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ISBN: 9781587133145
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Editura: Cisco Press Cărţi în română
Anul publicării: 2014 Pagini: 360
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The Network Basics Course Booklet offers a way for students enrolled in a Cisco Networking Academy Network Basics course to easily read, highlight, and review on the go, wherever the Internet is not available. The text is extracted directly from the online course, with headings that have exact page correlations to the online course. An icon system directs the reader to the online course to take full advantage of the images, labs, Packet Tracer activities, and dynamic activities. The books are intended to be used with the course.
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1.3.1.5 Network Representations 20 1.3.1.6 Topology Diagrams 21
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1.3.1.7 Activity - Network Component Representations and Functions 21 Suntem deconectaţi 1.3.2 LANs and WANs 21 1.3.2.1 Types of Networks 21 1.3.2.2 Local Area Networks 22 1.3.2.3 Wide Area Networks 22 1.3.3 The Internet 22 1.3.3.1 The Internet 22 1.3.3.2 Intranet and Extranet 23 1.3.3.3 Lab - Mapping the Internet 23 1.3.4 Connecting to the Internet 24 1.3.4.1 Internet Access Technologies 24 1.3.4.2 Connecting Remote Users to the Internet 24 1.3.4.3 Connecting Businesses to the Internet 25 1.3.4.4 Packet Tracer - Network Representation 26 1.4 The Expanding Network 26 1.4.1 Network Trends 26 1.4.1.1 New Trends 26 1.4.1.2 BYOD 27 1.4.1.3 BYOD Considerations 27 1.4.1.4 Online Collaboration 28 1.4.1.5 Collaboration Considerations 28 1.4.1.6 Video Communication 29 1.4.1.7 Cloud Computing 30 1.4.1.8 Types of Clouds 30 1.4.1.9 Data Centers 31 1.4.2 Network Security 31 1.4.2.1 Security Threats 31 1.4.2.2 Security Solutions 32 1.4.2.3 Activity - Network Security Terminology 33 1.4.3 Network Architectures 33 1.4.3.1 Cisco Network Architectures 33 1.4.3.2 Cisco Borderless Network 34 1.4.3.3 Collaboration Architecture 34 1.4.3.4 Data Center Architecture 35 1.4.3.5 CCNA 35 1.4.3.6 Lab - Researching IT and Networking Job Opportunities 36 1.5 Summary 36 1.5.1.1 Class Activity - Draw Your Concept of the Internet Now 36 1.5.1.2 Summary 36 Chapter 1 Quiz 38 Chapter 1 Exam 38 Your Chapter Notes 38
Chapter 2 Configuring a Network Operating System 39 2.0 Configuring a Network Operating System 39 2.0.1.1 Introduction 39 2.0.1.2 Class Activity - It Is Just an Operating System 39 2.1 IOS Bootcamp 40 2.1.1 Cisco IOS 40 2.1.1.1 Purpose of OS 40 2.1.1.2 Location of the Cisco IOS 40 2.1.1.3 IOS Functions 41 2.1.1.4 Video Demonstration - CCO Accounts and IOS Image Exploration 41 2.1.2 Accessing a Cisco IOS Device 41 2.1.2.1 Console Access Method 41 2.1.2.2 Telnet, SSH, and AUX Access Methods 42 2.1.2.3 Terminal Emulation Programs 43 2.1.2.4 Activity — Accessing Devices 43 2.1.3 Navigating the IOS 43 2.1.3.1 Cisco IOS Modes of Operation 43 2.1.3.2 Primary Modes 44 2.1.3.3 Global Configuration Mode and Submodes 44 2.1.3.4 Navigating between IOS Modes 45 2.1.3.5 Navigating between IOS Modes, Cont. 46 2.1.3.6 Video Demonstration - Navigating the IOS 47 2.1.4 The Command Structure 47 2.1.4.1 IOS Command Structure 47 2.1.4.2 Cisco IOS Command Reference 48 2.1.4.3 Context-Sensitive Help 49 2.1.4.4 Command Syntax Check 50 2.1.4.5 Hot Keys and Shortcuts 50 2.1.4.6 IOS Examination Commands 52 2.1.4.7 The show version Command 52 2.1.4.8 Packet Tracer - Navigating the IOS 53 2.1.4.9 Lab - Establishing a Console Session with Tera Term 53 2.2 Getting Basic 53 2.2.1 Hostnames 53 2.2.1.1 Why the Switch 53 2.2.1.2 Device Names 54 2.2.1.3 Hostnames 55 2.2.1.4 Configuring Hostnames 55 2.2.2 Limiting Access to Device Configurations 56 2.2.2.1 Securing Device Access 56 2.2.2.2 Securing Privileged EXEC Access 56 2.2.2.3 Securing User EXEC Access 57 2.2.2.4 Encrypting Password Display 58 2.2.2.5 Banner Messages 58 2.2.3 Saving Configurations 59 2.2.3.1 Configuration Files 59 2.2.3.2 Capturing Text 61 2.2.3.3 Packet Tracer - Configuring Initial Switch Settings 62 2.3 Address Schemes 62 2.3.1 Ports and Addresses 62 2.3.1.1 IP Addressing of Devices 62 2.3.1.2 Interfaces and Ports 62 2.3.2 Addressing Devices 63 2.3.2.1 Configuring a Switch Virtual Interface 63 2.3.2.2 Manual IP Address Configuration for End Devices 64 2.3.2.3 Automatic IP Address Configuration for End Devices 64 2.3.2.4 IP Address Conflicts 65 2.3.2.5 Packet Tracer - Implementing Basic Connectivity 65 2.3.3 Verifying Connectivity 65 2.3.3.1 Test the Loopback Address on an End Device 65 2.3.3.2 Testing the Interface Assignment 66 2.3.3.3 Testing End-to-End Connectivity 66 2.3.3.4 Lab - Building a Simple Network 67 2.3.3.5 Lab - Configuring a Switch Management Address 67 2.4 Summary 67 2.4.1.1 Class Activity - Tutor Me 67 2.4.1.2 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge 68 2.4.1.3 Summary 68 Chapter 2 Quiz 69 Chapter 2 Exam 69 Your Chapter Notes 69
Chapter 3 Network Protocols and Communications 71 3.0 Network Protocols and Communications 71 3.0.1.1 Introduction 71 3.0.1.2 Class Activity - Designing a Communications System 71 3.1 Network Protocols and Standards 72 3.1.1 Protocols 72 3.1.1.1 Protocols: Rules that Govern Communications 72 3.1.1.2 Network Protocols 72 3.1.1.3 Interaction of Protocols 73 3.1.2 Protocol Suites 73 3.1.2.1 Protocol Suites and Industry Standards 73 3.1.2.2 Creation of the Internet and Development of TCP/IP 74 3.1.2.3 TCP/IP Protocol Suite and Communication Process 75 3.1.2.4 Activity - Mapping the Protocols of the TCP/IP Suite 76 3.1.3 Standards Organizations 76 3.1.3.1 Open Standards 76 3.1.3.2 ISOC, IAB, and IETF 76 3.1.3.3 IEEE 77 3.1.3.4 ISO 77 3.1.3.5 Other Standards Organizations 78 3.1.3.6 Lab - Researching Networking Standards 78 3.1.3.7 Activity - Standards Body Scavenger Hunt 79 3.1.4 Reference Models 79 3.1.4.1 The Benefits of Using a Layered Model 79 3.1.4.2 The OSI Reference Model 80 3.1.4.3 The TCP/IP Protocol Model 80 3.1.4.4 Comparing the OSI Model with the TCP/IP Model 80 3.1.4.5 Activity - Identify Layers and Functions 81 3.1.4.6 Packet Tracer - Investigating the TCP/IP and OSI Models in Action 81 3.2 Using Requests for Comments 81 3.2.1 Why RFCs 81 3.2.1.1 Request for Comments (RFC) 81 3.2.1.2 History of RFCs 82 3.2.1.3 Sample RFC 82 3.2.2 RFC Processes 83 3.2.2.1 RFC Process 83 3.2.2.2 RFC Types 84 3.2.2.3 Lab - Researching RFCs 85 3.3 Moving Data in the Network 85 3.3.1 Data Encapsulation 85 3.3.1.1 Elements of Communication 85 3.3.1.2 Communicating the Messages 85 3.3.1.3 Protocol Data Units (PDUs) 86 3.3.1.4 Encapsulation 87 3.3.1.5 De-encapsulation 87 3.3.1.6 Activity - Identify the PDU Layer 87 3.3.2 Accessing Local Resources 87 3.3.2.1 Network Addresses and Data Link addresses 87 3.3.2.2 Communicating with a Device on the Same Network 88 3.3.2.3 MAC and IP Addresses 89 3.3.3 Accessing Remote Resources 89 3.3.3.1 Default Gateway 89 3.3.3.2 Communicating with a Device on a Remote Network 90 3.3.3.3 Packet Tracer - Explore a Network 91 3.3.3.4 Lab - Using Wireshark to View Network Traffic 91 3.4 Summary 91 3.4.1.1 Class Activity - Guaranteed to Work! 91 3.4.1.2 Summary 91 Chapter 3 Quiz 93 Chapter 3 Exam 93 Your Chapter Notes 93
