Niels Henrik David Bohr (1885-1962) was published his Niels Bohr atomic theory in 1913. He was a Danish physicist and he

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Niels Bohr Atomic Theory

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Niels Henrik David Bohr (1885-1962) was published his Niels Bohr atomic theory in 1913. He was a Danish physicist and he got Nobel Prize in 1922 in physics for atomic structure and quantum mechanics. He was one of

Niels Bohr Atomic Theory Experiment

the most influential scientists in 20th century.

Niels Bohr Atomic Theory Contribution

Niels Bohr model of the atom is very small, positively charged nucleus which contains proton and neutron surrounded by negatively charged electrons. This negatively charged electrons travel in circular orbits around the nucleolus. Niels Bohr atomic model is more similar to the solar system. But in Niels Bohr atomic model, electro static force providing attraction force rather then gravity force.

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1. Niels Bohr atomic model was an improved model from an earlier cubic model, the plum-pudding model, the saturation

Bohr Atomic Theory

2. Niels Bohr atomic model not only explained the structure of the Rydberg formula and its reasoning but also gave a clear

model, and the Rutherford model. acceptability for its disambiguated result in terms of fundamental physical constant.

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3. Niels Bohr applies quantum Rutherford’s atomic structure and assuming that the electrons travel in stationary orbits defined by their angular momentum. This led to calculation of possible energy level for these orbits and the postulations

Bohr's Model of Atom Animation

that the emission of light occurs when an electron transfers in to the lower energy level of orbit. Bohrs Model of an Atom Animation

4. Niels Bohr atomic model is basically considered as a primitive hydrogen atom model. 5. As a Niels Bohr atomic theory, it could be accepted as the derivation of a first order approximation of an atom of hydrogen

Bohrs Model of the Atom

using broader and much more accurate quantum mechanics. 6. Niels Bohr atomic theory could be utilized and accepted to be an absolute scientific theory.

According to Dalton's Atomic Theory Atoms Bohr's Model Animation Atom Models

The Niels Bohr atomic model is basically introduced to impart students to the knowledge of quantum mechanics because of its simplicity and credibility for a particular selected system, before going to models which are more accurate and complex valance atom.

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Niels Bohr Atomic Model

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The entire earlier atomic models are failed, since they predict that all the atoms are unstable. Rutherford ford model were described that the atom consist of dense positively charged nucleus at the center of the atom

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and the negatively charged electrons are circling the nucleus in a fixed orbit.

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When electron orbiting a nucleus they will emits the electromagnetic radiation and therefore loosing energy. Electron would gradually spiral inwards and collapsing in to the nucleus. To over come of these difficulties, Niels were proposed Niels Bohr atomic model in 1913 which is also called as Bohr model of the atom. This Bohr model can show how many electrons can be in each electron shell or orbit. This model can also explain the theoretical appearance of an atom and how different elements are combined.

Niels Bohr atomic model is a planetary model and it has an atom consisting of small nucleus which is positively charged orbited by electrons which are negatively charged. Niels Bohr atomic model is more similar to the solar system plants are orbiting the sun except that the orbits are planner. Mathematically, the gravitational force in a solar system and the attractive electrical force between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons in an atom are of the same form. The form is same but the intrinsic strength of coulomb or electrical interaction is much larger than gravitational interaction. The coulomb interaction can either attractive or repulsive, since atom has positive and negative charges. But gravitation is always attractive in our present universe. Niels Bohr were coupling the Rutherford postulation with the Max Planck quantum theory, proposed that the atom consists of positively charged nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by negatively charged electrons traveling in discrete orbits at fixed distance from the nucleus. An electron has a discrete or specific quantity of energy which is called as quantum. When electron moves from one orbit to another, the energy difference between two states can lose or gain in the form of a single quantum of radiant energy which is called as a photon. Below figure is the Niels Bohr model of the hydrogen atom.

The figure shows that the electron dropped from third orbit to the first orbit with the emission of photon, which has energy (hv).

