Idea Transcript
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized
SFG3675 V2
PREPARED FOR GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA
Public Disclosure Authorized
CITY TECHNICAL CAPACITY SUPPORT FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT PREPARATION FOR INDONESIA ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS - PADANG FINAL REPORT
15 10 2017 .
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Indonesia’s Long Term National Urban Development Plan 2015-2045 sets the targets of urban service standards and increasing capacity of city management. Solid waste management is high on the national agenda, as exemplified by the National Medium Term Development Plan’s (RPJMN) ambitious “100-0100” targets of eliminating all slums and providing universal access to water and sanitation (including solid waste collection) by 20191. This sets a highly ambitious goal for the improvement of public service delivery, because it is currently estimated that only 70% of Indonesia’s 135 million urban residents have access to waste collection services and only 55% of urban solid waste is handled at a transfer station or processing facility. The Program There is now a clear consensus amongst senior management staff in National Development Planning Ministry (Bappenas), MPWH, and MoEF that a nation-wide, scalable programmatic approach that supports the solid waste management sector will need to be prepared to address the serious challenges in the sector. The WB has recently signed a US$100 million loan agreement with the Government of Indonesia to support them in developing and implementing this program. • •
High Level Objective: To improve solid waste management services for urban populations across Indonesia. Specific Objective: To provide short-listed cities with technical support to rapidly prepare solid waste management investments ready for design-build bidding. This would include assessing the quality, identifying and filling gaps in the terms of feasibility studies, environmental impact assessments, resettlement action plans, and tendering documents.
To achieve these objectives, the program will be organized around four components: •
Component 1: Institutional and Policy Development (Approx. US$10 million Total Budget; US$3 million IBRD).
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Component 2: Integrated Planning Support and Capacity Building for Local Government and Communities (Approx. US$100 million Total Budget; US$27 million IBRD).
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Component 3: Solid Waste Infrastructure in Selected Cities (Approx. US$1,000 million Total Budget; US$60 million IBRD).
•
o
Sub-Component 3.1: Support for Integrated Solid Waste Management Systems for High Capacity Cities.
o
Sub-Component 3.2: Support for Solid Waste Management Systems in Lower Capacity Cities.
Component 4: Implementation Support and Technical Assistance (Approx. US$60 million; US$10 million IBRD).
Success will be measured by the such metrics as: • •
People in urban areas provided with access to regular solid waste collection under the program (number); Measurement of national program functional capacity;
1
The “100-0-100” target refers to 100% household access to water supply; zero slums; and 100% household access to sanitation (including waste water treatment and solid waste collection).
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• •
Sanitary municipal waste disposal capacity created under the program (tons/year); and Amount of waste diverted from landfills (tons/year).
The Project This project forms part of Component 3.1 which aims to provide financing for a select group of cities (maximum 10 cities) that have demonstrated sufficient capacity and commitment in solid waste management to justify large investments in complex systems and advanced treatment technologies. Cities selected under this component would receive support for investing in all needed infrastructure aspects of solid waste management not currently in place, including collection, transfer, treatment, disposal, and waste recycling/composting. This component would include financing for advanced treatment technologies, such as anaerobic digesters and refuse-derived fuel production. Following an extensive screening process starting with 107 sites and selecting a short-list of 12 sites, the list has further been refined down to four Tier 1. Candidate Cities; Makassar, Palembang, Padang and Magelang, which will proceed to Feasibility Study phase. As part of the Feasibility Studies, and as a requirement of WB safeguard procedures, each site must meet Environmental and Social Safeguards procedures. The following report represents the environmental and social impact assessment for Padang, TPA Aie Dingin. Environmnetal & Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is an important project planning and safeguards tool. The application of the ESIA process at the project preparation stage ensures that the project is environmentally sound, socially acceptable and technically feasible, and has a strong understanding of the risks, benefits, and monitoring and management requirements for the project. This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment was designed to conform with GoI Laws and regulations, and to the WB’s Operation policy and Procedures (WB OP/BP 4.01). This project was defined as Category A project by following the WB’s criteria and because of the potential environmental impacts to air, soil, water, and public health. Section 1 and 2 where the project introduction and description are given is followed by Section 3 where a summary of the political, legal and administrative structures are presented. A summary of relevent WB policies are given in Section 4. Information about the current environmental situation in the project area is given in Section 5. Project impact analysis and description of the potential mitigation and management measures are covered in Section 6. Research covers the following: geophysical site condition, surface and underground water, air and climate, noise, ecology, social, socio-economic, and cultural heritage. Public consultation and Grievance Mechanism are covered in Section 7. And the environmental and social monitoring and management plan (ESMP) is covered in Section 8. Padang, TPA Aie Dingin Project Kota Padang is a capital city of Sumatera Barat Province, locate on the West coast of Sumatera (0o44’0”; 1o08’35” S and 100o05’05”; 100o34’09” E). With a total area of approximately 694.96 sq.Km, and a population of just under one million people (Population growth 1.44% per year. Current population (BPS 2017) 914,968 inhabitants, consisting of 457,090 men and 457,878 women). Kota Padang consist of 11 Sub-District where Koto Tangah being the largest with 232.25 km2 area. The complete administration area in Kota Padang is presented in Table 2-1 of the following report. Kota Padang has approximately 51.01% of protected forest and 7.35% or 51.01 km2 of built environment. Administratively, Kota Padang has 19 islands where Pulau Bintangur is being the largest with 56.78 ha Prepared for Government of Indonesia
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area followed with Pulau Sikuai at Sub-District Bungus Teluk Kabung with 48.12 ha and Pulau Toran at Sub-District Padang Selatan with 33.67 ha. TPA Aie Dingin is situated at Aie Dingin Village and Baringin Village, Koto Tangah Sub-District, Padang. The Northern part of the site is situated in hilly terrain with slopes of 30o – 35o. The South of the site is mostly lowland areas leading down to the River Lubuk Minturun. The Western side of the Landfill is relatively flat lowland area, whilst the East of the Landfill borders hilly areas with slopes varying from 10o – 45o. Distance from the TPA Aie Dingin to the main service area is ~17 km. The nearest residential area is ~1 km to the South of the landfill built by a developer after almost 10 years of landfill operation. Within a 1km radius of the landfill there is a mosque, preliminary school, junior high school and Puskesmas Aie Dingin which are located along the main road leading to the Landfill. The River Batang Aie Dingin is located ~3 km South from the Landfill and the River Batang Kandis is located ~15 km West from Landfill. Landfill distance to Minangkabau Airport is ± 15 Km. In general, the landfill is situated on hilly ground. Site investigation results shows that clay was found approx. 8 m below ground while groundwater level was found between 4 – 8 m below ground level. Currently, total waste collected in Padang is ~612 tonnes/day. ~97.18 tonnes/day of the total collected waste is processed by 3R/composting, thus the volume of waste entered TPA Aie Dingin is ~514.82 tonnes/day. The landfill is currently operated as a ‘controlled landfill’ but reviews indicate theat restricted budget and resources mean that operations are close to open dumping. 2 officers are assigned to log the weight of the waste and clear truck to dispose their waste in the landfill. The waste is then compacted by operators of bulldozers and excavator. Compacted waste will be covered with soil in every 3 months. Soil is taken from Lubuk Alung area. With current operation, the landfill is estimated to be full within the next 5 years. Summary of TPA Aie Dingin Existing Condition Description Name
Existing Condition TPA Aie Dingin 0°49'31.07"S; 100°22'58.48"E
Location Aie Dingin Village and Baringin Village, Koto Tangah Sub-District, Padang Year of operation History of Landfill Development
1986 1992: Cell C construction as pilot project for sanitary landfill 2006 – 2009: Cell D and E construction
Area
19.3 Ha
Land Status
Government Property ~1 km
Distance to the nearest residence
Distance to river
This landfill was initially located in remote area and not until less than 10 years the route to landfill developed into residential area. ~3 km South from Landfill Batang Aie Dingin
Distance to coast
~7 km southwest from Landfill
Distance to downtown
~17 km to southwest
Distance to airport
~11 km to southwest
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Description
Existing Condition
Topography
Hilly ground with wet soil and low groundwater level (4 – 8 m below ground)
Environmental document
• •
Landfill Operational Method
Controlled Landfill (covered soil application every 3 months)
Waste To Dispose
• • •
AMDAL document is not available. DELH is currently being prepared by the Government and it is expected to be finished by the end of 2017.
• • • Cells
Impermeable layer
•
Total waste collected: ~612 tonnes/day Waste processed in 3R/composting unit: ~97.18 tonnes/day Waste entered landfill: ~514.82 tonnes/day 5 cells (10.53 Ha), consists of A (2.8 Ha), B (1 Ha), C (0.53 Ha), D (1.1 Ha), E (1.2 Ha). Cell C: equipped with Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCL) and leachate collection system. Cell D and E: equipped with geo-membrane & geo-textile and leachate collection system. In 2015, landslide in Cell D was occurred and damaged the LTP because the retaining wall of Cell D was made by compacted soil without perforated drain pipe. During site visit on July 2017, the Cell D was being rebuilt with compacted soil equipped with perforated drain pipe along with the LTP. It is scheduled to be completed on September/November 2017.
Clay (until 8 m below ground), GCL (Cell C) and Geo-membrane (Cell D & E) 4 units.
Groundwater Monitoring Well Monitoring of groundwater wells are performed irregulary by DLH. Gas collection facility
• • • •
Leachate Treatment Plant
Leachate Collection System
Heavy equipment
Supporting Facility
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Applied on Cell C, D, and E • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Waste Pickers
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Methane gas pipeline for Cell A & B Methane to electricity unit. Status: inactive until the collected methane is sufficient. Status: inactive due to reparation Consists of equalization pond, anaerobic 1, anaerobic 2, facultative 1, facultative 2, maturation 1, maturation 2 and wetland. During site visit on July 2017, the LTP was inactive and under construction due to landslide in Cell D. It is scheduled to be completed on September/November 2017.
Dump Truck 36 units Arm roll truck 45 units Bulldozers D6 3 units Bulldozer D4 1 unit Excavators 2 units Security post Office Weighbridge Composting unit Sorting unit Car wash Garage/warehouse Buffer area Access and operational road: 100 meters access road with concrete. Unpaved cover for operation road. Drainage: not well maintained, mostly built by dirt trench and come with concrete Fencing: partially damage
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Description
Existing Condition
Cattles
Cows were observed on-site, however information on cattles estimation number is not available
Remaining Landfill Lifetime
5 years since 2017
Project Interventions Padang TPA, Aie Dingin is being operated at present as barely more than an open dump. Recently there has been a significant landfill slope failure, resulting from poor management and maintenance, which resulted in damage to the leachate treatment plant, fortunately there was no loss of life. The main priorities of the World Bank sponsored project are to rehabilitate and upgrade the site to reduce the environmental, social, and public health impacts and to conform with the GoI and WB international sanitary landfill standards, and to create additional space/operating life through construction of new cells and Intermediate Treatment Facilities. In order to achieve this this project will support preparation of the following works: •
Support to capacity building and training of local government landfill operation unit, and/or establishment of Government Public Service Agency (BLUD). Including O&M planning and budgeting support and training;
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Reshaping of existing waste mass in order to maximize disposal efficiency within available area and extend the landfill life. Also to stabilize landfill slopes and prevent failures resulting in infrastructure damage and potential loss of life;
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Capping and closing of existing full waste cells in order to minimize rainfall infiltration to the waste mass, and thus minimize leachate generation, minimize odour and flyblown waste, minimize rodents, flies and other disease vectors, and facilitate gas capture which can then be extracted through a piped system for flaring or WtE power generation;
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Construction of new lined landfill cells to conform to GoI and WB sanitary landfill design standards. Construction will include provision of stockpile material (soil) for daily/intermediate cover, and provision of a gravel bed and piped leachate collection and transfer system;
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Construction of a new leachate treatment system (LTP) utilizing appropriate, robust, design measures that minimize operating costs and potential for breakdown/failure of expensive/sensitive equipment, and maximize leachate treatment and discharge water quality to conform with GoI wastewater discharge standards and WB international guidelines and best practice.
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Rehabilitation and upgrading of associated site infrastructure, including internal access roads drains, management and operation buildings, Heavy Equipment (HE), and HE workshop, site fencing, guard posts, weighbridge, sorting station, internal site power, water and sanitation systems; and
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An Intermediate Treatment Facility (ITF), which will include site preparation to allow for followon development, under a separate project intervention, for waste reduction and/or waste to energy facilities.
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The above project activities will aim to ensure that TPA Aie Dingin is upgraded to an international sanitary landfill facility with additional operating capacity to serve the City and surrounding areas for at least ten - twenty more years (depending on the operational regime). Environmental and Social Baseline This study had built a comprehensive environmental and social baseline for TPA Aie Dingin based on a desk study of existing baseline data including: •
TPA Aie Dingin Environmental Laboratory Analysis 2017;
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TPA Aie Dingin Detailed Engineering Design Review 2015;
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Padang City Solid Waste Management Masterplan;
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West Sumatera Province Regional Environmental Status (Status Lingkungan Hidup Daerah/SLHD) 2015;
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Padang City Sanitation Strategy Update (Pemutakhiran Strategi Sanitasi Kota) 2016-2020;
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Padang City in Figures (Kota Padang Dalam Angka) 2014 – 2017;
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Padang City in Figures (Kota Padang Dalam Angka) 2016-2017
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Koto Tangah Sub-district in Figures (Kecamatan Koto Tangah Dalam Angka) 2015
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West Sumatera Regional Environmental Status (Status Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Sumatera Barat) 2014-2015
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Monitoring by Padang City Environmental Agency (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Padang).