Chapter 4 Application Layer 95 4.0 Application Layer 95 4.0.1.1 Introduction 95 4.0.1.2 Class Activity - Application Investigation 95 4.1 Application Layer Protocols 96 4.1.1 Application, Session and Presentation 96 4.1.1.1 OSI and TCP/IP Models Revisited 96 4.1.1.2 Application Layer 96 4.1.1.3 Presentation and Session Layers 97 4.1.1.4 TCP/IP Application Layer Protocols 97 4.1.1.5 Services at the Application Layer 98 4.1.1.6 Services at the Application Layer (Continued) 98 4.1.1.7 Applications Interface with People and Other Applications 99 4.1.1.8 Activity — Application Protocols and Standards 99 4.1.2 How Application Protocols Interact with End-User Applications 99 4.1.2.1 Peer-to-Peer Networks 99 4.1.2.2 Peer-to-Peer Applications 100 4.1.2.3 Common P2P Applications 100 4.1.2.4 Lab - Researching Peer-to-Peer File Sharing 101 4.1.2.5 Client-Server Model 101 4.2 Well-Known Application Layer Protocols and Services 101 4.2.1 Everyday Application Layer Protocols 101 4.2.1.1 Application Layer Protocols Revisited 101 4.2.1.2 Hypertext Transfer Protocol and Hypertext Markup Language 102 4.2.1.3 HTTP and HTTPS 102 4.2.1.4 SMTP and POP 103 4.2.1.5 SMTP and POP (cont.) 103 4.2.1.6 SMTP and POP (cont.) 104 4.2.1.7 SMTP and POP (cont.) 104 4.2.1.8 Packet Tracer - Web and Email 104 4.2.2 Providing IP Addressing Services 105 4.2.2.1 Domain Name Service 105 4.2.2.2 DNS Message Format 105 4.2.2.3 DNS Hierarchy 106 4.2.2.4 nslookup 107 4.2.2.5 Syntax Checker - DNS CLI Commands in Windows and UNIX 107 4.2.2.6 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 107 4.2.2.7 DHCP Operation 108 4.2.2.8 Packet Tracer - DNS and DHCP 109 4.2.2.9 Lab - Observing DNS Resolution 109 4.2.3 Providing File Sharing Services 109 4.2.3.1 File Transfer Protocol 109 4.2.3.2 Packet Tracer - FTP 110 4.2.3.3 Lab - Exploring FTP 110 4.2.3.4 Server Message Block 110 4.3 Summary 111 4.3.1.1 Class Activity - Make it happen! 111 4.3.1.2 Packet Tracer Multiuser - Tutorial 111 4.3.1.3 Packet Tracer Multiuser - Implement Services 112 4.3.1.4 Summary 112 Chapter 4 Quiz 113 Chapter 4 Exam 113 Your Chapter Notes 113 Chapter 5 Transport Layer 115
5.0 Transport Layer 115 5.0.1.1 Introduction 115 5.0.1.2 Class Activity - We Need to Talk - Game 115 5.1 Transport Layer Protocols 116 5.1.1 Transportation of Data 116 5.1.1.1 Role of the Transport Layer 116 5.1.1.2 Role of the Transport Layer (Cont.) 116 5.1.1.3 Conversation Multiplexing 117 5.1.1.4 Transport Layer Reliability 117 5.1.1.5 TCP 118 5.1.1.6 UDP 118 5.1.1.7 The Right Transport Layer Protocol for the Right Application 119 5.1.1.8 Activity - TCP, UDP or Both 120 5.1.2 Introducing TCP and UDP 120 5.1.2.1 Introducing TCP 120 5.1.2.2 Role of TCP 121 5.1.2.3 Introducing UDP 121 5.1.2.4 Role of UDP 122 5.1.2.5 Separating Multiple Communications 122 5.1.2.6 TCP and UDP Port Addressing 123 5.1.2.7 TCP and UDP Port Addressing (Cont.) 123 5.1.2.8 TCP and UDP Port Addressing (Cont.) 124 5.1.2.9 TCP and UDP Port Addressing (Cont.) 125 5.1.2.10 TCP and UDP Segmentation 125 5.1.2.11 Activity - Compare TCP and UDP Characteristics 126 5.2 TCP and UDP 126 5.2.1 TCP Communication 126 5.2.1.1 TCP Reliable Delivery 126 5.2.1.2 TCP Server Processes 126 5.2.1.3 TCP Connection Establishment 127 5.2.1.4 TCP Three-way Handshake Analysis - Step 1 128 5.2.1.5 TCP Three-way Handshake Analysis - Step 2 128 5.2.1.6 TCP Three-way Handshake Analysis - Step 3 129 5.2.1.7 TCP Session Termination Analysis 129 5.2.1.8 Lab - Using Wireshark to Observe the TCP 3-Way Handshake 130 5.2.1.9 Activity - TCP Connection and Termination Process 130 5.2.2 Protocol Data Units 130 5.2.2.1 TCP Reliability — Ordered Delivery 130 5.2.2.2 TCP Reliability - Acknowledgement and Window Size 130 5.2.2.3 TCP Reliability - Data Loss and Retransmission 131 5.2.2.4 TCP Flow Control - Window Size and Acknowledgements 132 5.2.2.5 TCP Flow Control - Congestion Avoidance 132 5.2.3 UDP Communication 133 5.2.3.1 UDP Low Overhead versus Reliability 133 5.2.3.2 UDP Datagram Reassembly 134 5.2.3.3 UDP Server Processes and Requests 134 5.2.3.4 UDP Client Processes 134 5.2.3.5 Lab - Using Wireshark to Examine a UDP DNS Capture 134 5.2.4 TCP or UDP, that is the Question 135 5.2.4.1 Applications that use TCP 135 5.2.4.2 Applications that use UDP 135 5.2.4.3 Lab - Using Wireshark to Examine FTP and TFTP Captures 136 5.3 Summary 136 5.3.1.1 Class Activity - We Need to Talk, Again - Game 136 5.3.1.2 Packet Tracer Simulation - TCP and UDP Communications 137 5.3.1.3 Summary 137 Chapter 5 Quiz 138 Chapter 5 Exam 138 Your Chapter Notes 138
Chapter 6 Network Layer 139 6.0 Network Layer 139 6.0.1.1 Introduction 139 6.0.1.2 Class Activity - The road less traveled...or is it? 139 6.1 Network Layer Protocols 140 6.1.1 Network Layer in Communication 140 6.1.1.1 The Network Layer 140 6.1.1.2 Network Layer Protocols 141 6.1.2 Characteristics of the IP Protocol 141 6.1.2.1 Characteristics of IP 141 6.1.2.2 IP — Connectionless 141 6.1.2.3 IP — Best Effort Delivery 142 6.1.2.4 IP — Media Independent 142 6.1.2.5 Encapsulating IP 143 6.1.2.6 Activity - IP Characteristics 143 6.1.3 IPv4 Packet 143 6.1.3.1 IPv4 Packet Header 143 6.1.3.2 IPv4 Header Fields 144 6.1.3.3 Sample IPv4 Headers 145 6.1.3.4 Activity - IPv4 Header Fields 145 6.1.4 IPv6 Packet 145 6.1.4.1 Limitations of IPv4 145 6.1.4.2 Introducing IPv6 146 6.1.4.3 Encapsulating IPv6 146 6.1.4.4 IPv6 Packet Header 147 6.1.4.5 Sample IPv6 Header 148 6.1.4.6 Activity - IPv6 Header Fields 148 6.2 Routing 148 6.2.1 Host Routing Tables 148 6.2.1.1 Host Packet Forwarding Decision 148 6.2.1.2 IPv4 Host Routing Table 149 6.2.1.3 IPv4 Host Routing Entries 150 6.2.1.4 Sample IPv4 Host Routing Table 151 6.2.1.5 Sample IPv6 Host Routing Table 151 6.2.1.6 Activity - Identify Elements of a Host Routing Table Entry 152 6.2.2 Router Routing Tables 152 6.2.2.1 Router Packet Forwarding Decision 152 6.2.2.2 IPv4 Router Routing Table 152 6.2.2.3 Directly Connected Routing Table Entries 153 6.2.2.4 Remote Network Routing Table Entries 154 6.2.2.5 Next-Hop Address 154 6.2.2.6 Sample Router IPv4 Routing Table 155 6.2.2.7 Activity - Identify Elements of a Router Routing Table Entry 156 6.2.2.8 Lab - View Host Routing Tables 156 6.3 Routers 156 6.3.1 Anatomy of a Router 156 6.3.1.1 A Router is a Computer 156 6.3.1.2 Router CPU and OS 157 6.3.1.3 Router Memory 157 6.3.1.4 Inside a Router 158 6.3.1.5 Router Backplane 159 6.3.1.6 Connecting to a Router 159 6.3.1.7 LAN and WAN Interfaces 160 6.3.1.8 Activity - Identify Router Components 160 6.3.1.9 Lab - Exploring Router Physical Characteristics 160 6.3.1.10 Packet Tracer - Exploring Internetworking Devices 161 6.3.2 Router Boot-up 161 6.3.2.1 Cisco IOS 161 6.3.2.2 Bootset Files 161 6.3.2.3 Router Bootup Process 162 6.3.2.4 Show Version Output 163 6.3.2.5 Video Demonstration - The Router Boot Process 163 6.3.2.6 Activity - The Router Boot Process 163 6.4 Configuring a Cisco Router 163 6.4.1 Configure Initial Settings 163 6.4.1.1 Router Configuration Steps 163 6.4.1.2 Packet Tracer - Configure Initial Router Settings 164 6.4.2 Configure Interfaces 164 6.4.2.1 Configure LAN Interfaces 164 6.4.2.2 Verify Interface Configuration 165 6.4.3 Configuring the Default Gateway 166 6.4.3.1 Default Gateway on a Host 166 6.4.3.2 Default Gateway on a Switch 166 6.4.3.3 Packet Tracer - Connect a Router to a LAN 167 6.4.3.4 Packet Tracer - Troubleshooting Default Gateway Issues 167 6.4.3.5 Lab - Initializing and Reloading a Router and Switch 167 6.5 Summary 168 6.5.1.1 Class Activity - Can you read this map? 168 6.5.1.2 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge 168 6.5.1.3 Summary 168 Chapter 6 Quiz 170 Chapter 6 Exam 170 Your Chapter Notes 170
