to t h e m over the last 2 0 0 years. U n f o r t u n a t e l y , most of o u r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f c y s t i d i a l s t r u c t u r e s is based o n very few studies. This paper represents the genesis o f a n o n going study of the structural c h a r a c t e r i s tics of c y s t i d i a of various types. F u t u r e a t t e m p t s will be made to r e l a t e the f u n c t i o n o f c y s t i d i a to thei r structure. C l a v i c o r o n a and Hericium w e r e examined in this study because D O N K noted that their t a x o n o m i c placement in d i f f e r e n t f a m i l i e s is based on pos i ti ve negat i ve geotrop i sm more than o n any cytological o r d e v e l o p m e n t a l f e a t u r e s . Hericium has a we1 I-developed g l o e o c y s t i d i a l population a r i s i n g f r o m g l o e o p l e r o u s h y p h a e w h i l e C l a v i c o r o n a has e x t e n s i v e g l o e o p l e r o u s h y p h a e w i t h far fewer cystidia. They both have a n a p p a r e n t t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f 1 ipid bodies in t h e s e e l e m e n t s into granular a n d then c r y s t a l l i n e materials during the a p p r o a c h of cel l ular senescence. In Herici um most o f the mature c y s t i d i a h a v e f r a c t u r e d wa l l s , lending s o m e c r e d e n c e to the a r g u m e n t

t h a t these a r e "excretory" s t r u c t u r e s a s p r o p o s e d by s u c h a u t h o r s a s CLEMENCON.Wal1 s t r u c t u r e s i n t h e two g e h e r a d i f f e r .

H .R. LIFSHITZ, M. DUPLER and R. BAKER. Botany Department, Colorado S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Fort C o l l i n s 80523. Scanning e l e c t r o n and l i g h t microscopy of i n t e r a c t i o n between Pythium and s e v e r a l s o i l fungi.

Y_.

=

Hyphal i n t e r a c t i o n s between t h e r e c e n t l y described mycoparasite Pythium and t h r e e s p e c i e s of Pythium, two s p e c i e s of Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia s o l a n i and Sclerotium r o l f s i i were observed using phase c o n t r a s t and scanning e l e c t r o n microscopy. P. nunn produced t h i n , s l e n d e r s i d e branches t h a t were appressed a g a i n s t t h e s u r f a c e of h o s t hyphae during t h e i n i t i a l s t a g e s of p a r a s i t i s m . I n l a t e r s t a g e s , two d i f f e r e n t t y p e s of i n t e r a c t i o n were observed. I n one t y p e , massive c o i l i n g around h o s t hyphae and immediate disappearance of i t s cytoplasm was noted with Pythium ultimum and P. vexans; wherea s with P. aphanidermatum, Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. p a r a s i t i c a , 2. r o l f s i i and young mycelium of 5. s o l a n i , t h e mycoparasite p a r t i a l l y encompassed h o s t hyphae and e i t h e r g l o b u l a r a p p r e s s o r i a o r i n f e c t i o n pegs were formed. The mycoparasite o c c a s i o n a l l y p e n e t r a t e d h o s t hyphae and p a r t i a l degradation of c e l l w a l l m a t e r i a l was observed i n SEM micrographs. I n v i t r o t e s t s suggested t h a t E. was n o t p a r a s i t i c t o 1 0 s p e c i e s of f u n g i i n e i g h t genera which a r e members of t h e c l a s s Deuteromycetes.

=

25 J. T. ELLZEY and M. 0. COOPER. Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 7 9 9 6 8 . "Viruslike particles" within hypovirulent and convert strains of Endothia parasitica. Thin sections of freeze-substituted Endothia arasitica, Ep 6 7 , Italian virulent strain; 113, French hypovirulent strain; Ep 67F. a convert resulting from the cross between Ep 67 and Ep 113; and Ep 155F, a convert resulting from Ep 155 x Ep 113 were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Aggregates of "viruslike particles (VLPs)" were observed in the hypovirulent and the convert strains, but not in the virulent strains. The "VLPs" measured 3 1 - 8 0 nm in d i m . Utilizing a polyethylene glycol extraction procedure followed by negative staining with 0 . 5 % uranyl acetate, two subpopulations of spherical particles (21-42 nm in diam) and (52-92 nm in diam) were obtained from both the hypovirulent and convert strains. No such particles were isolated from the virulent strains.

gp

Evans, R. C . , see Stempen, H. Fa1 l o n , R. D.

, see

F e d e r i c i , B. A.,

Newel 1, S. Y .

see L u c a r o t t i , C. J.

Flannigan, B . , see Apta, R.

FUENTES-DAVILA and R. D U ~ . Department of P l a n t Pathology, Washington S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Pullman, WA 99164-6430. T i l l e t i a i n d i c a : Cytological a s p e c t s of t e l i o s p o r e formation i n v i t r o .

J . J. ELLIS. Northern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, P e o r i a , IL 61604. Species and v a r i e t i e s i n t h e Rhizopus arrhizus-Rhizopus oryzae group a s i n d i c a t e d by t h e i r DNA.

G.

DNA r e n a t u r a t i o n experiments suggest t h a t many s p e c i e s i n t h e Rhizopus arrhizus-R. oryzae group have been too narrowly defined on morphological or physiol o g i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . The e x t e n t of DNA r e l a t e d n e s s among 11 a u t h e n t i c a t e d s t r a i n s and v a r i e t i e s of R. a r r h i z u s , R. o r y z a e , R. delemar, and Amylomyces r o u x i i shows t h a t a l l could well f i t within t h e same s p e c i e s . A. r o u x i i is r e t a i n e d a s a v a r i e t y on morphological c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s even though DNA r e a s s o c i a t i o n with R. a r r h i z u s and R. oryzae showed a high degree of r e l a t e d n e s s . R. delemar and i t s v a r i e t i e s minus and m u l t i p l i c i s s i s p o r u s a s well a s R. a r r h i z u s v a r . delemar, 5. chunkuoensis v a r i s o f e r mentarius, and R. j a v a n i c u s v a r . kawasakiensis a l l showed a very high DNA r e l a t e d n e s s with one another but somewhat l e s s with R. a r r h i z u s . It i s proposed t h a t t h i s l a t t e r group of names be r e f e r r e d t o a s v a r i e t y delemar f o r t h e s p e c i e s based on morphologic a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s supported by e x t e n t of DNA r e l a tedness. R. microsporus showed low DNA r e l a t e d n e s s with t h e preceding s p e c i e s t h a t c l e a r l y i n d i c a t e s it a s a d i s t i n c t s p e c i e s . It i s concluded t h a t t h e above s p e c i e s and v a r i e t i e s , e x c l u s i v e of R. microsporus, can be accommodated i n t h e following t h r e e taxa: R. a r r h i z u s v a r . a r r h i z u s F i s c h e r , R. a r r h i z u s v a r . r o u x i i (went e t G e e r l . ) E l l i s , and 5. a r r h i z u s v a r . delemar ( w e h e r e t Hanz.) E l l i s .

Teliospores formed i n profusinn a t room temperature when mycelium of T i l l e t i a i n d i c a was i s o l a t e d from a r t i f i c a l l y i n f e c t e d wheat k e r n e l s and grown on pot a t o sucrose agar. Moreover, t h e sporogenous mycelium formed t e l i o s p o r e s i n d e f i n i t e l y , d e s p i t e repeated subculturing. Early developmental s t a g e s of t h e fungus s t a i n e d with HCL-Giemsa showed t h a t t h e sporogenous mycelium was d i k a r y o t i c and had some c e l l s which resembled clamp connections. Probnsidia were terminal and i n t e r c a l a r y and contained two n u c l e i presumed t o be conjugately a s s o c i a t e d . T e l i o s p o r e s , however, contained one nucleus which suggested t h a t n u c l e i i n p r o b a s i d i a were haploid and fused d u r i n g sporogenesis. Promycelia contained hundreds of postm e i o t i c n u c l e i . One nucleus e n t e r e d each primary sporidium b u t , a f t e r one o r two m i t o s e s , up t o f o u r n u c l e i separated by s e p t a were seen i n mature s p o r i d i a . I n primary and secondary s p o r i d i a , and i n sporogenous and somatic mycelia, t h r e e p a i r s of chromosome-like bodies were seen which suggested t h a t n=3. Primary s p o r i d i a d i s s o c i a t e d i n c u l t u r e , formed secondary, mononucleate, f a l c a t e s p o r i d i a o r germina t e d d i r e c t l y ; secondary s p o r i d i a germinated by rep e t i t i o n o r d i r e c t l y . Despite t h e i r m u l t i n u c l e a t e c o n d i t i o n , t h e h e t e r o t h a l l i c n a t u r e of monosporidial l i n e s was confirmed when t e s t s showed t h a t only p a i r e d l i n e s of opposite mating type were pathogenic.

.

26 M. S. FULLER and

M. L. GLAVES and D. A. COTTER. U n i v e r s i t y of Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4. I s o l a t i o n and p a r t i a l i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of t h e a u t o a c t i v a t o r r e l e a s e d d u r i n g spore germination of Dictyostelium discoideum.

U. G i s i . Department of Botany, U n i v e r s i t y of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Mycology and t h e phenylamide f u n g i c i d e s .

The phenylamides, namely metalaxyl o r r i d o m i l , were introduced i n t h e l a t e 1970's and a r e used systemic a l l y t o c o n t r o l d i s e a s e s caused by f u n g i i n t h e o r d e r Peronosporales. Ridomil and SAN 371F a r e compared i n v i t r o a s t o t h e i r i n f l u e n c e on t h e growth and reproduction of Phytophthora palmivora, namely on sporangium r e l e a s e , spore behavior, encystment, germling development, and hyphal growth. U n t i l now t h e phenylamide f u n g i c i d e s were thought t o be s p e c i f i c f o r members of t h e Peronosporales. Data w i l l be presented t o show t h a t zoosporic f u n g i in o t h e r o r d e r s a r e a l s o s e n s i t i v e t o phenylamides in v i t r o . S e n s i t i v i t y may be c o r r e l a t e d with capacity t o s y n t h e s i z e s t e r o l s . The r e l a t i o n s h i p of t h e s e s t u d i e s t o t h e mechanism of a c t i o n of phenylamides w i l l be discussed.

S. A. FULTZ, Dept. of B i o l o g i c a l Sciences, Stanford U n i v e r s i t y , S t a n f o r d , CA 94305. A cold a d a p t a t i o n mechanism i n Flannnulina v e l u t i p e s .

P a t t e r n s of s o l u b l e carbohydrate compounds a r e compared i n f o u r geographical i s o l a t e s of P, v e l u t i p e s grown a t 25, 1 5 , and 5C. A l l i s o l a t e s show increased c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of sugar alcohols a t dec r e a s i n g growth temperatures. I n a d d i t i o n , t h e r e a r e compositional d i f f e r e n c e s between t h e s t r a i n s a t 25C t h a t appear t o c o r r e l a t e with s i t e of o r i g i n ; more n o r t h e r n s t r a i n s have more polyols.

J. E. Gaskins and P. J. Cheung. Osborn L a b o r a t o r i e s of Marine Sciences, New York Aquarium, New York Zoological s o c i e t y , Brooklyn, N .Y. 11224. Exophiala pisciphiIus a s t u d y of . i t s l i f e cycle.

--

G i 1b e r t s o n , R. L. Gilbertson, R. L., G i s i , U.,

type s p o r e s of Dictyostelium discoideum a r e capable of spontaneously germinating. This phenomenon i s c a l l e d a u t o a c t i v a t i o n and i s accompanied by t h e rel e a s e of s t i m u l a t o r y f a c t o r s d u r i n g s p o r e s w e l l i n g . l h e s t i m u l a t o r y f a c t o r s have t h e a b i l i t y t o cause r a p i d and synchronous germination i n subsequent s p o r e populations. Simple bioassays were devised f o r t h e r o u t i n e d e t e c t i o n of t h e s e f a c t o r s i n p o s t germination s u p e r n a t a n t s . The bioassays were a l s o used t o monitor c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of t h e f a c t o r s d u r i n g i s o l a t i o n and p u r i f i c a t i o n procedures. These f a c t o r s , r e f e r r e d t o as a u t o a c t i v a t o r s , s e p a r a t e i n t o two major peaks of a c t i v i t y when f r a c t i o n a t e d on Sephadex LH-20 columns (1.5 x 4 0 cm). Based on g e l f i l t r a t i o n s t u d i e s with Sephadex LH-20, a s t i m u l a t o r y compound in t h e second major peak appears t o have a molecular weight of s l i g h t l y l e s s t h a n 1000 d a l t o n s . Exposure of e i t h e r crude o r p a r t i a l l y p u r i f i e d a u t o a c t i v a t o r t o a c i d or a l k a l i n e phosphatase for 60 minutes a t 3 7 ' ~ results i n a 50 5 t o 70 % d e c r e a s e i n s t i m u l a t o r y a c t i v i t y . ?his d e c r e a s e i n a c t i v i t y suggests t h a t the autoactivator contains a t l e a s t one exposed phosphate group which appears t o be r e q u i r e d f o r maximal s t i m u l a t o r y a c t i v i t y . P r e l i m i n a r y s e p a r a t i o n of t h e a u t o a c t i v a t o r from contaminating molecules u s i n g anion exchange HPLC, coupled with a s s a y of t h e e l u t i n g f r a c t i o n s , i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e a u t o a c t i v a t o r is a d e r i v a t i v e of adenine.

D. A . GLAWE. Department of P l a n t Pathology. Univers i t y of I l l i n o i s , Urbana, IL 61801. V a l s a r i a insitiva i n a r t i f i c i a l culture.

.

Exophiala p i s c i p h i l u s McGiunis and A j e l l o was i s o l a t ed from t h e b r a i n l e s i o n of t h e -00th dogfish, Mustelus c a n i s ( M i t c h i l l ) , which was born i n t h e shark e x h i b i t a t t h e New York Aquarium. This i s o l a t e grew b e s t on P o t a t o Dextrose Agar i n complete darkn e s s a t 24-2E0c. Retarded growth was observed i n media w i t h high s a l i n i t i e s (1.e. 55 o/oo and above). Benomyl, a p l a n t f u n g i c i d e , i n h i b i t e d hyphal development a t 0.01 ppm and above; while c o n i d i a germination was n o t prevented, except a t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of 500 ppm and above.. The normal developmental s t a g e s were s t u d i e d by l i g h t and scanning e l e c t r ~ nmicroscopy over a 6-day period. Conidia germinated w i t h i n 24-36 h r post-inoculation. By day-3, mycelium formation had s t a r t e d . * Melanization began on day-4, which was followed by a n i n i t i a t i o n of a e r i a l hyphae on day-5. A f t e r 5 days of development, t h e mycelium continued : t o grow i n diameter and produced long a e r i a l hyphae, which gave t h e colony a r a i s e d , b l a c k i s h mouse grey appearance.

G i l b e r t s o n , R. L . ,

I t has p r e v i o u s l y been shown t h a t mutant o r aged w i l d

Stromata of an I l l i n o i s c o l l e c t i o n of V a l s a r i a i n s i t i v a (Tode : F r . ) Ces. & de Not. were soaked i n water 3 h and allowed t o f o r c i b l y d i s c h a r g e ascospores onto Difco potato-dextrose a g a r (PDA). Sing l e and mass ascospore i s o l a t e s were c u l t u r e d on PDA and subjected t o 10 h f l u o r e s c e n t l i g h t a t 20 C f o l lowed by 14 h of darkness a t 15 C per day. Ascospores germinated by producing y e a s t - l i k e budding c e l l s through i r r e g u l a r f i s s u r e s i n t h e c e l l w a l l s ; ascospores on h o s t bark germinated s i m i l a r l y . I n c u l t u r e , t h e y e a s t - l i k e c e l l s continued t o bud indefi n i t e l y , but e v e n t u a l l y some produced germ tubes, res u l t i n g i n mycelial c o l o n i e s i n which hyphae formed c o n i d i a from l a t e r a l , p e r c u r r e n t l y p r o l i f e r a t i n g l o c i i n a manner reminiscent of Exophiala Cam. Hyphal c e l l s sometimes d i s a r t i c u l a t e d t o form a r t h r o s p o r e l i k e c e l l s . A f t e r approximately 2 wk c o l o n i e s formed m u l t i l o c u l a t e pycnidia which contained p e r i c l i n a l l y thickened p h i a l i d e s which o f t e n p r o l i f e r a t e d percurr e n t l y i n an a n n e l l i d e - l i k e fashion. P h i a l i d e s sometimes underwent l a r g e p r o l i f e r a t i o n s i n which t h e c e l l l e n g t h s were approximately doubled. The pycnidi a l s t a t e produced small, h y a l i n e , o v a l c o n i d i a and resembled Cytosporella Sacc. I m p l i c a t i o n s of t h e s e f i n d i n g s w i l l be discussed.

see Adaskaveg, J. E.

, see see

Blackwell, M. Morse, J . C.

see F u l l e r , M. S.

S o E. GOCHENAUR. Biology Department, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York 11530. F a c t o r s r e g u l a t i n g t h e d e n s i t y o f ascospores i n s o i l .

Ascospores of an indigenous s o i l fungus (Coniochaetu nepaZica) and an a l i e n s p e c i e s ( t h e coprophile, Sordaria fimicota) were placed on polyvinyl c h l o r i d e

27 membranes and buried in the A horizon of an oakbirch forest for up to 210 da during the fall, winter and spring of 1982-83. The membranes were recovered at various intervals and per cent germination of the ascospores and rate of loss from the membranes determined. Even though the spores of both species showed no decrease in viability during burial, their life span in soil is very short due to grazing by soil animals. In addition, shifting of sand grains during freeze-thaw cycles ruptured approximately 15% of Sordaria's ascospores. The smaller spores of Coniochaeta were not affected.

Gochenaur, S. E . , see Wiencek, S.,

Harrison, J. A . ,

see Jaworski, A. J.