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Socio-economic survey of waste pickers and non-waste pickers residing nearby TPA Aie Dingin
In addition to the desk studies, the project team conducted a series of walk-over site investigations, Social surveys, public consultations, and interviews with project stakeholders. The environmental and social baseline includes summary and analysis of provincial and site specific data for; climate, airquality, noise, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, geomorphology, geology, site topography, seismicity, soils, water (surface and ground) quality, waste water (leachate) quality, and biodiversity. The social safeguard screening study was conducted with three methods: (a) desktop study, to explore a demographic profile of the study area by utilizing secondary sources; (b) household survey, to profiling the waste pickers, waste buyers, livestock owners who rely their economic sources on the landfill, as well as non-dependent households residing around the landfill site; (c) interviews with key stakeholders from government agencies and community leaders. Household surveys were conducted using a questionnaire covering several aspects such as socio-economic condition, access to education, health and markets, and their perception about the landfill rehabilitation project plan. Interviews with stakeholders are conducted to gain an overview of the socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions of potential affected people, perceptions of project plans and grievance mechanisms.
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The scope or boundary of social baseline is defined by the proximity of settlement to the landfill, where the TPA Aie Dingin is closest to Balai Gadang Village administratively as well as geographically. The initial planned solid waste management project of TPA Aie Dingin will affect the lives of communities residing in the vicinity of that landfill, especially those families depending economically on waste utilization (recycling and primary processing). The most significant groups affected are waste pickers, waste buyers and livestock owners who feed their livestock from organic waste on the landfill. In addition, the proposed project also has the potential to impact the surrounding population, resulting from the operational of dump trucks transporting garbage to the landfill, water sources and other environmental impacts. Public Consultations are required as one of the conditions for E&S Safeguards. Public consultations are also required as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (DELH) process for the Government of Indonesia. A Public Consultation for Padang, TPA Aie Dingin was conducted on the 29th August 2017. The public consultation consisted of an open forum meeting where members of the project, local government, environmental consultants, community representatives, and other project stakeholders were invited to hear a presentation of the project by the local government supported by the environmental consultant, followed by an open discussion and feedback involving all parties present. As a continuation of the WB project Feasibility Studies, a second round of public consultations was held on 11th October 2017 to ensure continued updating and feedback to the project area community and stakeholders of the proposed extension and upgrading plans. The results of both rounds of public consultations have been incorporated in the ESIA process and the discussion results will be taken into account in the final FS documents. A summary of both public consultations and presentation documents are provided in Appendix 4. The results of the surveys and public consultations show that overwhelmingly the project area community and stakeholders are in favor of the planned project development (both waste pickers (86.4%) and non-waste pickers (96.8%) alike approved the plan). Respondent expectations for the project include that the landfill still provide opportunities for them to make a living (18.4%), and that the landfill is cleaner, more comfortable, and better managed. Non-waste pickers hope that the smell of waste can be reduced, there will be better landfill management, and cleaner and more comfortable conditions around the site. Impacts and Mitigation Measures Section Six provides and summary and analysis of potential risks and impacts associated with the planned project development following through the full project life cycle from pre-construction, construction, through to operation and final closure. The main areas of potential risks and impacts include: •
Soil and water (surface and ground) contamination in particular from uncontrolled leachate discharge;
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Tensions between the project area community and transmigrant labour (construction phase);
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Airquality, including dust and odour;
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Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions;
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Noise and vibration (particularly during the construction and operation phases);
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(Temporary) Traffic conjestion (particularly during the construction and operation phases);
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Visual impact; and
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Impact to waste picker and intermediate recyclers livelihoods and potential income generation.
A full matrix of risks impacts and mitigation/management measures is provided in Section 6. Environmental and Social Management Plan The Environmental and Social Management plan (ESMP) consists of plans for the comprehensive management of the implementation and monitoring of all environmental and social risk and impact mitigation measures, derived from all environmental and social assessment and study efforts conducted on the Project. Budgeting of costs to cover mitigation measures are to be developed during the DED phase, which will then be included to the Project costing for the O&M plan. The project has gone through a comprehensive screening and assessment process to identify risks and impacts and to determine the type of mitigation and monitoring measures, such as the presence of Indigenous Peoples, any need to acquire land, and any restrictions on access to natural resources. The ESMP provided in Section 8. is a living document that will need to be updated on a regular basis commensurate with the specific design, planning and implementation of the upgrade of the facility.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... I TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................... IX LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................ XVII LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... I LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ II ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...................................................................................................... III 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1
2
1.1 1.2
Program & Sector Background & Description ................................................................... 1 Improvement of Solid Waste Management Project for Regional Areas and Metropolitan Cities ................................................................................................................................ 2
1.3 1.4
Application of Environmental & Social Impact Assessment ............................................. 5 Purpose of The Report ..................................................................................................... 6
1.5 The Report Structure ........................................................................................................ 6 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................. 8 2.1 Project Objectives & Approach......................................................................................... 8 Project Objectives ................................................................................................... 8 Project Approach .................................................................................................... 8 2.2
Study Methodology .......................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1.1 Data Sources for Environmental and Social Baseline .............................................. 9 2.2.1.2 Scope of the baseline and impact assessment........................................................ 9 2.2.1.3 Social survey methods ......................................................................................... 10
2.3
Padang City & TPA Aie Dingin Site Description ............................................................... 10 Location, Population, General Background ............................................................ 11 Existing Solid Waste Management ........................................................................ 12 Landfill Site Description......................................................................................... 15
2.4 2.5
Project Description ......................................................................................................... 19 Analysis of Alternatives .................................................................................................. 21 Do Nothing............................................................................................................ 24 Rehabilitate & Extend the Existing Site .................................................................. 24 Develop a New Landfill Site ................................................................................... 25 Advanced Waste Reduction (3R) Composting, Waste to Energy Incinerator, or Digester .......................................................................................................................... 25
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THE LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................ 27 3.1 Indonesian SWM Guidelines, Laws & Regulations .......................................................... 27 3.2 Application of WB Solid Waste Guidelines & Safety Policy ............................................ 27 3.3 Technical Standards for Sanitary Landfills and Identified Key Issue ............................... 30 3.4 Institutional Framework & Capacity ............................................................................... 30 SCREENING AND CLASSIFICATION OF TPA AIE DINGIN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS MANAGEMENTS ................................................................................................ 33
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4.1 4.2 5
Government of Indonesia Environmental Screening & Impact Assessment Process ...... 34 Environmental Screening Category ................................................................................ 35
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINES OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL .................................. 39 5.1 Environmental Baseline.................................................................................................. 39 Atmospheres......................................................................................................... 39 5.1.1.1 Climate ............................................................................................................... 39 5.1.1.2 Air Quality and Noise........................................................................................... 44
Lithosphere ........................................................................................................... 46 5.1.2.1 Topography......................................................................................................... 46 5.1.2.2 Geology .............................................................................................................. 50 5.1.2.3 Seismicity............................................................................................................ 50
Hydrosphere ......................................................................................................... 53 5.1.3.1 Hydrogeology...................................................................................................... 53 5.1.3.2 Hydrology ........................................................................................................... 54
Biodiversity Resources .......................................................................................... 55 5.1.4.1 Biodiversity Important Habitats in the Project Area of Influence .......................... 56 5.1.4.2 Possible Occurrence of Species within the Project Area and Surrounding ............. 60 5.1.4.3 Potential of Threatened Wildlife Species in the Project Location Landscape ......... 60 5.1.4.4 Biodiversity Resources Summary ......................................................................... 63
5.2
Social, Economic & Cultural Baseline.............................................................................. 63 Demography ......................................................................................................... 63 Local Economy ...................................................................................................... 65 5.2.2.1 Gross Regional Domestic Product ........................................................................ 65 5.2.2.2 Locally Generated Revenue (PAD) ....................................................................... 66
Labor Force & Employment ................................................................................... 67 Livelihood and Economic Activities in the Project Affected Area ............................ 67 5.2.4.1 General Figure .................................................................................................... 67 5.2.4.2 Project Affected People : Waste Pickers, Waste Buyers and Livestock Owners ..... 68 5.2.4.3 Waste Pickers and Non-waste Pickers Income ..................................................... 69 5.2.4.4 Waste Pickers and Non-waste Pickers Expenditure .............................................. 69 5.2.4.5 Assets of Waste Pickers ....................................................................................... 70 5.2.4.6 Waste Buyers ...................................................................................................... 71
Education & Skill Base ........................................................................................... 72 5.2.5.1 Education Facilities.............................................................................................. 72 5.2.5.2 PAP Education Profiles ........................................................................................ 72
Landuse ................................................................................................................ 73 5.2.6.1 Livestock and Landfill .......................................................................................... 73
Religion ................................................................................................................. 74 Social Culture ........................................................................................................ 74 5.2.8.1 Societal Organization .......................................................................................... 74 5.2.8.2 Norms and Cultural Aspects ................................................................................ 74
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5.2.8.3 Culture and Social Process ................................................................................... 75 5.2.8.4 Cultural Heritage ................................................................................................. 75
Public health ......................................................................................................... 75 5.2.9.1 Health Facilities and Health Care Human Resources............................................. 75 5.2.9.2 Disease Profile in General .................................................................................... 76 5.2.9.3 PAP Disease Profile ............................................................................................. 77 5.2.9.4 PAP choice of medical treatment ......................................................................... 77
Environmental Sanitation Conditions .................................................................... 78 5.2.10.1 General Figure .................................................................................................... 78 5.2.10.2 PAP Environmental Sanitation Condition ............................................................. 82 5.2.10.3 Perception on Environmental Hygiene ................................................................. 82
Perception of Waste Pickers and Residents around the Landfill on the Health&Environmental Aspects and Management Plans of TPA Aie Dingin ..................... 82 5.2.11.1 Perception on Landfill Management Projects....................................................... 82 5.2.11.2 Community Complaints ....................................................................................... 83
Traffic & Transportation ........................................................................................ 84 5.2.12.1 Road ................................................................................................................... 84 5.2.12.2 Land Transportation ............................................................................................ 84 5.2.12.3 Air Transportation ............................................................................................... 84 5.2.12.4 Sea Transportation .............................................................................................. 84
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ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS RELATED TO DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECTS ........................................................................................................ 85 6.1 Pre-Construction ............................................................................................................ 85 Land Acquisition.................................................................................................... 85 Cultural Heritage ................................................................................................... 85 Community Perception ......................................................................................... 85 Indigenous People................................................................................................. 85 Contamination of Land due to Poor Handling, Storage and Accidental Spill of Chemical and Petroleum Products from the Geotechnical Work ..................................... 86 Contamination of Shallow Aquifer due to the Accidental Spill of Chemical and Petroleum Products from the Geotechnical Work ........................................................... 86 Surface Water Quality Degradation due to Spill of Petroleum and Chemical Product from the Geotechnical Work ........................................................................................... 86 6.2
Construction Phase ........................................................................................................ 87 Dust from the Site Clearing, Digging, Filling, Material Handling and Road Transportation ................................................................................................................ 87 Emissions from Operation of Energy Power Diesel Generation for Construction Purposes, Vehicle and Commisioning of the ITF .............................................................. 88 Odour from the Rehabilitation Work of Existing Landfill Cell ................................. 88 Noise & Vibration Increase due to Construction Activities ..................................... 88 Surface Water Erosion due to the Construction Activities ...................................... 89
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Leachate Generation from the Rehabilitation of Old Dumping and Landfill Cell ..... 89 Solid Waste Generation due to Demolition Work and Construction ....................... 89 Release of Litter due to the Rehabilitation of Old Dumping and Landfill Cell .......... 90 Biodiversity and Habitat ........................................................................................ 90 Traffic Increase during the Construction Activities ................................................. 90 Community Health & Safety .................................................................................. 90 Occupational Health & Safety ................................................................................ 91 Workforce and Construction Activities Impacts on Host Communities ................... 92 Economic Impacts ................................................................................................. 93 6.3
Operation Phase............................................................................................................. 93 Vehicular Emissions from Waste Collection & Transport; and Waste Receipt, Unloading, Processing & Storage ..................................................................................... 93 Air Emission and Odour from Waste Collection & Transport; Waste Receipt, Unloading, Processing & Storage; ITF Operation; and Landfilling ..................................... 93 Noise & Vibration Increase from the Waste Receipt, Unloading, Processing & Storage 94 Surface Water Quality Degradation due to Leachate Contamination ..................... 94 Hazardous Waste Generation from the Landfill Operation .................................... 95 Release of Litter during the Operation of Landfill .................................................. 95 Visual Impact from the Waste Collection, Transport, and Landfilling ..................... 95 Aquatic Biota ........................................................................................................ 96 Biodiversity and Habitat ........................................................................................ 96 Traffic Disruption due to the Operational Activities ............................................... 96 Community Health & Safety .................................................................................. 96 Occupational Health & Safety ................................................................................ 97 Community Perception ......................................................................................... 98 Economic Impact................................................................................................... 98
6.4
Closure Phase ................................................................................................................. 98 Excess Emission from Landfill ................................................................................ 99 Decreased Erosion Rate due to the Closure Phase ................................................. 99 Surface Water Quality Improvement due to the Landfill Closure ........................... 99 Visual Impact ........................................................................................................ 99 Biodiversity and Habitat ...................................................................................... 100 Potential of Landslide during the Closure Phase .................................................. 100 Occupational Health & Safety .............................................................................. 100 Work termination and decreased local economy ................................................. 101
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6.5 6.6
Impacts & Mitigation Measures Matrix ........................................................................ 102 Cumulative Impact ....................................................................................................... 114 Receptors............................................................................................................ 114 Contributing Activities ......................................................................................... 115 Cumulative Contributor to Key Receptors ........................................................... 115
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PUBLIC CONSULTATION & GRIEVANCE MECHANISM ............................................................. 116 7.1 Public Consultation ...................................................................................................... 116 7.2 Grievance Mechanism .................................................................................................. 116 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN............................................................ 117 8.1 8.2
Background .................................................................................................................. 117 The Project ................................................................................................................... 117