Chapter 7 IP Addressing 171 7.0 IP Addressing 171 7.0.1.1 Introduction 171 7.0.1.2 Class Activity —The Internet of Everything (IoE) 171 7.1 IPv4 Network Addresses 172 7.1.1 IPv4 Address Structure 172 7.1.1.1 Binary Notation 172 7.1.1.2 Binary Number System 173 7.1.1.3 Converting a Binary Address to Decimal 174 7.1.1.4 Activity - Binary to Decimal Conversions 174 7.1.1.5 Converting from Decimal to Binary 174 7.1.1.6 Converting from Decimal to Binary (Cont.) 175 7.1.1.7 Activity - Decimal to Binary Conversion Activity 175 7.1.1.8 Activity - Binary Game 175 7.1.2 IPv4 Subnet Mask 175 7.1.2.1 Network Portion and Host Portion of an IPv4 Address 175 7.1.2.2 Examining the Prefix Length 176 7.1.2.3 IPv4 Network, Host and Broadcast Addresses 176 7.1.2.4 First Host and Last Host Addresses 177 7.1.2.5 Bitwise AND Operation 177 7.1.2.6 Importance of ANDing 178 7.1.2.7 Lab - Using the Windows Calculator with Network Addresses 179 7.1.2.8 Lab - Converting IPv4 Addresses to Binary 179 7.1.2.9 Activity - ANDing to Determine the Network Address 179 7.1.3 IPv4 Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast 179 7.1.3.1 Assigning a Static IPv4 Address to a Host 179 7.1.3.2 Assigning a Dynamic IPv4 Address to a Host 180 7.1.3.3 Unicast Transmission 180 7.1.3.4 Broadcast Transmission 181 7.1.3.5 Multicast Transmission 182 7.1.3.6 Activity - Unicast, Broadcast, or Multicast 183 7.1.3.7 Activity - Calculate the Network, Broadcast and Host Addresses 183 7.1.3.8 Packet Tracer - Investigate Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast Traffic 183 7.1.4 Types of IPv4 Addresses 183 7.1.4.1 Public and Private IPv4 Addresses 183 7.1.4.2 Activity - Pass or Block IPv4 Addresses 184 7.1.4.3 Special Use IPv4 Addresses 184 7.1.4.4 Legacy Classful Addressing 185 7.1.4.5 Assignment of IP Addresses 186 7.1.4.6 Assignment of IP Addresses (Cont.) 187 7.1.4.7 Activity - Public or Private IPv4 Addresses 188 7.1.4.8 Lab - Identifying IPv4 Addresses 188 7.2 IPv6 Network Addresses 188 7.2.1 IPv4 issues 188 7.2.1.1 The Need for IPv6 188 7.2.1.2 IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence 189 7.2.1.3 Activity — IPv4 Issues and Solutions 190 7.2.2 IPv6 Addressing 190 7.2.2.1 Hexadecimal Number System 190 7.2.2.2 IPv6 Address Representation 190 7.2.2.3 Rule 1 - Omitting Leading 0s 191 7.2.2.4 Rule 2 - Omitting All 0 Segments 191 7.2.2.5 Activity - Practicing IPv6 Address Representations 192 7.2.3 Types of IPv6 Addresses 192 7.2.3.1 IPv6 Address Types 192 7.2.3.2 IPv6 Prefix Length 192 7.2.3.3 IPv6 Unicast Addresses 192 7.2.3.4 IPv6 Link-Local Unicast Addresses 194 7.2.3.5 Activity - Identify Types of IPv6 Addresses 194 7.2.4 IPv6 Unicast Addresses 194 7.2.4.1 Structure of an IPv6 Global Unicast Address 194 7.2.4.2 Static Configuration of a Global Unicast Address 195 7.2.4.3 Dynamic Configuration of a Global Unicast Address using SLAAC 196 7.2.4.4 Dynamic Configuration of a Global Unicast Address using DHCPv6 197 7.2.4.5 EUI-64 Process or Randomly Generated 198 7.2.4.6 Dynamic Link-local Addresses 199 7.2.4.7 Static Link-Local Addresses 200 7.2.4.8 Verifying IPv6 Address Configuration 200 7.2.5 IPv6 Multicast Addresses 201 7.2.5.1 Assigned IPv6 Multicast Addresses 201 7.2.5.2 Solicited-Node IPv6 Multicast Addresses 202 7.2.5.3 Packet Tracer - Configuring IPv6 Addressing 203 7.2.5.4 Lab - Identifying IPv6 Addresses 203 7.2.5.5 Lab - Configuring IPv6 Addresses on Network Devices 203 7.3 Connectivity Verification 203 7.3.1 ICMP 203 7.3.1.1 ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 Messages 203 7.3.1.2 ICMPv6 Router Solicitation and Router Advertisement Messages 205 7.3.1.3 ICMPv6 Neighbor Solicitation and Neighbor Advertisement Messages 205 7.3.2 Testing and Verification 206 7.3.2.1 Ping - Testing the Local Stack 206 7.3.2.2 Ping - Testing Connectivity to the Local LAN 206 7.3.2.3 Ping - Testing Connectivity to Remote Device 207 7.3.2.4 Traceroute - Testing the Path 207 7.3.2.5 Packet Tracer - Verifying IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing 208 7.3.2.6 Packet Tracer - Pinging and Tracing to Test the Path 208 7.3.2.7 Lab - Testing Network Connectivity with Ping and Traceroute 208 7.3.2.8 Packet Tracer - Troubleshooting IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing 208 7.4 Summary 209 7.4.1.1 Class Activity - The Internet of Everything...Naturally! 209 7.4.1.2 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge 209 7.4.1.3 Summary 209 Chapter 7 Quiz 211 Chapter 7 Exam 211 Your Chapter Notes 211
Chapter 8 Subnetting IP Networks 213 8.0 Subnetting IP Networks 213 8.0.1.1 Introduction 213 8.0.1.2 Class Activity - Call Me! 213 8.1 Subnetting an IPv4 Network 214 8.1.1 Network Segmentation 214 8.1.1.1 Reasons for Subnetting 214 8.1.1.2 Communication between Subnets 214 8.1.2 Subnetting an IPv4 Network 215 8.1.2.1 Basic Subnetting 215 8.1.2.2 Subnets in Use 216 8.1.2.3 Subnetting Formulas 216 8.1.2.4 Creating 4 Subnets 217 8.1.2.5 Creating 8 Subnets 218 8.1.2.6 Activity - Determining the Network Address - Basic 219 8.1.2.7 Activity - Calculate the Number of Hosts - Basic 219 8.1.2.8 Activity - Determining the Valid Addresses for Hosts - Basics 219 8.1.2.9 Activity - Calculate the Subnet Mask 219 8.1.2.10 Creating 100 Subnets with a /16 prefix 219 8.1.2.11 Calculating the Hosts 220 8.1.2.12 Creating 1,000 Subnets with a /8 prefix 220 8.1.2.13 Activity - Determining the Network Address - Advanced 221 8.1.2.14 Activity - Calculating the Number of Hosts - Advanced 221 8.1.2.15 Activity - Determining the Valid Addresses for Hosts - Advanced 221 8.1.3 Determining the Subnet Mask 221 8.1.3.1 Subnetting Based on Host Requirements 221 8.1.3.2 Subnetting Network-Based Requirements 222 8.1.3.3 Subnetting to Meet Network Requirements 222 8.1.3.4 Subnetting To Meet Network Requirements, Cont. 223 8.1.3.5 Activity - Determining the Number of Bits to Borrow 223 8.1.3.6 Packet Tracer - Subnetting Scenario 1 223 8.1.3.7 Packet Tracer - Subnetting Scenario 2 223 8.1.3.8 Lab - Calculating IPv4 Subnets 224 8.1.3.9 Lab - Subnetting Network Topologies 224 8.1.3.10 Lab - Researching Subnet Calculators 224 8.1.4 Benefits of Variable Length Subnet Masking 224 8.1.4.1 Traditional Subnetting Wastes Addresses 224 8.1.4.2 Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM) 225 8.1.4.3 Basic VLSM 225 8.1.4.4 VLSM in Practice 226 8.1.4.5 VLSM Chart 226 8.1.4.6 Activity - Practicing VLSM 227 8.2 Addressing Schemes 227 8.2.1 Structured Design 227 8.2.1.1 Planning to Address the Network 227 8.2.1.2 Assigning Addresses to Devices 228 8.2.1.3 Lab - Designing and Implementing a Subnetted IPv4 Addressing Scheme 229 8.2.1.4 Lab - Designing and Implementing a VLSM Addressing Scheme 230 8.2.1.5 Packet Tracer - Designing and Implementing a VLSM Addressing Scheme 230 8.3 Design Considerations for IPv6 230 8.3.1 Subnetting an IPv6 Network 230 8.3.1.1 Subnetting Using the Subnet ID 230 8.3.1.2 IPv6 Subnet Allocation 230 8.3.1.3 Subnetting into the Interface ID 231 8.3.1.4 Packet Tracer - Implementing a Subnetted IPv6 Addressing Scheme 231 8.4 Summary 231 8.4.1.1 Class Activity - Can you call me now? 231 8.4.1.2 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge 232 8.4.1.3 Summary 232 Chapter 8 Quiz 234 Chapter 8 Exam 234 Your Chapter Notes 234