E.F. HASKINS, A.A. HINCHEE* and M.D. McGUINNESS. Gepartment o f Botany, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. "Department o f Pathology, St. Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63104'

et. al.

L. F. G R A N D . Dept. P l a n t P a t h o l o g y , ------North Carolina S t a t e University, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC. 27695-7616. Mycology in Plant Pathology. Mycology is the foundation of Plant Pathology; indeed, Plant Pathology w?,s once considered "Applied Mycology Most Plant Pathology departments still r e q u i r e of students a sound background i n Mycology. T h e r e is a growing trend toward the e l i m i n a t i o n of Mycology at many Universities. Positions are being filled by those with backgrounds in cell biology, genetic engineering, etc. This trend greatly c o n c e r n s m a n y P l a n t Pathologists, because if it continues the future of Mycology may rest almost entirely in Plant Pathology. Must Plant Pathologists provide the Mycology necessary f o r their students? Where will other students obtain their Mycology? Have we come full circle from de Bary? P l a n t Pathology a s a final haven for Mycology provide security for o u r s c i e n c e (discipline). A slanted emphasis o n plant pathogenic fungi however, is not the most desirable alternative. On the other hand, w e might expect f e w e r n a m e changes! If this trend continues, i s Plant Pathology equal to the challenge?

.

The Amoebal and Protoplasmodial Cyst Phase of the Myxomycete Echinostelium minutum de Bary Light microscopical, TEM, and SEM studies were performed on the encystment cycle o f myxamoebae and protoplasmodia o f Echinostelium minutum de Bary. The time course o f encystment was documented using LM. The TEM and SEM studies indicated that amoebal and protoplasmodial cysts share a number of characters: the cyst walls consist of a single, densely fiberous layer (TEM); the surface of the cyst wal Is is convoluted into numerous folds (SEM); neither the amoebal nor protoplasmodial cysts possess a preformed germ pore; the cyst walls of both phases undergo dissolution during excystment.

I.B. HEATH, K. RETHOFEC and L.J. McKERRACHER. Biology Department, York University, 4700 Keele St., 1P3, Canada. Structure and Toronto, Ontario functions of fungal cytoskeletons.

mJ

Guarro, J . , see S i g l e r , L., e t . a l .

We have prepared fungal hyphae by conventional fixation, freeze substitution, freeze etching and critical point drying of polyethylene glycol embedded sections in attempts to fully identify and describe the m g a l nuclear and cytoplasmic skeletons. We have looked at migrating organelles, mitotic nuclei and tip growth. The comparative results of these observations will be discussed with respect to intracellular force generating systems and the relative adequacy of the respective preparation techniques.

Richard T. H a n l i n , Dept. o f P l a n t Pathology, U n i v e r s i t y o f Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. The pedagogical ascomycete

M. C. HEATH. Botany Department, University of --Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.

The ascomycetes comprise a l a r g e and d i v e r s e group o f fun i t h a t can be used i n t h e classroom t o demonsqrate a wide v a r i e t y o f b i o l o g i c a l p r i n c i p l e s and phenomena. Although t h e m a j o r i t y o f ascomycetes do n o t produce ascocarps r e a d i l y i n c u l t u r e , t h e r e a r e a number o f species t h a t do so r e l i a b l y , and these can be incorporated i n t o any biology curriculum, from high school t o graduate courses. For those taxonomic groups t h a t do n o t sporulate i n c u l t u r e , m a t e r i a l f r e s h l y c o l l e c t e d i n t h e f i e l d can be used t o supplement c u l t u r e s . Emphasis i s placed on working w i t h l i v i n g mater i a l s i n t h e b e l i e f t h a t students f i n d them more i n t e r e s t i n g and more rewarding tnan d r i e d specimens. Cultured m a t e r i a l s can a l so be manipulated

-

,

t o demonstrate phenomena o f p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t when d e s i r a b l e . Following a discussion o f some o f t h e mechanics o f assembling and m a i n t a i n i n g a s e l e c t i o n of species s u i t a b l e f o r classroom use, I w i 11 present some examples o f what we can l e a r n from these i n t e r e s t i n g f u n g i .

Some features of the development and composition of the haustorial neckband of Uromyces phaseoli var. vignae

.

In sporulating colonies of the cowpea rust fungus, haustorial neckbands usually consist of two adjacent, electron opaque, rings encircling the neck of the haustorium. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of glutaraldehyde-fixed, unstained material revealed that the ring closest to the haustorial body usually is rich in iron, phosphorus, and chlorine while that closest to the haustorial mother cell lacks iron and is rich in chlorine and silicon. Calcium may be present in either ring. Only one, iron- and chlorine-rich, ring is present in the neckbands

28 o f young h a u s t o r i a . Osmium p o s t - f i x a t i o n removes a l l - d e t e c t a b l e e l e m e n t s e x c e p t i r o n from t h e n e c k b a n d s o f young h a u s t o r i a .

C. W . HESSELTINE. N o r t h e r n R e g i o n a l R e s e a r c h C e n t e r , ARS, USDA, P e o r i a , I L 61604. F u n g i , P e o p l e , a n d Soybeans

D. E. HEMMES and T. E. STASZ. B i o l o g y D i s c i p l i n e and C o l l e g e o f A g r i c u l t u r e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii a t H i l o , 1400 K a p i o l a n i S t r e e t , H i l o , H I 96720. Ul t r a s t r u c t u r e o f f u l ly-expanded and g e r m i n a t i n g s p o r a n g i a o f Pythium u l timum.

The u s e o f s o y b e a n s i n f o o d i n A s i a g o e s b a c k b e f o r e t h e w r i t t e n h i s t o r i c a l r e c o r d . The more i m p o r t a n t s o y b e a n f e r m e n t e d f o o d s made w i t h t h e u s e o f f u n g i a r e s h o y u , m i s o , tempeh, a n d s u f u . The l e c t u r e w i l l d e s c r i b e t h e r e s e a r c h t h a t h a s been c o n d u c t e d i n t h e U.S. on t h e s e mold-fermented p r o d u c t s . The i n t e r a c t i o n of s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h between t h e U. S. a n d Asia h a s r e s u l t e d i n mutual b e n e f i t s and understandi n g between t h e p e o p l e s of b o t h r e g i o n s .

Fully-expanded s p o r a n g i a o f Pythium u l t i m u m c o n t a i n uda p r o t o p l a s m r i c h i n f u n c t i o n a l orga-incl i n g n u c l e i , m i t o c h o n d r i a , dictyosomes, rough endop l a s m i c r e t i c u l um and numerous u n a t t a c h e d ribosomes. The c y t o p l a s m a l s o c o n t a i n s l i p i d bodies and densebody vacuoles. However, t h e c y t o p l a s m does n o t c o n t a i n any preformed o r g a n e l 1es o r s t r u c t u r e s i n v o l v e d i n zoosporogenesis such as p e r i p h e r a l v e s i c l e s , cleavage v e s i c l e s , o r f l a g e l l a . The sporang i a l w a l l o f P. u l t i m u m i s t h i n , a p p r o x i m a t e l y 200 nm t h i c k , and has numerous dense plaques i n t h e o u t e r t h i r d p o r t i o n o f t h e w a l l . I n d i r e c t germin a t i o n the inner, electron-transparent p o r t i o n o f t h e s p o r a n g i a l w a l l extends as t h e g e m t u b e w a l l , and r u p t u r e s t h e o u t e r dense p o r t i o n o f t h e w a l l . R e l a t i o n s h i p s between s p o r a n g i a o f P. ultimum, c o n v e r t e d oospores o f P. u l t i m u m and s p m of o t h e r Pythiaceous f u n g i w i l l be discussed.

R. P. HERMAN and Ceil A. HFMAN. Water Resources Research Institute and D e p a r m t of Biology, New Mexico State lhiversity, Ias Cruces, EM 88003. Morphological changes induced i n Achl a caroliniana by prostaglandin s y n d i n h i b i t o r s

.

We haw previously demrnstrated that aspirin and indomethacin, which block cyclooxygenase, the f i r s t enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, cause growth inhibition, abnormal colony mrphology , and supressed reproduction i n oomycetes. I n t h i s report we show that the abnormal b a l l shaped Achlya colonies result from an altered branching pattern established early i n development. Control colonies grown in glucose, yeast extract, neopeptone medium (PYG) produce a loose mass of mycelium with relatively long intervals between branches. ?he colonies grown in PYG w i t h 0.1 mM indomethacin are small and star shaped, with short intervals between branches. ?hese branches in turn bear branches with a short inter-branch interval. 'Ihe effect of indomethacin on colony morphology appears t o be insensitive to the source of nitrogen or carbon. k e e organic nitrogen sources and five carbon sources produce the characteristic colony in the presence of inhibitor. The supression of reproduction by indomethacin is dependant on the timing of exposure to the drug. I n general, colonies derived from propagules germinated in medium w i t h ind-thacin show supressed or abnorml reproduction regardless of subsequent treatolent. In c m t r a s t , cultures started in the absence of inhibitor can be induced t o ~roducenormal oogonia, antheridia and oospbres by aG&&te manipulation even in the presence of indorethacin.

Herman, C. A.,

see Herman,

R. P.

TERRY W. HILL and R. G. WAGGENER. D e p a r t m e n t of 3 i o l o g y , S o u t h w e s t e r n At Memphis, 2000 N o r t h Parkway, Ilemphis, TN 38112. C e l l u l a s e s e c r e t i o n by T r i c h o d e r m a r e e s e i i s i n h i b i t e d by a n t i c a l m o d u l i n drugs. T r i c h o d e r m a r e e s e i s e c r e t e s a n i n d u c i b l e complex of c e l l u l o l y t i c enzymes i n t o i t s medium. M y c e l i a of reesei w e r e i n d u c e d t o b e g i n s e c r e t i o n i n a medium c o n t a i n i n g 1 mM l a c t o s e , and t h e medium was a s s a y e d o v e r t i m e f o r t h e a c t i v i t y of e n d o c e l l u l a s e u s i n g a v i s c o m e t r i c a s s a y and c a r b o x y m e t h y l c e l l u l o s e a s a s u b s t r a t e . S e c r e t i o n i s b l o c k e d by i n t r o d u c t i o n of t h e calmodulin a n t a g o n i s t s t r i f l u o p e r a z i n e , chlorp r o m a z i n e , o r W-5. S u b s t i t u t e d analogs of t h e s e m o l e c u l e s a r e less e f f e c t i v e i n b l o c k i n g s e c r e t i o n . The r e l a t i v e e f f e c t i v e n e s s of t h e s e d r u g s , when compared t o t h e i r e f f e c t s i n o t h e r s y s t e m s known t o involve t h e function of calmodulin, i n d i c a t e s t h a t c a l m o d u l i n may f u n c t i o n a s a r e g u l a t o r y a g e n t i n some c r i t i c a l s t e p i n s e c r e t i o n of e n d o c e l l u l a s e by t h i s fungus.

T.

Hinchee, A. A.,

see Haskins, E. F.,

et. al.

WILLIAM E. HINTZ, JAMES B. ANDERSON, and PAUL A. HORGEN. Depattment of Botany, Mushroom R e s e a r c h Group, U n i v e r s i t y of T o r o n t o , E r i n d a l e C o l l e g e , M i s s i s s a u g a , O n t a r i o , Canada, L5L 1C6. P a r t i a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n of m i t o c h o n d r i a 1 DNAs from A g a r i c u s b r u n n e s c e n s and A g a r i c u s b i t o r q u i s . M i t o c h o n d r i a 1 DNAs were i s o l a t e d from t h r e e c u l t i v a t e d s t r a i n s of t h e commercial two-spored mushroom A g a r i c u s b r u n n e s c e n s ( b i s p o r u s ) and from e l e v e n i s o l a t e s of t h e f o u r s p o r e d mushroom Agaricus b i t o r q u i s . D i g e s t i o n of t h e f u n g a l m i t o c h o n d r i a 1 DNA w i t h r e s t r i c t i o n e n d o n u c l e a s e s y i e l d e d numerous f r a g m e n t s . S u m a t i o n o f t h e fragment s i z e s g a v e a m i t o h o n d r i a l genome s i z e of 89.000 b a s e p a i r s ( 5 8 x LOS d a l t o n s ) f o r A. b r u n n e s c e n s and 164,000 b a s e p a i r s ( 1 0 8 x 106 d a l t o n s ) f o r A. b i t o r q u i s . The r e s t r i c t i o n p a t t e r n s , u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f e n d o n u c l e a s e s , were i d e n t i c a l f o r a l l t h r e e i s o l a t e s of A. brunnescens. The e l e v e n i s o l a t e s of-A. bitorquis demonstrated heterogeneity i n t h e i r r e s t r i c t i o n p a t t e r n s and have been t e n t a t i v e l y a s s i g n e d i n t o f i v e g r o u p s . A p a r t i a l r e s t r i c t i o n map of A. b r u n n e s c e n s m t DNA h a s been c o n s t r u c t e d and t h e g e n e a r r a n g e m e n t o f t h e r i b o s o m a l RNAs and cytochrorne b a r e c u r r e n t l y b e i n g d e t e r m i n e d u s i n g c l o n e d p r o b e s from E u r o s p o r a c r a s s a . Furthermore, t h e e x t r e m e d i f f e r e n c e between t h e genome s i z e of t h e A. b r u n n e s c e n s and A. b i t o r q u i s i s b e i n g a n a l y s e d by DNA-DNA h y b r i d i z a t i o n .

29

Hipps, L. E . , see Allen, M. F H. C. HOCH and R. C. STAPLES. Department of Plant Pathology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456 and Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, hT 14853. The microtubule-microfilament (F-actin) network of uredospore germlings of Uromyces phaseoti. Initiation of cell differentiation (appressorium formation) and mitosis in uredospore germlings of U. phaseoti can be induced by either topographical or chemical signals. Recent evidence that microtubules and microfilaments wight be involved in mediation of these signals has prompted us to develop protocols for studying this network. F-actin, visualized using rhodamine-conjugated phalloin, occurred as: (I) filaments, located throughout the germ tube, especially in the more basipetal region; (11) peripheral plaques, positioned near the periphery of the cell's cytoplasm; and (111) nuclear inclusions, located within the nucleoplasm subjacent to the spindle pole body (SPB). Electron microscopy of freeze-substituted hyphae revealed similar profiles of F-actin-like filaments. Treatments with KI, phalloidin, and cytochalasin E substantiated that the fluorescently labelled sites were F-actin. Microtubules (Mt) were observed by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using a yeast antitubulin. The Mt cytoskeleton was visualized throughout the cytoplasm, oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cell. Repolymerization of Mt's following depolymerizing treatments (e.p., cold, nocodazole, demecolcine) showed that the microtubule organizing center in Uromyces hyphae in GI are in the hyphal tip and not at the SPB's of the nuclei.

Hoch,

H. C., see Ton-That, T. C.

Hocking,

A. D.,

see Pitt,

J. I.

Homola, R. L., see Longcore,

J. G., et. al.

Horgen,

P. A., see Hintz, W. E . , et. al.

Horgen,

P. A,, see Horton, J. S.

Horgen,

P. A . , see Meyer, R. J., et. al.

Horgen,

P. A., see Mohan, M., et. al.

B. W. HORN. Northern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Peoria, I1 61604. Association of Candida guilliermondii with amylolytic filamentous fungi on preharvest corn. In sampling corn at harvest in Georgia, Candida guilliermondii var. guilliermondii was found to be the dominant yeast, comprising 4.7-47.Roftotal fungi based on dilution plating. Populations of C. guilliermondii were confined primarily to visibly moldy kernels infested with filamentous fungi, of which Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus flavus were prevalent. When grown in liquid shake culture, C. guilliermondii was unable to utilize starch. Growth of the yeast increased considerably when associated with amylolytic F. moniliforme and A. flavus. Utilization of starch hydrolyzates by C. guilliermondii in mixed cultures was reflected by both a decrease in reducing sugars and a reduction in

growth of F. moniliforme and A. flavus. The lowering of culture pH by F. moniliforme and A. flavus did not stimulate yeast growth. The association between C. guillermondii and amylolytic filamentous fungi on preharvest corn may be considered commensalistic. Insect vectors may be important in maintaining this association.

J.S. HORTON, P.A. HORGEN. Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Erindale Campus, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6 Demonstration of a pheromonally-induced polypeptide during sexual morphogenesis in Achlya ambisexualis E87 Sexual reproduction in Achlya ambisexualis, a member of the Oomycetes, is mediated by a group of at least two steroid pheromones. In the present study antheridiol, a pheromone constitutively secreted by female strains, has been shown to induce the qualitative synthesis of a 64,000 dalton polypeptide in 3 male strains of Achlya. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography have demonstrated that this induced polypeptide is basic in nature, with a pI of at least 8. Experiments using the RNA synthetic inhibitor actinomycin D suggest that the polypeptide is transcriptionally regulated. The synthesis of the induced polypeptide occurs throughout male sexual morphogenesis (as induced by female A. ambisexualis strain 734) and the lack of synthesis during induced vegetative branching suggests a role for the polypeptide specific to the male sexual cycle in Achlya. Imunological and vitro translation studies are now in progress in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the regulation of this polypeptide.

-

R. J. HOWARD. DuPont Experimental Station, Agricultural Chemicals Dept. Bldg. 402. Wilmington, DE 19898. Freeze-substitution and video-enhanced contrast, DIC microscopy: new tools in fungal cytology. Freeze-substitution is a fixation method for electron microscopy. The method is easy and ideally suited for application to fungi grown either as a monolayer or in suspension. Fixation is achieved by rapid freezing followed by reaction of chemicals with the frozen specimen. Sections reveal structures that do not exist after standard glutaraldehyde/Os04 fixations as well as structures that appear different from what we are accustomed to seeing. Freezesubstitution allows one to analyze "better artifacts". However, not all of the artifacts are representative of living cell structure. An alternative to these methods is to eliminate fixation, and cell death, all together. Video-enhanced contrast, differential interference contrast microscopy (Allen, et al. Cell Motil. 1:291, 1981) is a valuable tool -for studying living cells. Taking advantage of the difference in the way the eye and the video camera "perceive" contrast, this system permits observation of objects that are smaller than the theoretical limit of resolution of the light microscope. Fast intrahyphal vesicle transport, intercellular movement of particles through dolipore septa and the rapid production of vesicles by Golgi body-like cisternae can be seen and recorded on videotape for further study.