8.3 8.4
This ESMP ..................................................................................................................... 117 ESMP Actions - ESMS.................................................................................................... 118 Air Quality and Odour Management Plan ............................................................ 119 8.4.1.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 119 8.4.1.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 119 8.4.1.3 Tasks ................................................................................................................. 119 8.4.1.4 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 120 8.4.1.5 Performance Indicators ..................................................................................... 120 8.4.1.6 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 120 8.4.1.7 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 120 8.4.1.8 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 120 8.4.1.9 Tasks ................................................................................................................. 120 8.4.1.10 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 121 8.4.1.11 Performance Indicators ..................................................................................... 121 8.4.1.12 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 121 8.4.1.13 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 121
Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Emissions .................................................. 121 8.4.2.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 121 8.4.2.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 121 8.4.2.3 Tasks ................................................................................................................. 121 8.4.2.4 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 121 8.4.2.5 Performance indicators ..................................................................................... 122 8.4.2.6 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 122
Cultural Heritage and Chance Find Procedure ..................................................... 122 8.4.3.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 122 8.4.3.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 122 8.4.3.3 Tasks ................................................................................................................. 123 8.4.3.4 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 123 8.4.3.5 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 123 8.4.3.6 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 123
Emergency Response and Preparedness.............................................................. 124
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8.4.4.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 124 8.4.4.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 124 8.4.4.3 Tasks ................................................................................................................. 124 8.4.4.4 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 124 8.4.4.5 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 124 8.4.4.6 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 124
Grievance Mechanism ......................................................................................... 124 8.4.5.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 124 8.4.5.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 125 8.4.5.3 Tasks ................................................................................................................. 125 8.4.5.4 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 127 8.4.5.5 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 127 8.4.5.6 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 127
Indigenous Peoples ............................................................................................. 128 8.4.6.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 129 8.4.6.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 129 8.4.6.3 Tasks ................................................................................................................. 129 8.4.6.4 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 130 8.4.6.5 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 130 8.4.6.6 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 130
Labor and Working Condition and Occupational Health and Safety ..................... 130 8.4.7.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 130 8.4.7.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 132 8.4.7.3 Tasks ................................................................................................................. 132 8.4.7.4 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 132 8.4.7.5 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 132 8.4.7.6 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 132
Land Acquisition and Resettlement ..................................................................... 132 8.4.8.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 133 8.4.8.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 134 8.4.8.3 Tasks ................................................................................................................. 134 8.4.8.4 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 134 8.4.8.5 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 134 8.4.8.6 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 134 8.4.8.7 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 135 8.4.8.8 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 135 8.4.8.9 Tasks ................................................................................................................. 135 8.4.8.10 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 135 8.4.8.11 Performance Indicators ..................................................................................... 135 8.4.8.12 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 135 8.4.8.13 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 135
Noise and Vibration............................................................................................. 135 8.4.9.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 135 8.4.9.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 136 Prepared for Government of Indonesia
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8.4.9.3 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 138 8.4.9.4 Performance Indicators ..................................................................................... 138 8.4.9.5 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 138 8.4.9.6 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 138
Soil Quality.......................................................................................................... 138 8.4.10.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 138 8.4.10.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 138 8.4.10.3 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 139 8.4.10.4 Performance Indicators ..................................................................................... 139 8.4.10.5 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 139 8.4.10.6 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 139
Solid Waste Management Plan............................................................................ 139 8.4.11.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 139 8.4.11.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 139 8.4.11.3 Tasks ................................................................................................................. 140 8.4.11.4 Performance Indicators ..................................................................................... 140 8.4.11.5 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 140 8.4.11.6 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 140
Stakeholder Engagement (Public Consultation and Information Disclosure) ........ 140 8.4.12.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 140 8.4.12.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 141 8.4.12.3 Tasks ................................................................................................................. 141 8.4.12.4 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 142 8.4.12.5 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 142 8.4.12.6 Corrective Action .............................................................................................. 142
Traffic and Transportation ................................................................................... 143 8.4.13.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 143 8.4.13.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 143 8.4.13.3 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 143 8.4.13.4 Performance Indicators ..................................................................................... 143 8.4.13.5 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 143 8.4.13.6 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 144
Wastewater Management Plan ........................................................................... 144 8.4.14.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 144 8.4.14.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 144 8.4.14.3 Tasks ................................................................................................................. 144 8.4.14.4 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 144 8.4.14.5 Performance Indicators ..................................................................................... 144 8.4.14.6 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 145 8.4.14.7 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 145
Water Quality ..................................................................................................... 145 8.4.15.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 145 8.4.15.2 Management Strategies .................................................................................... 145
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8.4.15.3 Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 145 8.4.15.4 Performance Indicators ..................................................................................... 145 8.4.15.5 Monitoring and Reporting ................................................................................. 145 8.4.15.6 Corrective Actions ............................................................................................. 146
9
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 196
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Table 2-2 Table 2-3 Table 2-4 Table 2-5 Table 2-6 Table 2-7 Table 2-8 Table 2-9 Table 3-1 Table 4-1 Table 4-2 Table 5-1 Table 5-2 Table 5-3 Table 5-4 Table 5-5 Table 5-6 Table 5-7 Table 5-8 Table 5-9 Table 5-10 Table 5-11 Table 5-12 Table 5-13 Table 5-14 Table 5-15 Table 5-16 Table 5-17 Table 5-18 Table 5-19 Table 5-20 Table 5-21 Table 5-22 Table 5-23 Table 5-24 Table 5-25
Total Area of Padang by Sub-District ............................................................... 11 Population of Padang, 2013 ............................................................................ 12 Waste Generation Growth in Household ........................................................ 12 Household Waste Composition....................................................................... 13 Traditional Market Waste Composition .......................................................... 13 Shop Complex Waste Composition ................................................................. 13 Summary of Waste Trucks Entered TPA Aie Dingin ......................................... 16 Summary of TPA Aie Dingin Existing Condition................................................ 16 Summary of Alternatives for Waste Management Solutions .......................... 22 World Bank’s Environmental and Social Safeguard Key Policies ...................... 28 World Bank and Government of Indonesia Project Classification and EA Requirements................................................................................................. 33 Potential Social and Environmental Impacts at TPA Aie Dingin, Padang .......... 37 Summary of Padang Climate Condition in 2016 .............................................. 40 Monthly Wind Direction in Padang (2013 - 2016) ........................................... 43 Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Result at TPA Aie Dingin ............................. 45 Main Ambient Air Parameters ........................................................................ 45 Altitude of Areas in Padang ............................................................................ 46 Groundwater Quality Monitoring Result (August 2015) .................................. 53 Groundwater Quality Monitoring Result (October 2016) ................................ 53 Leachate Monitoring Result (August 2015) ..................................................... 54 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Result (August 2015) ................................. 54 Leachate Quality Monitoring Result (October 2016) ....................................... 55 IUCN Threatened Wildlife Species in the Project Location ............................... 61 Biodiversity Resources Summary .................................................................... 63 Population by Age Group and Gender in the study area .................................. 64 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at Current Prices by Industry in Padang, 2014-2016 (Million Rupiah) ............................................................... 65 Locally-Generated and Other Revenue, Padang 2015 – 2016 .......................... 66 Unemployed Population by Education and Gender in Padang, 2016 ............... 67 Number of population aged >15 Years working based on Primary Working Area in Padang, 2015 .............................................................................................. 67 Social survey respondent by gender, ethnicity and religion ............................. 68 Education Facilities in Study Area (Balai Gadang, Koto Tangah and Padang).... 72 Land Utilization in Koto Tangah Districts, 2015 ............................................... 73 Public Health Facilities in the study area ......................................................... 76 Total Health Care Human Resources in Study Area ......................................... 76 Number of Patient at Air Dingin Public Health by kind of Disease 2015 ........... 76 Overview of Domestic Wastewater Services Coverage by Sub-District in Padang ....................................................................................................................... 79 Waste Management System by sub-district in Padang .................................... 80
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Figure 2-1 Figure 2-2 Figure 2-3 Figure 2-4 Figure 3-1 Figure 3-2 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-2 Figure 5-1 Figure 5-2 Figure 5-3 Figure 5-4 Figure 5-5 Figure 5-6 Figure 5-7 Figure 5-8 Figure 5-9 Figure 5-10 Figure 5-11 Figure 5-12 Figure 5-13 Figure 5-14 Figure 5-15 Figure 5-16 Figure 5-17 Figure 8-1
Location of Proposed Landfills Selected for Screening....................................... 5 Stages of Project Approach ............................................................................... 9 Administration Map of Kota Padang .............................................................. 11 Existing Solid Waste Management System in Padang ...................................... 14 Lay Out of TPA Aie Dingin .............................................................................. 19 Organization Structure of Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Padang ............................. 32 Organization Structure of TPA Aie Dingin ........................................................ 32 Indonesian Government Policy & Process for Environmental Safeguards ........ 34 World Bank Environmental Classification of Typical Projects by Type/Sector .. 36 Climate Zone with Project Location ................................................................ 39 Koppen Climate Classification for West Sumatra............................................. 40 Monthly Average Rainfall in Padang (2013 – 2016) ......................................... 41 Monthly Average Rainy Days in Padang (2013 - 2016)..................................... 42 Monthly Average Temperature in Padang (2013 - 2016) ................................. 42 Monthly Average Humidity in Padang (2013 - 2016) ....................................... 43 Monthly Average Wind Velocity in Padang (2013 - 2016) ................................ 43 Monthly Average Solar Radiation in Padang (2013 - 2016) .............................. 44 Topography Map ............................................................................................ 48 Geology Map .................................................................................................. 49 Seismic Hazard Map of Padang ....................................................................... 51 Tsunami Threat Index Map ............................................................................. 52 Location of the Project Area nearby the Singkarak Lake and Gunung Singgalang ....................................................................................................................... 55 Gunung Singgalang Important Bird Area ......................................................... 57 IBAT Survey Result for Project Location in regard to Protected Areas, Priority Sites for Biodiversity and Regions of Conservation Importance ....................... 59 Species Grid within the Project Area and Surroundings ................................... 60 Map of Project Location ................................................................................. 64 ESMP coverage and Evaluation Cycle ............................................................ 118
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LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1. Indonesian Laws and Regulations For SWM Appendix 2. The World Bank Safeguard Policies Appendix 3. Technical Standards for Sanitary Landfill Appendix 4. Public Participation & Disclosure Documents Appendix 5. Grievance Mechanism Appendix 6. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Policy Framework Appendix 7. Social Survey Photographs
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ABR AMDAL APBD
BLUD CSSWM
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan - Environmental Impact Assessment Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah - Annual Regional Government Budget Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan - Board of Environmental Impact Management Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah - Municipal Development and Planning Agency Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional - National Development and Planning Ministry Badan Layanan Umum Daerah - Government Public Service Agency Common System for Solid Waste Management
DHPS DHPU DLH DPRD EA EE
Department of Housing and Public Services Department of Housing and Public Utilities Dinas Lingkungan Hidup - Environmental Agency Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah - Provincial Government Legislatures Environmental Assessment Ecological Expertise
EIA EMP EP ESIA ESMF ESMP FS and CD GHG GOI HE
Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Plan Executive Power Environment and Social Impact Assessment Environmental and Social Management Framework Environmental and Social Management Plan Feasibility Study and Conceptual Design Green House Gases Government of Indonesia Heavy Equipment
ISWMP ITF IVM
LFG LTP
Integrated Solid Waste Management Programme Intermediate Transfer Facility Integrated Vector Management Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional Pengembangan Sistem Pengelolaan Persampahan National Policy and Strategy for Developing Solid Waste Systems Landfill Gases Leachate Treatment Plant
MED MEMR
Ministry of Economic Development Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
MOEF MPW
Ministry of Environment and Forestry Ministry of Public Works
MPWH NGO NSUP NUWAS OI PIU
Ministry of Public Works and Housing Non-Government Organisation National Slums Upgrading Program National Urban Water Supply Program Operational Instructions Program Implementation Units
BAPEDAL BAPPEDA BAPPENAS
KSNP-SPP
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PMU
WB
Program Management Units Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitasi Permukiman - Urban Sanitation Development Program Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional - National Medium Term Development Plan Social Impact Assessment Surat Pernyataan Pengelolaan Lingkungan - Statement of Assurance for Implementation of Environmental Management and Monitoring Solid Waste Management Solid Waste Management Company Thermal Effect Creating Gases Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir - Landfill Urgent Ecological Investment Project Usaha Pengelolaan Lingkungan dan Usaha Pemantauan Lingkungan - Environmental Management and Monitoring Efforts World Bank
WtE
Waste to Energy
PPSP RPJMN SIA SPPL SWM SWMC TECG TPA UEIP UKL-UPL
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1 1.1
INTRODUCTION Program & Sector Background & Description
Indonesia’s Long-Term National Urban Development Plan 2015-2045 sets the targets of urban service standards and increasing capacity of city management. Solid waste management is high on the national agenda, as exemplified by the National Medium Term Development Plan’s (RPJMN) ambitious “100-0-100” targets of eliminating all slums and providing universal access to water and sanitation (including solid waste collection) by 2019 2. This sets a highly ambitious goal for the improvement of public service delivery, because it is currently estimated that only 70% of Indonesia’s 135 million urban residents have access to waste collection services and only 55% of urban solid waste is handled at a transfer station or processing facility. However, collection of solid waste varies widely between cities. Some cities have strong performance in solid waste management, with high collection rates (>80%), recycling schemes and local budget allocations that demonstrate commitment to the sector. On the other hand, some cities have abysmal performance with low collection rates (< 20%) and little political commitment demonstrated. The most recent data (2013) suggests that approximately 105,000 tons of municipal solid waste is generated daily in Indonesian urban areas and quantities continue to rapidly increase with an expected 150,000 tonnes of waste produced daily by 2025 (45% increase over 12 years). It is estimated that approximately 40% of solid waste is generated by private households whereas the remaining percentage is produced by a variety of sources, such as markets (20%), streets (9%), public facilities (9%), offices (8%), and industry (6%). Hence, not only does Indonesia need to increase collection to include roughly 30 % of existing urban households currently with no service access, but will also need to contend with the annual increase of about 4,000 tons of solid waste produced every year due to increasing urban populations and rates of waste generation. In addition to serious waste collection shortfalls, final disposal of waste is also an urgent and challenging issue. Of the 55% of solid waste actually collected and transferred to disposal sites, roughly 60% of the collected waste is not deposited in a sanitary landfill with appropriate environmental and social standards. In 2006, the Ministry of Public Works (MPW) issued a regulation (21/Prt/M/2006) mandating that all open dump landfills be either closed or upgraded to sanitary facilities by 2011. In 2008, the Waste Management Act (No.18/2008) again required all local governments to close open dumping sites by 2013. However, despite the successive regulations and law, few sanitary landfills are currently operational and open unsanitary landfills remain the norm. These landfills often have numerous negative consequences, such as groundwater and surface water contamination, air pollution and very hazardous working conditions for “waste pickers”. Following decentralization reforms, the national government’s role has been limited to an advisory and regulatory role with municipal governments as the primary implementers. The responsibilities of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (MPWH) in solid waste management are generally (not strictly) limited to providing technical advice, promoting pilot projects, and supervising large-scale off-site solid waste facilities. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) also has an important responsibility for developing policies, formulating regulations, and coordinating efforts in pollution control. However, local governments are ultimately responsible for solid waste
2
The “100-0-100” target refers to 100% household access to water supply; zero slums; and 100% household access to sanitation (including waste water treatment and solid waste collection).