Chapter 9 Network Access 235 9.0 Network Access 235 9.0.1.1 Introduction 235 9.0.1.2 Class Activity — Managing the Medium 235 9.1 Data Link Layer 236 9.1.1 Data Link Layer 236 9.1.1.1 The Data Link Layer 236 9.1.1.2 Data Link Subayers 237 9.1.1.3 Media Access Control 237 9.1.1.4 Providing Access to Media 238 9.1.2 Layer 2 Frame Structure 238 9.1.2.1 Formatting Data for Transmission 238 9.1.2.2 Creating a Frame 239 9.1.2.3 Activity - Generic Frame Fields 240 9.1.3 Layer 2 Standards 240 9.1.3.1 Data Link Layer Standards 240 9.1.3.2 Activity - Data Link Layer Standards Organizations 240 9.2 Media Access Control 240 9.2.1 Topologies 240 9.2.1.1 Controlling Access to the Media 240 9.2.1.2 Physical and Logical Topologies 241 9.2.2 WAN Topologies 241 9.2.2.1 Common Physical WAN Topologies 241 9.2.2.2 Physical Point-to-Point Topology 242 9.2.2.3 Logical Point-to-Point Topology 242 9.2.2.4 Half and Full Duplex 242 9.2.3 LAN Topologies 243 9.2.3.1 Physical LAN Topologies 243 9.2.3.2 Logical Topology for Shared Media 243 9.2.3.3 Contention-Based Access 244 9.2.3.4 Multi-Access Topology 244 9.2.3.5 Controlled Access 245 9.2.3.6 Ring Topology 245 9.2.3.7 Activity - Logical and Physical Topologies 246 9.2.4 Data Link Frame 246 9.2.4.1 The Frame 246 9.2.4.2 The Header 246 9.2.4.3 Layer 2 Address 247 9.2.4.4 The Trailer 248 9.2.4.5 LAN and WAN Frames 248 9.2.4.6 Ethernet Frame 249 9.2.4.7 PPP Frame 249 9.2.4.8 802.11 Wireless Frame 250 9.2.4.9 Activity - Frame Fields 251 9.3 Physical Layer 251 9.3.1 Purpose of the Physical Layer 251 9.3.1.1 The Physical Layer 251 9.3.1.2 Physical Layer Media 252 9.3.1.3 Physical Layer Standards 252 9.3.1.4 Lab - Identifying Network Devices and Cabling 253 9.3.2 Characteristics of the Physical Layer 253 9.3.2.1 Physical Layer Functions 253 9.3.2.2 Physical Components 253 9.3.2.3 Frame Encoding Techniques 254 9.3.2.4 Signalling Method 255 9.3.2.5 Bandwidth 255 9.3.2.6 Throughput 256 9.3.2.7 Activity - Physical Layer Terminology 257 9.4 Network Media 257 9.4.1 Copper Cabling 257 9.4.1.1 Characteristics of Copper Media 257 9.4.1.2 Copper Media 258 9.4.1.3 Unshielded-Twisted Pair Cable 258 9.4.1.4 Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) Cable 258 9.4.1.5 Coaxial Cable 259 9.4.1.6 Copper Media Safety 259 9.4.1.7 Activity - Copper Media Characteristics 260 9.4.2 UTP Cabling 260 9.4.2.1 Properties of UTP Cabling 260 9.4.2.2 UTP Cabling Standards 260 9.4.2.3 UTP Connectors 261 9.4.2.4 Types of UTP Cable 261 9.4.2.5 LAN Cabling Areas 262 9.4.2.6 Testing UTP Cables 263 9.4.2.7 Activity - Cable Pinouts 263 9.4.2.8 Lab - Building an Ethernet Crossover Cable 263 9.4.3 Fiber Optic Cabling 263 9.4.3.1 Properties of Fiber Optic Cabling 263 9.4.3.2 Fiber Media Cable Design 264 9.4.3.3 Types of Fiber Media 264 9.4.3.4 Network Fiber Connectors 265 9.4.3.5 Testing Fiber Cables 266 9.4.3.6 Fiber versus Copper 266 9.4.3.7 Activity - Fiber Optics Terminology 267 9.4.4 Wireless Media 267 9.4.4.1 Properties of Wireless Media 267 9.4.4.2 Types of Wireless Media 267 9.4.4.3 Wireless LAN 268 9.4.4.4 802.11 Wi-Fi Standards 268 9.4.4.5 Packet Tracer - Connecting a Wired and Wireless LAN 269 9.4.4.6 Lab - Viewing Wired and Wireless NIC Information 269 9.5 Summary 269 9.5.1.1 Class Activity – Linked In! 269 9.5.1.2 Summary 270 Chapter 9 Quiz 272 Chapter 9 Exam 272 Your Chapter Notes 272
Chapter 10 Ethernet 273 10.0 Ethernet 273 10.0.1.1 Introduction 273 10.0.1.2 Class Activity – Join My Social Circle! 273 10.1 Ethernet Protocol 274 10.1.1 Ethernet Operation 274 10.1.1.1 LLC and MAC Sublayers 274 10.1.1.2 MAC Sublayer 275 10.1.1.3 Media Access Control 276 10.1.1.4 MAC Address: Ethernet Identity 276 10.1.1.5 Frame Processing 277 10.1.1.6 Activity - MAC and LLC Sublayers 278 10.1.2 Ethernet Frame Attributes 278 10.1.2.1 Ethernet Encapsulation 278 10.1.2.2 Ethernet Frame Size 278 10.1.2.3 Introduction to the Ethernet Frame 279 10.1.2.4 Activity - Ethernet Frame Fields 280 10.1.3 Ethernet MAC 280 10.1.3.1 MAC Addresses and Hexadecimal 280 10.1.3.2 MAC Address Representations 280 10.1.3.3 Unicast MAC Address 281 10.1.3.4 Broadcast MAC Address 281 10.1.3.5 Multicast MAC Address 281 10.1.3.6 Lab - Viewing Network Device MAC Addresses 282 10.1.4 MAC and IP 282 10.1.4.1 MAC and IP 282 10.1.4.2 End-to-End Connectivity, MAC, and IP 282 10.1.4.3 Lab - Using Wireshark to Examine Ethernet Frames 283 10.1.4.4 Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses 283 10.2 Address Resolution Protocol 283 10.2.1 ARP 283 10.2.1.1 Introduction to ARP 283 10.2.1.2 ARP Functions 284 10.2.1.3 ARP Operation 284 10.2.1.4 ARP Role in Remote Communication 285 10.2.1.5 Removing Entries from an ARP Table 285 10.2.1.6 ARP Tables on Networking Devices 286 10.2.1.7 Packet Tracer - Examine the ARP Table 286 10.2.1.8 Lab - Observing ARP with the Windows CLI, IOS CLI, and Wireshark 286 10.2.2 ARP Issues 286 10.2.2.1 How ARP Can Create Problems 286 10.2.2.2 Mitigating ARP Problems 287 10.3 LAN Switches 287 10.3.1 Switching 287 10.3.1.1 Switch Port Fundamentals 287 10.3.1.2 Switch MAC Address Table 287 10.3.1.3 Duplex Settings 288 10.3.1.4 Auto-MDIX 289 10.3.1.5 Frame Forwarding Methods on Cisco Switches 290 10.3.1.6 Cut-Through Switching 290 10.3.1.7 Activity - Frame Forwarding Methods 291 10.3.1.8 Memory Buffering on Switches 291 10.3.1.9 Activity - Switch It! 292 10.3.1.10 Lab - Viewing the Switch MAC Address Table 292 10.3.2 Fixed or Modular 292 10.3.2.1 Fixed versus Modular Configuration 292 10.3.2.2 Fixed Configuration Cisco Switches 293 10.3.2.3 Modular Configuration Cisco Switches 295 10.3.2.4 Module Options for Cisco Switch Slots 296 10.3.3 Layer 3 Switching 297 10.3.3.1 Layer 2 versus Layer 3 Switching 297 10.3.3.2 Cisco Express Forwarding 297 10.3.3.3 Types of Layer 3 Interfaces 298 10.3.3.4 Configuring a Routed Port on a Layer 3 Switch 299 10.3.3.5 Packet Tracer - Configure Layer 3 Switches 299 10.4 Summary 299 10.4.1.1 Class Activity - MAC and Choose... 299 10.4.1.2 Summary 300 Chapter 10 Quiz 301 Chapter 10 Exam 301 Your Chapter Notes 301
Chapter 11 It’s a Network 303 11.0 It’s a Network 303 11.0.1.1 Introduction 303 11.0.1.2 Class Activity - Did You Notice...? 303 11.1 Create and Grow 303 11.1.1 Devices in a Small Network 303 11.1.1.1 Small Network Topologies 303 11.1.1.2 Device Selection for a Small Network 304 11.1.1.3 IP Addressing for a Small Network 305 11.1.1.4 Redundancy in a Small Network 306 11.1.1.5 Design Considerations for a Small Network 306 11.1.1.6 Activity - Identifying Devices in a Small Network 307 11.1.2 Protocols in a Small Network 307 11.1.2.1 Common Applications in a Small Network 307 11.1.2.2 Common Protocols in a Small Network 307 11.1.2.3 Real-Time Applications for a Small Network 308 11.1.3 Growing to Larger Networks 309 11.1.3.1 Scaling a Small Network 309 11.1.3.2 Protocol Analysis of a Small Network 309 11.1.3.3 Evolving Protocol Requirements 310 11.2 Keeping the Network Safe 311 11.2.1 Network Device Security Measures 311 11.2.1.1 Categories of Threats to Network Security 311 11.2.1.2 Physical Security 311 11.2.1.3 Types of Security Vulnerabilities 312 11.2.1.4 Activity – Security Threats and Vulnerabilities 312 11.2.2 Vulnerabilities and Network Attacks 312 11.2.2.1 Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses 312 11.2.2.2 Reconnaissance Attacks 313 11.2.2.3 