30 FU-SEN HU and JIM CLARK. School o f B i o l o g i c a l -Sciences, U n i v e r s i t y o f Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506. Growth o f Stemoni t i s flavogeni t a and Didymi um ir i d i s on axenic peptone-yeast e x t r a c t agar supplemented w i t h heat-ki 1l e d bacteria. Plasmodia and myxamoebae o f the slime molds Stemonitand Did mi um i r i d i s have been grown a x e n i c a l l y on PY ag*peptone, 2.59 yeast ext r a c t , 2.51111 o f 0.4 M MgS04.7H20, 0.51111 o f 0.5 M CaCl?, 20ml o f pH 6.5 phosphate b u f f e r and 965 ml o f d i s t 1 1l e d water) supplemented w i t h heat-ki 1l e d (80C f o r 10 minutes) Escherichia Although Didymium i r i d i s has not y e t been sporulated i n axenic c u l t u r e , Stemonitis flavogenita can be grown from spore t o spore on PY medium without supplementation w i t h heat k i l l e d bacteria. I n both species, t h e growth r a t e s f o r myxamoebae are equal t o t h a t oberved i n l i v e b a c t e r i a l c u l t u r e s while the rates f o r plasmodia are s i g n i f i c a n t l y lower. However, plasmodial growth can be enhanced by t h e a d d i t i o n o f l i v e r e x t r a c t (1%) and hematin (6ml o f 0.25% i n 1% NaOH) t o t h e PY medium. On t h e other hand, while the a d d i t i o n o f 1% glucose o r sucrose t o PY agar produces dense myxamoebal populations, i t i s h i g h l y i n h i b i t o r y t o plasmodial formation and growth.

i s flavogeni t a -

a.

FU-SEN HU and JIM CLARK. School o f B i o l o g i c a l Sciences , U n i v e r s i t y o f Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 Recurrent senescence i n axenic c u l t u r e s o f Physarum polycephal um. Physarum polycephal um grown as microplasmodi a i n axenic shake c u l t u r e has generally been considered t o l a c k a s p e c i f i c l i f e s p a n . Yet t r a n s f e r s o f microplasmodia t o axeni c and non-axenic (bacteri a1 assoi a t e added) surface cultures have been reported t o undergo senescence i n a regular manner i n d i c a t i v e o f a determinate lifespan. When subcultures o f our aux2 and aux4 i s o l a t e s o f P. polycephalum, which have been grown f o r over f o u r years i n axenic shake culture, were t r a n s f e r e d t o non-axenic surface c u l t u r e they displayed progressively s h o r t e r lifespans ( o l d e r axenic c u l t u r e s y i e l d shorter l i v e d non-axenic c u l t ures). S i m i l a r subcultures transfered t o axenic medium a l s o underwent senescent-like events. These subcultures, a f t e r a period o f vigorous growth, displayed a slower growth rate, reduced plasmodial streaming, l e s s yellow pigment and eventually fragmented i n t o a number o f small spherical s t r u c t u r e s w i t h t h e concomitant l y s i s o f most o f the plasmodiun. I n nonaxenic c u l t u r e these spherules q u i c k l y degenerate and disappear from culture, however, i n axenic surface c u l t u r e they r e v i v e and a f t e r several days produce new vigorous plasmodia. Following t h i s period o f vigorous growth t h e plasmodiun w i l l again undergo senescent-li ke events. This cycle o f senescence and growth has been repeated many times i n several c u l t ures over a period o f months. We have a l s o been able t o i s o l a t e a subline from the aux2 c u l t u r e which no longer undergoes t h i s senescent phase and i s apparently truely i m o r t a l .

Hudspeth, M. E. S.,

see Bruns, T. D.

H. E. HUIZAR, C. C. BERTKE, and J. M. ARONSON. Dept. o f Botany and Microbiology, Arizona State U n i v e r s i t y , Tempe, AZ 85287. Observations on Asperg i l l u s f l a v u s i n cottonseed. Cottonseeds apparently infected w i t h A s p e r g i l l u s f l a v u s were harvested from field-grown p l a n t s i n Arizona. A. flavus contamination was confirmed by p l a t i n g s u r f a c e - s t e r i l i z e d seed p o r t i o n s on potato dextrose agar. The remaining seed p o r t i o n s were processed f o r transmission e l e c t r o n microscopy (TEM). U l t r a t h i n sections o f cottonseeds were observed and hyphae were l o c a l i z e d i n t h e following areas: assoc i a t e d w i t h c o t t o n f i b e r s , i n most o f the l a y e r s comprising t h e seed coat, and i n t h e embryo. As controls, laboratory-grown c u l t u r e s o f A. f l a v u s and apparently uninfected cottonseeds were observed by TEM. L i g h t microscopy studies t o l o c a t e A. f l a v u s i n cottonseed are i n progress.

Jain, P. C.,

see Shukla,

R. V.

A. J. Jaworski and J . A. Harrison. Botany Department, U n i v e r s i t y of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Messenger RNA synthesized during l a t e s p o r u l a t i o n i s necessary f o r germ t u b e formation i n ~ 1 H s t o c l a d i e l l a emer s o n i i . Zoospores of B l a s t o c l a d i e l l a emersonii c o n t a i n mRNA which must be t r a n s l a t e d during germination b e f o r e a tube w i l l develop. Zoospore mRNA i s synthesized during growth phase and l a t e s p o r u l a t i o n . Sporangia t r e a t e d with 2 ug actinomycin-D a t 210 min i n t o s p o r u l a t i o n (T210) w i l l r e l e a s e zoospores but t h e s e c e l l s w i l l not produce germ tubes when induced t o germinate. Actinomycin-D given t o sporangia a t T210 c a u s e s a 50% d e c r e a s e i n t h e i n c o r p o r a t i o n of 35[S]-methionine o r 3[H]-leucine i n t o p r o t e i n s synthesized between 20 and 40 m i n i n t o germination. However, t h e l e v e l of i n c o r p o r a t i o n i s i d e n t i c a l compared t o c o n t r o l c e l l s when a c t inomycin-D i s given during germinat ion. Analysis of t h e s e p r o t e i n s on 2-dimensional SDS-PAGE g e l s revealed s i m i l a r p a t t e r n s f o r c e l l s from sporangia t r e a t e d with actinomycin-D compared t o c e l l s t r e a t e d with actinomycin-D during germination o r u n t r e a t e d c o n t r o l c e l l s . The most obvious d i f f e r ence i n t h e p a t t e r n s was t h e increased i n t e n s i t y of some s p o t s i n t h e autoradiograms from c e l l s r e l e a s e d from sporangia t r e a t e d with actinomycin-D. These r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e t h e zoospore mRNA synthesized during growth and l a t e s p o r u l a t i o n a r e both t r a n s l a t e d d u r i n g e a r l y germination but i t i s t h e l a t e s p o r u l a t i o n mRNA t h a t is r e s p o n s i b l e f o r germ t u b e formation. Supported by NSF g r a n t PCM-8309775.

Johnson, M. M.,

see Powell, M. J., e t . al.

J. P. JONES and K. CLAY. Dept. of P l a n t Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana A g r i c u l t u r a l Experiment S t a t i o n , and Department of Botany, L.S.U., Baton Rouge, La. 70803. Karyology and ascus formation among t h e Balansiae. It became important t o u s t o be a b l e t o q u i c k l y i d e n t i f y genera and s p e c i e s of t h e t r i b e Balansiae by using microscopic d i a g n o s t i c c h a r a c t e r s . Several s p e c i e s have been s t u d i e d c y t o l o g i c a l l y t o determine

31 i f any d i f f e r e n c e s e x i s t among t h e species. The p a t t e r n s of c r o z i e r development a r e e s s e n t i a l l y s i m i l a r , although t h e r e a r e s l i g h t d i f f e r e n c e s . Some of t h e s p e c i e s have a t r a c t , providing a possible diagnostic tool a t the species level. Another d i f f e r e n c e s o f a r determined among t h e s p e c i e s i s t h e ascus t i p s t r u c t u r e . The d e t a i l s of meiosis and s p o r e formation seems e s s e n t i a l l y t h e same throughout t h e t r i b e .

Kapustka, L. A., see Arnold,

P. T.

HAROLD W. KELLER. Department of Biology, The University of Texas a t Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 Taxonomy of t h e Myxomycete Arcyria n i g e l l a . Arcyria n i g e l l a was f i r s t described by Y . Emoto i n 1928 from two f i e l d c o l l e c t i o n s made from dead t r u n k s of Rhamnella f r a n g u l o i d e s i n t h e Botanical Garden of The University of Tokyo. These specimens were obt a i n e d r e c e n t l y through a loan from t h e National Science Museum, I b a r a k i , Japan. These c o l l e c t i o n s were compared w i t h Emoto's d e s c r i p t i o n and with n i n e a d d i t i o n a l c o l l e c t i o n s from Ohio t h a t a l l developed on bark from l i v i n g J u n i p e r u s v i r g i n i a n a and Taxodium distichurn placed i n moist chambers. The following s p e c i e s d e s c r i p t i o n i s based on t h e Ohio c o l l e c t i o n s . Sporangia g r e g a r i o u s i n groups of 2-20, s t i p i t a t e , broadly ovate t o s h o r t - c y l i n d r i c a l , 0.28-0.68 mm i n diameter, 0.7-1.1 mm i n t o t a l h e i g h t , olivaceous t o d u l l green o r d u l l gray; s t a l k s h o r t , 0.15-0.3 mm i n h e i g h t , l i g h t - c o l o r e d o f t e n weakly developed and i n t e r l a c e d with f i b e r - l i k e s t r a n d s o r f i l l e d with spore-like c e l l s ; c a l y c u l u s extending 113 t o 112 t h e t o t a l h e i g h t of t h e sporangium proper, bowl o r vaseshaped above, t a p e r i n g i n t o a s t a l k below, t h e o u t e r s u r f a c e smooth and p l e a t e d , t h e i n n e r s u r f a c e marked with conspicuous r e t i c u l a t i o n s bearing prominent p a p i l l a e ; c a p i l l i t i u m s t r o n g l y adhering t o t h e margin and c e n t e r of t h e c a l y c u l u s , s c a r c e l y e l a s t i c , t h e t h r e a d s 3-6 um i n diameter marked with r e t i c u l a t i o n s and spinous p r o c e s s e s ; spores dark olivaceous t o d u l l green i n mass, almost h y a l i n e by t r a n s m i t t e d l i g h t , minutely roughened, 9-10 um i n diameter. This s p e c i e s i s separated from a l l o t h e r members of t h e genus Arcyria by i t s u s u a l l y dark olivaceous c o l o r and i t s deep c a l y c u l u s .

lTUROLDW. KELLER and JEAN D. SCHOKNECHT. Department of Biology, The U n i v e r s i t y of Texas a t Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 and Department of L i f e Sciences. Indiana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , T e r r e Haute, I N 47809. Licea f i m i c o l a : a coprophilous myxomycete s p e c i e s with u n c e r t a i n taxonomic a f f i n i t y . Licea f i m i c o l a was c o l l e c t e d i n 1929 on horse dung i n l a b o r a t o r y c u l t u r e by Dearness and Eisby and desc r i b e d i n t h e "Fungi of Manitoba." This s p e c i e s was f o r many y e a r s known only from t h e type c o l l e c t i o n gathered a t Winnipeg, Manitoba. It i s now known from Oklahoma and Colorado i n t h e U.S. a s w e l l a s Kenya and Mongolia. It i s a p p a r e n t l y r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e dung of herbivorous animals. Moist chamber c u l t u r e s of cow dung c o l l e c t e d from t h e Pawnee National Grassland i n Colorado have y i e l d e d abundant plasmodia and f r u i t i n g s . Plasmodia were t r a n s f e r r e d t o water a g a r and observed u n t i l s p o r u l a t i o n . The p a l e orangeyellow phaneroplasmodium has a fan-shaped, threedimensional, advancing feeding edge, and t r a i l i n g r e t i c u l a t e v e i n s i n which t h e protoplasm undergoes rhythmic, r e v e r s i b l e streaming. Sporulation gener-

a l l y produces c l u s t e r s of 20 t o 30 fusiform sporangia, Microscopic examination of sporangia revealed s h o r t c a p i l l i t i a l threads attached t o the inner sporangial w a l l . Energy d i s p e r s i v e spectroscopy d e t e c t e d r e l a t i v e l y high amounts of calcium i n t h e peridium of 2. f i m i c o l a . The genus i s based l a r g e l y on t h e absence of a c a p i l l i t i u m and t o a l e s s e r degree t h e presence of a protoplasmodium. The presence of a c a p i l l i t i u m , a phaneroplasmodium, and d e t e c t a b l e amounts of calcium would argue f o r removal of Licea f i m i c o l a from t h e L i c e a l e s and r e c o g n i t i o n of a new genus i n e i t h e r t h e Physarales o r t h e T r i c h i a l e s .

L. L. KINKEL and J . H. ANDREWS, P l a n t Pathology Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, W I 53706. Fungal Colonization of Leaf Surfaces.

From emergence u n t i l a b s c i s s i o n , l e a v e s a r e i n s u l a r h a b i t a t patches f o r c o l o n i z a t i o n by fungi. H a b i t a t a r e a and "quality" change a s l e a v e s grow. Fungal population s i z e s and s p e c i e s number a t any time ref l e c t a dynamic balance among t h e competing processes of immigration, emigration, reproduction, and d e a t h . Population d e n s i t y appears t o be bimodal o v e r time, peaking f i r s t a s buds s w e l l , and again about 5 months l a t e r , on mature l e a v e s . In p r a c t i c e , i t i s d i f f i c u l t t o d i s t i n g u i s h immigrants ( s p e c i e s which have a r r i v e d , but a r e perhaps i n a dormant form o r a r e t r a n s i e n t ) from c o l o n i s t s ( i n h a b i t a n t s which grow and may reproduce). There i s some evidence f o r a s u c c e s s i o n a l p a t t e r n , , but t h i s i s d i s r u p t e d by r e p e a t e d , unpredictable d i s t u r b a n c e s such a s storms. Species immigration r a t e s of f u n g i t o l e a f s u r f a c e s a r e i n i t i a l l y high and p r o g r e s s i v e l y d e c l i n e , a s determined by exposing s u r f a c e - s t e r i l i z e d l e a v e s o r s t e r i l e apple s e e d l i n g s t o t h e orchard a i r spora. A f l u c t u a t i n g s p e c i e s e q u i l i b r i u m appears t o be reached within 2-4 weeks a f t e r exposure. Sampling c o n s t r a i n t s complicate t h e d e s c r i p t i o n and a n a l y s i s of phylloplane microbial communities.

M. A. KLICH. U. S. Department o f A g r i c u l t u r e Southern Regional Research Center, P. 0. Box 19687 New Orleans, LA 701 79. Ecological studies on t h e e n t r y o f Aspergillus f l a v u s i n t o developing cotton plants.

An understanding o f the mode o f e n t r y o f Aspergil l u s flavus i n t o cotton plants and seeds may l e a d t o p r a c t i c a l f i e l d control measures f o r t h i s h i g h l y toxigeni c fungus. F i e l d and greenhouse studies have shown t h a t e n t r y may take place through newly exposed cotyledonary l e a f scars and i n v o l u c r a l n e c t a r i e s . The fungus may then move upward through the p l a n t i n t o the seeds. This process o f e n t r y and movement o f A. flavus i s s t r o n g l y i n f l u e n c e d by the developmental a ~ s i o l o g i c a sl t a t e o f t h e p l a n t . Drought stress great1 y increases the p r o b a b i l i t y o f seed contamination. B o l l s from flowers blooming during the e a r l y and middle p a r t s o f t h e peak flowering period a r e more 1 ik e l y t o contain A_. fl avus i n t h e i r seed than the seed o f b o l l s from flowers blooming a t o t h e r times.

Robert D. Koehn. Department o f Biology, Southwest Texas S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , San Marcos, Texas 78666. Amphibious hyphomycetes o f t h e Guadalupe R i v e r . A one year study o f the Guadalupe River i n South Central Texas has revealed t h a t i t supports t h e growth and sporulation o f 23 species o f amphibious

32 hyphomycetes. Water and leaf samples were taken each month from 4 s i t e s along the river. A t each s i t e the greatest species richness occurred when the water temperatures were lowest. In this area of Texas, the greatest organic input also occurs during the coldest time of year when leaf abscission from riparian vegetation i s greatest. When the results of this survey are compared with previous results for the constant temperature San Marcos River, similar seasonality of many of the species i s evident. Therefore, seasonal fluctuations of these fungi i s more dependent on substrate availability than on the physical conditions of the river water. L u n u l o s ~ ~curvula a Ingold i s present throughout the year an i s most comnon. Tetracladium marchal ianum DeWild i s also abundant during the f a l l and winter. Lemonniera aquatica DeWild was present at each s i t e b u t seemed more prevalent in the spring and summer months. Presence of 10 other species occurred sporadically throughout the year. Submerged, decaying leaves from 8 species of trees were collected during the study, b u t none of the fungal species appeared to prefer a specific substrate.

Lakhanpal, T. N . , see Cavender, J . C.

K.

H.

university

LAVOIE. Biology Department, of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI,

48503. Competitive znteractions among fungi and invertebrates: A manipulative study of dung decomposition. Early fungal species can compete with invertebrates for the use of dung by the physical interference of their hyphae exploitatively tieing up and/or by in an unavailable microbial resources pool. The presence of fungal hyphae was able to reduce dung use by flies and/or beetles as indicated by lowered reproductive output. The interference effect was most severe when the hyphal mat was the densest and declined as the hyphae senesced or were manually removed. Dung form was altered without affecting the total amount of dung material. The form of the dung influenced development of the hyphal mat and affected the number of times an invertebrate had to deal with the hyphae to gain access to X amount of dung resource. Dung form also influenced dung use by the fungi, with a higher surface area to volume ratio allowing more fungal growth and a greater depletion of resources in the dung available to invertebrates.