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management, as established in Presidential Decree No.2/2002 and reaffirmed in the Waste Management Act (No.18/2008). The BAPPEDA (municipal planning agency) and Dinas Lingkungan Hidup (cleansing services unit) are the key local government agencies responsible for the planning and implementation of solid waste management. However, the funds allocated by local governments have been critically insufficient for the high recurrent expenditures needed for collecting waste, and for investments and maintenance of sanitary landfills. In addition, the transfer of solid waste responsibilities to local governments was often not accompanied by a subsequent transfer of the necessary technical skills. Given the severity of the challenge, the MPWH and MoEF are keen to support local governments and spur investments in the sector. However, in order to reach the RPJMN’s goal of 100% sanitation coverage, MPWH estimates that new investments of approximately US$5 billion will be needed in the solid waste sector over the next four years. With less than US$1.5 billion predicted to be available from the national government until 2019 (including funding from international development agencies) and only limited additional financing available from local governments, there are considerable investment financing gaps to achieve policy targets.
1.2
Improvement of Solid Waste Management Project for Regional Areas and Metropolitan Cities
There is now a clear consensus amongst senior management staff in National Development Planning Ministry (Bappenas), MPWH, and MoEF that a nation-wide, scalable programmatic approach that supports the solid waste management sector will need to be prepared to address the serious challenges in the sector. Meetings have highlighted the urgent need to establish a national solid waste management program to channel infrastructure investments, invest heavily in city capacity building, and reorient the national government’s role to enable city-driven initiatives in the solid waste management sector. The structure of the proposed program will be fully aligned to enhance the performance of existing government initiatives and programs, such as the Sustainable City Index in Bappenas, Urban Sanitation Development Program (PPSP) in MPWH, and most importantly it will be synchronized with the Solid Waste Sector Roadmap 2016 - 2025 currently being prepared by MoEF. The program will be designed similarly to the existing Indonesian urban programs such as the National Slums Upgrading Program (NSUP) and the National Urban Water Supply Program (NUWAS) to apply experience gained in these programs and to avoid unnecessary transaction costs and duplication. For example, implementation arrangements may be harmonized with existing multi-ministerial working groups, such as the Water and Sanitation Working Group. The objective of the new program will be to improve solid waste management services for urban populations across Indonesia. Success will be measured by the such metrics as, (i) people in urban areas provided with access to regular solid waste collection under the program (number); (ii) measurement of national program functional capacity; (iii) sanitary municipal waste disposal capacity created under the program (tons/year); and the (iv) amount of waste diverted from landfills (tons/year). To achieve these objectives, the program will be organized around four components in similar fashion to other Indonesian urban infrastructure programs supported by the World Bank: Component 1
:
Institutional and Policy Development (Approx. US$10 million Total Budget; US$3 million IBRD). This component will support institutional
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Component 2
:
Component 3
:
Sub-Component 3.1
:
Sub-Component 3.2
:
strengthening and capacity building of central government agencies responsible for various technical and administrative aspects of solid waste management services (e.g. MoEF, MPWH, Bappenas, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR)). Integrated Planning Support and Capacity Building for Local Government and Communities (Approx. US$100 million Total Budget; US$27 million IBRD). This component will finance the costs of experts and community facilitators throughout the project cycle to support capacity building (including training, workshops, and knowledge exchange events between cities as well as urban subdistricts) of local governments and communities to design and manage solid waste service improvements (approximately 50 cities to be supported). Solid Waste Infrastructure in Selected Cities (Approx. US$1,000 million Total Budget; US$60 million IBRD). This component includes two sub-components as summarized below. Support for Integrated Solid Waste Management Systems for High Capacity Cities. This component would provide financing for a select group of cities (maximum 10 cities) that have demonstrated sufficient capacity and commitment in solid waste management to justify large investments in complex systems and advanced treatment technologies. Cities selected under this component would receive support for investing in all needed infrastructure aspects of solid waste management not currently in place, including collection, transfer, treatment, disposal, and waste recycling/composting. This component would include financing for advanced treatment technologies, such as anaerobic digesters and refuse-derived fuel production. This sub-component is envisioned to facilitate the creation of model cities for solid waste management cities that can act as both inspirations and performance benchmarks for all other cities in Indonesia. Support for Solid Waste Management Systems in Lower Capacity Cities. This component would provide a financing mechanism for a short-listed group of cities (approx. 20-30 cities) to be selected for smaller and partial investments to improve their collection, treatment, and disposal of solid waste. For Indonesia to reach its 100% sanitation goal it will be necessary to also support cities that still face problems in adequately managing waste collection and disposal services and to provide sufficient financing to improve these operations. Many of those cities may not need nor would be capable of managing large and costly sanitary landfill sites or treatment facilities, but their capacity could substantially benefit from the provision of limited investments to existing infrastructure and at existing sites. These investment options could include: investments to improve operations at existing waste disposal sites (such as improvements in waste reception and disposal logistics, leachate collection and treatment, landfill gas capture), construction of waste
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Component 4
:
transfer stations, collection equipment, sanitary closure and environmental rehabilitation of old dumping sites, and investments in waste sorting and segregated waste collection. Implementation Support and Technical Assistance (Approx. US$60 million; US$10 million IBRD). This component will provide technical support, advisory services and training of Program Management Units (PMUs) at national level, and for Program Implementation Units (PIUs) at provincial and city levels (approx. 50 cities). Strengthening implementation and management capacity will involve support for monitoring and evaluation systems for the proposed program, enhancing stakeholder’s collaboration at all levels, and training to make substantial use of participatory techniques for community engagement. Costs of national management consultants and oversight service providers will be financed under this component.
As part of the preparation for the programmatic approach, the Government of Indonesia and World Bank have agreed on the need for a Program Implementation Roadmap that will outline both the actions and investments needed for establishing an effective SWM Program. The Roadmap would highlight required i) Policy Reforms; ii) Implementation Arrangements; iii) Technical Sectoral Guidelines; iv) Local Capacity Building Needs (planning, operational, and financing); and v) Investment Plan for First $1 Billion (USD) of Integrated Waste Management Infrastructure The WB, in consultation with the Government of Indonesia, have already prepared an initial shortlist of seven cities/districts to be included in the project: The results of the initial long list analysis and screening produced a shortlist of seven sites for further detailed screening: No.
Location
Landfill (TPA)
1
DKI Jakarta
AD and TPA Bantar Gebang
2
Denpasar
TPA Regional Sarbagita
3
Makassar
TPA Tamangapa
4
Manado
TPA Sumompo
5
Palembang
TPA Karyajaya
6
Padang
TPA Aie Dingin
7
Magelang - City & Regency
TBA
Following the continued screening process the list has further been refined down to four Tier 1. Candidate Cities; Makassar, Palembang, Padang and Magelang, which will proceed to Feasibility study phase. As part of the Feasibility Studies, and as a requirement of WB safeguard procedures, each site must meet Environmental and Social Safeguards procedures. The following report represents the environmental and social impact assessment for Padang, TPA Aie Dingin.
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Figure 1-1
1.3
Location of Proposed Landfills Selected for Screening
Application of Environmental & Social Impact Assessment
The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is an important project planning and safeguards tool. The application of the ESIA process at the project preparation stage ensures that the project is environmentally sound, socially acceptable and technically feasible, and has a strong understanding of the risks, benefits, and monitoring and management requirements for the project. Solid waste management projects Indonesia are required by law to have an ESIA study. In Indonesia, there are three levels of environmental impact assessment and management measures, based on the project environmental and social impact classification: •
Full environmental impact assessment (AMDAL);
•
Environmental Management and Monitoring Efforts (UKL-UPL);
•
Statement of Assurance for Implementation of Environmental Management and Monitoring (SPPL).
Although requirements for these are covered by national legislation, implementation may vary for each administrative region; this translates into differences in responsibility of the proponent and/or variation in requirements for some types of activities between regions. A list of business and/or activities requiring each type of assessment should exist in each region. As such, in the screening of the Project Shortlisted sites, including Padang, it is important to refer to local regulations on environmental assessment. As regards project activities that are not included in the government’s list of types of business and/or activities require AMDAL and UKL-UPL, there is a requirement to conduct environmental management and monitoring according to the relevant Standard Operating Procedures available Prepared for Government of Indonesia
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and to have a Statement of Assurance for Implementation of Environmental Management and Monitoring (SPPL). The World Bank have their own set of Environmental and Social Safeguards requirements which adhere to international standards and best practice. These are summarised in Section 4 and Appendix 2. The application of ESIA is of utmost importance for solid waste management projects due to the potential for significant impacts on air, soil, and groundwater in and around landfills. Also in many cases, particularly with large cities, landfills are located close to community settlemens and/or employ large numbers of individuals on the site for managment and recycling activities (waste pickers), this results in further potential for health and safety impacts which need to be addressed through the ESIA.
1.4
Purpose of The Report
This ESIA report is prepared for the Government of Indonesia with the following purpose: •
To provide necessary insight and adequate basis for Government of Indonesia about the potential impacts that could be encountered in the implementation of the development plans, and requirements for mitigation, monitoring and management measures for Padang landfill and any of the 4 landfills under consideration for investment when a full EIA process has to be conducted in order to comply with the Government of Indonesia’s regulations.
•
To address the gaps and additional requirements between Government of Indonesia’s regulations and World Bank’s Environmental & Social Safeguards, thus to help ensure that the Bank finance the environmentally sound and sustainable project.