Access Attacks 313 11.2.2.4 DoS Attacks 314 11.2.2.5 Activity – Types of Attack 314 11.2.2.6 Lab - Researching Network Security Threats 314 11.2.3 Mitigating Network Attacks 314 11.2.3.1 Backup, Upgrade, Update, and Patch 314 11.2.3.2 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting 315 11.2.3.3 Firewalls 316 11.2.3.4 Endpoint Security 317 11.2.4 Securing Devices 317 11.2.4.1 Introduction to Securing Devices 317 11.2.4.2 Passwords 317 11.2.4.3 Basic Security Practices 318 11.2.4.4 Enable SSH 319 11.2.4.5 Lab - Accessing Network Devices with SSH 320 11.2.4.6 Lab - Securing Network Devices 320 11.3 Basic Network Performance 320 11.3.1 Ping 320 11.3.1.1 Interpreting Ping Results 320 11.3.1.2 Extended Ping 321 11.3.1.3 Network Baseline 322 11.3.2 Tracert 323 11.3.2.1 Interpreting Tracert Messages 323 11.3.2.2 Packet Tracer - Test Connectivity with Traceroute 323 11.3.2.3 Lab - Testing Network Latency with Ping and Traceroute 324 11.3.3 Show Commands 324 11.3.3.1 Common show Commands Revisited 324 11.3.3.2 Viewing Router Settings with the show version Command 324 11.3.3.3 Viewing Switch Settings with the show version Command 325 11.3.3.4 Packet Tracer - Using show Commands 325 11.3.4 Host and IOS Commands 326 11.3.4.1 ipconfig Command Options 326 11.3.4.2 arp Command Options 326 11.3.4.3 show cdp neighbors Command Options 326 11.3.4.4 Using the show ip interface brief Command 327 11.3.4.5 Activity – Show Commands 328 11.3.4.6 Lab - Using the CLI to Gather Network Device Information.pdf 328 11.4 Managing IOS Configuration Files 328 11.4.1 Router and Switch File Systems 328 11.4.1.1 Router File Systems 328 11.4.1.2 Switch File Systems 329 11.4.2 Back up and Restore Configuration files 330 11.4.2.1 Backing up and Restoring using Text Files 330 11.4.2.2 Backing up and Restoring using TFTP 330 11.4.2.3 Using USB Ports on a Cisco Router 331 11.4.2.4 Backing up and Restoring using a USB 332 11.4.2.5 Packet Tracer - Backing up Configuration Files 332 11.4.2.6 Lab - Managing Router Configuration Files with Tera Term 332 11.4.2.7 Lab - Managing Device Configuration Files Using TFTP, Flash, and USB 332 11.4.2.8 Lab - Researching Password Recovery Procedures 333 11.5 Summary 333 11.5.1.1 Capstone Project - Design and Build a Small Business Network 333 11.5.1.2 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge 333 11.5.1.3 Summary 333 Chapter 11 Quiz 335 Chapter 11 Exam 335 Your Chapter Notes 335
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Încercaţi un browser nou cu traducere automată.Descărcaţi Google ChromeÎnchideţi Traducere Reţeaua de bază Teren de broșuri oferă o modalitate pentru studenţi înscriși într-un Networking Academy reţea Cisco curs de bază pentru a citi cu ușurinţă , evidenţiaţi , și revizuirea în mișcare , oriunde pe Internet nu este disponibilă . Textul este extras direct din curs on-line , cu titluri care au corelaţii exacte pagină la cursul on-line . Un sistem pictogramă direcţionează cititorul la cursul on-line pentru a profita din plin de imagini , laboratoare , activităţi Packet Tracer , și activităţi dinamice . Cărţile sunt destinate a fi utilizate cu cursul . Cuprins Capitolul 0 curs introductiv 1 0.0 Bine ati venit la Noţiuni de bază de reţea 1 0.0.1 Mesaj pentruStudent 1 0.0.1.1 Bine ai venit 1 0.0.1.2 o comunitate globală 1 0.0.1.3 Mai mult decât informaţii 1 0.0.1.4 Cum Invata 2 0.0.1.5 practică duce la Mastery 2 0.0.1.6 Mind larg deschisă 2 0.0.1.7 Jurnale Inginerie 2 0.0.1.8 explora lumea de Networking 2 0.0.1.9 crea lumi Your Own 2 0.0.1.10 Cum Packet Tracer ajuta Concepte Master 3 0.0.1.11 Curs Prezentare generală 3 0.1 NavigareaCurs 3 0.1.1 controlaţi activităţile pe 3 0.1.1.1 Curs GUI Tutorial 3 Capitolul dvs. Note 4
Capitolul 1 Explorarea reţea 5 1.0 Explorarea reţea 5 1.0.1.1 Introducere 5 1.0.1.2 Clasa de activitate - Egal conceptul de Internet 5 1.1 Comunicarea într -o reţea - Centric Lumea 6 1.1.1 Interconectarea vietii noastre 6 1.1.1.1 Reţele în viaţa de zi cu zi 6 1.1.1.2 Tehnologia Atunci și Acum 6 1.1.1.3Global comunitar 7 1.1.1.4 reţele de sprijinmodul în care învăţăm 7 1.1.1.5 reţele de sprijin modul în care comunicăm 8 1.1.1.6 reţele de sprijin modul în care lucrăm 9 1.1.1.7 reţele de sprijinWay We Joaca 10 1.1.1.8 Lab - Cercetarea instrumente de colaborare de reţea 10 1.1.2 Comunicarea Sprijinirea 10 1.1.2.1 Ce este comunicarea ? 10 1.1.2.2 Calitatea de comunicare 11 1.1.2.3 interne QoS Factorii 12 1.2 Reţeaua ca o platformă 12 1.2.1 convergente Networks 12 1.2.1.1 reţea de servicii tradiţionale 12 1.2.1.2 Planificarea pentru viitor 13 1.2.1.3 Lab - Cercetarea serviciilor convergente de reţea 13 1.2.2 reţea de încredere 13 1.2.2.1Sprijinirea Network Architecture 13 1.2.2.2 Fault Tolerance în Circuit Switched Networks 14 1.2.2.3 cu comutare de pachete Reţele 14 1.2.2.4 Reţele scalabile 15 1.2.2.5 Furnizarea de QoS 16 1.2.2.6 Asigurarea Network Security 17 1.2.2.7 de activitate - Reţele de incredere 18 1.3 LAN , WAN , și Internet 18 1.3.1 Componentele unei reţele 18 1.3.1.1 componente ale reţelei 18 1.3.1.2 Dispozitive End 19 1.3.1.3 Dispozitive intermediare 19 1.3.1.4 Network Media 20 1.3.1.5 Declaraţiile de reţea 20 1.3.1.6 topologie Diagramele 21 1.3.1.7 de activitate - Declaraţiile componentă de reţea și funcţii 21 1.3.2 LAN și WAN 21 1.3.2.1 tipuri de reţele 21 1.3.2.2 reţele locale 22 1.3.2.3 Reţele Wide Area 22 1.3.3Internet 22 1.3.3.1Internet 22 1.3.3.2 Intranet și Extranet 23 1.3.3.3 Lab - CartografiereaInternet 23 1.3.4 Conectarea la Internet 24 1.3.4.1 Tehnologii de acces la Internet 24 1.3.4.2 Conectarea utilizatorilor de la distanţă la Internet 24 1.3.4.3 Conectarea afaceri la Internet 25 1.3.4.4 Packet Tracer - Reprezentarea reţea 26 1.4 Reţeaua Extinderea 26 1.4.1 Tendinţe de reţea 26 1.4.1.1 Tendinţe noi 26 1.4.1.2 BYOD 27 1.4.1.3 Consideraţii BYOD 27 1.4.1.4 Colaborare online 28 1.4.1.5 Consideraţii de colaborare 28 1.4.1.6 Comunicarea video 29 1.4.1.7 Cloud Computing 30 1.4.1.8 Tipuri de nori 30 1.4.1.9 Centre de date 31 1.4.2 Network Security 31 1.4.2.1 ameninţărilor de securitate 31 1.4.2.2 solutii de securitate 32 1.4.2.3 de activitate - Network Security Terminologie 33 1.4.3 arhitecturi de reţea 33 1.4.3.1 Cisco arhitecturi de reţea 33 1.4.3.2 Cisco reţea fără margini 34 1.4.3.3 structura de colaborare 34 1.4.3.4 Data Center Arhitectura 35 1.4.3.5 CCNA 35 1.4.3.6 Lab - Cercetarea IT și oportunităţi de networking de locuri de muncă 36 1.5 Rezumat 36 1.5.1.1 Clasa de activitate - Egal conceptul de Internet Acum 36 1.5.1.2 Rezumat 36 Capitolul 1 Quiz 38 Capitolul 1 Examen 38 Capitolul dvs. Note 38