DONALD F. LEWIS and JOHN H. ADLER. Department of Biological Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA., 19104. Sterol Composition of the Fungus Cultivated bv the Leaf-Cutting Ant Atta cephaloies isthmicola. The essential sterols required by insects are acquired either through their diet or from symbionts, and in the case of this leaf-cutting ant are presumably supplied by the fungus. The dominant sterols in the bodies and nervous system of this ant are A ~ ~ ~ 'methylcholestatrienol, ~ ~ ( ~ ~ ) - 22-dihydroergo sterol and ergosterol in a 65:25:10 ratio. Since this ratio is atypical of the sterol composition found in

most higher fungi, the fungus was isolated from a 10 year old ant-maintained laboratory fungus-garden cultivated on several mediums. In all cases the dominant sterol was ergosterol (24 @ -methylcholesta-5.7, 22 trans-trien-36-01). This was confirmed by GLC, analytical HPLC, mass and IH NMR spectroscopy. No ~~9 9 24(2S)-methylcholestatrienol or 22-dihydroergosterol was detected from any of the cultured fungus. Ant cultivated mycelium was analyzed and found to contain ergosterol and sitosterol (24 6 ethylcholest-5-en-3 9-01). N0A5,7,24(28)-methylcholestatrienol or 22-dihydroergosterol were detected.. The sitosterol is of plant origin. The two major sterols found in the ant, if present in the fungus, must occur at 1evelsLlX of the total fungal sterol. Perhaps these two sterols are selectively absorbed by the insect. However, the insect or a symbiont may reduce the ergosterol to 22-dihydroergosterol and may desaturate the side chain to produce the 24(28)methylene sterol.

-

C. Y . Li, M. A. Castellano, and J . M. Trappe. Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Corvallis, OR 97331 Acetylene-reducing nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from sporocarps of two ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycotina.

Two different dinitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated in nitrogen-free pure culture from the interior of surface-sterilized Suillus ponderosus and Hymenogaster parksii sporocarps. Both bacteria were aerobic chemoheterotrophic Gram-negative rods. Under microaerophi 1 ic conditions (1% nitrogen 99% oxygen) in nitrogen-free media with a water extract of H . parksii sporocarp, both bacteria grew well and reduced acetylene and thus presumably can fix molecular nitrogen. No growth occurred for either bacterium without the sporocarp extract. Also, acetylene reduction occurred only in the presence of the sporocarp extract under microaerophilic conditions. H. -parksii sporocarp extract stimulated growth of the bacterium isolated from 5. ponderosus more than that isolated from H. parksii.

Lifshitz, R . , see Elad, Y., Lingle, W. L.,

et. al.

see Porter, D.

LoBuglio, K. J . , see Wang, C. J . K.,

et. al.

D. J. LQDGE

Center for Energy and Environment Research, G.P.O. Box 3682, San Juan, P.R. 00936. Possible competition among VA-endamycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi for Papulus deltoides roots.

Fine roots (< 2mm) of Populus deltoides Bartr. (eastern cottonwood) were sampled in North Carolina, Iowa, and Illinois (120 trees) and percentages of nonmycorrhizal, VA-endorqycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and dually-infected root lengths were calculated from 200 grid intersects (>lm total root length) each. Terminal and non-terminal roots were tallied separately. In addition, cuttings of a cottonwood clone were field-infected, transplanted and grown under similar soil nutrient and moisture conditions and then sampled. Field samples were screened for the presence of six ectoqrcorrhizal morpho-types; each morpho-type was categorized as to apparent interference (+/-) with endorqycorrhizal infection. Four major findings

suggest competition among some ecto- and endomycorrhizal fungi for terminal roots. 1. Dual infections were significantly lower in trees with interfering morpho-types than in trees with only non-interfering morpho-types. Reductions of dual infections from expected (based on random assortment)were intermediate in trees with mixed + & interference types. 2. Percentages of ecto- and endorqycorrhizal root length were negatively correlated, except where infections were sparse. 3. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were predominantly on terminal roots, and high levels of ectomycorrhizal infection were related to depression of endomycorrhizal infection in terminal as compared to non-terminal roots within the same tree. 4. Percentages of endo- and ectomycorrhizal root length were negatively correlated in cottonwood cuttings grown under similar soil conditions.

-

JOYCE G. LONGCORE, RICHARD L. HOMOLA and JOAN L. BROOKS. Botany Department, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469. Fungal Flora of a Sphagnum Peat Wastewater Treatment System. We are attempting to identify the fungi in a sphagnum peat, on-site wastewater treatment system in lhine. Peat samples are removed monthly at 3 depths from 3 locations of the experimental filter field, which has functioned effectively for 5 years since construction. Fungi are recovered by plating on various media and by baiting techniques. Imperfects, yeasts, actinomycetes, chytrids and oomycetes have been isolated during the first months of this NSFfunded study. Illustrated, with emphasis on zoosporic fungi

.

Lorea, F., see Aroche, R. Ma.

C. J . LUCAROTTI and B. A. FEDERICI. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA

92521. The ultrastructure of the meiospore of Coelomomyces dodgei Couch (Blastocladiales, Chytridiomycetes). The ultrastructur'e of the meiospore of Coelomomyces dodgei-is typical of the Blastocladiales. The nucleus I S central1y located and conical in shape, and at the base there is a spur that curves back towards the large plate-like mitocondrion. At the flattened anterior of the nucleus there is a double membrane bound cap of ribosomes. Approximately nine lipid globules are partially embedded in the mitocondrion and are covered by a fenestrated microbody. The kinetosome is at the base of the nucleus and is connected to a single, posterior, whiplash flagellum. A non-kinetosomal centriole and terminal plate are absent. A paracrystalline body is present in the peripheral cytoplasm.

E. S. LUTTRELL. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Intra- and intercellular mycelium in galls of some smut fungi on cereals. The mycelium is entirely intercellular in Tilletia caries, cause of bunt of wheat; inter- and intracellular in ~ilietia cause of loose smut of barley; largely intracellular in Tolyposporium penicillariae, cause of kernel smut of pearl

e,

millet; and entirely intracellular in Ustilago maydis, cause of common smut of corn. Intracellular hyphae penetrate directly through host cell walls without constriction. The host plasmalemma on the entry side is pushed back until it fuses with the plasmalemma on the exit side. An encasement resembling host cell wall material which is laid down in the interfacial zone around the hypha forms a tube extending from wall to wall of the traversed cell. There are no haustoria. Prior to teliospore formation hyphae mass in cavities in the galls. The cavities may arise primarily from disintegration of galled host cells or primarily from differential growth of infected host tissues. The term intercellular is hardly appropriate for the mycelial masses in these cavitfes. Interlaminar might be a better term.

R. W. MARTIN and C. E. MILLER. Department of Botany, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701. Sexuality and resting body development in Olpidiopsis varians (Lagenidiales, Olpidiopsidaceae). Sexual thalli of 2. varians were observed by electron microscopy using conventional methods. The antheridium and oogonium developed as spherical thalli inside their host. An ornamented outer wall surrounded both antheridium and oogonium as development proceeded. Large lipoid bodies, many vacuoles and osmophilic bodies contributed to most of the volume of the oogonium. The antheridium possessed few lipoid bodies and several nuclei in the cytoplasm. Prior to sexual fusion the nuclei of the antheridium and oogonium underwent simultaneous, synchronous nuclear divisions. About 14 per cent of the nuclei in the antheridium and 29 per cent of the nuclei in the oogonium were eliminated. In early division stages nuclei possessed axial filaments similar to those usually found in prophase I of meiosis. During the latter stages of division, peripheral vacuoles in the antheridium expanded and cytoplasmic vacuoles of the oogonium enlarged. The antheridial cell produced a penetration tube which punctured the oogonial wall and eventually disintegrated. The peripheral vacuoles of the antheridial cell continued to expand while the cytoplasmic contents entered the oogonium. A plug of wall material was present at the site of cytoplasmic entry after sexual fusion. The influence of temperature and host nutrition on resting body development was also examined.

W. Wallace Martin. Department of Biology, RandolphMacon College, Ashland, VA 23005. Dynamics of aquatic fungi parasitic in midge eggs. Recent publications have described Catenaria spinosa, Catenaria ramosa, Catenaria uncinata, Aphanomycopsis sexualis, Atkinsiella entomophaga, Couchia circumplexa and a Plasmodiophora-like organism as parasites in the eggs of midges (Chironomidae). These fungi as well as undescribed species of Couchia and unidentified water molds are important in the natural control of midge populations in Virginia and neighboring states. During a two-year study of collections of midge egg masses from over 400 Virginia lakes, rivers, and streams, 10.4-18.1% of all eggs sampled were killed by various categories of fungi and unknown factors. In a three-year study of the dynamics of aquatic fungi parasitic in a lotic community of onomus attenuatus mortality rates in the eggs ranged from 28.8% to 41.4%. A vear-lonn - studv was carried out at a small pond in which egg masses of Glyptotendipes lobiferus and Endochironomus nigricans predomi-

m-

34 nated. The rate of mortality varied from 29.9% in eggs of 5. lobiferus to 7.2% in eggs of E. nigricans and 17.5% in eggs of all other midge species combined. In the two latter studies Catenaria and Couchia were responsible for the greatest amount of infection during each year and appeared and disappeared in response to changing water temperatures. In the stream study combined rainfall amounts over the three-year period showed significant negative correlations with numbers of egg masses and prevalence of disease.

Mattox,

K. R., see Stewart, K. D.

May, G., see Taylor,

B.,

McFarlane, G.

J. W., et. al.

see Apta, R.

McGuinness, M. D., see Haskins, McKerracher,

E. F., et. al.

L. J., see Heath, I. B., et. al.

.

C I >epartr?.cnof Dotany, Universitv of 'liclliqan, Ann Arbor, "I 4f3100 The adaptive norphology of Flamnulina velutipes (Aqaricales) with respect to relative humidity. Ti.

Twelve isolates of Flanmulina velutipes (Curt. ex Pr.) Singer obtained iron widely separated populations on three continents were conpared in a genotype S treatment experimental design. Relative hunidity during sporocarp maturation and spore production was the treatment factor. Significant differences were observed between genotypes and between trcatr:ents for number and size of spores, numberrsize and weight of sporocarps, phenology of sporocarps and various nicromorphological characters. The possible adaptive value of the observed variation will be discussed.

McLaughlin,

D. J., see 0'Donne11 , K. L.

McLaughlin, D. Meyer,

J., see Yoon, K. S.

R., see Mohan, M., et. al.

R.J. MEYER, M. MOHAN, J. ANDERSON, and P.A. HORGEN. Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Erindale Campus, Mississauga. Ontario, L5L 1C6. Molecular cloning of plasmid-like DNAs of Agaricus bitorquis Mitochondria of strain Ag4 of Agaricus bitorquis contain plasmid-like DNAs that are of two sizes: 4.0 kb (pMPJ) and 7.5 kb (pEM). The results of restriction analysis suggested that pEM consists of two different plasmid-like DNAs with the same molecular weight (pEM1 and pEM2). Entire copies of pEM and pMPJ are being cloned into bacterial plasmids pBR322 and pDPL13. Blunt-ended inserts were ligated into the SMAl site of pDPL13. Inserts with added PSTl linkers were ligated into the PSTl site of pBR322. The results will conclusively demonstrate whether pEM consists of two different plasmid-like DNAs. Cloning these plasmid-like DNAs is the first step in exploring the possibility ,of using pEM and/or pMPJ as transformation vectors in the commercially important Agaricus.

J. DAVID MILLER. Chemistry and Biology Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, KIA OC6 Fusarium graminearum toxins in wheat and corn. Various authors have stated that Fusarium head blight occurs in moist weather with either warm or cool temperatures, or that warm dry weather is required. Different cultivars of wheat may be susceptible at different stages of plant development. No satisfactory conclusions can be reached from such conflicting information, perhaps because few researchers have considered the effect of differential virulence of the Fusarium strains in the field and their ability to produce 'mycotoxins'. Recent experiments have attempted to quantify the formation of deoxynivalenol and other Fusarium toxins in experimental infections of wheat and corn. The data indicate that plant enzymes affect the chemical structure and concentrations of trichothecene mycotoxins expressed by the invading fungus. Resistant wheat cultivars have numerically high fungal biomass to deoxynivalenol ratios and the converse is true for susceptible cultivars. These results complicate Wicklow-Janzen theories of the ecology of mycotoxins specifically relating to Fusarium graminearum toxins.

s. I Ua n d 0 . K. Miller, Jr. Dept. of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic University a n d State University, Blacksburg, V a , 24061. Reproductive biology of s o m e hypogeous fungi. Most hypogeous fungi which form sporocarps at or below the g r o u n d surface are confirmed o r putative rnycorrhizal formers. In addition, m a n y hypogeous fungi contribute m u c h to small m a m m a l dietary intake. Spores from these fungi are t h u s concentrated in fecal pellets a n d disseminated. T h e biology of propagule production, dissemination, viability, a n d germination has not been fully examined. Sporocarps of Cautieria, Rhizopogon Leucogaster, Hymenogaster, Zelleromyces, a n d T u b e r spp. w e r e collected fresh a n d portions of the tissue fixed. S p o r e viability w a s tested using vital staining techniques. Treatments such as m y c o p h a g y , freezing, dessication, rainwater application, a n d nutrient supplimentation w e r e used to determine :the effect of natural p h e n o m e n a o n spore viability. Germinability w a s tested using a variety of media, and physical a n d biochemical stimulants. Fixed tissue w a s e m b e d e d in plastic a n d examined with light a n d electron microscopy. Nuclear staining of spores a n d tissue w a s accomplished using multialum hemotoxylin. O u r results indicate that m a n y hypogeous fungal spores are multi-celled o r multinucleate, and possibly homothallic. Asexual propagules are m u c h m o r e c o m m o n than previously believed. Viability a n d germination of propagules is not affected b y passage through small marndals, but is induced b y natural phenomena. T h e reproductive biology of hypogeous fungi is discussed in relation to seasonal environmental a n d ecological processes, a n d the mycorrhizal habit.

Miller,

C. D.,

see Martin,

R. W.

Miller, 0. K., see Miller, S. L. Mims, C. W., see Sherman,

J. D.

35 C.W. MIMS. Dept. o f Biology, S.F. A u s t i n S t a t e Univ., Nacogdoches, TX 75962. The f u t u r e o f mycol o g y i n academia. I n my o p i n i o n mycology can have a b r i g h t f u t u r e i n academia although such a f u t u r e i s c e r t a i n l y n o t guaranteed. A t t h i s time, i n f a c t , I b e l i e v e t h a t mycology i s a c t u a l l y l o o s i n g ground i n many i n s t i t u t i o n s . Most o f us a r e aware o f d e c l i n i n g e n r o l l ments i n mycology and have observed instances i n which a mycology p o s i t i o n has been phased o u t when t h e " r e s i d e n t m y c o l o g i s t " e i t h e r moves, r e t i r e s , d i e s o r assumes f u l l t i m e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e d u t i e s . I f t h e department i s a l l o w e d t o f i l l t h e p o s i t i o n o f t e n t h e person h i r e d i s n o t a mycologist and t h e departmental mycology course d i e s . T h i s i s , o f course, n o t a d e s i r a b l e sequence o f events as f a r as mycol o g y and mycologists a r e concerned.

To reverse t h i s d e c l i n e i n mycology and i n s u r e a sound f u t u r e f o r t h e science i n academia. I b e l i e v e t h a t mycologists need t o do two t h i n g s . F i r s t we must work t o convince nonmycologists o f t h e benef i t s r e s u l t i n g from t h e presence o f one o r more myc o l o g i s t s i n t h e i r department. Secondly we must update our courses t o i n c l u d e new and p e r t i n e n t i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t w i l l capture t h e i n t e r e s t and imagina t i o n o f undergraduates. Outstanding students must be i d e n t i f i e d e a r l y and guided i n t o graduate programs t h a t w i l l t r a i n them n o t o n l y as mycologists, b u t a l s o g i v e them o t h e r " s t a t e o f t h e a r t " s k i l l s t h a t so many academic departments are l o o k i n g f o r . Thus equipped t h e new m y c o l o g i s t w i l l be more comp e t a t i v e i n t h e c u r r e n t j o b market.

J.K. MISRA, Kavek Shodh E k a i ( M y c o l o g i c a 1 R e s e a r c h U n i t ) , D e p a r t m e n t of B o t a n y , S r i J a i N a r a i n D e g r e e C o l l e g e , Lucknow 226001 I n d i a . Fungi from t h e p l a n t d e t r i t u s under a l k a l i n e w a t e r and t h e i r e c o l o g y . C o l l e c t i o n and i s o l a t i o n of f u n g i f r o m t h e d e c o m p o s i n g p l a n t p a r t s under alkali n e a q u a t i c h a b i t a t h a v e b e e n mads u s i n g various techniqoes. A t o t a l o f f i f t y f i v e s p e c i e s belonging t o t h i r t y nine genera were o b t a i n e d . O f t h e s e 3 6 genera belonge d t o g s o f u n g i w h i l e t h e rest t h r e e t o a q u a t i c f u n g i . The r e s u l t i n d i c a t e d cs s u b s t r a t e r e l a t i ~ n s h i ~ / ~ r e f e r e n among t h e f u n g a l forms r e c o v e r e d , b e s i d e s having r e l a t i o n s h i p with other f actorr of water. Many of t h e f u n g a l f o r m s a l s o ahowsd t h e i r a c t i v e growth o n t h e d e c o m p o s i n g m a t e r i a l when c o l l e c t e d . Nutrient source and t h e n a t u r e o f t h e a v a i l a b l e s u b s t r a t e b e e i d e s t h e physico-chemical f a c t o r o f t h e w a t e r a p p e a r t o p l a y d e c i s i v e r o l e on t h e e c o l o g y , n a t u r e end a c t i v i t y of f u n g i i n t h e habitat studied.