This study is based on the WB’s policy on Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) and investments proposed in the framework of the project may make application of OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement necessary. For this reason, these policies will be considered as basic when preparing the Padang documents. At the same time, the WB and project team will study the possibility of application of other safety policies in this project. The potential impacts of the project on the natural environment and social situation have been defined in the report. Social research was carried out, including social surveys and public consultations. As one part of the project preparation, the assessment of the project’s environmental and social impact was conducted, the preventive measures and mitigation procedures (including corresponding monitoring) in order to avoid, minimize and eliminate the project’s possible negative impacts were identified. The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is included in the ESIA report in order to define the activities required to mitigate the potential negative impacts. Public consultations were conducted to discuss the project proposed plans and recommended ESMP and Grievence redress mechanism.
1.5
The Report Structure
This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment was designed to conform with GoI Laws and regulations, and to the WB’s Operation policy and Procedures (WB OP/BP 4.01). This project was defined as Category A project by following the WB’s criteria and because of the potential
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environmental effects for categorizing the projects based on the potential environmental impacts. The following Sections make up this environmental and social report: 1. Introduction 2. Project Background, Objectives, Description 3. Political, legal and administrative structure 4. Description of WB Environmental & Social Policies 5. Project environmental and social Baseline 6. Project environmental and social impacts and mitigation measures 7. Public Consultation and Grievance mechanism 8. Environmental and Social Management Plan – ESMP
Section 1 and 2 where the project introduction and description are given is followed by Section 3 where a summary of the political, legal and administrative structures are presented. A summary of relevent WB policies are given in Section 4. Information about the current environmental situation in the project area is given in Section 5. Project impact analysis and description of the potential mitigation and management measures are covered in Section 6. Research covers the following: geophysical site condition, surface and underground water, air and climate, noise, ecology, social, socio-economic, and cultural heritage. Public consultation is covered in Section 7. And the environmental and social management plan (ESMP) is covered in Section 8.
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2 2.1
PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Project Objectives & Approach Project Objectives
High Level Objective: To improve solid waste management services for urban populations across Indonesia. Specific Objective: To provide short-listed cities with technical support to rapidly prepare solid waste management investments ready for design-build bidding. This would include assessing the quality, identifying and filling gaps in the terms of feasibility studies, environmental impact assessments, resettlement action plans, and tendering documents. Project Approach The project will be fully aligned to support existing government initiatives and programs for the development of integrated SWM systems for large (‘High Capacity’) cities across Indonesia. The project has a set duration of 4.5 months beginning in June 2017. The project will consist of three key Stages: Stage 1: Initial Screening of Nation-Wide Landfill Long List – WB, GoI and Consultant screening of long list of 104 sites and identification of priority list of 7 – 10 sites. (Two Months Duration) Stage 2: Screening Study Fact Finding, & Analysis (Seven Cities) - fact finding (e.g. local government commitment, land availability) and preparation of an interim report as basis for decision-making during a workshop to be organized and attended by all relevant stakeholders and participating cities or district. (Six Weeks Duration) Stage 3: Feasibility Studies for the Selected Measures (Four Cities) - on the basis of the interim report and the decisions taken during the workshop and of further investigations and analysis for the selected technologies, options, etc. (Three Months Duration)
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Figure 2-1
2.2
Stages of Project Approach
Study Methodology
2.2.1.1
Data Sources for Environmental and Social Baseline
Primary and secondary data source used to establish the environmental setting are as follows: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k.
2.2.1.2
TPA Aie Dingin Environmental Laboratory Analysis 2017; TPA Aie Dingin Detailed Engineering Design Review 2015; Padang City Solid Waste Management Masterplan; West Sumatera Province Regional Environmental Status (Status Lingkungan Hidup Daerah/SLHD) 2015; Padang City Sanitation Strategy Update (Pemutakhiran Strategi Sanitasi Kota) 2016-2020; Padang City in Figures (Kota Padang Dalam Angka) 2014 – 2017; Padang City in Figures (Kota Padang Dalam Angka) 2016-2017 Koto Tangah Sub-district in Figures (Kecamatan Koto Tangah Dalam Angka) 2015 West Sumatera Regional Environmental Status (Status Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Sumatera Barat) 2014-2015 Monitoring by Padang City Environmental Agency (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Padang). Socio-economic survey of waste pickers and non-waste pickers residing nearby TPA Aie Dingin Scope of the baseline and impact assessment
The scope or boundary of social baseline is defined by the proximity of settlement to the landfill, where the TPA Aie Dingin is closest to Balai Gadang Village administratively as well as geographically. The initial planned solid waste management project of TPA Aie Dingin will affect the lives of communities residing in the vicinity of that landfill, especially those families depending Prepared for Government of Indonesia
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economically on waste utilization. The most significant groups affected are waste pickers, waste buyers and livestock owners who feed their livestock from organic waste in landfills. In addition, the landfills management project also has the potential to impact on the surrounding population, resulting from the operational of dump trucks transporting garbage to the landfill, water sources and other environmental impacts. 2.2.1.3
Social survey methods
The social safeguard screening study was conducted with three methods: (a) desktop study, to explore a demographic profile of the study area by utilizing secondary sources; (b) household survey, to profiling the waste pickers, waste buyers, livestock owners who rely their economic sources on the landfill, as well as non-dependent households residing around the landfill site; (c) interviews with key stakeholders from government agencies and community leaders. Household surveys were conducted using a questionnaire covering several aspects such as socio-economic condition, access to education, health and markets, and their perception about the landfill rehabilitation project plan. Interviews with stakeholders are conducted to gain an overview of the socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions of potential affected people, perceptions of project plans and grievance mechanisms. The sampling procedure in this survey is done with the following approach. Methodologically, the collection of 10% of the total population is considered to be representative of the population. Based on the estimated maximum number of waste pickers working in TPA Aie Dingin (about 150 people), a total of 15 respondents methodologically have met the principle of representation. However, the factual number of waste picker respondents taken in this survey is 44 people or 29,3% of the estimated population. Respondents were selected purposively considering gender. In addition, the selection of respondents is also done by looking at the representation of their residence, namely (a) waste pickers who settled in Balai Gadang Village, especially in the area of RW 09 Air Dingin and RW 06 Lubuk Parandaman/Beringin; (b) waste pickers living outside the Balai Gadang Village. Meanwhile, the number of non-dependent respondents (namely the households who are not including waste pickers, waste buyers and livestock breeders) was taken purposively as many as 30 households. The Balai Gadang Village consists of 16,023 people and 4,006 households (BPS 2015). They are spreading in the area of 14 RW (Rukun Warga/neighborhood). Of those neighborhoods, the nearest to TPA Aie Dingin site are resident of RW 09 and RW 06. Therefore, household sampling is restricted to these RWs only. The selection of respondents in RW 09 Air Dingin is mainly done to the residents who live along the main access road to the landfill, assuming that they are potentially affected persons by the operational of landfill, since the waste transportation vehicles passing by their housing everyday.The respondents in RW 06 Beringin/Lubuk Parandaman which are relatively far from access road to the landfill are chosen by simple random sampling, assuming they are not affected directly by the operational of landfill. All the waste buyers (5 people) adjacent to the landfill were taken entirely as the respondents. Meanwhile, 10 people were chosen randomly as the representative of the local people who raise livestock on TPA Aie Dingin. The number of cattle breders are not available, but some locals said no more than 30 people. Locals who raise livestock on the landfill area are only RW 09 Air Dingin residents located very close to the entrance of the landfill area. They get advantages of being adjacent to the landfill gate as the cattle have easy access to entering the landfill site.
2.3
Padang City & TPA Aie Dingin Site Description
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Location, Population, General Background Kota Padang is a capital city of Sumatera Barat Province that located at 0o44’0”; 1o08’35” S and 100o05’05”; 100o34’09” E. Based on Gov. Regulation No. 17/ 1980, the city has approximately 694.96 sq.Km area or 1.65 % of Sumatera Barat Province. Boundaries of Kota Padang are as follows: •
North : Kabupaten Pariaman
•
East
•
South : Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan
•
West
: Kabupaten Solok
: Samudera Indonesia
Source : Padang Spatial Plan 2010-2030
Figure 2-2
Administration Map of Kota Padang
Kota Padang consist of 11 Sub-District where Koto Tangah being the largest with 232.25 km2 area. The complete administration area in Kota Padang is presented in Table 2-1. Kota Padang has approximately 51.01% of protected forest and 7.35% or 51.01 km2 of built environment. Administratively, Kota Padang has 19 islands where Pulau Bintangur is being the largest with 56.78 ha area followed with Pulau Sikuai at Sub-District Bungus Teluk Kabung with 48.12 ha and Pulau Toran at Sub-District Padang Selatan with 33.67 ha. Table 2-1
Total Area of Padang by Sub-District
No.
Sub-District
Area (km2)
%
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Bungus Teluk Kabung Lubuk Kilangan Lubuk Begalung Padang Selatan Padang Timur Padang Barat Padang Utara Nanggalo Kuranji
100.78 85.99 30.91 10.03 8.15 7.00 8.08 8.07 57.41
14.50 12.37 4.45 1.44 1.17 1.01 1.16 1.16 8.26
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10. 11.
Pauh Koto Tangah Total
146.29 232.25 694.96
21.05 33.42 100.00
Source: Padang in Figures, 2014
Population of Kota Padang in 2013 is increased to approx. 876,678. The escalation is reported as of 22,342 or 1,261 people/m2 from 1,229 people/m2 in 2012. Population trend of Kota Padang is shown in the Table 2-2 below. Table 2-2
Population of Padang, 2013
100.78 85,99 30,91 10,03 8,15 7,00 8,08 8,07 57,41 146,29 232,25
2009 24,417 44,552 104,323 64,458 88,510 62,010 77,509 59,851 123,771 54,846 166,033
2010 22,896 48,850 106,641 57,718 77,868 45,380 69,119 57,275 126,729 59,216 162,079
Population 2011 23,142 49,751 108,018 57,386 77,932 46,060 69,275 57,731 128,835 60,553 165,633
2012 23,360 50,249 109,584 58,320 77,989 46,411 69,729 58,232 130,916 61,755 167,791
2013 23,858 51,847 113,217 58,780 78,789 45,781 70,051 59,137 135,787 64,864 174,567
694,96
875,750
833,562
844,316
854,336
867,678
No.
Sub-District
Area (km2)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Bungus Teluk Kabung Lubuk Kilangan Lubuk Begalung Padang Selatan Padang Timur Padang Barat Padang Utara Nanggalo Kuranji Pauh Koto Tangah Total
Source: Padang in Figures, 2014
Existing Solid Waste Management Based on Master Plan Pengelolaan Persampahan Kota Padang, average growth of waste generation is 0.0135 m3/day . The document also stated that the highest composition in household waste is organic waste that can be composted, while vegetable is the highest composition and leaves being the highest in shop complex. Detail of waste geenration and composition from household, traditional market and shopping complex are shown in the Table 2-3 until Table 2-6. The existing solid waste management system in Padang is presented in Figure 2-3.
Table 2-3
Waste Generation Growth in Household Container 1
Weight (kg/day) Volume (m3/day) Volume (L/day) Growth (kg/ha/day) Growth (L/ha/day) Growth (L/person/day)
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3.54 0.01 6.44 0.25 1.82
Container 2 10 0.017 17 0.68 1.98 0.130
Average 6.5285 0.0135 11.785 0.465 1.9
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Source: Padang Solid Waste Management Master Plan, 2014
Table 2-4
Household Waste Composition
Component Organic (cannot be composted) Organic for composting Plastic Paper Yard Garbage Glass Woods Cloth Metal Others
Composition (%) 21.17 39.80 14.70 9.67 6.24 0.91 1.40 0.59 0.96 4.62
Source: Padang Solid Waste Management Master Plan, 2014
Table 2-5
Traditional Market Waste Composition Type Vegetable Cardboard Plastic bag Paper
Composition (%) 90 4 5 1
Source: Padang Solid Waste Management Master Plan, 2014
Table 2-6
Shop Complex Waste Composition Type
Composition (%)
Leaves Wood Plastic bag Paper HVS paper Styrofoam
49,505 8,575 15,520 10,259 16,098 0,042
Source: Padang Solid Waste Management Master Plan, 2014
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Source: Dinas Lingkungan Hidup, 2017
Figure 2-3
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Existing Solid Waste Management System in Padang
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Landfill Site Description PA Aie Dingin in Padang is the final dumping site managed by the local government of Padang Municipality. This landfill is located in Balai Gadang Village, the subdistrict of Koto Tangah, is about 17 kilometers from downtown Padang. The TPA Aie Dingin was established when Syahrul Udjud SH was the Mayor of Padang Municipality (1983-1993). Feasibility study was conducted in 1985 and the landfill began being operational in 1989. This landfill was built to replace the previous waste disposal site in Lubuk Buaya which was located very close to downtown of Padang. The TPA Aie Dingin now serves to accommodate waste disposal generated from 11 sub-districts and 104 villages (kelurahan) in the city of Padang. TPA Aie Dingin is situated at Aie Dingin Village and Baringin Village, Koto Tangah Sub-District, Padang. Based on the DELH report, Northern part of TPA Aie Dingin is the hilly area with high and steep terrain with slope of 30o – 35o, to the South is mostly lowland areas and River Lubuk Minturun. The West side of the Landfill is relatively flat lowland area, while East of the Landfill site is bordering ot hilly areas with slope varying from10o – 45o. Distance of TPA Aie Dingin location with service area is ~17 km. The nearest residential area is ~1 km to the South of the landfill built by developer after almost 10 years of landfill operation. In this radius mosque, preliminary school, junior high school and Puskesmas Aie Dingin are also located on the left and right of the main road before entering the Landfill. River of Batang Aie Dingin is located ~3 km South from Landfill and River Batang Kandis as water body receiver of River Batang Balik is located ~15 km West from Landfill. Landfill distance to Minangkabau Airport is ± 15 Km. In general, the landfill is situated in hilly ground with wet soil and low groundwater caused by small pores of soil. Site investigation result shows that clay was found until 8 m below ground while water level was found in 4 – 8 m below ground. Historically, the location of TPA Aie Dingin was farmland purchased by the Padang city government in the mid-1980s from local residents. The nearest settlements at that time was located within one kilometer to the south (formerly known as Air Dingin and Beringin villages before being merged into Balai Gadang Village). Waste pickers have come to the landfill since it started to operate. At first, the waste pickers who were working in TPA Aie Dingin were dominated by residents around the old dumping site in Lubuk Buaya. But today the local residents of the nearest settlement (RW 09 Air Dingin and RW 06 Beringin/Lubuk Parandaman) dominate the garbage collection activities in the landfill area. In the meantime, houses were established by the local residents along the main access road to the landfill, some of them owned by waste pickers and waste buyers. Currently, the settlement is directly adjacent to the east side of the landfill area. In addition to scavenging waste, local residents also have small livestock activities in the landfill area. Currently, total waste collected in Padang is ~612 tonnes/day. ~97.18 tonnes of total collected waste is processed with 3R/composting per day, thus the number of waste entered TPA Aie Dingin is ~514.82 tonnes/day. The landfill is currently operated as controlled landfill. 2 officers are assigned to log the weight of the waste and clear truck to dispose their waste in the landfill. The waste is then compacted by operators of bulldozers and excavator. Compacted waste will be covered with soil in every 3 months. Soil is taken from Lubuk Alung area. With current operation, the landfill is estimated to be full in the next 5 years. TPA Aie Dingin officers also do the processing of wet waste or organic waste into compost. Organic garbage from the market is placed on a permanent tub near the composting building and most of it will be processed into compost. Trip of waste market taken to the landfill is about 12-15 trips/day. Compost is produced every 3 days by 3 officers with accumulated weight of 9 tonnes/month. The production is then use as fertilizer for city garden. Summary of waste trucks to landfill is presented in the Table 2-7.