Niels Bohr Model of the Atom

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In 1915, Niels Bohr proposed the Niels Bohr model of the atom, which is the modification of Rutherford atomic model. So people’s some times called Niels Bohr model of the atom as Rutherford Bohr model . 1. This modern Niels Bohr model of the atom is basically depends upon the quantum mechanics. 2. Niels Bohr atomic model contains some error and is not fully correct, but it is important model of the atom, since it describe most of the accepted features of atomic theory, which are approximately correct with out the entire high level math of the modern version. 3. This model is sufficient for much of our discussion. The correct theory of the atom is called as quantum mechanics. 4. Niels Bohr model of the atom can explain the Rydberg formula for the spectral emission lines of atomic hydrogen but the earlier model does not explain the same. 5. Niels Bohr atomic model is an approximation to quantum mechanics, which has the virtue of being much simpler. A simplified picture of atom is called as Niels Bohr model of the atom. 6. This Niels Bohr model of the atom is probably similar to the planetary model of the atom. In Niels Bohr model of the atom, the neutron and proton are occupied a central region of the atom which is called as positively charged nucleus, and the negatively charged electrons are orbits the nucleus much like plant orbiting the sun. 7. Niels Bohr model of atom can used to explain the most important properties of atomic and molecular structure. 8. In 1915 this model was proposed by Niels Bohr. He suggests that the electrons were confined in to clearly defined orbits. The negatively charged electrons could not freely spiral inward or outward in intermediate stats, but it could move or jump between these orbits. 9. Electrons can absorbs or emits specific amount of energy during the transition in-between these fixed orbits. Bohr expanded the hydrogen model theories for heavier atoms. The heavier atomic models provided a physical nature and characteristics which helped reproducing for the first time many of the known atomic properties. Heavier atoms should have more protons in nucleus and more electrons to cancel the charges. Niels Bohr idea was that each separate orbit could hold certain number of electrons. The next level of orbit can use when the orbit is full. These provide the atom a shell structure in that each shell corresponds to a Bohr orbit.

Niels Bohr Atomic Theory Experiment

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Niels Bohr atomic theory can used to explain the structure of all atoms. Niels Bohr atomic theory was a combination of Rutherford’s model and an idea of atom, with quantum theory, which is introduced by Max Plank. He expanded the Rutherford model upon this theory by proposing that electron travel only certain successively large orbits. Niels Bohr suggested that the outer orbits could not hold much of electrons compared with the inner orbits. The atoms chemical property depends upon the outer orbits. Niels Bohr atomic theory experiment explains the following important things that are Electrons would have only certain chemical motions. Electrons in atoms orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy. The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit, since the energy of the orbit is related to its size. When electrons moves or jumps from one orbit to another one, electrons absorbed or emitted the radiation with a frequency determined by the energy difference of the energy levels according to Planck relations. E = E 2-E 1 = h = Where, h = Plank’s constant T = Frequency of the radiation emitted at an orbit of period

Electrons could orbit the nucleus, but only in discrete orbits at fixed distance from the nucleus, which didn’t emits radiation. Atoms can moves between one orbits to another orbit by absorbing or emitting energies by quantum mechanisms. When electrons moves to a higher orbit, with a large nucleus, the absorption of photon causing an atomic excitation and when electrons moves for lower orbit, with a smaller radius, the emission of photon causing an atomic de-excitation. In each case the wave length of absorbed or emitted lights is exactly such that the photon carries the energy difference between two orbits. The energy can be calculated by using following equation. E = Where, h = Plank constant c = Speed of light = Wave length of the light An atom can absorb or emit only certain discrete wavelength or energies. Niels Bohr atomic theory experiment explains how the Bohr model is works.

Niels Bohr Atomic Theory Contribution

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1. Niels Bohr postulated atomic theory based on quantum theory that the negatively charged electrons travel around the positively charged nucleus in a stationary orbit. 2. This also led to the theory of the different energy levels in atoms, that is if an electron transmits from higher orbit level to an lower level orbit it must release energy or electromagnetic radiation. 3. The Niels Bohr contributed the quantum theory of atomic structure and today’s research of quantum physics which is our future.

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