Mohan, M.,

see Meyer, R. J.,

et. al.

M. MOHAN, R. MEYER, J. ANDERSON, and P.A. HORGEN, Department of Botany, Mushroom Research Group, University of Toronto, Erindale Campus, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6 Evidence for three distinct plasmid-like DNA components in the mitochondria of Agaricus In the examination of over twenty-five isolates of both Agaricus brunnescens (bisporus) and A. bitorquis genomes, we for .polymorphism in the mitochondria1 - . observed an extreme divergence in the comparative restriction maps of one A. bitorquis isolate. Upon closer examination, it became apparent that two unique linear plasmid-like DNA components were localized in the isolated mitochondria of A. bitor&is (strain Ag4): pEM (7.5 kilobases) and pMPJ (4.0 kilobases). Restriction endonuclease digests indicated that pEM consisted of two distinct components, both 7.5 kilobases in size, but with uniquely different restriction sites and copy number within the mitochondria. Denaturation and partial renaturation of pEM1, and pEM2 mixtures followed by electron microscopy indicated regions of inverted repeated sequences on the pEM genomes. Replacement labeling of the pEM plasmid-like DNAs provided a probe for hybridization studies. No homology was detected between the pEM plasmid like DNAs, and the Ag4 nuclear or the Ag4 mitochondria1 genomes Furthermore, no hybridization was detected between the pEM components and pMPJ. These data suggest independent replication of all three plasmid-like DNA components. The potential utilization of pEM and pMPJ as transformation vectors for the cutivated mushroom will be discussed.

.

R. Molina and J. M. Trappe. F o r e s t r y Sciences Lab, 3n)O J e f f e r s o n Way, Corval 1i s OR 97331. The mycorrhizal c o n t r i b u t i o n o f s p e c i f i c and n o n s p e c i f i c plant-fungus a s s o c i a t i o n s t o f o r e s t comnuni t y dynamics. S p e c i f i c mycorrhizae range from v e r y s p e c i a l i z e d t o general i z e d p l ant-fungus a s s o c i a t i o n s i n nature. Some f u n g i w i l l form mycorrhizae w i t h o n l y a s p e c i f i c p l a n t species o r genus ( s p e c i a l i s t s ) w h i l e o t h e r s can associate w i t h a wide a r r a y o f p l a n t species ( g e n e r a l i s t s ) . S i m i l a r l y , a p l a n t species may associate w i t h o n l y a 1 i m i t e d number o f s p e c i f i c fungus species w h i l e o t h e r s can 1it e r a l l y associate w i t h thousands of fungus species. Because t r e e s and associated v e g e t a t i o n need mycorrhizae f o r establishment i n n a t u r a l f o r e s t systems, t h e degree t o which they depend on s p e c i f i c mycorrhizal f u n g i and t h e presence o f those f u n g i i n d i s t u r b e d f o r e s t s i t e s can be i m p o r t a n t i n determining t h e i n i t i a l composition o f t h e f o r e s t comnunity. P l a n t succession may 1 ikewise be i n f l u e n c e d by t h e s p e c i a l i z e d nature of t h e mycorrhizal a s s o c i a t i o n s and presence o f fungus species i n developing comnunities. D i f f e r e n t t r e e species o r t r e e s and shrubs can a l s o share mycorrhizal mycelium; r e c e n t s t u d i e s demonstrate t h e movement o f carbohydrates and water between p l a n t s v i a a shared mycorrhizal fungus. Overstory/understory composition and i t s change through time may thus be s i g n i f i c a n t l y a f f e c t e d b y mycorrhizal interconnections. Be1owground m y c o r r h i z a l considerations a r e thus e s s e n t i a l t o f u l l understanding of community dynamics.

36 GARETH MORGAN-JONES. Department o f Botany, Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Auburn University, Alabama 36849. Parasitism o f cysts and eggs of phytonematodes by soil Hyphomycetes. A number of opportunistic soil Hyphomycetes have been found to be capable of colonizing cysts and eaas of ~hytonematodesbelongingtb the geneFi ~ l o b b d k r a ,Heterodera and Meloidogyne. In surveys conducted in the southeastern United States and in Colombia Exophiala pisciphila, Fusarium oxysporum, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Verticillium chlamydosporium were frequently encounter as egg parasites. Isolates of P. lilacinu and 1. chlamydosporium prevented larval hatchinn in vitrca n d w e r e able to colonize eggs o f Meloidogyne arenaria by hyphal penetration. Both egg shell and larval cuticle were disrupted and hyphae readily proliferated endogenously within eggs and larvae. Hyphae within eggs were able to reemerge through the shell and produce conidiophores. Disorganization of the chitin and lipid layers of the egg shell was evident ' Invaded larvae became necrotic and disintegrated internally.

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J. CARRANZA MORSE and R. L. GILBERTSON. Plant Patholonv -, De~t..Universitv of Arizona. Tucson. Az. 85721. ~omvarativestudik of some members of-the genus Fomitopsis with rose colored context. -

.

Species in Fomitopsis with rose colored context form a natural group with other common characteristics. These include cylindric spores, a trimitic hyphal system, and a brown rot decay type. Comparative morphological studies disclose a close similarity in microscopic and macroscopic characters in the complex but indicate that it is comprised of seven species. These are: Fomitopsis cajanderi. F. rosea, F. carnea, F. lilacino-gilva, E. feei, F. dochmius and F. cupreo-rosea. All seven species have been isolated in pure culture. Cultural morphology and temperature relationships generally support recognition of seven species in the complex. Mating systems demostrated that bipolar heterothallism is a comon characteristic in this group. Attempts to retrieve homokaryons for interfertility tests are in progress. Homokaryons from 3 species, are completely F. -feei, F. cajanderi and F. -, incompatible. Homokaryons of F. feei from widely separated localities also showed complete incompatibility within the species.

-

J.T. MULLINS, C.C. BERTKE and J.M. ARONSON. Department of Botany, University of Rori da, Gai nesvi 1 le, FL. 32611 and Department of Botany and Microbiology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287. An unusual form of chi tin in Achlya ambisexualisT

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A recent investigation from another laboratory (3. Gen. Microbiol 128,207,1982) reported x-ray evidence o f chitin in cell walls of Achl a radiosa. Chi tin of weak crystallinity is i d e m i s previous work and comparison with our x-ray patterns is precluded. We have examined a cell wall fraction from 11, ambisexualis E87 male having unusual properties in that it is more highly crystalline than the achitins normally observed in fungi and the

lattice spacing is not readily perceptible. 6.8-6.9 We find some similarity between this Achlya "chitin" and a @-chitin fraction prepared from the squid (Loligo). If confirmed, the presence of 0-chitin in an Oomycete would have interesting ramifications considering the known occurrence of 0-chitin in chrysophytes.

FAYE MURRIN. Biology Department, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada. Characteristics of the nucleus of Entomophaga aulicae (Entomophthorales): phylogenetic and functional significance. Nuclei of Entomophaga aulicae were studied usine light microscopy, electron microscopy and DNA biochemistry. Details of mitosis, as studied by analysis of serial sections, appear to be important phylogenetic indicators. Particularly significant are the bar-shaped morphology of the nucleus associated organelle, the spindle arrangement and abundance of condensed chromatin. Comparison of protoplast and hyphal nuclei by morphometric analysis of light and electron micrographs shows some differences in the two populations of nuclei, including differences in size and chromatin condensation. Independent methods of DNA determination were used to show that the amount of DNA per haploid genome in E. aulicae is two orders of magnitude greater than values for other fungi reported in the literature. Phylogenetic and functional significance of these observations are discussed.

Nagle, H. G., see Williams, M. C.

S. Y . NEWELL and R . 0. FALLON. University of Georgia Marine Institute, Sapelo Island, GA 31327. Fungal, algal, and bacterial respiration from standing-dead parts of a salt-marsh plant. Standing-dead leaves and culms of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora Loisel.) exhibit low C02release rates in darkness, usual ly

*

.........

"Many thanks for your kind letter about my election as a Corresponding Member of the Mycological Society of America. I feel much honoured about that surprising and unexpected nomination, and I which to thank for that the Society." Sincerely yours,

A a Emil Muller

"I am overwhelmed by the kindness and courtesy the members of the Mycological Society of America have shown me, and I am most grateful. Knowing as I do the distinguished membership of the Society and its remarkable record of service to our science during the past fifty years and more, I feel too small indeed to deserve an honour so great. And yet, I cherish it as something most precious and memorable and it is with justifiable pride that I accept it. I also consider it as a sign of the enormous goodwill and friendliness between our two countries. I thank you and the Society most sincerely for the honour bestowed on me."

49 COMPUTER SOFTWARE A V A I L A B L E - - F O R

GIVE-AWAY,

SALE,

OR EXCHANGE

Robert E. Macho1 r e c e n t l y described a numerical taxonomy technique f o r a s s i g n i n g lowerl e v e l taxa (such as genera) t o h i g h e r - l e v e l taxa (such as f a m i l i e s ) , and a p p l i e d i t t o f o u r c o n t r o v e r s i a l questions i n Agaricales taxonomy (See Nova Hedwiga 21: 753-787. 1972). A FORTRAN program i s avai 1a b l e t o MSA members. Does anyone have personal l y developed programs they would share w i t h o t h e r MSA members?

A f r e e brochure d e s c r i b i n g BioSuperfile, a user f r i e n d l y microcomputer software package, i s a v a i l a b l e from BIOSIS. B i o S u p e r f i l e i s a p i e c e o f " f i l i n g system" software and allows users t o create, m a i n t a i n and update a f i l e o f b i b l i o g r a p h i c references. I t a l s o b u i l d s a d i c t i o n a r y o f any terms designated as "index terms" i n t h e references, and provides informat i o n r e t r i e v a l c a p a b i l i t i e s . Menu-driven. CP/M o r MS-DOS. B i o s u p e r f i l e was designed t o p r o v i d e information r e t r i e v a l capabi 1it i e s f o r t h e BIOSIS I n f o r m a t i o n T r a n s f e r System (B- I-T-S) , t h e i r newest, i n d i v i d u a l l y - t a i l o r e d c u r r e n t awareness service. A v a i l a b l e o n l y t o B-I-T-S subscribers a t t h e s p e c i a l p r i c e o f $100.00. Write: BioSciences I n f o r m a t i o n Service, 2100 Arch S t r e e t , Philadelphia, PA 19103-1399.

OTHER M Y C O L O G I C A L I T E M S A V A I L A B L E - - F O R

GIVE-AWAY,

SALE,

OR EXCHANGE

Michael R. Tal l e y has f o r s a l e used American O p t i c a l hemacytometers (improved ~ e u b a u e r ) f o r $10.00 each p l u s $1 .OO postage. L i m i t e d supply. Abraham Weintraub o f f e r s a S p i n e t t e e l e c t r i c c e n t r i f u g e (4-tube t a b l e u n i t ) f o r $50.00. Postage e x t r a . He a l s o has an experimental new l i q u i d microscope s l i d e mounting medium i n a one ounce b o t t l e f o r 63.00. Shipping e x t r a on both. S t e r i l e Experimental c u l t u r e media ( e x t r a c t i v e s ) a l s o s t i 11 a v a i l a b l e . F l o r i d a Mycology Research Center o f f e r s the World's l a r g e s t mushroom spore s e l e c t i o n . FMKC a l s o c a r r i e s an assortment o f mushroom growing supplies, and a f r e e c a t a l o g i s a v a i l a b l e upon request from Stephen L. Peele.

The significance of fungi No. 2 T h e Fly Ags.ric u s e d to drive Ancient Vikings

BERSERK I ! I

PUBLICATIONS WANTED

P. C. Jain needs books and papers on p l a s t i c and rubber degrading b a c t e r i a and f u n g i . C. Volbracht wishes t o buy o r exchange o l d mushroom books. T. D. Murray i s i n need o f a copy of DISEASES OF CEREALS AND GRASSES OF NORTH AMERICA by R. Sprague.

D. F. Kendra needs t h e f o l l o w i n g books: GENETICS OF FUNGI by K. Esser and R. Kuenen ( E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n ) Springer Verlag Inc., New York, 1967; FUNGAL METABOLITES by W. B. Turner. Academic Press. New York, 1971 ; MYCOGENETICS : AN INTRODUCTION TO THE GENERAL GENETICS OF FUNGI by J. H. Burnett. John Wiley & Sons. New York, 1979. FUNGAL GENETICS by J. R. S. Fincham, P. R. Day, and A. Radford. Botanical Monographs Volume 4. U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a Press. Berkeley, 1979.

N. Amano i s l o o k i n g f o r TAXONOMY OF FUNGI IMPERFECT1 by B. Kendrick (ed.) U n i v e r s i t y o f Toronto Press, 1971. R. W. Kerrigan wants anything " o l d " on commercial mushroom c u l t u r e , p a r t i c u l a r l y spawnr e l a t e d information. J. S. Shipman i s i n need o f any i n f o r m a t i o n on s c i e n t i f i c computer programs developed by people i n the society. M. R. T a l l e y would l i k e copies o f MYCOLOGIA before 1974. T. M. Hammi 11 needs a copy o f CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, 1981.

Vol ume 59.

0. Constantinescu wants pub1 i c a t i o n s on Peronosporales ( o l d and new).

Y. Renaud would 1ike r e p r i n t s w i t h d e t a i 1ed d e s c r i p t i o n s of Myxomycetes. L. L. Norvel wishes any p u b l i c a t i o n s d e a l i n g w i t h Higher Fungi and Myxomycetes of t h e P a c i f i c Northwest (see Notes and Comnents f o r more). W.

R. Burk wants r e p r i n t s on the Gasteromycetes.

S. L. Stephenson needs r e p r i n t s on Myxomycetes. S. K. Abdullah wants any papers on Aero-aquatic c o n i d i a l f u n g i and coprophilous and s o i 1 as comycetes

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T. E. Chase i s i n need o f GENETICS OF SEXUALITY IN HIGHER FUNGI by J. R. Raper. R. T u l l o s s needs a copy o f AGARICACEAE OF MICHIGAN by C. H. Kauffman.

J. Ammirat.i needs METHUEN HANDBOOK OF COLOUR by A. Kornerup and J. H. Wanscher. (Second o r more r e c e n t a d d i t i o n i s p r e f e r r e d ) . H. M. Saylor would l i k e copies o f European and A u s t r a l i a n p u b l i c a t i o n s on hypogeous and s e c o t i o i d fungi.

CAUTION TO AQUATIC MYCOLOGISTS:

HEMPSEEDS THAT A m OVER-BOILED USUALLY GQ TO POT*

51 POSITIONS WANTED EDWARD A. FELIX i s seeking a post-doctoral o r permanent f a c u l t y - s t a f f p o s i t i o n (teaching/ research), beginning September 1984. Ph. D. , U n i v e r s i t y o f Texas, Austin. Major prof e s s o r : Gary T. Cole. Research i n t e r e s t : broad, pathogenic mycology t o p h y s i o l o g i c a l ecology o f f u n g i . JON POLISHOOK wishes a master's l e v e l research p o s i t i o n . Jon s t u d i e d w i t h C. J. K. Wang a t SUNY, and has 1+ years l a b experience w i t h mycotoxins, taxonomy o f i m p e r f e c t f u n g i , and decay of p r e s e r v a t i v e t r e a t e d wood. STEVEN E. CARPENTER desires employment i n teaching and research i n a u n i v e r s i t y environment. Research i n t e r e s t s i n c l ude taxonomy o f t h e D i scomycetes, fungal c o l o n i z a t i o n o f heat disturbance s i t e s such as M t . S t . Helens, and Discomycetes as mycorrhizal f u n g i . A v a i l able f o r employment any time. ERIC A. JOHNSON i s seeking an a s s i s t a n t p r o f e s s o r s h i p i n fungal and b a c t e r i a l physiology. HANANYA J. KRONENBERG i s seeking a p o s i t i o n i n a company i n v o l v e d i n fermentations, fermented foods, c u l t u r e maintenance and inoculum development, research i n appl i e d mycology, s i n g l e c e l l p r o t e i n , a n t i b i o t i c production, o r r e l a t e d areas. N.S. , 1983, Cornel 1 U n i v e r s i t y . Major professor: Y. D. Hang (R. P. K o r f on committee). A v a i l a b l e immediately and w i l l r e l o c a t e . Research i n t e r e s t s and pub1 i c a t i o n s i n O r i e n t a l fermented foods. Also i n t e r e s t e d i n O r i e n t a l mushrooms and waste u t i l i z a t i o n . STEPHEN J. BECK i s searching f o r a teaching a s s i s t a n t s h i p / r e s e a r c h f e l l o w s h i p i n a pred o c t o r a l program. Since r e c e i v i n g h i s M.A. i n December 1980, he has been teaching General B i o l o g y a t t h e c o l l e g e l e v e l . His main research experience has been w i t h the study of fungal p a r a s i t i s m of e u k a r y o t i c a1 gae (see general announcements) ; however, he i s i n t e r e s t e d i n many aspects o f m i c r o b i o l o g i c a l research. MARGUERITE A. PERSI would l i k e a post-doctoral o r a s s i s t a n t p r o f e s s o r l e v e l p o s i t i o n as soon as possible. Ph.D.: Medical College o f Ohio, Toledo. Major professor: Jeffrey C. Burnham. Her research i n t e r e s t s c e n t e r around pathogenic mechanisms e s p e c i a l l y r e l a t e d t o mycology (e. g., Candida o r o t h e r y e a s t s ) .