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Table 2-7
Summary of Waste Trucks Entered TPA Aie Dingin
Owner
Type
Number
Tonnage (approximate)
Location (Points)
Trip (truck/day)
Dinas Pasar Private DLH DLH DLH
Arm Roll Dump Truck Arm Roll Dump Truck Dump Truck Dump Truck (wooden box) Dump Truck
7 3 38 1 2
2.5 – 3 2.5 – 3 2.5 – 3 5 2
7 3 47 Mobile Mobile
2–3 N/A 2 2–3 2–3
4
4
Mobile
2–3
26
5
Mobile
10 – 15
DLH DLH Source: DLH, 2017
TPA Aie Dingin has 5 cells, consist of Cell A, B, C, D and E. Initially, it was operated in 1986 as open dumping landfill by operating cell A & B. The site was approved as dumpsite because it’s in remote but accessable area and has the clay deposit area. Then, pilot project for sanitary landfill was conducted in 1992 for Cell C. Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCL) was applied in Cell C along with proper leachate collection pipe and leachate ponds. Cell D & E were built along with a complete leachate treatment system in 2006 – 2009. The cells were applied with geo-membrane & geo-textile. DLH was not aware whether clay or soil applied as the first layer for these cells. Leachate collection pipe was reported to be applied. During the site visit on July 2017, leachate treatment plant was under construction due to the landslide of the Cell D in 2015. The retaining is reported failed to hold the waste in Cell D because it was made by compacted soil without perforated drain pipe. Delay of reconstructing the retaining wall was occurred due to the limitation of budget. Retaining wall of Cell D is also being rebuilt with compacted soil with perforated drain pipe. Satker PPLP is managing the construction and it is scheduled to complete the construction in September/November 2017. It is estimated that there are currently about 150 people who work as waste pickers in the landfill 3, 5 persons are waste buyers who buy recyclable waste, from waste pickers, as well as dozens of families who raise livestock (mainly cattle and goat) and rely on feed from landfill. However, there has been insufficient information on the number of real waste pickers in TPA Aie Dingin. Sumarni (2012) noted there were 123 people in 2011, another source named 120 people, while TPA officials estimated there were 150 waste pickers4. The waste buyers opened stalls and warehouses next to the landfill, precisely at the main access road to the landfill. Some collectors also have warehouses and waste processing facilities away from the landfill to accommodate the results of garbage waste pickers who do not enter the landfill. Summary of TPA Aie Dingin existing condition is presented in Table 2-8 and layout of TPA Aie Dingin is shown in Error! Reference source not found.. Table 2-8
Summary of TPA Aie Dingin Existing Condition
Description
3 4
Existing Condition
Name
TPA Aie Dingin
Location
0°49'31.07"S; 100°22'58.48"E
Estimation is given by Azwardi, the manager of TPA Aie Dingin (Interview, August 15, 2017). The number of waste pickers are keep changing since they are free workers which come and go as they wish.
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Description
Existing Condition Aie Dingin Village and Baringin Village, Koto Tangah Sub-District, Padang
Year of operation History of Landfill Development
1989 1992: Cell C construction as pilot project for sanitary landfill 2006 – 2009: Cell D and E construction
Area
19.3 Ha
Land Status
Government Property
Distance to the nearest residence
~1 km This landfill was initially located in remote area and not until less than 10 years the route to landfill developed into residential area.
Distance to river
~3 km South from Landfill Batang Aie Dingin
Distance to coast
~7 km southwest from Landfill
Distance to downtown
~17 km to southwest
Distance to airport
~11 km to southwest
Topography
Hilly ground with wet soil and low groundwater level (4 – 8 m below ground)
Environmental document
• •
Landfill Operational Method
Controlled Landfill (covered soil application every 3 months)
Waste To Dispose
Cells
AMDAL document is not available. DELH is currently being prepared by the Government and it is expected to be finished by the end of 2017.
• Total waste collected: ~612 tonnes/day • Waste processed in 3R/composting unit: ~97.18 tonnes/day • Waste entered landfill: ~514.82 tonnes/day • 5 cells (10.53 Ha), consists of A (2.8 Ha), B (1 Ha), C (0.53 Ha), D (1.1 Ha), E (1.2 Ha). • Cell C: equipped with Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCL) and leachate collection system. • Cell D and E: equipped with geo-membrane & geo-textile and leachate collection system. • In 2015, landslide in Cell D was occurred and damaged the LTP because the retaining wall of Cell D was made by compacted soil without perforated drain pipe. During site visit on July 2017, the Cell D was being rebuilt with compacted soil equipped with perforated drain pipe along with the LTP. It is scheduled to be completed on September/November 2017.
Impermeable layer
Clay (until 8 m below ground), GCL (Cell C) and Geo-membrane (Cell D & E)
Groundwater Monitoring Well
4 units.
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Description
Existing Condition Monitoring of groundwater wells are performed irregulary by DLH.
Gas collection facility
• • • •
Leachate Treatment Plant •
Leachate Collection System
Heavy equipment
Supporting Facility
Methane gas pipeline for Cell A & B Methane to electricity unit. Status: inactive until the collected methane is sufficient. Status: inactive due to reparation Consists of equalization pond, anaerobic 1, anaerobic 2, facultative 1, facultative 2, maturation 1, maturation 2 and wetland. During site visit on July 2017, the LTP was inactive and under construction due to landslide in Cell D. It is scheduled to be completed on September/November 2017.
Applied on Cell C, D, and E • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Dump Truck 36 units Arm roll truck 45 units Bulldozers D6 3 units Bulldozer D4 1 unit Excavators 2 units Security post Office Weighbridge Composting unit Sorting unit Car wash Garage/warehouse Buffer area Access and operational road: 100 meters access road with concrete. Unpaved cover for operation road. Drainage: not well maintained, mostly built by dirt trench and come with concrete Fencing: partially damage
Waste Pickers
~120 people
Cattles
Cows were observed on site, it is estimated more than 200 cattles available, owned by 15-20 local residents.
Remaining Landfill Lifetime
5 years since 2017
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Figure 2-4
2.4
Lay Out of TPA Aie Dingin
Project Description
Padang TPA, Aie Dingin is a pre-existing landfill, as described in the previous sections, it is the main landfill serving the SWM needs of Padang City and the surrounding areas (See Error! Reference source not found. Above). The site is being operated at present as barely more than an open dump. Recently there has been a significant landfill slope failure, resulting from poor management and maintenance, which resulted in damage to the leachate treatment plant, fortunately there was no loss of life. Referring to Figure 2-3 and Table 2-8, the overall plan area of the TPA Aie Dingin Site is approximately 19.3 ha; with about 12.7 ha in former/closed and active waste disposal cells, 1 ha of leachate treatment plant, 0.6 ha to the reception/support facilities (office, weighbridge, security, workshop, etc.); leaving nominally 5 ha as perimeter and other buffer areas. Assuming that permanent access is maintained around the perimeter of the Site; the future/ rehabilitated landfill cells are likely to be generally rectangular-shaped with a northwest-southeast orientation. Based on the current configuration of the Site, the approximate plan dimensions of the future/rehabilitated
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landfill cells are likely to be on the order of 100 m to 150 m in length by 50 m to 75 m in width; with maintenance access roads, surface water drainage, and landfill cell lining/leachate collection system termination details and leachate sumps located along corridors on the perimeter northwest and southeast boundaries. It has been preliminarily estimated that; with the relatively consistent rainfall (refer to Figure 5-3); the future leachate treatment plant will, in its rehabilitated form, occupy approximately 2.5ha – 3.0ha. Rehabilitation of the waste disposal area is anticipated to include, but not necessarily be limited to: perimeter containment bunding; re-shaping of the existing surfaces to a long-term stable configuration across disposal areas; and installation of a dual-purpose system serving as capping/closure for the previously placed waste and base lining/leachate collection for future waste to be placed vertically above. Collected leachate will be transported to the leachate treatment plant before being discharged to the environment. Landfill gas will be collected and pipes for treatment and/or use in power (electricity or heat) generation. It is estimated that; at a current waste disposal rate of 515 - 600 tonnes/day, and in consideration of annual increases commensurate with population and consumer demand; the current Site will have an effective life of approximately 5 years. The 3R and other waste reduction measures, and/or physical, horizontal expansion of the Site will increase this. The main priorities of the World Bank sponsored project are to rehabilitate and upgrade the site to reduce the environmental, social, and public health impacts and to conform with the GoI and WB international sanitary landfill standards, and to create additional space/operating life through construction of new cells and Intermediate Treatment Facilities. In order to achieve this this project will support preparation of the following works: •
Support to capacity building and training of local government landfill operation unit, and/or establishment of Government Public Service Agency (BLUD). Including Operation and Maintenance (O&M) planning and budgeting support and training;
•
Reshaping of existing waste mass in order to maximize disposal efficiency within available area and extend the landfill life. Also to stabilize landfill slopes and prevent failures resulting in infrastructure damage and potential loss of life;
•
Capping and closing of existing full waste cells in order to: minimize rainfall infiltration into the waste mass, and thus minimize leachate generation; minimize odour and wind-blown waste; minimize rodents, flies and other disease vectors; and facilitate gas capture which can then be extracted through a piped system for flaring or Waste to Energy (WtE) power generation;
•
Construction of new lined landfill cells to conform to GoI and WB sanitary landfill design standards. Construction will include provision of stockpile material (soil) for daily/intermediate cover, and provision of a gravel bed and piped leachate collection and transfer system;
•
Construction of a new leachate treatment Plant (LTP) utilizing appropriate, robust, design measures that minimize operating costs and potential for breakdown/failure of expensive/sensitive equipment, and maximize leachate treatment and discharge water quality to conform with GoI wastewater discharge standards and WB international guidelines and best practice. Very simple treatment options may be available to reduce concentrations of organic material in leachate by approximately 50% (essentially pond systems), but the area requirements for these systems are excessive.
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The proposed treatment concept includes a buffer storage or equalization tank to reduce the size / capacity of the downstream in-line treatment sections. The actual treatment system includes anaerobic treatment to reduce the concentrations of organic material in the leachate and has a potential for recovery and utilization of biogas, followed by treatment of residual organic material and nitrogen removal in a nitrification / denitrification type activated sludge plant with final polishing of the treated leachate in engineered wetlands (reed beds). The treatment system is designed to provide at least partial treatment to the landfill leachate should mechanical equipment fail. Inlet (lift) pumps to the LTP will need to function at any point of time and a power back-up system will be provided for this part of the system.
Figure 2-5
Scheme of Leachate Treatment Process
•
Rehabilitation and upgrading of associated site infrastructure, including internal access roads drains, management and operation buildings, Heavy Equipment (HE), and HE workshop, site fencing, guard posts, weighbridge, sorting station, internal site power, water and sanitation systems; and
•
An Intermediate Treatment Facility (ITF), which will include site preparation to allow for follow-on development, under a separate project intervention, for waste reduction and/or waste to energy facilities.