Capitolul 2 Configurarea un sistem de operare de reţea 39 2.0 Configurarea unui sistem de operare de reţea 39 2.0.1.1 Introducere 39 2.0.1.2 Clasa de activitate - este doar un sistem de operare 39 2.1 IOS Bootcamp 40 2.1.1 Cisco IOS 40 2.1.1.1 Scopul sistemului de operare 40 2.1.1.2 Locaţia a Cisco IOS 40 2.1.1.3 IOS Funcţii 41 2.1.1.4 Demonstrarea Video - Conturi CCO și IOS imagine explorare 41 2.1.2 Accesarea unui Cisco IOS dispozitiv 41 2.1.2.1 Consola Metoda de acces 41 2.1.2.2 Telnet , SSH , și AUX Access Metode 42 2.1.2.3 Programe Terminal Emulation 43 2.1.2.4 de activitate - Dispozitive Accesarea 43 2.1.3 NavigareaIOS 43 2.1.3.1 Cisco IOS Moduri de operare 43 2.1.3.2 Moduri primare 44 2.1.3.3 modul de configurare globală și submoduri 44 2.1.3.4 Navigarea între IOS Moduri de 45 2.1.3.5 Navigarea între modurile de iOS, Cont . 46 2.1.3.6 Demonstrarea Video - NavigareaIOS 47 2.1.4 Structura de comandă 47 2.1.4.1 IOS Structura de comandă 47 2.1.4.2 Cisco IOS Command Reference 48 2.1.4.3 Context - Sensitive Help 49 2.1.4.4 sintaxa comenzii Sosire 50 2.1.4.5 Taste și comenzi rapide 50 2.1.4.6 IOS Comenzile de examinare 52 2.1.4.7Arată versiune de comandă 52 2.1.4.8 Packet Tracer - NavigareaIOS 53 2.1.4.9 Lab - Stabilirea o Sesiune de consolă cu Tera Term 53 2.2 Noţiuni de bază 53 2.2.1 Nume de gazdă 53 2.2.1.1 De ce Switch 53 2.2.1.2 nume de dispozitive 54 2.2.1.3 Hostnames 55 2.2.1.4 Hostnames Configurarea 55 2.2.2 Limitarea accesului la configuraţiile de dispozitive 56 2.2.2.1 Asigurarea dispozitiv Access 56 2.2.2.2 Asigurarea Privileged EXEC Access 56 2.2.2.3 Asigurarea User EXEC Access 57 2.2.2.4 Criptarea Parola Arata 58 2.2.2.5 Mesajele Banner 58 2.2.3 Configuraţii Salvarea 59 2.2.3.1 fișiere de configurare 59 2.2.3.2 capturarea de text 61 2.2.3.3 Packet Tracer - Configurarea setărilor de switch iniţiale 62 2.3 Scheme Adresa 62 2.3.1 porturilor și adreselor 62 2.3.1.1 IP Abordarea de dispozitive 62 2.3.1.2 Interfeţe și a porturilor 62 2.3.2 Dispozitive de adresare 63 2.3.2.1 Configurarea un comutator interfaţă virtuală 63 2.3.2.2 Manual Adresa IP de configurare pentru End dispozitive 64 2.3.2.3 automată a adresei IP Configuration pentru End dispozitive 64 2.3.2.4 Conflictele Adresa IP 65 2.3.2.5 Packet Tracer - Implementarea Conectivitate de bază 65 2.3.3 Verificarea Conectivitate 65 2.3.3.1 Test deadrese de buclă locală pe un dispozitiv End 65 2.3.3.2 Testarea Cesiunea Interface 66 2.3.3.3 Testarea End - to- End Conectivitate 66 2.3.3.4 Lab - Construirea o reţea simplă 67 2.3.3.5 Lab - Configurarea unei adrese de management switch 67 2.4 Sumarul 67 2.4.1.1 Clasa de activitate - Tutor Me 67 2.4.1.2 Packet Tracer - Abilitati de integrare Challenge 68 2.4.1.3 Rezumat 68 Capitolul 2 Quiz 69 Capitolul 2 Examen 69 Capitolul dvs. Note 69
Capitolul 3 Protocoale de reţea și comunicaţii 71 3.0 protocoale de reţea și comunicaţii 71 3.0.1.1 Introducere 71 3.0.1.2 Clasa de activitate - proiectarea unui sistem de comunicaţii 71 3.1 Protocoale de reţea și standarde 72 3.1.1 Protocoale 72 3.1.1.1 Protocoale : regulile care guvernează Comunicaţii 72 3.1.1.2 Protocoale de reţea 72 3.1.1.3 Interacţiunea protocoalelor 73 3.1.2 Protocolul de la Suites 73 3.1.2.1 Protocol Suites și standardele industriale 73 3.1.2.2 Crearea și dezvoltarea internetului de TCP / IP 74 3.1.2.3 protocoalelor TCP / IP și Procesul de Comunicare 75 3.1.2.4 de activitate - Cartografierea protocoalele din suita TCP / IP 76 3.1.3 Standardele Organizaţii 76 3.1.3.1 Standarde Deschise 76 3.1.3.2 ISOC , IAB , IETF și 76 3.1.3.3 IEEE 77 3.1.3.4 ISO 77 3.1.3.5 Alte standarde Organizaţiile 78 3.1.3.6 Lab - Cercetarea standarde de reţea 78 3.1.3.7 de activitate - Standarde Corp Scavenger Hunt 79 3.1.4 Modele de referinţă 79 3.1.4.1 Beneficiile de a folosi un model Layered 79 3.1.4.2OSI Modelul de referinţă 80 3.1.4.3TCP / IP Modelul Protocolul 80 3.1.4.4 Compararea modelului OSI cu modelul IP 80TCP / 3.1.4.5 de activitate - Identificarea Layers și funcţii 81 3.1.4.6 Packet Tracer - Investigarea Modele TCP / IP si OSI în acţiune 81 3.2 Utilizarea Cererile de Comentarii 81 3.2.1 De ce RFC 81 3.2.1.1 Cererea pentru Comments ( RFC ) 81 3.2.1.2 Istoria RFC 82 3.2.1.3 Exemplu RFC 82 3.2.2 Procese RFC 83 3.2.2.1 Procesul de RFC 83 3.2.2.2 RFC Tipurile 84 3.2.2.3 Lab - Cercetarea RFC 85 3.3 Datele se deplasează în reţea 85 3.3.1 de date încapsulare 85 3.3.1.1 Elemente de comunicare 85 3.3.1.2 comunica mesajele 85 3.3.1.3 unităţi de date Protocol ( PDU ) 86 3.3.1.4 încapsulare 87 3.3.1.5 De - încapsulare 87 3.3.1.6 de activitate - IdentificareaLayer PDU 87 3.3.2 accesarea resurselor locale 87 3.3.2.1 adresele de reţea și de date Link abordează 87 3.3.2.2 Comunicarea cu un dispozitiv pe aceeași reţea 88 3.3.2.3 adresele MAC si IP 89 3.3.3 Accesarea resursele de la distanţă 89 3.3.3.1 Gateway implicit 89 3.3.3.2 Comunicarea cu un dispozitiv pe o reţea de la distanţă 90 3.3.3.3 Packet Tracer - Exploreaza-o reţea 91 3.3.3.4 Lab - Folosirea Wireshark pentru a vizualiza traficul în reţea 91 3.4 Rezumat 91 3.4.1.1 Clasa de activitate - tarife de la locul de muncă ! 91 3.4.1.2 Rezumat 91 Capitolul 3 Quiz 93 Capitolul 3 Examen 93 Capitolul dvs. Note 93
Capitolul 4 Nivelul aplicatie 95 4.0 Nivelul aplicatie 95 4.0.1.1 Introducere 95 4.0.1.2 Clasa de activitate - Investigarea de aplicare 95 4.1 cerere de protocoale de nivel 96 4.1.1 de aplicare , Sesiunea de prezentare și 96 4.1.1.1 OSI și TCP / IP Modele Revisited 96 4.1.1.2 Nivelul aplicatie 96 4.1.1.3 Prezentare și straturi Sesiunea 97 4.1.1.4 IP Application protocoalele de la nivelul 97 TCP / 4.1.1.5 Serviciile de la nivelul de aplicaţie 98 4.1.1.6 Serviciile de la stratul de aplicaţie ( Continuare) 98 4.1.1.7 Aplicaţii Interfaţa cu Oamenii și alte aplicaţii 99 4.1.1.8 de activitate - Protocoale de aplicare și standarde 99 4.1.2 Cum protocoale de aplicare interacţiona cu aplicaţii utilizatorului final 99 4.1.2.1 Reţele Peer - to-Peer 99 4.1.2.2 Aplicaţii Peer - to-Peer 100 4.1.2.3 Aplicaţii comun p2p 100 4.1.2.4 Lab - Cercetarea fișier Peer - to- Peer Partajarea 101 4.1.2.5 client-server model 101 4.2 Ei bine -cunoscut Protocoale de strat de aplicaţie și servicii 101 4.2.1 de zi cu zi de aplicare Layer Protocoale 101 4.2.1.1 Aplicarea Layer Protocoale Revisited 101 4.2.1.2 Hypertext Transfer Protocol și Hypertext Markup Language 102 4.2.1.3 HTTP și HTTPS 102 4.2.1.4 SMTP si POP 103 4.2.1.5 SMTP si POP (continuare ) 103 4.2.1.6 SMTP si POP (continuare ) 104 4.2.1.7 SMTP si POP (continuare ) 104 4.2.1.8 Packet Tracer - web și e-mail 104 4.2.2 Furnizarea de IP Abordarea Servicii 105 4.2.2.1 Domain Name serviciu 105 4.2.2.2 DNS Formatul mesajului 105 4.2.2.3 DNS Ierarhia 106 4.2.2.4 nslookup 107 4.2.2.5 Sintaxa Verificator - DNS CLI Comenzi în Windows și UNIX 107 4.2.2.6 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 107 4.2.2.7 DHCP de operare 108 4.2.2.8 Packet Tracer - DNS și DHCP 109 4.2.2.9 Lab - Rezoluţie DNS Observarea 109 4.2.3 Furnizarea Sharing File Services 109 4.2.3.1 File Transfer Protocol 109 4.2.3.2 Packet Tracer - FTP 110 4.2.3.3 Lab - Explorarea FTP 110 4.2.3.4 Server Message Block 110 4.3 Rezumat 111 4.3.1.1 Clasa de activitate - Make it happen ! 111 4.3.1.2 Packet Tracer Multiuser - Tutorial 111 4.3.1.3 Packet Tracer Multiuser - Servicii de punerea în aplicare a 112 4.3.1.4 Rezumatul 112 Capitolul 4 Quiz 113 Capitolul 4 Examen 113 Capitolul dvs. Note 113 Capitolul 5 Transport Layer 115