POSTDOCTORAL POSITIONS AVAILABLE New York S t a t e A g r i c u l t u r e Experiment S t a t i o n : Post-doctoral f e l l o w s h i p (perhaps two) i n CELL BIOLOGY. F e l l o w ( s ) wi 11 p a r t i c i p a t e i n ongoing research concerned w i t h s i g n a l r e c e p t i o n and transmission f o r c e l l d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n and m i t o s i s i n Uromyces phase01 i Research i n v o l v e s calcium and calmodul i n i n t e r a c t i o n s w i t h t h e microtubule-mi c r o f i l ament cytoskeleton through t h e course o f s i g n a l reception. Experience i n c e l l b i o l o g y and 1 i g h t and/or transmission e l e c t r o n microscopy p r e f e r r e d . Stipend: Approx. $1 7,000. Avai 1 a b l e immediately. Contact Harvey C. Hoch.

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Purdue U n i v e r s i t y : Post-doctoral research a s s o c i a t e p o s i t i o n a v a i l a b l e August 1, 1984, f o r research on t h e DEVELOPMENTAL BIOCHEMISTRY o f B l a s t o c l a d i e l l a . W r i t e James S. L o v e t t f o r more i n f o r m a t i o n . U n i v e r s i t y o f Arkansas : A two y e a r post-doctoral research associate p o s i t i o n t o study fungi o f weeds t h a t might be employed f o r b i o c o n t r o l o f t h e weed species. W r i t e o r telephone George E. Templeton t o l e a r n more.

VACANCIES FOR M Y C O L O G I S T S Monterey Mushrooms, i s a Santa Cruz, CA f i r m s p e c i a l i z i n g i n production and s a l e o f h i g h q u a l i t y , e d i b l e mushrooms (Agaricus b i s orus) and has a new research f a c i l i t y near Watsonville, CA (ready f o r occupancy i n July, 1 9 8 6 are ~ seeking t o fill two e n t r y - l e v e l Ph.D. p o s i t i o n s i n MUSHROOM GROWTH RESEARCH. Successful applicants w i l l work as p a r t o f an i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y research team on new and i n n o v a t i v e p r o j e c t s r e l a t e d t o y i e l d and q u a l i t y . One p o s i t i o n r e q u i r e s a demonstrated abi 1 it y i n i n v e s t i g a t i n g biochemical aspects o f physi o l o g i c a l , genetic, o r pathological problems i n fungal systems (organismal o r i e n t a t i o n ) . This s c i e n t i s t w i l l be responsible f o r research i n mushroom growth, reproduction, and qua1 it y . The second p o s i t i o n r e q u i r e s a background i n fermentation, s o i 1 biochemistry, p o u l t r y n u t r i t i o n , o r p l a n t physiology. P r i o r experience w i t h complex n u t r i t i o n a l substrates he1p f u l This i n d i v i d u a l w i l l be expected t o have a l e a d i n g r o l e i n t h e development o f n u t r i t i o n a l supplements and compos t i ng techno1 ogy. The company o f f e r s growth p o t e n t i a1 , competitive s a l a r i e s , and a f u l l b e n e f i t package i n c l u d i n g r e l o c a t i o n expense reimbursement. Send resume o r c u r r i c u l u m v i t a e w i t h t h r e e r e ferences t o Dodie Rogers, Monterey Mushrooms, P. 0. Box 1990, Santa Cruz, CA 95061.

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A p p l i c a t i o n s w i l l soon be taken f o r two MYCOLOGICAL TECHNICIAN p o s i t i o n s a t t h e Center For Forest Mycology Research, Madison, M I . Employment begins October 1 , 1984. I f i n t e r e s t e d , send a resume t o Harold H. Burdsall who w i l l send p a r t i c u l a r s when they become f i n a l ized. The Department o f Botany, U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , Berkeley, i s seeking t o f i l l t h e p o s i t i o n o f MANAGER OF THE MICROGARDEN. The p o s i t i o n includes c u r a t o r i a l , preparatory, and a d m i n i s t r a t i v e d u t i e s r e l a t i n g t o 1 i v i n g fungal and a1 gal c o l l e c t i o n s i n t h e Microgarden (a support f a c i 1 i t y t o t h e Department's teaching and research programs). Extensive pub1 ic s e r v i c e ( d i s t r i b u t i o n o f c u l t u r e s , e t c . ) i s a l s o involved. Applicants should be able t o work independently, supervise a s s i s t a n t s , and conduct i n dependent research on preservation and p r e s e n t a t i o n o f the Microgarden organisms. Experience w i t h p r e s e r v a t i o n o f microorganisms by d e s i c c a t i o n , l y o p h i 1ization, and cryogenics desirable. Minimum educational requirement i s a bachelors degree i n biology. Salary w i l l be commensur a t e w i t h experience, b u t should be i n the range o f $22,000 t o $27,000 p e r year. A v a i l a b l e Fa11, 1984. (pending r e c e i p t o f funding). For more information contact M r . Derek Maskell, Department o f Botany, U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , Berkeley, CA 94720. Phone (415 ) 642-9109. The USDA-ARS-NCR, Northern Regional Research Center (Peoria, I L 61604) has announced t h e t h r e e p o s i t i o n s summarized below. For f u r t h e r d e t a i l s c o n t a c t R. W. Detroy, a t t h e address above. RESEARCH CHEMIST. Incumbent serves as a m i c r o b i a l biochemist e x p l o r i n g the biochemical aspects of trichothecene biosynthesis. The o v e r a l l o b j e c t i v e w i l l be t o e s t a b l i s h t h e sequence o f biochemical steps and metabolic intermediate f l u x r e q u i r e d t o i n i t i a t e t h e product i o n o f these mycotoxins. Incumbent w i l l u t i l i z e r a d i o i s o t o p e t r a c e r techniques, p r o t e i n i s o l a t i o n , enzymology techniques, i n v i t r o p r o t e i n analysis, and tri chothecene t o determine how formation can be c o n t r o l l e d . MICROBIOLOGIST. Incumbent serves as a m i c r o b i a l p h y s i o l o g i s t conducting research on the c o n t r o l of trichothecene mycotoxins by Fusari um species associated w i t h cereal grains. Spec i fic a l ly, t h e incumbent: ( 1 ) determines the p h y s i o l o g i c a l parameters which i n f l u e n c e t h e overproduction o f trichothecenes; ( 2 ) i n v e s t i g a t e s metabolic r e g u l a t i o n p a t t e r n s e x i s t i n g f o r mycotoxin production; and (3) establishes n u t r i t i o n a l requirements o f these t o x i g e n i c fungi t o reduce t o x i n formation. RESEARCH GENETICIST. Incumbent serves as a molecular b i o l o g i s t / g e n e t i c i s t conducting research i n t h e appl i c a t i o n o f m i c r o b i a l genetics f o r the c o n t r o l / r e g u l a t i o n of trichothecene production by Fusarium species. S p e c i f i c a l l y , t h e incumbent conducts experiments i n t h e f o l lowing area of genetics: (1) m i c r o b i a l genetics; ( 2 ) mutational analysis; ( 3 ) c l a s s i c a l Fusari um g e n e t i c a n a l y s i s ; ( 4 ) RNA/DNA i s o l a t i o n and c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n ; and ( 5 ) p l asmi d/ organel l e i s 0 1 a t i o n .

ASSISTANTSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS AVAILABLE

53

Frostburg S t a t e College: Teaching A s s i s t a n t s h i p l e a d i n g t o a M.S. i n BIOLOGY. Contact W. J . Vai 1, Department of Biology, Frostburg S t a t e College, Frostburg, MD 21532 Ohio S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y : Graduate Teaching Assistantships ( w i t h t u i t i o n waiver) i n BOTANY are a v a i l a b l e . W r i t e t o Roland Seymour o r Gary Floyd, Department o f Botany, Ohio S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , 1973 N e i l Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210. Yoder Brothers, Inc. : A s s i s t a n t s h i p a v a i l a b l e f o r work w i t h BACTERIAL DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. Contact B o l i g a l a C. Raju, C h i e f P l a n t . P a t h o l o g i s t , Yoder Brothers, Inc., P. 0. Box 68, A1 va, FL 33920. Phone (813) 728-2535. S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y of New York a t Buffalo: A s s i s t a n t s h i p s a v a i l able. Contact Dr. Charles J e f f r e y , Department o f B i o l o g i c a l Sciences, 109 Cooke H a l l , S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y o f New York a t B u f f a l o , Buffalo, NY 14260. U n i v e r s i t y of Texas: Graduate Student A s s i s t a n t s h i p s a v a i l a b l e i n APPLIED MYCOLOGY. Send i n q u i r y t o Gary T. Cole, Department o f Botany, Univ. o f Texas, Austin, TX 78712. U n i v e r s i t y o f Vermont: Fel lowships t o study CLASSICAL, POPULATION, OR MOLECULAR GENETICS OF BASIDIOMYCETES. Contact D r . Robert C. U l l r i c h , Department o f Botany, Marsh L i f e Science B u i l d i n g , U n i v e r s i t y o f Vermont, B u r l i n g t o n , VT 05405. Brigham Young U n i v e r s i t y : Teaching A s s i s t a n t s h i p s i n MYCOLOGY. 285 W i dtsoe , B r i gham Young Un iv e r s i t y , Provo , UT 84602.

W r i t e t o D a r r e l l Weber,

Auburn U n i v e r s i t y : Graduate Research A s s i s t a n t s h i p s and Postdoctoral Research Fel lowships a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r study o f t h e ROLE OF NON-PREDATORY HYPHOMYCETES I N BIOCONTROL OF PHYTONEMATODES. Contact Gareth Morgan-Jones, Department o f Botany and Microbiology, Auburn Uni v e r s i t y , Auburn AL 36830. U n i v e r s i t y o f North Carol inay I n s t i t u t e o f Marine Sciences: One A s s i s t a n t s h i p , s t a r t i n g September 1 , 1984, f o r 2 years. Contact Jan Kohlmeyer, I n s t i t u t e o f Marine Sciences, U n i v e r s i t y o f North Carolina, Morehead C i t y , NC 28557. Northern Arizona U n i v e r s i t y : Graduate Research Assistantship, 2-year appointment f o r M.S. program i n MYCOLOGY. Research i n v o l v e s work w i t h ECTOMYCORRHIZAE OF PINE. For more information, g e t i n touch w i t h Jack States, Box 5640, Northern Arizona U n i v e r s i t y , F l a g s t a f f , AZ 8601 1. U n i v e r s i t y o f Arkansas: Research A s s i s t a n t s h i p f o r an M.S. o r Ph. D. a s p i r a n t t o s t u d y BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS USING FUNGAL PATHOGENS. Bachelor's o r Master's degree i n P l a n t Pathology, Microbiology, o r Mycology required. Salary $1 3,500.00 - $14,800.00. W r i t e G. J. Weidemann, Department o f P l a n t Pathology, 217 P l a n t Science, U n i v e r s i t y of Arkansas, F a y e t t e v i 1 1e, AR 72701. Phone (501 ) 575-2445. Southern I l l i n o i s U n i v e r s i t y : Doctoral Fellowship, f o r 1985-1986, w i t h $8,500 s t i p e n d p l u s t u i t i o n w a i v e r f o r each o f 3 years (University-wide competition, 5 a v a i l a b l e ) . Also Teaching A s s i s t a n t s h i p ( a v a i l a b l e on Departmental c o m p e t i t i v e b a s i s ) f o r M.A. o r Ph. D. a s p i r a n t i n SYSTEMATIC MYCOLOGY. Duties i n Gen. Biology, Gen. Botany and/or F o r e s t Pathology. W r i t e W. J. Sundberg, Dept. o f Botany, SIU, Carbondale, I L 62901.

DON PFISTER HAS COPIES OF D. P. ROGERS' "A BRIEF HISTORY OF P4YCOLOGY IN NORTH AMERICA"

54

CHANGES OF A F F I L I A T I O N OR STATUS

ROBERT L. WICK, formerly an a s s i s t a n t professor i n t h e Department o f P l a n t Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science a t V i r g i n i a Polytechnic I n s t i t u t e and State U n i v e r s i t y , Blacksburg, VA, w i l l be j o i n i n g t h e f a c u l t y a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Massachusetts, Suburban Experiment S t a t i o n , Wal tham, MA, May 1 , 1984. JANE TROLINGER r e c e n t l y accepted t h e p o s i t i o n o f research p l a n t p a t h o l o g i s t w i t h Yoder Brothers, Inc. t o work on diseases o f ornamental p l a n t s . M R Y E. PALM has accepted a p o s i t i o n as Mycologist with. USDA/Animal and P l a n t Health I n s p e c t i o n Service and w i l l be a f f i 1i a t e d w i t h t h e Mycology Laboratory i n Be1t s v i 11e, MD. NORIHIDE AMANO has moved t o t h e Laboratory o f Applied Microbiology, Research Center, Suntory Ltd., Osaka, Japan. ERIC A. JOHNSON has accepted a p o s i t i o n w i t h t h e Department o f Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. ROBERT A. HILL f o r m e r l y a t the Coastal P l a i n Experiment S t a t i o n , T i f t o n , Georgia, i s now a t t h e Department o f Biology, Tulane U n i v e r s i t y and Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA. JAMES S. LIEBMAN began a graduate program i n P l a n t Pathology a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , Berkeley, i n t h e f a l l o f 1983. His s t u d i e s on disease caused by s o i l f u n g i a r e supported by a Graduate Fellowship from t h e National Science Foundation. CAROL E. WINDELS w i l l be employed as an A s s i s t a n t Professor o f P l a n t Pathology a t t h e Northwest Experiment Station, U n i v e r s i t y o f Minnesota, Crookston, MN as o f June 1, 1984. She was p r e v i o u s l y employed as S c i e n t i s t a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Minnesota, Department of P l a n t Pathology, St. Paul, MN 55108. RICHARD W. KERRIGAN, as o f September 1984, w i l l be w i t h t h e Department o f B i o l o g i c a l Sciences, U n i v e r s i t y o f Cal i f o r n i a , Santa Barbara, CA 93106. CHIN S. YANG has accepted a one-year appointment as the Anna E. Jenkins Postdoctoral Associate i n Mycology i n the Department o f P l a n t Pathology a t Cornell U n i v e r s i t y e f f e c t i v e J u l y 1, 1984. He w i l l work w i t h Richard K o r f on t h e genera T r i c h a r i n a (Discomycetes). JOHN F. LESLIE has r e c e n t l y moved t o Manhattan, KS, from Terre Haute, IN, and i s now an A s s i s t a n t Professor i n t h e P l a n t Pathology Department a t Kansas S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y . CHRIS LUCAROTTI w i l l soon be l e a v i n g h i s post-doctoral p o s i t i o n a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a-Ri verside, where he has been working on Coelomomyces w i t h B r i a n Federi c i E f f e c t i v e August 1, 1984, Chris w i l l serve as A s s i s t a n t Professor i n t h e Biology Department o f Mount S a i n t Vincent U n i v e r s i t y , H a l i f a x , Nova Scotia, Canada B3M 256.

.

MARGUERITE A. PERSI i s c u r r e n t l y a P e r i o d o n t i c Trainee a t t h e Center f o r Oral Health Research, School o f Dental Medicine, Department o f Microbiology, U n i v e r s i t y o f Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104. PATRICIA E. BOYD i s now a production e d i t o r w i t h Academic Press i n Orlando, FL. JOHN B. SUTHERLAND has accepted a new p o s i t i o n i n t h e BioSource I n s t i t u t e and I n s t i t u t e of Wood Research, Michigan Technological U n i v e r s i t y , Houghton , M I . MARTINA S. GILLIAM-DAVIES i s back from f i v e years i n Saudi Arabia and i s hoping t o resume study o f Marasmius.

55 DELORES RYKARD ( s t u d e n t o f E. S. L u t t r e l l ) completed h e r Ph.D. a t the U n i v e r s i t y o f Georgia _ i n March 1983 and has accepted a permanent p o s i t i o n a t Coker College, B i o l o g y Department, H a r t s v i 11e, SC. KENT P. DUMONT i s no l o n g e r on t h e s t a f f o f t h e New York Botanical Garden. Mycologists who a r e s t u d y i n g c o l l e c t i o n s obtained by Dumont i n South America should send determinations t o Clark T. Rogerson, New York Botanical Garden. I f loans were i n v o l v e d i n t h e a r rangements f o r examining t h e specimens, t h e m a t e r i a l s should be r e t u r n e d t o Dr. P a t r i c i a K. Holmgren, D i r e c t o r of t h e Herbarium (NY), New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458.

R. CURRAH, whose t h e s i s was e n t i t l e d "The taxonomy of t h e Onygenales : Arthrodermataceae, Gymnoascaceae and Myxotri chaceae" , completed h i s Ph. D. i n Medi c a l Sciences (Medical M i c r o b i o l o g y ) a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f A l b e r t a and r e t u r n s f u l l - t i m e t o h i s p o s i t i o n as Research a s s o c i a t e a t t h e U. of A. Devonian Botanic Garden. MICHAEL R. TALLEY, who was f o r m e r l y employed by METPATH INC., of PATHLAB LTD., Council B l u f f s , I A .

i s now a mycological c o n s u l t a n t

CHESTER R. BENJAMIN has been reassigned, v i a o f f i c e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n , t o t h e p o s i t i o n o f Senior A s s i s t a n t t o t h e A s s i s t a n t A d m i n i s t r a t o r f o r I n t e r n a t i o n a l A f f a i r s and Planning, O f f i c e of I n t e r n a t i o n a l Cooperation and Development, USDA. GEOFFREY PUGH has l e f t As t o n U n i v e r s i t y t o become Head o f Department, Department of B i o l o g i c a l Sciences a t Portsmouth Polytechnic, Portsmouth, England.