The above project activities will aim to ensure that TPA Aie Dingin is upgraded to an international sanitary landfill facility with additional operating capacity to serve the City and surrounding areas for at least ten twenty more years (depending on the operational regime).
2.5
Analysis of Alternatives
Padang is a large municipality (Population 0.9 m) producing over 600 tonnes of waste per day. The existing landfill of Aie Dingin is reaching capacity and time is running out to develop a long term solution for solid
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waste management. A summary of alternatives considered by the project team are presented in the Table 2-9 and text below: Table 2-9 Alternative 1
Summary of Alternatives for Waste Management Solutions Description Do Nothing
Pro’s
Con’s
Least cost option
Does not address existing environmental, social, public health issues. Landfill will be full within a few years with no long term alternative.
2
Rehabilitate existing site & build new cells & infrastructure within the existing site boundary.
Will address existing environmental, social, public health issues. Existing site is already approved for waste disposal.
3
Close existing site and develop new landfill on an alternative location
More costly than developing a new site. Limited available expansion.
space
for
New site will allow optimal development of long-term sanitary landfill solution.
Will take at least 3-5years to identify, design and construct a new site.
Cost will be less rehabilitating/extending existing site.
Padang is a heavily developed urban city with limited site options.
than
There will be heavy opposition to any new site from local community. Does not address environmental, social, public health issues at existing site. 4 (a)
Develop Advanced waste reduction (3R) and/or waste to energy incinerator.
Maximises waste reduction. Provides income generation from recycling and/or power production. Reduces emissions. Requires (600tpd), TPA Aie Dingin will be full within less than 5 years. Without an alternative SWM option, solid waste will rapidly build up across the city. Analysis result: Least preferred option. Action must be taken to address the current poor condition of the site and lack of future disposal airspace. Rehabilitate & Extend the Existing Site Rehabilitation of the existing site is required to address the environmental, social, and public health issues, regardless of future landfilling requirements. Under this scenario, the existing cells will be reshaped capped and closed, reducing leachate, odour, disease vectors, and GHG emissions. The waste mass will be reshaped to stabilise cells and reduce the risk of (further) slope failures. The waste mass will be reshaped to optimise use of the available space and create additional airspace for new cells that will extend the site life for up to 4-6 years (without 3R/WtE). As the site will soon had a completed EIA (DLH), is zoned for landfilling, and is accepted by the surrounding community, this will provide the fastest option for future waste disposal requirements. Beyond rehabilitating the existing waste mass and infrastructure, extension works will include new sanitary landfill cells, leachate treatment system and associated infrastructure required to meet both GoI (U18-2008) and international sanitary landfilling standards. The extension works will include a sorting station to provide a safe working environment for waste pickers and to maximise 3R waste reduction. Space will be allocated for advanced waste reduction / waste to energy (alternative 4) which could potentially further increase the operating life of the site up to 20+ years through significant waste reduction processes. Addressing the existing condition of the site and extending within the existing boundary will be relatively expensive given the limited, 4-6 years (without 3R/WtE), potential extension capacity. However, it provides a rapid solution to the current problem and buys enough time for additional long term solutions, such as
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advanced 3R/WtE and/or expansion of the current site beyond its existing boundaries, or identification and development of a new site. Analysis result: Preferred option to immediately address current situation and provide sufficient extension life to develop longer term solution. Develop a New Landfill Site Developing a new landfill on a ‘greenfield’ site provides the opportunity to start from first principles and design a purpose built facility meeting the latest standards for sanitary landfilling specifically designed to match the operating budgets, capacity, and local conditions. A new site would ensure the City of Pandang and surrounding areas would have a long term (20-30 years) solution to meet SWM needs. Development of a new ‘greenfield’ site will take a minimum of three to five years, including the site screening and selection, pre & feasibility studies, EIA AMDAL and possibly an ESHIA, LARAP, Detailed Engineering Design (DED), tender, construction and commissioning. Identification, screening and selection of a new site will be extremely difficult as Padang is a heavily developed city with limited suitable sites and it is highly likely there will be significant resistance from surrounding communities opposed to the location of a new landfill in their vicinity, which could further delay the development of the site. During this process the existing Aie Dingin site will reach capacity with no further alternative for waste treatment and final disposal. The existing site will also still need to be properly remediated during the closure process to prevent long term environmental, social and public health impacts. Analysis result: Not most preferred option due to the long development time and need to address the current poor site conditions. May be required as a future option following redevelopment of the current site. Advanced Waste Reduction (3R) Composting, Waste to Energy Incinerator, or Digester An advanced waste reduction system including sorting and recovery station for recyclables and a thermal process waste to energy system, incinerator would provide an effective waste reduction solution which could reduce final disposal requirements to 60
472
567
1,039
6.5
Total
8,043
7,980
16,023
100
Dependency Ratio
Balai Gadang Village
62.8%
Koto Tangah Sub-District
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0 – 14
26,154
25,106
51,260
28.11
15 – 59
60,554
59,462
120,021
65.83
> 60
5,220
5,800
11,020
6.04
Total
91,928
90,368
182,301
100
0 – 14
120,904
116,442
237,346
25.9
15 – 59
308,233
309,415
617,648
67.5
> 60
27,893
32,021
59,914
6.6
Total
457,090
457,878
914,968
100
51.8%
Padang City
48.1%
Source: Koto Tangah Sub-District in Figure 2016 & Padang in Figure 2017
The table shows the dependency ratio in Padang is 48.1%. The dependecy ratio for the project affected area especially in Balai Gadang Village is 62.8% much higher compare to the sub-district (51,8%) and Padang itself. The dependecy ratio for the project affected area especially in Balai Gadang Village is much higher compare to the sub-district and district level. According to Pollard, Yusuf and Pollard (1978) this is categorized as heavy dependency which indicates that a greater burden is placed on the productive age group to support those young and old group (younger than 15 and older than 60). Local Economy 5.2.2.1
Gross Regional Domestic Product
The economic progress of a region can be reflected by its Gross Regional Domestic Product, which defined as the total value-added of goods and services produced in a year in a region. Information on GRDP is only obtained at the district level. Table 5-14 below illustrates the value of GDP in Padang in three consecutive years (2014-2016) based on the calculation at current prices. Table 5-14
Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at Current Prices by Industry in Padang, 2014-2016 (Million Rupiah)
NO
BUSINESS FIELD
1
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
2
2014
2015
2016
1,583,987.40
1,693,216.40
1,788,253.55
Mining & Quarrying
982,980.30
1,039,292.46
144,121.7
3
Processing industry
5,407,104
5,592,394.35
5,768,987.11
4
Provision of Electricity and Gas
35,868.60
37,412.10
41,421.82
5
Water Supply, Waste Management, Waste and Recycling
54,701.10
57,944.85
62,536.92
6
Construction
3,075,643.30
3,376,182.52
3,626,182,52
7
Wholesale and Retail: Repair of Cars and Motorcycles
5,754,235.20
6,053,051.92
6,289,759.62
8
Transportation and Warehousing
5,293,883.50
5,729,205.29
6,179,732.18
9
Provision of accommodation, foods & drinks
344,491.60
366,495.29
398,781.24
10
Information and Communication
2,666,740.40
2,904,687.41
3,147,374.49
11
Financial Services and Insurance
1,735,390.50
1,802,305.45
1,970,371.24
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NO
BUSINESS FIELD
12
Real Estate
13
Company Services
14
2014
2015
2016
1,038,888
1,106,680.89
1,159,316.47
490,930
520,886.14
558,849.34
Administration, Defence and Compulsory Social Security
2,026,367.40
2,100,344.27
2,205,016.04
15
Educational Services
1,428,340.10
1,547,775.52
1,696,276.84
16
Health Services and Social Activities
486,275.20
527,988.09
572,549.55
17
Other services
656,119.40
719,487.34
799,125.52
Total
33,061,946
33,175,350.27
37,358,319.79
Source : BPS Padang City 2017
Table 5-14 shows that the value of Padang GDP based on current prices during 2015-2016 grew significantly
by 12.60%, while during 2014-2015 seems stagnantly with growth 0.34% only. The wholesale and retail, particularly repairs of cars and motorcycles, was the most contribution to the Padang GDP in 2016 at Rp 6,289,759.62, following the transportation and warehousing at Rp 6,179.732.18. Meanwhile, the smallest sector’s contribution to the GDP of Padang were the provison of electricity and gas (Rp 41,421.82 million); water supply, waste management, waste and recycling (Rp 62, 536.92 million; and mining and quarrying (Rp 144.121.7 million) respectively.
5.2.2.2 Locally Generated Revenue (PAD) The regional Revenue Budget in Padang in the fiscal year of 2015 and 2016 was illustrated in Table 5-15 below. The table showed that there was slight decrease of the regional revenue in fiscal year 2016 compare to the one in year 2015. However, there was an increase of 18.6% for the locally-generated revenue in 2016 which can be interpreted as an indication of local economic progress in Padang. Table 5-15
Locally-Generated and Other Revenue, Padang 2015 – 2016
Description
Revenue/Year (000 Rp) 2015
2016
Regional Revenue Budget
2,071,126,010.24
2,000,873.481.496.00
Locally-Generated Revenue
402,035,190.680
476,983,714,816.00
Balance Funds
1,194,011,610.56
1,396,549,173,836.00
475,079,209.00
127,340,592,844.00
Other Revenue
Source: BPS – Kota Padang in Figures, 2016 & 2017
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Labor Force & Employment The Labor Force consists of the population aged 10 years and over who are working and those looking for work. People who are in school, taking care of households, or those doing other unpaid activities can be defined as non-labor force. Table 5-16 showed the number of residents by education level and gender in Padang who are seeking employment in 2016. It showed that the higher numbers of people looking for job are those who held university degree, namely 5,372 people, and be the biggest one if combined with the diploma 1-3 or equivalent (1,585 people), in the total of 58.93%. In the second rank are those who graduated from senior high school or equivalent (4,676 people) roughly 39,61%. Female job seekers are majority in university’s background level, while the reverse is seen in senior high school level. Table 5-16 No.
Unemployed Population by Education and Gender in Padang, 2016 Level of Education
Male (People)
Female (People)
Total (People)
Percentage (%)
-
45
64
0,54
1.
Primary School
2.
Junior High School or equivalent
69
37
106
0,89
3.
Senior High School or equivalent
3,002
1,674
4,676
39,61
4.
Diploma 1-3 or equivalent
589
996
1,585
13,42
5.
Bachelors Degree
2,069
3,303
5,372
45,51
Total
5,729
6,055
11,803
100.00
Source: BPS, Padang in Figure 2017
Livelihood and Economic Activities in the Project Affected Area 5.2.4.1
General Figure
The dominant employment area of Padang city dwellers aged 15 years and over based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Padang City in 2015 is the wholesale trader, retail, restaurant and hotel (130,244 people). The second rank is the work in the field of social services. Table 5-17 below illustrates the composition of employment field owned by the labor force in the city of Padang in 2015. The dominant employmnet area is classified based on the Indonesian Standard Classification of Business Field (Klasifikasi Baku Lapangan Usaha Indonesia) published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (2015). Workings included in the field of social services among others are education and health services, nursing home, etc. Table 5-17
Number of population aged >15 Years working based on Primary Working Area in Padang, 2015 PRIMARY WORK AREAS
GENDER Men
Agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishing Mining Manufacture Prepared for Government of Indonesia
TOTAL Women
14,026
2,550
16,576
1,573
67
1,640
11,452
9,933
21,385 67
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Electric, gas and water
2,393
584
2,977
Construction
31,174
751
31,925
Wholesale trader, retailer, restaurant and hotel
72,416
57,828
130,244
Transportation, warehouse and communication
23,168
5,318
28,486
9,600
6,116
15,716
44,584
43,222
87,806
Finance, Insurance, Rental building, land and corporate services Social services, social and private
Source: BPS Kota Padang, 2015
5.2.4.2 Project Affected People : Waste Pickers, Waste Buyers and Livestock Owners A social survey was conducted on 44 waste pickers, 31 non-waste pickers or residents living around the landfill, 5 waste buyers and 10 farmers or livestock owners. The household profile only includes waste picker respondents and residents living around the landfill. The following is an overview of the respondents' profiles of waste pickers and local residents. The number of waste picker respondents in this survey was 44 people, consisting of 27 men (61.4%) and 17 women (38.6%). The majority of waste pickers were Minang ethnic group (39 people / 88.6%), while the rest were Javanese (3 people/6.8%), Palembang and Sundanese (2.3%). All respondents are Muslims. Meanwhile, the composition of waste picker respondents by age is as follows: a total of 22 people (50%) aged between 41-60 years; 18 people (40.9%) aged between 21-40 years; the rest are less than 20 years or more than 60 years old. Table 5-18
Social survey respondent by gender, ethnicity and religion Gender
Ethnicity
Religion
Residency
Respondent Male
Female
Total
Minang
others
Moslem
Locals
Migrant
Waste pickers
27
17
44
39
5
44
33
11
Non-waste pickers
14
17
31
30
1
31
24
7
Total
41
34
75
69
6
75
57
18
The number of respondents from non-waste pickers in this survey was 31 people, consisting of 14 men (45.2%) and 17 women (54.8%); 96.8% are Minang people and are all Muslims. The composition of nonwaste picker respondents by age is as follows: a total of 22 people (50%) aged between 41-60 years; 40.9% are aged between 21-40 years; 2.3% were aged less than 20 years and over 60 years respectively, and 4.5% did not respond. Based on family status, 24 respondents (54.5%) of waste pickers respondent are head of households, 17 people (38.6%) were the wife, 3 (6.8%) were unmarried children. Similarly, the civil status of non-waste picker respondents comprised 51.7% of family heads and 48.3% of wives. Five of the total respondents are widows or female household head.