5.0 Transport Layer 115 5.0.1.1 Introducere 115 5.0.1.2 Clasa de activitate - Trebuie să vorbim - Jocuri 115 5.1 Transport Layer Protocoale 116 5.1.1 Transportul de date 116 5.1.1.1 Rolul Transport Layer 116 5.1.1.2 Rolul Transport Layer (continuare) 116 5.1.1.3 Conversaţie 117 Multiplexing 5.1.1.4 Transport Layer Fiabilitate 117 5.1.1.5 TCP 118 5.1.1.6 UDP 118 5.1.1.7 Dreptul Protocolul Transport Layer de aplicare dreptul de 119 5.1.1.8 de activitate - TCP , UDP sau ambele 120 5.1.2 Introducerea TCP și UDP 120 5.1.2.1 Introducerea TCP 120 5.1.2.2 Rolul TCP 121 5.1.2.3 Introducerea UDP 121 5.1.2.4 Rolul UDP 122 5.1.2.5 Separarea Comunicaţii multiple 122 5.1.2.6 TCP și UDP Port Abordarea 123 5.1.2.7 portul TCP sau UDP Abordarea (continuare) 123 5.1.2.8 portul TCP sau UDP Abordarea (continuare) 124 5.1.2.9 portul TCP sau UDP Abordarea (continuare) 125 5.1.2.10 TCP și UDP Segmentarea 125 5.1.2.11 de activitate - Comparaţi UDP Caracteristici 126 TCP și 5.2 TCP și UDP 126 5.2.1 TCP comunicare 126 5.2.1.1 TCP incredere de livrare 126 5.2.1.2 TCP Server Procese 126 5.2.1.3 TCP conexiune Înfiinţarea 127 5.2.1.4 TCP cu trei căi Analiza Handshake - Pasul 1 128 5.2.1.5 TCP cu trei căi Analiza Handshake - Pasul 2 128 5.2.1.6 TCP cu trei căi Analiza Handshake - Pasul 3 129 5.2.1.7 TCP Sesiunea Încetarea Analiza 129 5.2.1.8 Lab - Folosirea Wireshark pentru a respecta strângere de mână 3 - Way 130TCP 5.2.1.9 de activitate - Conexiune TCP și Terminarea proceselor 130 5.2.2 Protocolul de unitati de date 130 5.2.2.1 TCP Fiabilitate - Livrare comandat 130 5.2.2.2 Fiabilitate TCP - Recunoașterea și Window Size 130 5.2.2.3 Fiabilitate TCP - Pierderea de date și retransmisie 131 5.2.2.4 Controlul fluxului TCP - Window Size și Mulţumiri 132 5.2.2.5 Controlul fluxului TCP - evitare a congestiei 132 5.2.3 UDP de comunicare 133 5.2.3.1 UDP aeriene low versus Fiabilitate 133 5.2.3.2 datagrama UDP reasamblarea 134 5.2.3.3 Procese Server UDP și Cereri 134 5.2.3.4 UDP client Procese 134 5.2.3.5 Lab - Folosirea Wireshark pentru a examina un UDP DNS Captură 134 5.2.4 TCP sau UDP , aceasta este întrebarea 135 5.2.4.1 Aplicaţii care folosesc TCP 135 5.2.4.2 Aplicaţii care folosesc UDP 135 5.2.4.3 Lab - Folosirea Wireshark pentru a examina FTP și TFTP Capturează 136 5.3 Rezumat 136 5.3.1.1 Clasa de activitate - Trebuie să vorbim , din nou - Jocuri 136 5.3.1.2 Packet Tracer Simulare - TCP și UDP comunicaţii 137 5.3.1.3 Rezumatul 137 Capitolul 5 Quiz 138 Capitolul 5 Examen 138 Capitolul dvs. Note 138
Capitolul 6 stratului de reţea 139 6,0 stratului de reţea 139 6.0.1.1 Introducere 139 6.0.1.2 Clasa de activitate - Drumul mai puţin călătorit ... sau este ? 139 6.1 Reţeaua Layer Protocoale 140 6.1.1 Nivelul retea in comunicare 140 6.1.1.1 stratul de reţea 140 6.1.1.2 reţea protocoale de nivel 141 6.1.2 Caracteristicile de protocolul IP 141 6.1.2.1 Caracteristicile de IP 141 6.1.2.2 IP - fără conexiune 141 6.1.2.3 IP - Best Effort 142 de livrare 6.1.2.4 IP - Media Independent 142 6.1.2.5 încapsulare IP 143 6.1.2.6 de activitate - IP Caracteristici 143 6.1.3 IPv4 Packet 143 6.1.3.1 IPv4 pachete Antet 143 6.1.3.2 IPv4 câmpuri de antete 144 6.1.3.3 Exemplu IPv4 Anteturi 145 6.1.3.4 de activitate - IPv4 câmpuri de antete 145 6.1.4 IPv6 pachete 145 6.1.4.1 Limitările IPv4 145 6.1.4.2 Introducerea IPv6 146 6.1.4.3 încapsulare IPv6 146 6.1.4.4 IPv6 pachete Antet 147 6.1.4.5 Exemplu IPv6 antet 148 6.1.4.6 de activitate - Fields antetul IPv6 148 6.2 Routing 148 6.2.1 gazdă de rutare 148 6.2.1.1 gazdă Packet Decizia Forwarding 148 6.2.1.2 IPv4 Host Routing Table 149 6.2.1.3 IPv4 gazdă intrările de rutare 150 6.2.1.4 Exemplu IPv4 Host Routing Table 151 6.2.1.5 Exemplu gazdă IPv6 Routing Table 151 6.2.1.6 de activitate - identifica elementele de gazdă Tabela de rutare de intrare 152 6.2.2 Router tabelele de rutare 152 6.2.2.1 Router Packet Decizia Forwarding 152 6.2.2.2 IPv4 router de rutare de masă 152 6.2.2.3 legătură directă de rutare de masă intrările 153 6.2.2.4 de la distanţă reţea de rutare de masă intrările 154 6.2.2.5 Următoarea - Hop Adresa 154 6.2.2.6 Exemplu de router de rutare IPv4 Tabelul 155 6.2.2.7 de activitate - identifice elementele de un router de rutare de intrare Tabelul 156 6.2.2.8 Lab - Vezi gazdă de rutare 156 6.3 Routere 156 6.3.1 Anatomia unui router 156 6.3.1.1 Un router este un computer 156 6.3.1.2 Router CPU și sistemul de operare 157 6.3.1.3 Router-ul de memorie 157 6.3.1.4 interiorul unui router 158 6.3.1.5 Router Backplane 159 6.3.1.6 Conectarea la un router 159 6.3.1.7 LAN și WAN Interfeţe 160 6.3.1.8 de activitate - Identificarea Router Componente 160 6.3.1.9 Lab - Explorarea Router Caracteristici fizice 160 6.3.1.10 Packet Tracer - Explorarea Internetworking Dispozitive 161 6.3.2 Router Boot - up 161 6.3.2.1 Cisco IOS 161 6.3.2.2 Bootset fișiere 161 6.3.2.3 Router Bootup Procesul de 162 6.3.2.4 Arată versiunea de ieșire 163 6.3.2.5 Demonstrarea Video - procesul de boot Router 163 6.3.2.6 de activitate - procesul de boot Router 163 6.4 Configurarea unui ruter Cisco 163 6.4.1 Configurarea setărilor iniţiale 163 6.4.1.1 configurare router Pașii 163 6.4.1.2 Packet Tracer - Configuraţi setările de router iniţiale 164 6.4.2 Interfeţe Configurare 164 6.4.2.1 Configurarea LAN Interfeţe 164 6.4.2.2 Verificaţi configurarea interfeţei 165 6.4.3 Configurarea Gateway implicit 166 6.4.3.1 Default Gateway pe o gazdă 166 6.4.3.2 Default Gateway pe un comutator 166 6.4.3.3 Packet Tracer - Conectaţi un router la o reţea LAN 167 6.4.3.4 Packet Tracer - depanarea problemelor legate de gateway implicit 167 6.4.3.5 Lab - Iniţializarea și reîncărcare un router și switch 167 6.5 Rezumat 168 6.5.1.1 Clasa de activitate - Poţi să citești această hartă ? 168 6.5.1.2 Packet Tracer - Abilitati de integrare Challenge 168 6.5.1.3 Rezumatul 168 Capitolul 6 Quiz 170 Capitolul 6 Examen 170 Capitolul dvs. Note 170
Capitolul 7 adresarea IP 171 7.0 Adresare IP 171 7.0.1.1 Introducere 171 7.0.1.2 Clasa de activitate ,Internet de tot ( IOE ) 171 7.1 IPv4 adrese de reţea 172 7.1.1 IPv4 Adresa Structura 172 7.1.1.1 notaţia binară 172 7.1.1.2 Numarul sistem binar 173 7.1.1.3 Conversia o adresă binar în zecimal 174 7.1.1.4 Activitatea - binar în zecimal Conversii 174 7.1.1.5 Conversia din zecimal în binar 174 7.1.1.6 Conversia din zecimal în binar (continuare) 175 7.1.1.7 Activitatea - Zecimal la activitatea de conversie binar 175 7.1.1.8 de activitate - Joc Binary 175 7.1.2 IPv4 Masca de subreţea 175 7.1.2.1 Reţeaua portii și gazdă portiune a unei adrese IPv4 175 7.1.2.2 Examinarea lungimea prefixului 176 7.1.2.3 IPv4 reţea , gazdă și Broadcast Adrese 176 7.1.2.4 Prima gazdă și ultima gazdă Adrese 177 7.1.2.5 la nivel de bit și funcţionare 177 7.1.2.6 Importanţa ANDing 178 7.1.2.7 Lab - Utilizarea Calculator pentru Windows cu adrese de reţea 179 7.1.2.8 Lab - Conversia adrese IPv4 la Binary 179 7.1.2.9 Activitatea - ANDing pentru a determina adresa de reţea 179 7.1.3 IPv4 unicast , difuzare , și Multicast 179 7.1.3.1 Alocarea unui Static IPv4 Adresa la o gazdă 179 7.1.3.2 Alocarea unui dinamic IPv4 Adresa la o gazdă 180 7.1.3.3 Unicast Transmisie 180 7.1.3.4 de transmisie de 181 7.1.3.5 Multicast Transmisie 182 7.1.3.6 de activitate - unicast , Broadcast , sau multicast 183 7.1.3.7 de activitate - se calculează reţea , difuzare și gazdă Adrese 183 7.1.3.8 Packet Tracer - Investigarea unicast , difuzare , și de trafic multicast 183 7.1.4 Tipuri de adrese IPv4 183 7.1.4.1 publice și private adrese IPv4 183 7.1.4.2 de activitate - Pass sau bloca adrese IPv4 184 7.1.4.3 utilizare specială adrese IPv4 184 7.1.4.4 Legacy Classful Adresându- 185 7.1.4.5 alocarea adreselor IP 186 7.1.4.6 alocarea adreselor IP (continuare) 187 7.1.4.7 Activitatea - publice sau private adrese IPv4 188 7.1.4.8 Lab - Identificarea adrese IPv4 188 7.2 IPv6 adrese de reţea 188 7.2.1 IPv4 probleme 188 7.2.1.1 Nevoia pentru IPv6 188 7.2.1.2 Coexistenţa IPv4 și IPv6 189 7.2.1.3 de activitate - IPv4 Probleme și soluţii 190 7.2.2 IPv6 190 7.2.2.1 Sistemul număr hexazecimal 190 7.2.2.2 IPv6 Reprezentarea Adresa 190 7.2.2.3 Regula 1 - Omiterea Leading 191 0s 7.2.2.4 Regula 2 - Omiterea Toate 0 Segmente 191 7.2.2.5 de activitate - Practicarea Declaraţiile adresă IPv6 192 7.2.3 Tipuri de adrese IPv6 192 7.2.3.1 Tipuri de adrese IPv6 192 7.2.3.2 IPv6 Lungime prefix 192 7.2.3.3 IPv6 unicast Adresele 192 7.2.3.4 IPv6 unicast Adresele Link-Local 194 7.2.3.5 de activitate - Identificarea Tipuri de adrese IPv6 194 7.2.4 IPv6 unicast Adresele 194 7.2.4.1 Structura unui IPv6 globală de adrese unicast 194 7.2.4.2 Configurarea statică a unei globală de adrese unicast 195 7.2.4.3 dinamici de configurare a unei adrese unicast global folosind SLAAC 196 7.2.4.4 dinamici de configurare a unei adrese unicast global prin DHCPv6 197 7.2.4.5 IUE - 64 Procesul sau aleatoriu generat 198 7.2.4.6 dinamice Adresele Link-Local 199 7.2.4.7 statice adrese link-local 200 7.2.4.8 Verificarea IPv6 configurare Adresa 200 7.2.5 IPv6 multicast Adrese 201 7.2.5.1 alocate IPv6 multicast Adrese 201 7.2.5.2 Solicitat - nod IPv6 multicast Adrese 202 7.2.5.3 Packet Tracer - Configurarea IPv6 203 7.2.5.4 Lab - Identificarea adrese IPv6 203 7.2.5.5 Lab - Configurarea adrese IPv6 pe dispozitive de reţea 203 7.3 Verificarea Conectivitate 203 7.3.1 ICMP 203 7.3.1.1 ICMPv4 și ICMPv6 Mesaje 203 7.3.1.2 ICMPv6 Solicitarea router și router Publicitate mesaje 205 7.3.1.3 ICMPv6 Solicitarea vecin și pe aproapele Publicitate mesaje 205 7.3.2 testare și verificare 206 7.3.2.1 Ping - Testarea stiva Local 206 7.3.2.2 Ping - Testare conectivitate la nivel local LAN 206 7.3.2.3 Ping - testare de conectare la distanţă dispozitiv 207 7.3.2.4 Traceroute - Testarea Calea 207 7.3.2.5 Packet Tracer - Verificarea IPv4 și IPv6 208 7.3.2.6 Packet Tracer - Pinging și urmărire a testa Calea 208 7.3.2.7 Lab - Testarea Conectivitate reţea cu Ping și Traceroute 208 7.3.2.8 Packet Tracer - depanare IPv4 și IPv6 208 7.4 Rezumat 209 7.4.1.1 Clasa de activitate -Internet de tot ... Firește ! 209 7.4.1.2 Packet Tracer - Abilitati de integrare Challenge 209 7.4.1.3 Rezumatul 209 Capitolul 7 Quiz 211 Capitolul 7 Examen 211 Capitolul dvs. Note 211
Capitolul 8 Subnetting reţele IP 213 8,0 subnetting reţelele IP 213 8.0.1.1 Introducere 213 8.0.1.2 Clasa de activitate - Sunaţi-ne! 213 8.1 subnetting o reţea 214 IPv4 8.1.1 Segmentarea reţea 214 8.1.1.1 Motivele pentru Subnetting 214 8.1.1.2 Comunicarea între subreţele 214 8.1.2 Subnetting o reţea 215 IPv4 8.1.2.1 de bază Subnetting 215 8.1.2.2 subreţele în Uz 216 8.1.2.3 Formule subnetting 216 8.1.2.4 Crearea 4 subreţele 217 8.1.2.5 Crearea 8 subreţele 218 8.1.2.6 de activitate - Stabilirea adresei de reţea - 219 Basic 8.1.2.7 de activitate - Se calculează numărul de gazde - 219 Basic 8.1.2.8 de activitate - Determinarea adrese valide de gazde - Noţiuni de bază 219 8.1.2.9 de activitate - Calculaţi Mask 219 de subreţea 8.1.2.10 Crearea 100 Subreţele cu un / 16 prefix 219 8.1.2.11 Calcularea Gazdele 220 8.1.2.12 Crearea de 1.000 de subreţele cu un / 8 prefix 220 8.1.2.13 de activitate - Stabilirea adresei de reţea - Avansat 221 8.1.2.14 de activitate - calcularea numărului de gazde - Avansat 221 8.1.2.15 de activitate - Determinarea adrese valide de gazde - Avansat 221 8.1.3 Determinarea Masca de subreţea 221 8.1.3.1 subreţele bazate pe cerinţele gazdă 221 8.1.3.2 subnetting Cerinţele bazate pe reţea 222 8.1.3.3 Subnetting pentru a satisface cerinţele de reţea 222 8.1.3.4 Subnetting Pentru a îndeplini cerinţele de reţea , Cont . 223 8.1.3.5 de activitate - Determinarea numărul de biţi de împrumut 223 8.1.3.6 Packet Tracer - subnetting Scenariul 1 223 8.1.3.7 Packet Tracer - subnetting Scenariul 2 223 8.1.3.8 Lab - Calcularea IPv4 subreţele 224 8.1.3.9 Lab - Subnetting topologii de reţea 224 8.1.3.10 Lab - Cercetarea Calculatoare subreţea 224 8.1.4 Beneficiile de lungime variabilă de subreţea de mascare 224 8.1.4.1 Deșeuri tradiţionale subnetting Adresele de 224 8.1.4.2 variabile Masca Subnet Lungime ( VLSM ) 225 8.1.4.3 VLSM de bază 225 8.1.4.4 VLSM în practică 226 8.1.4.5 VLSM Chart 226 8.1.4.6 de activitate - Practicarea VLSM 227 8.2 Scheme de adresare 227 8.2.1 structurat Proiectare 227 8.2.1.1 Planificare pentru a aborda 227 Reţeaua 8.2.1.2 alocarea adreselor de la dispozitive 228 8.2.1.3 Lab - Proiectarea și implementarea unui IPv4 subnetted schema de adresare 229 8.2.1.4 Lab - Proiectarea și implementarea unui VLSM schema de adresare 230 8.2.1.5 Packet Tracer - Proiectarea și implementarea unui VLSM schema de adresare 230 8.3 Consideraţii de proiectare pentru IPv6 230 8.3.1 Subnetting o reţea IPv6 230 8.3.1.1 Subnetting Utilizarea ID-ul de subreţea 230 8.3.1.2 Alocarea subreţea IPv6 230 8.3.1.3 Subnetting în ID-ul interfeţei 231 8.3.1.4 Packet Tracer - implementarea unui IPv6 subnetted schema de adresare 231 8.4 Rezumat 231 8.4.1.1 Clasa de activitate - Poţi să -mi spui acum ? 231 8.4.1.2 Packet Tracer - Abilitati de integrare Challenge 232 8.4.1.3 Rezumatul 232 Capitolul 8 Quiz 234 Capitolul 8 Examen 234 Capitolul dvs. Note 234
Capitolul 9 de acces la reţea 235 9.0 de acces la reţea 235 9.0.1.1 Introducere 235 9.0.1.2 Clasa de activitate - Gestionarea Mediu 235 9.1 Data Link Layer 236 9.1.1 Data Link Layer 236 9.1.1.1Data Link Layer 236 9.1.1.2 Data Link Subayers 237 9.1.1.3 Media Access Control 237 9.1.1.4 Asigurarea accesului la mass-media 238 9.1.2 Layer 2 Structura cadru 238 9.1.2.1 Formatarea datelor pentru Transmisie 238 9.1.2.2 Crearea unui cadru 239 9.1.2.3 de activitate - Generic cadru Fields 240 9.1.3 Layer 2 Standarde 240 9.1.3.1 Data Link Layer Standards 240 9.1.3.2 de activitate - Data Link Layer Standarde Organizatii 240 9.2 Media Access control 240 9.2.1 topologii 240 9.2.1.1 controlul accesului la mass-media 240 9.2.1.2 fizică și logică topologii 241 9.2.2 WAN topologii 241 9.2.2.1 comun WAN fizice topologii 241 9.2.2.2 fizică Point-to -Point Topologie 242 9.2.2.3 logic punct-la- punct Topologie 242 9.2.2.4 Half și Full Duplex 242 9.2.3 LAN topologii 243 9.2.3.1 LAN fizice topologii 243 9.2.3.2 topologie logică comună Media 243 9.2.3.3 Contention acces bazat pe 244 9.2.3.4 Multi - Access Topologie 244 9.2.3.5 Acces controlat 245 9.2.3.6 Ring Topologie 245 9.2.3.7 de activitate - logice și fizice topologii 246 9.2.4 Data Link Frame 246 9.2.4.1Frame 246 9.2.4.2Antet 246 9.2.4.3 Layer 2 Adresa 247 9.2.4.4Trailer 248 9.2.4.5 LAN și WAN Rame 248 9.2.4.6 Ethernet Frame 249 9.2.4.7 PPP cadru 249 9.2.4.8 802.11 Frame Wireless 250 9.2.4.9 de activitate - cadru câmpurile 251 9.3 Physical Layer 251 9.3.1 Scopul Physical Layer 251 9.3.1.1 Nivelul fizic 251 9.3.1.2 Layer Media fizice 252 9.3.1.3 Standardele Physical Layer 252 9.3.1.4 Lab - Identificarea dispozitivelor de reţea și cablare 253 9.3.2 Caracteristici ale Physical Layer 253 9.3.2.1 Funcţii Physical Layer 253 9.3.2.2 componentele fizice 253 9.3.2.3 tehnici de codare cadru 254 9.3.2.4 Metoda de semnalizare 255 9.3.2.5 Lăţimea de bandă 255 9.3.2.6 Capacitate 256 9.3.2.7 activitate - Physical Layer Terminologie 257 9.4 Media Network 257 9.4.1 cabluri de cupru 257 9.4.1.1 Caracteristicile de cupru Media 257 9.4.1.2 cupru Media 258 9.4.1.3 Unshielded - Twisted Pair cablu 258 9.4.1.4 pereche torsadată ecranată ( STP ) Cablu 258 9.4.1.5 cablu coaxial 259 9.4.1.6 cupru Media de siguranţă 259 9.4.1.7 de activitate - cupru Media Caracteristici 260 9.4.2 UTP cablare 260 9.4.2.1 Proprietăţile UTP cablare 260 9.4.2.2 UTP cablare Standardelo
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