STEPHEN L PEELE CL~ATOR

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56

TRAVELS AND V I S I T S

DAVID W. MINTER v i s i t e d I n d i a l a s t September w i t h Paul Cannon, a l s o o f C. M. I.,t o make f u r t h e r c o l l e c t i o n s o f microfungi i n Himachal Pradesh State. E. B. GARETH JONES spent the month of February, 1984, a t Kuwait U n i v e r s i t y and w i l l a t t e n d t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l B i o d e t e r i o r a t i o n Symposi um i n Washington, DC i n August 1984. He then plans t o v i s i t Dr. Perkins (VIMS), Paul W. K i r k (Old Dominion U n i v e r s i t y , N o r f o l k ) , Jan Kohlmeyer ( U n i v e r i s t y o f North Carolina, Morehead C i t y ) , and J. F e l l (Miami ). ROLAND SEYMOUR spent 10 weeks a t t h e Centro de I n v e s t i g a c i o n de Paludismo i n Tapachula, Mexico working on a newly funded National Academy o f Science p r o j e c t i n v o l v i n g t h e i s o l a t i o n o f m i c r o b i a l pathogens o f mosquito 1arvae. ANDREW S. METHVEN v i s i t e d the U n i v e r s i t y o f Michigan i n February t o examine c o l l e c t i o n s o f C l avariadelphus i n the U n i v e r s i t y Herbari um. DAWN JOHNS, m i c r o b i o l o g i s t , Jamaican Bureau o f Standards, Kingston, has completed a 10-month study program w i t h Donald T. Wicklow a t t h e ARS C u l t u r e C o l l e c t i o n , USDA, Peoria, I L . Her focus has been on the i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f t o x i g e n i c f u n g i i n a g r i c u l t u r a l produce. DENNIS E. DESJARDINS spent the month o f January i n Japan. He v i s i t e d the T o t t o r i Mycological I n s t i t u t e i n T o t t o r i - s h i and the Forestry and Forest Products Research I n s t i t u t e i n Tsuchi ura City. SHANNON M. BERCH spent t h r e e weeks i n March i n Richard Benjamin's l a b o r a t o r y a t Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden studying Zygomycetes. H. PETER MOLITORIS (Regensburg, Kohlmeyer on p h y s i o l o g i c a l months w i t h Drs. M o l i t o r i s s t u d i e s on the ontogeny o f

Germany) i s spending h i s sabbatical leave working w i t h Jan problems i n marine fungi. SCOTT SCHATZ i s working f o r two and Kohlmeyer on enzymatic questions i n marine f u n g i and Ascomycetes.

GERALDINE C. KAYE v i s i t e d David Malloch's Mycology Laboratory a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Toronto on A p r i 1 23. GARETH MORGAN-JONES v i s i t e d the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Potato Center (CIP) , Lima, Peru and conducted f i e l d surveys i n Huanuco, Arequipa, and Cuzco, Peru d u r i n g A p r i l . Dr. P a r v i z J a t a l a , CIP, Lima, Peru r e c i p r o c a t e d by coming t o Auburn U n i v e r s i t y i n March t o c o l l a b o r a t e on research on nematode b i o c o n t r o l by fungi. Harry D. T h i e r s ' l i s t o f v i s i t o r s t o the Herbarium a t San Francisco S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y includes MASON HALE, MARY E. PALM, and HARRIET BURGE. IRA F. SALKIN and J. KANE, Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario M i n i s t r y o f Heal t h , Toronto, v i s i t e d t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f A l b e r t a Mold Herbarium and Culture C o l l e c t i o n i n February, 1984, t o g i v e a course w i t h Lynne S i g l e r i n medical mycology. V i s i t o r s t o UAMH d u r i n g 1983 i n c l u d e d M. RINALDI, T. Y. ZHANG, A. TSUNEDA, and G. T. COLE. LARRY J. LITTLEFIELD spent one month (May 20-June 20) c o l l e c t i n g diseased m a t e r i a l and r u s t urediniospores from 1eafy spurge and cypress spurge i n Greece, Yugoslavia, Romania, Hungary, and I t a l y . NANG YUN, from t h e I n s t i t u t e o f Forestry and S o i l Science, Academia S i n i c a i n Shenyang, China, i s j u s t e n t e r i n g t h e - second year o f a two y e a r p o s i t i o n as V i s i t i n g Mycologist a t the USDA Forestry Sciences Laboratory i n Corval l i s , OR. Dr. Yun's major i n t e r e s t s a r e i n mycorrhizae and t h e taxonomy o f hypogeous fungi. He has met some American mycologists, wants t o make more American f r i e n d s , and wishes t o exchange ideas and specimens.

57 PAPERS,

SEMINARS,

SYMPOSIA,

AND WORKSHOPS

G. B. CALLEJA was a r a p p o r t e u r a t t h e Dahlem Konferenzen workshop on " M i c r o b i a l adhesion and aggregation" January 15-20, 1984, i n B e r l i n . R. S. UPADHYAY presented a research paper on Fusarium udum i n t h e 4 t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l Congress o f P l a n t Pathology h e l d a t Melbourne, A u s t r a l i a , from August 17-24, 1983.

ROLAND SEYMOUR offered a 1aboratory/discussion session on "Mycoses o f i n v e r t e b r a t e vectors of human disease" d u r i n g a s h o r t course on New Developments i n Vector Control a t t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l Center f o r Pub1 i c Health Research,Xi.v. o f South C K o l i n a , ~ m n v 1i l e y SC. ANDREW S. METHVEN l e c t u r e d on "The genus L a c t a r i u s i n n o r t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a " t o t h e San Francisco blycol o g i c a l Society i n December, 1983. PAUL T. ARNOLD presented "Comparisons o f VA mycorrhizal spore populations and i n f e c t i v i t y i n response t o sewage sludge vs. urea-phosphate f e r t i l i z e r amendment" a t t h e 6 t h Annual Graduate Ecology Symposium, Ohio S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Columbus, OH on A p r i l 7, 1984 and " E f f e c t s o f sludge a p p l i c a t i o n on VA mycorrhizal f u n g i " t o t h e Ohio Academy o f Science, Case Western U n i v e r s i t y on A p r i l 28, 1984. BOB. R. POHLAD presented " L u t t r e l l i a n concept o f ascomycete systematics" t o t h e Department of P l a n t Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, V i r g i n i a P o l y t e c h n i c I n s t i t u t e and S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y on February 20, 1984. DENNIS E. DESJARDINS gave a p r e s e n t a t i o n on "Undescribed species o f marasmioid f u n g i from C a l i f o r n i a " a t t h e C a l i f o r n i a Botanical Society Graduate Student Meetings he1 d a t Chico S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , A p r i l 7-8, 1984. GARETH MORGAN- JONES 1ectured on the "Di aporthe/Phomopsi s complex o f soybeans ; morphol ogy and ecology" a t t h e USDA sponsored conference on t h e D i aporthe/Phomopsis disease complex of soybean, F o r t Wal t o n Beach, FL March 27, 1984 and "Fungal p a r a s i t e s o f nematode eggs i n soybean" a t t h e Southern Soybean Disease Workers Meeting a t t h e same l o c a t i o n , March 28, 1984. He presented t h r e e t a l k s e n t i t l e d "Endoparasitic f u n g i " , " S o i l Hyphomycetes as c y s t and egg pathogens", and "Mode o f a c t i o n and u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l s t u d i e s " a t t h e F i r s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l Workshop on B i o l o g i c a l Control o f Nematodes h e l d a t Lima, Peru, A p r i l 9-13 and c h a i r e d t h e f i n a l session on methodology and development of b i o c o n t r o l agents. LUNG-CHI WU presented "Composting Technology", which d e a l t w i t h s u b s t r a t e f o r mushroom p r o d u c t i o n by commercial operations i n North America, a t t h e B r i t i s h Mycological S o c i e t y ' s Second General Meeting symposi um on "Resource re1 a t i o n s o f agarics" h e l d a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Manchester on A p r i l 10-13, 1984. JAMES J. FERGUSON r e p o r t s t h a t a workshop on A p p l i c a t i o n s o f Mycorrhizal Fungi i n Crop proSpond u c t i o n was h e l d a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a , G a i n e s v i l l e , FL on February 22-23. sored by t h e F r u i t Crops Department, I n s t i t u t e o f Food and A g r i c u l t u r a l Sciences (IFAS), i t was attended by s c i e n t i s t s , extension agents, and i n d u s t r y r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s from 11 s t a t e s and 3 f o r e i g n c o u n t r i e s . The meeting i n c l u d e d t a l k s on a p p l i c a t i o n s i n crop production, i n o c u l um production, v i a b i l i t y and storage, spore germination and axenic c u l t u r e , c u l t u r e c o l l e c t i o n s , crop production i n fumigated and non-fumigated s o i l s , appl ic a t i o n s i n greenhouse, f r u i t , vegetable and f o r e s t t r e e crops, and reclamation of s t r i p mined and phosphate mined lands. P. WALLACE, F. A. WOOD, J. GRAHAM, C. JOHNSON, B. HETRICK, D. SYLVIA, L. RHODES, J. MENGE, P. KORMANIK, S. NEMEC, R. BEST, J. FERGUSON, N. SCHENCK, and H. BRYAN were speakers. Proceedings o f the workshop a r e b e i n g prepared and w i l l be a v a i l a b l e from James Ferguson. ,

ROY WATLING and ORSON K. MILLER presented t a l k s on fungal ecology a t t h e A p r i l , 1984 meeting of t h e Mycological Society of San Francisco.

58

HONORS,

AWARDS,

AND PROMOT IONS

JEFF EVANS (undergraduate student o f T. M. Hammill) received an award o f $1,100.00 from t h e SUNY-Oswego Alumni Association t o continue h i s study on Melanospora f a l l a x (See Mycological Research f o r more).

New

WAiJG YUN, a v i s i t i n g mycologist ( f r o m China) a t the USDA Forestry Sciences Laboratory i n C o r v a l l i s , Oregon (see Notes And Comments f o r more), was honored by membership i n t h e S o c i e t y o f t h e Sigma X i on May 8, 1984. GARETH MORGAN-JONES has been e l e c t e d t o a three-year term on t h e Faculty Senate a t Auburn University. GUSTAVO A. ESCOBAR has been e l e c t e d Chairman o f the Departmento de B i o l o g i a o f the Universidad de El Salvador and Vice President o f the Colegio de Biologos de El Salvador f o r t h e n e x t biennial.

C. W. HESSELTINE was decorated w i t h the T h i r d Class Order o f the R i s i n g Sun i n Japan on November 28, 1983. Dr. Hessel t i n e was recognized f o r h i s d i s t i n g u i s h e d services i n development o f Japan's soysauce fermentation i n d u s t r y , improvement o f Japan ' s research on fermented soybean foods, and promotion and a c t i v e p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t e c h n i c a l coo p e r a t i o n between the United States and Japan. He i s the f i r s t f o r e i g n s c i e n t i s t t o r e c e i v e t h i s honor which i s bestowed on b e h a l f o f the Emperor. '

EDWARD A. FELIX was t h e 1984 award r e c i p i e n t o f t h e Robert A. Welch Pre-doctoral Fellowship.

R. S . UPADHYAY was awarded t h e Research Associateship o f the U n i v e r s i t y Grants Commission, New Delhi t o work on "Biology and c o n t r o l o f G i b b e r e l l a i n d i c a . " RYTAS VILGALYS was awarded the Gertrude Burlingham Fellowship from t h e New York Botanical Garden l a s t summer. EVERETT S. BENEKE received t h e Rhoda Benham ward f o r m e r i t o r i o u s c o n t r i b u t i o n s i n medical mycology from t h e Medical Mycology Society o f t h e Americas i n St. Louis, Missouri, on March 3, 1984. JOHN CLAUSZ was promoted t o Associate Professor i n 1983. GARY T. COLE was appointed Erskine V i s i t i n g Professor i n t h e Department o f Botany, U n i v e r s i t y of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, from June 1 through August 15, 1984. CHESTER R. BENJAMIN was one o f a ten-member group ( I n t e r n a t i o n a l Organization A f f a i r s Task Force) which received an " O I C D I n t e r n a t i o n a l Honor Award" t h i s Spring f o r outstanding performance i n c o o r d i n a t i n g and p r o v i d i n g leadership t o USDA p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n w o r l d agricultural affairs. TERRENCE M. HAMMILL was honored a t the Spring Honors Convocation a t SUNY-Oswego w i t h t h e 1984 SUNY-Oswego P r e s i d e n t ' s Award f o r Creative and S c h o l a r l y A c t i v i t y and Research. JILL S . SHIPMAN received a Small Business Innovative Research Grant o f $50,000 f o r a r o t a t i n g r i n g - d i s k e l e c t r o d e and presented t h e research a t t h e Energy Technology Conference 1984 i n Washington, DC i n A p r i l . RODNEY G. ROBERTS received a C e r t i f i c a t e o f M e r i t and a $1,000 cash award from t h e USDA f o r "Dedication and excellence o f performance as a p l a n t path01ogis t i n t h e i s 0 1 a t i o n and i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of fungi invading sunflower seed. " LYNN SIGLER replaced B i l l Carmichael on t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l Commission on t h e Taxonomy of Fungi, a commission o f t h e IUMS.

CLARK T. ROGERSON was given t h e D i s t i n g u i s h e d Service Award by t h e Corporation o f The New York Botanical Garden on May 11, 1984, i n r e c o g n i t i o n of h i s outstanding s e r v i c e t o t h e Garden and t o h i s profess ion. HARRY D. THIERS was awarded an Exceptional Meri t o r i us Award by C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y System f o r s e r v i c e t o t h e u n i v e r s i t y . The award i n c l u d e d a check f o r $1,500. LAFAYETTE FREDERICK was t h e r e c i p i e n t o f the "Lamplighter Award" f o r Distinguished Service i n teaching from Beta Kappa Chi National S c i e n t i f i c Society a t t h e annual meeting i n A t l a n t a , GA March 28-30. This spring, he was a l s o e l e c t e d P r e s i d e n t - e l e c t o f t h e Association o f Southeas t e r n Bi 01ogi s t s . WILLIAM LOUIS CULBERSON, who j o i n e d the f a c u l t y o f t h e Department o f Botany o f Duke U n i v e r s i t y i n 1955, has j u s t been named Hugo L. Blomquist Professor, t h e f i r s t r e c i p i e n t o f t h i s newly created c h a i r . DENNIS E. DESJARDINS was given an award a t t h e C a l i f o r n i a Botanical Society Graduate Student Meetings i n A p r i l f o r p r e s e n t a t i o n o f the b e s t paper on a t h e s i s i n progress. (Paper t i t l e : "Undescribed species o f marasmioid f u n g i from C a l i f o r n i a " ) . WALTER J. SUNDBERG was e l e c t e d t o a three-year term as Chairman o f t h e Botany Section of t h e I 1 1i n o i s S t a t e Academy o f Science.

DICK KORF advises us t h a t he, l i k e many another MSA member interested in improving his vocabulary a n d t h a t of his children, uses one of these "new word each day" c a l e n d a r s displayed a t the b r e a k f a s t table. Though many of the words a r e old c r a c k e r s , some a r e indeed new ( t o him). He, a n d he supposes other mycologists, was surprized on September 5th to see a n e n t r y for a word he had never seen before, viz., fungible a d j . Law. something exchangeable for another of like kind. They have a s i m p l e economy. based on e x change o f such f u n g i b l e goods as g r a i n and vegetables.

On the occasion of a recent mid-term test i n h i s Introductory Mycology course, Dick requested a series of definitions, among them numbering t h i s one ( f o r which he mercifully offered e x t r a c r e d i t ) . None of the students knew the l e g a l meaning, but there were some exciting answers. Four of the students took the e a s y way out, a n d merely defined fungible a s edible. Two chose v a r i a t i o n s on a theme: c a p a b l e of being attacked by a fungus, a n d a n environment especially suited t o the growth of fungi, such a s a n old p a i r of rotten boots. Knowing of Dick's interest in taxonomy, one came up with a b l e t o be classified a s a fungus. Top a w a r d , in Dick's opinion, was for believable i n a mycological sense.

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PERSONAL NEWS

MARTHA SHERWOOD married LAWRENCE PIKE on January 15, 1983. On A p r i l 29, 1984, J I L L S. SHIPMAN was m a r r i e d t o Sheldon Kaplan, a Senior Systems Analyst w i t h Binary Systems i n Newton, MA. RICHARD W.

(Rick) KERRIGAN-wed Hope W i l l i s on May 12, 1984.

NATALIE ELIZABETH PALM, daughter of Mary and Steve Palm, was born on June 28, 1983. ROSS W. DAVIDSON wishes t o announce t h a t he i s now f u l l y ' r e t i r e d a f t e r 35 years i n t h e U. S. D i v i s i o n o f Forest Pathology, then 20 years w i t h t h e Colorado S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y Wood Research Laboratory working on wood d e f e c t s and t r e e diseases, and f i n a l l y 6 weeks i n Taiwan s t u d y i n g f o r e s t t r e e diseases. J. W.

( B i l l ) CARMICHAEL r e t i r e d on December 31, 1983 from h i s p o s i t i o n as Professor and D i r e c t o r o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f A l b e r t a Mold Herbarium and C u l t u r e C o l l e c t i o n . I n e s t a b l i s h i n g UAMH as a combined h e r b a r i urn and c u l t u r e c o l l e c t i o n o f microfungi, B i l l developed i n n o v a t i v e techniques f o r the p r e p a r a t i o n o f d r i e d specimens, f o r f i 1i n g h e r b a r i um m a t e r i a l , and f o r p r e s e r v a t i o n o f 1i v i n g c u l t u r e s . During h i s tenure, t h e UAMH became w e l l e s t a b l i s h e d as a c o l l e c t i o n o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l repute. B i l l was f r e q u e n t l y consulted f o r advice on t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n and taxonomy o f Hyphomycetes and h i s e x p e r t i s e w i l l be g r e a t l y missed. B i l l has moved t o Fanny Bay, B r i t i s h Columbia where he has r e s i d e d on a p a r t - t i m e b a s i s d u r i n g t h e past 10 years. A major duty t h e r e w i l l be t o c l e a r t h e l a n d i n prepar a t i o n f o r b u i l d i n g a permanent home. A poem w r i t t e n by Randy Currah i n honor o f B i 11's r e t i r e m e n t i s published i n t h i s issue.

YVES RENAUD r e t i r e d on A p r i l 30, 1984 a f t e r 36% years w i t h t h e French Railways SNCF. (Hopef u l l y he w i l l continue h i s work w i t h t h e Socie'te' L o r r e i n e de Mycologie and h i s mycological i l l u s t r a t i o n activities.--ed. ) ROBERT BERMAN, long-time M i crogarden Manager a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Cal if o r n i a a t Berkeley, i s r e t i r i n g a t t h e end o f t h i s year.

We r e g r e t t o r e p o r t t h e f o l l o w i n g deaths: NORMAN F. CONANT, on A p r i l 23, 1984. D r . Conant, an emeritus MSA member, was James B. Duke p r o f e s s o r emeritus and former Chairman o f Microbiology a t Duke Medical Center where he taught f o r 39 years. Educated a t Bates College (Lewiston, ME) and Harvard U n i v e r s i t y , he concentrated on c a t e g o r i z i n g f u n g i and t h e diseases they cause. His Manual of C l i n i c a l Mycology, w r i t t e n d u r i n g World !Jar I1 a t t h e request o f t h e U. S. Surgeon Gene r a l , described many unusual t r o p i c a l diseases u n f a m i l i a r a t t h e time t o armed forces physicians. He a l s o published a second book, f i v e textbook chapters, and over 60 a r t i cles. For those wishing t o communicate w i t h w i f e S y l v i a , her address i s 5622 G a r r e t t Road, Durham, NC 27707. THOMAS CLIFFORD VANTERPOOL, on January 15, 1984. Also an emeritus MSA member, D r . Vanterpool r e c e i v e d h i s t r a i n i n g a t McGill U n i v e r s i t y , the U n i v e r s i t y o f Manitoba, and t h e Univ e r s i t y of Saskatchewan. His tenure as an i n s t r u c t o r - r e s e a r c h e r spanned a t o t a l of 39 y e a r s - - f o r a s h o r t p e r i o d a t McGill U n i v e r s i t y and subsequently a t the U n i v e r s i t y of Saskatchewan. He authored over 50 t e c h n i c a l papers on p l a n t disease and mycology. Among h i s n o t a b l e c o n t r i b u t i o n s was t h e demonstration t h a t a v i r u s disease i n p l a n t s could be caused by a double v i r u s and t h e discovery t h a t browning r o o t r o t of wheat was induced by Pythium and could be c o n t r o l l e d by phosphate f e r t i l i z e r s .

NOTES AND COMMENTS A NEW MYCOLOGICAL JOURNAL The a s s o c i a t i o n o f Swis? Mycological S o c i e t i e s r e c e n t l y decided t o devote t h e i r SCHWEIZERISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PILZKUNDE (SZP) t o "popular a r t i c l e s " , and i n i t i a t e a new journal--MYCOLOGIA HELVETICA--for s t r i c t l y s c i e n t i f i c works. Each volume o f MYCOLOGIA HELVETICA c o n s i s t s of 10 p a r t s issued w i t h i n 5-6 years. It contains o r i g i n a l papers i n Engl i s h , French, German, o r It a l ian on "ecology , experimental mycology , genetics , medi c a l mycology and mycotoxins, p a r t i a1 and f u l l monographs, morphology , cytology , p l e c t o l ogy , P r i o r i t y i s given c l a s s i c a l and computer a s s i s t e d taxonomy, systematics and nomenclature. to.. .papers d e a l i n g w i t h h i g h e r fungi. Contributions t o i n d u s t r i a l mycology are excluded. " The E d i t o r s welcome submission o f a r t i c l e s by MSA members. S u b s c r i p t i o n r a t e i s 14 Swiss Fr. p e r year. E d i t o r : H. Gopfert, Alpenbl i c k s t r a s s e 53, CH-8630 R u t i , Switzerland. For s u b s c r i p t i o n s contact: Mrs. J. Del amadelei ne, Rue des Combes 12, CH-2034 Peseuz, Switzerland.

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NEW UNDERGRADUATE SCHOLARSHIP IN MYCOLOGY A "Katherina Bol lenbacher Memorial Scholarship" has been e s t a b l i s h e d a t the U n i v e r s i t y o f Arkansas, F a y e t t e v i l l e , by t h e U n i v e r s i t y ' s Board o f Trustees i n r e c o g n i t i o n o f Miss Bollenbacher's c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o c o t t o n disease research w h i l e a USDA cooperating agent i n t h e Department o f P l a n t Pathology d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d 1955-1971. Among h e r more n o t a b l e achievements was t h e discovery o f t e n t o x i n ( w i t h N. D. Ful ton and B. J. Moore) d u r i n g r e search on c o t t o n s e e d l i n g d i s e a s e - - p a r t i c u l a r l y the e t i o l o g y o f variegated c o t t o n s e e d l i n g c h l o r o s i s caused by A1 t e r n a r i a a1 ternata. The scholarship, t o be awarded annual l y , w i 11 provide an upper-1 eve1 undergraduate student t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n mycological research i n the Department of P l a n t Pathology. For c o n t r i b u t i o n o r f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n contact D. A. Slack, Head, Department of P l a n t Pathology, PS 217, U n i v e r s i t y o f Arkansas, F a y e t t e v i l l e , AR 72701. INDUSTRIAL MYCOLOGY From M. J. Thirumalacher we l e a r n t h a t a Phyton-27, a water s o l u b l e f u n g i c i d e - b a c t e r i c i d e developed by t h e Jeersannidi Anderson I n s t i t u t e , i s a unique copper compound which i s nonp h y t o t o x i c and i s systemic i n plants. I t s a c t i o n i s chemotherapeutic a t f i r s t and l a t e r r e mains as p r o t e c t a n t . I t has been used f o r c o n t r o l l i n g Dutch elm and oak w i l t diseases as t r e e i n j e c t i o n , and elms w i t h up t o 30% DED have recovered a f t e r treatment. I t has EPA r e g i s t r a t i o n and i s being marketed by Source Techno1 ogy B i o l o g i c a l s , a Minnesota based corporation. The I n s t i t u t e has a l s o obtained two U. S. patents--one f o r a process f o r producing an enzyme, which e f f e c t i v e l y cleans up o i l tankers from a s t r a i n o f Actinomucor elegans, and another f o r a new species o f marine Geotrichum t h a t degrades crude o i l i n ocean o i l s p i l l s .

SUMMARY--MID-ATLANTIC STATES MYCOLOGY CONFERENCE The 1984 M i d - A t l a n t i c States Mycology Conference was h e l d A p r i l 28-29, a t V i r g i n i a Polytechnic I n s t i t u t e and S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y a t Blacksburg, VA, and was hosted by Orson K. M i l l e r . Ronald Peterson, who was t h e s p e c i a l guest speaker, l e c t u r e d on "Kiwi Klavarias; Kross-Roads o f t h e Koral Fungi." An a d d i t i o n a l 12 papers were presented a t t h e Saturday conference. H i g h l i g h t o f t h e week-end was a foray i n t o t h e Blue Ridge Mountains f o r t h e e l u s i v e Morchel l a . Plans f o r the 1985 meeting are now underway, and a l l mycologists a r e i n v i t e d t o p a r t i c i p a t e . Contact J e r r y Motta f o r information. SUGGEST MSA NEWSLETTER ADWRTISING TO FRIENDS IN MYCOLOGICALLY RELATED BUSINESSES.

62

HELP WANTED Gary A. Fine i s a s o c i o l o g i s t who i s s t u d y i n g t h e s o c i a l ecology o f mycologists. He w r i t e s t o e n l i s t t h e thoughts and h e l p of o t h e r MSA members on t h e f o l l o w i n g subjects: 1. ) The r e l a t i o n s h i p between t h e "amateurs" and t h e "professionals. " What i s t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p ? How t h e two groups i n t e r a c t w i t h each o t h e r ? Gary i s p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t e d i n t h i s general t o p i c and welcomes any and a1 1 comments. 2. ) The way t h a t mycologists see t h e environment. U n l i k e many n a t u r a l i s t s , w i t h whom mushroomers share much i n common, mycologists (amateur, i n p a r t i c u l a r ) go i n t o t h e f i e l d s and f o r e s t s w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n o f d i s t u r b i n g ( p i c k i n g ) t h e i r s u b j e c t matter. How i s t h i s pers p e c t i ve reconci 1ed w i t h t h e s i n c e r e 1ove of nature t h a t these i n d i v i d u a l s have? 3.) The s o c i a l s i d e o f mycology and mushrooming. Do you know o f any w r i t i n g s on t h i s subject? L o r e l e i L. N o r v e l l i s compiling a Master Index o f Higher Fungi and Myxomycetes i n t h e P a c i f i c Northwest. Anyone having we1 1-documented geographical d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f species i n B r i t i s h Columbia, Idaho, Oregon, o r Washington, please n o t i f y her. (The 1i s t encompasses Agaricales, Non-Gi 1l e d Basidiomycetes , Ascomycetes--wi t h f r u i t i n g bodies v i s i b l e t o t h e naked eye--and Myxomycetes. ) Any pub1i c a t i o n s c o n t a i n i n g p e r t i n e n t i n f o r m a t i o n would be we1 come. Jack Rogers' home r a t h e r than o f f i c e phone number was i n c l u d e d i n t h e new 1984 MSA D i r e c t o r y . Jack w r i t e s " . .my w i f e has been p u t i n t h e r o l e o f r e c e p t i o n i s t and general counselor t o those p a r t i e s seeking me. She i s p a t i e n t , b u t I have detected a b i t o f s u r l i ness l a t e l y when t h e phone m a t t e r comes up." For c o r r e c t i o n , h i s o f f i c e telephone number i s : 509/335-3732.

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EMERITUS NOTE Malcom A. McKenzie r e p o r t s t h a t he i s " s t i 11 heal t h y a t age 81, a f t e r 11 years o f r e t i r e ment a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Massachusetts, Amhurst, as p r o f e s s o r emeritus and former d i r e c t o r of t h e shate t r e e l a b o r a t o r i e s . " He s t i l l serves as Secretary, New England Chapter, I n t e r n a t i o n a l Society o f A r b o r i c u l ture. BEAUTY I S I N THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER Terry M. H a m i l l informs us t h a t a SIEMENS ELMISKOP 1A transmission e l e c t r o n microscope has been i n s t a l l e d i n h i s l a b o r a t o r y . I t was donated t o SUNY-Oswego by JEOLCO who had taken i t i n t r a d e from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The instrument i s i n e x c e l l e n t c o n d i t i o n , an " o l d i e b u t goodie," and he no longer has t o d r i v e t o Syracuse t o use a TEM.

ALL IN PUN* During t h e days when Pat McInally, p r o - f o o t b a l l p l a y e r f o r t h e C i n c i n n a t i Bengals, was a high-school student, h i s b i o l o g y i n s t r u c t o r asked t h e class, "Why do toadstools grow i n c l umps ? " No one knew t h e answer, so M c I n a l l y looked up sheepishly and r e p l i e d , "Because t h e r e i s n ' t mush room." When t h e l a u g h t e r subsided, M c I n a l l y added, "Ic a n ' t h e l p it. I ' m a fun g i . " There was more l a u g h t e r from t h e class, and then M c I n a l l y completed h i s verbal h a t t r i c k . Looking a p o l o g e t i c a l l y a t t h e teacher, he said, " I ' m s o r r y . I know i t was i n spore taste."

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--Bucky A1 bers

*Reprinted w i t h t h e permission of Reader's Digest and t h e Journal Herald o f Dayton, Ohio.

63 CHANGES OF ADDRESS FOR RESPONDENCE

The f o l l o w i n g i n d i v i d u a l s have moved o r changed address s i n c e the p r i n t i n g o f the 1984 MSA D i r e c t o r y and are requesting response t o an announcement w i t h t h i s issue o f t h e MSA Newsl e t t e r . Please make these changes i n your D i r e c t o r y as they w i l l n o t appear i n f u t u r e Newsl e t t e r issues. Dr. N o r i h i d e Amano Lab. o f A p p l i e d M i c r o b i o l o g y Research Ltd., Suntory Ltd. 1-1 Wakayamadai , Shimamoto-cho Mishima-gun Osaka 618, Japan M a r t i n a S. Gilliam-Davies 13513 Penns boro C h a n t i l l y , VA 22021 Teresi t a It u r r i aga C / O Jose I t u r r i a g a Apartado 62018 Caracas - Venezuela

Richard W. Kerrigan Dept. of B i o l o g i c a l Sciences University o f California Santa Barbara, CA 931 06 (as o f Sept. 1984) Mary E. Palm Mycology Lab., Bldg. O l l A BARC- Wes t Be1t s v i 11e, MD 20705 John M. McPartland 4800 S. Lake Park #1701A Chicago, I L 60615

Jon Pol ishook Box 532, R t . #2 Bloomsbury, NJ 08804 Stephen A. Rehner Dept. o f Botany, KB-15 Univ. of Washington S e a t t l e , WA 98195 Neal A. Weber 1805 Aaron D r i v e Tal lahassee, FL 32303 Chin S. Yang Dept. o f P l a n t Pathology Cornel 1 U n i v e r s i t y I t h a c a , NY 14853

ASSOCIATIONS AND CLUBS These e n t h u s i a s t i c groups form grassroots types o f mycological o r g a n i z a t i o n s which p r o v i d e education, enjoyment, e d i f i c a t i o n , and e d i b l e s f o r many. A number of these groups a r e a f f i l i a t e d w i t h t h e MSA (see page 65); t h i s i n v o l v e s j o i n i n g t h e S o c i e t y on t h e same terms as a Personal Member, i.e., dues o f $25.00, and r e c e i p t o f MYCOLOGIA and t h e semiannual MSA NEWSLETTER. I f p u b l i c i n t e r e s t i n mycology i s a f a c t o r , t h e f u t u r e o f mycology i s b r i g h t . The January i s s u e o f t h e Mycophil e, t h e news1e t t e r o f t h e NORTH AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, 1 i s t s a t o t a l o f 64 mycological clubs and a s s o c i a t i o n s around t h e country. And, t h i s number continues t o grow y e a r l y . For t h e names and addresses o f these groups ( o r those near you), w r i t e t o Mrs. Ann Hart, NAMA Membership Secretary, 336 Lenox Ave., Oak1and, CA 9461 0 o r t o W. J Sundberg

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Several of these clubs , some w i t h organized t o x i c 0 1 ogy comni t t e e s o r study groups, have provided i d e n t i f i c a t i o n assistance, chemical t e s t i n g ( i n some cases), o t h e r knowl edge, and advice t o t h e medical community and t h e p u b l i c i n cases o f suspected mushroom poisoning. Two r e c e n t examples i n c l u d e poisonings by Amani t a pantherina (OREGON MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY, P o r t land, OR) and Amanita p h a l l o i d e s (SAN FRANCISCO MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY, San Francisco, CA; an MSA A f f i l i a t e d S o c i e t y ) . L i ke many o t h e r c l ubs , t h e MONTSHI RE MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY (see MSA News1e t t e r 34[1] :52) has i n i t i a t e d " s p e c i a l i s t s " groups t o enhance t h e i r depth o f knowl edge and understanding w i t h i n d i v i d u a l s emphasizing t h e study o f a s i n g l e genus i n t h e l o c a l f l o r a . The MYCOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF WASHINGTON (D.C.) w i l l h o s t t h e 1985 NAMA f o r a y a t Canaan V a l l e y Resort S t a t e Park, near E l k i n s , West V i r g i n i a on August 1-4. I n a d d i t i o n t o good food and niushrooms, t h e s i t e o f f e r s numerous amenities f o r t h e l e s s mycological l y i n c l i n e d (pool, t e n n i s , g o l f , horseshoes, e t c . ) [I i n t e n d t o b r i n g my skates and squeeze i n some time t o t r y t h e i r outdoor r o l l e r s k a t i n g rink.--ed.] For more information, c o n t a c t Jimmy Schreiber, MAW President, 1924 Lawrence S t . NE, Washington, DC 20018. Phone: (202) 526-5652.

Herbarium Supplies and Cardboard Specimen Boxes for Herbaria and other natural history collections

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AFFILIATED SOCIETIES The Boston Mycological Club, c/o E. H. Halliwell, 855 Commonwealth Avenue, Newton, MA 02159 Colorado Mycological Society, Joan L. Betz, S e c r e t a r y , 501 Clermont Parkway, Denver, CO 80220 The Mycological Society of San Francisco, Steve Cochrane, P r e s i d e n t , P. 0. Box 11321, San Francisco, CA 94101 The North American Mycological Association, Gary Lincoff, P r e s i d e n t , New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, N Y 10458 The Ohio Mushroom Society, 288 E. North Avenue, East P a l e s t i n e , OH 44413 S o c i e t e Mycologique de France, 36 Rue Geoffroy-Ste. H i 1a i r e , P a r i s V , France

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Date on which you wish your membership to begin: January 1,19 Signature of member endorsing your application: DUES INFORMATION (check one)

- Regular Member ...... $25.00 - Student Member.,. . $12.00

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Affiliated Soclety

Completed torm and dues are to be sent to Dr, Amv Roasman. Treasurer. Nat~onalFungus Collections. Room 313. Bldg. 011A. BARC-West. Beltsville. MD 20705. PHONE: (301) 344-3366.

In the U.K. send payment to Dr. David Minter. CMI. Ferry Lane. Kew. Richmond. Surrev. l W 9 3 A F .

WALTER J. SUNDBERG, E D I T O R MYCOLOGICAL S O C I E T Y O F AMERICA NEWSLETTER DEPARTMENT O F BOTANY SOUTHERN I L L I N O I S U N I V E R S I T Y CARBONDALE, I L L I N O I S 6 2 9 0 1 USA

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NONPROFIT ORG. U . S . POSTAGE PAID P E R M I T NO. 15