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Of the total 75 respondents in the survey, 57 (76%) were local residents of Padang, while 18 (24%) were migrants from outside Padang, including Javanese and Palembang.
5.2.4.3
Waste Pickers and Non-waste Pickers Income
The majority of waste picker respondents admitted their daily income from scavenging activities to less than Rp 100,000, and only 4 people (9.09%) earn higher than that. Of those who earned less than Rp 100,000 per day, 22 (50%) earned between Rp 61,000 - 100,000, and the remaining 18 people (40.91%) only earn between Rp 21,000 - Rp 60,000. As many as 26 people (59.1%) claimed to do the job of scavenging 7 days a week, as many as 8 people (18.2%) work 6 days a week, while the remaining 11.4% each work in five and four days a week. Meanwhile, the length of work in a day is quite varied. The majority of respondents (31 people / 70%) claimed to work scavenging between 1-2 hours a day, the rest varied more than 3 hours a day. The average total monthly income from scavenging activities is as follows. The majority of respondents (35 people / 79.5%) earned between Rp 1,000,000 - Rp 3,000,000 per month; as many as 8 people (18.2%) earned less than Rp 1,000,000 per month; and only one person who has income in amount of more than Rp 3,000,000. If the income from scavenging activities combined with other household income sources, it can be seen that 77.3% of respondents have total revenues of less than Rp 3,000,000 per month; and the remaining 22.7% have total revenues higher than Rp 3,000,000 per month. The above facts show that most waste pickers simply rely on their sources of income from scavenging activities in the landfill. A total of 86.4% of respondents did not provide answers on other sources of income. Several other respondents mentioned other sources of income from livestock, farming and working as laborers. Other economic benefits obtained incidentally by waste pickers from the landfill include wasted goods such as electronic goods, damaged cell phones, gold, money and used clothing. In addition, for locals who raise livestock, the landfill provides free food source from organic waste remnants. The majority of non-waste picker respondents admitted their daily income less than Rp 100,000; and only 19.4% are earning higher than that. Of those who earn less than Rp 100,000 per day, 35.5% earn between Rp 61,000 - 100,000; 35.5% only earned between Rp 21,000 - Rp 60,000; and the rest did not answer. The majority of non-waste picker respondents (80.6%) work 7 days a week. The number of non-waste picker respondents who earned between Rp 1-3 million per month was 61.3%, while those earning between Rp 3-6 million was 6.5%. The rest were those who earn less than Rp 1 million per month, and 9.7% did not answer the question. Meanwhile, as much as 54,% of respondents did not specifically answer their additional income sources. Those who answered, among others, mention the results of raising cattle, goats and chickens, also work as a handyman. As much as 61.3% did not respond to the benefits they received from the landfill. This means that most non-scavengers do not benefit directly from the landfill.
5.2.4.4
Waste Pickers and Non-waste Pickers Expenditure
Expenditures for family food occupy the biggest portion of the waste picker economy. A total of 45.5% respondents mentioned their expenses for food ranged between Rp 1,000,000 - 2,000,000 per month; another 45% between Rp 2,000,000 - 5,000,000 per month. The remaining 6.8% of respondents mentioned spending on food for less than Rp 1,000,000 per month.
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Meanwhile, the expenditure for housing is very low. About 84.1% of respondents did not answer the question about cost for housing. This is related to the fact that the majority of waste pickers live in their own homes.The rest ( 15.8%)spent monthly housing cost ranging from Rp 200,000 - 300,000. The majority of respondents (84.1%) also did not give answers on the amount of spending on clean water. This is related to the fact that they utilize free water sources such as wells and rivers. The remaining 15.9% of respondents mentioned their spending on drinking water ranged between Rp 10,000 - 50,000 per month. Waste picker households' expenditure for electricity costs is low. 63% of respondents mentioned spending less than Rp 100,000 per month; 25% of respondents mentioned between Rp 100,000 - 200,000; as many as 4.5% mention spending between Rp 200,000 - 500,000; while 6.8% did not answer the question. Expenditures for child education occupy the second highest proportion after expenditure for food. A total of 36.4% of respondents mentioned spending on education costs ranged between Rp 250,000 - 500,000; as much as 13.5% spent between Rp 500,000 - 1,000,000; 6.9% spent less than Rp 250,000 per month, and 4.6% spent more than Rp 1,000,000 per month. It should be noted that 38.6% of respondents did not answer the question. About 40.9% of respondents admitted monthly expenditure on health costs of less than Rp 100,000 per month. As many as 54.5% of respondents did not answer, which can be assumed not spending money for health treatment. Some respondents said they were using a free medical card from the government. Meanwhile, expenditures for other purposes are relatively low, even 68.2% of respondents did not answer the question. The rest paid for other spending less than Rp 100,000 per month. As many as 59.1% of respondents did not answer the question of whether they have current debt or not. This can mean they have no debt or do not want to tell about debt. Of the total respondents who gave answers, 25% claimed to have debts of less than Rp 1,000,000. The remaining approximately 13.7% have debts varying between Rp 1,000,000 -3,000,000. Of those who claimed to have debts, as much as 27.4% were indebted to waste buyers. The rest are owed to other parties such as neighbors, cooperatives, and also creditors. A total of 87% non-waste picker respondents mentioned their monthly food expenditure was in the range of Rp 1-5 million rupiah, while 9,7% of them spend less than one million. Expenditures for education vary widely, less than one million per month around 48.2% and over a million 6.2%, the rest not responding. The majority of respondents said they used the free health service facility from the government for healthcare costs. A total of 67.7% of non-waste picker respondents did not answer whether they have current debt. From a small percentage of respondents who answered, it appears that the most debt is to financial institutions such as banks and for motorcycle loans. 5.2.4.5
Assets of Waste Pickers
Almost all waste picker respondents working in TPA Aie Dingin work to collect garbage from plastic and metal materials. It corresponds to the type of material purchased by the collectors. Collecting used goods seems to be their main skill, as 77.3% of respondents did not respond when asked what skills they had. Only a small proportion of respondents mentioned their other skills as artisans, cooking, farming and fishing. The work of the respondents before becoming a waste picker in TPA Aie Dingin varies greatly. Approximately 27.3% of respondents work as laborers, 13.6% was farming, the other small varies such as mechanics, trade, livestock, looking for wood in the forest, and also drivers. About 25% of respondents Prepared for Government of Indonesia
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did not give an answer. Only 22.7% of the total respondents claimed to have a driver's license (SIM C), one person has driving license for large vehicles, while the other 75% did not answer. The majority of respondents have motorcycles (84.1%) of which 22.7% are still in credit status. A total of 13.6% of respondents did not answer the question about ownership of the vehicles. Meanwhile, most 75% respondents claimed to have no land, and only 18.2% claimed ownership, and 6.8% did not answer. Working as a waste picker is the best option for them, seen from 54.5% of respondents claiming not to be willing to choose a job other than waste picker. Nevertheless, 45.5% of respondents claimed to be willing to switch to another job.
5.2.4.6 Waste Buyers There are five waste buyers who run their business around TPA Aie Dingin. They open a stall or warehouse on the access road to the landfill. The five are local residents of Balai Gadang Village. The waste buyers who were respondents in the survey consisted of 4 women and 1 man. It is worth noting that one of the big waste buyers in the TPA Aie Dingin is Anwar Baily, the head of RT 03 / RW 09. He and his wife run their business collectively. Anwar Baily has a warehouse and a plastic counter machine outside the landfill area. Here is an overview of the survey results from five waste buyers, but not including Anwar Baily himself. Five waste buyers who responded to the survey had warehouses near the landfill area. Three of them have warehouses where the site is riding on the land belonging to their families, while the other two rent leaseholds. They buy goods from the waste pickers who work in the landfill. Those five waste buyers have a fairly variable monthly income, Rp 10,000,000 (1 person), Rp 15,000,000 (1 person), Rp 20,000,000 (2) and Rp 30,000,000 (1 person) respectively. There is no formal relationship between waste pickers and waste buyers, although their relationships have indicated the pattern of patron-client typology. In principle, waste pickers are free to sell their products to any wast buyers. Nevertheless, some waste buyers claimed to have some of waste pickers as their regular customers. One respondent mentioned he regularly bought the result of 65 waste pickers. To maintain good relationships with waste pickers, waste buyers usually bind them by providing assistance, loans, and also allowances on religious festivals. The waste buyers do not need to provide shelter for the waste pickers because all the waste pickers are locals owning their own homes. The economic of waste buyers are strongly depending on the existence of waste picking activities in the landfill. Any policy change related to the waste picker presence in landfill will also directly impacted the waste buyers. However, there are other opportunities for them to continue their business, for example by extending their customer to the street waste pickers collecting waste outside of landfill.
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Education & Skill Base 5.2.5.1 Education Facilities According to BPS source (Koto Tangah Sub-District in figure 2016), there are 167 school unit in this subdistrict including play group level, elementary school, junior high school and senior high school or equivalent. The total numbers of student are 25.234 people and 1,659 teachers. Table 5-19 lists the number of schools, students and teachers in study area, covering both the state and private schools in Balai Gadang Village, Koto Tangah Sub-District as well as the city of Padang. Table 5-19
Education Facilities in Study Area (Balai Gadang, Koto Tangah and Padang)
District and Village
Elementary School (SD)
Junior High School (SMP)
Senior High School (SMA)
Schools
Students
Teachers
Schools
Students
Teachers
Schools
Students
Teachers
Balai Gadang
13
2,355
120
2
1,399
103
1
705
62
Koto Tangah
65
17,051
253
11
5,490
456
7
2693
308
Padang
417
95,717
5,479
113
45,934
3,375
91
45,651
3,883
Source: BPS. Koto Tangah in Figure 2016 & Padang in Figure 2017
The table showed there are 13 elementary schools, 2 junior high schools and 1 senior high school in Balai Gadang Village that serves the educational needs for the residents of this urban village. Those facilities are relatively easy accessible and close to the settlements.
5.2.5.2
PAP Education Profiles
The level of education of respondents from waste pickers groups varied considerably. Majority of respondents (56.8%) had attended junior high school (SMP) level either graduated or did not finish; as many as 25% higher than junior high school. There are 11.4% of elementary school-educated ones; and 6.8% did not answer the question. Similarly, about 59% of non-waste picker respondents had attended junior high school or equivalent; 31% higher than junior high school, 6% of elementary school and the rest did not answer. Educational facilities are also available within a relatively easy reach, varying from less than 1 kilometer from the settlement to 4 kilometers or more, depending on the choice of the intended school.
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Landuse Koto Tangah Sub-District has the widest area between the 11 sub-districts in Padang (23,225 hectars or 33.42%) and Balai Gadang Village, where TPA Aie Dingin located, is the largest among 13 urban villages in Koto Tangah Sub-District (10,690 hectars or 46.02%). This sub-district covers some forest areas in Bukit Barisan mountain, part of the region are protected and conservation forest. Table 5-20 below illustrated in details of land utilization in Koto Tangah Sub-District based on BPS source (Koto Tangah Sub-district in Figure 2016). Table 5-20
Land Utilization in Koto Tangah Districts, 2015
No.
Land Use
Area (Ha)
Percentage (%)
1.
Housing
1,176
5,06
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10
Dry field
93,00
0,40
Shifting cultivation
63,00
0,27
Grass land
91,00
0,39
Conserved forest
10,325,90
44,46
Protected forest
9,391.10
40,44
Plantation
309.00
1,33
Paddy field
1,290.00
5,55
Fallow/unused land
44,00
0.18
Others
437,00
1,88
Total
23,220.00
100
Source: BPS Padang in Figure ,2017
Balai Gadang Village has the largest area in Koto Tangah Sub-district, but with the lowest population density (150 people/square kilometer). The largest part of the Koto Tangah sub-district consists of protected forest area (see Table 5-19 above) and included in Balai Gadang Village area. This area is not accesible by the local population for economic purposes. In addition to housing and social facilities, the lands in Balai Gadang Village are used for agricultural activities (growing rice, vegetables and fruits) and raising livestock (especially cattle, goat, chicken, duck and fish). This agricultural acitivities are easily found surrounding the TPA Aie Dingin. 5.2.6.1
Livestock and Landfill
A typical scene in the TPA Aie Dingin is the presence of hundreds of cattle in the landfill area. It is not known exactly how many cattle are there. One thing for sure is the fact that all these animals live from consuming organic waste in the form of vegetable, fruits and others that are transported by garbage trucks from the city. The cows and the waste pickers immediately sort out the newly arrived and disposed of waste in the landfill. The activities of raising livestock (especially cattle) are mainly done by local people by utilizing organic waste in the landfill as source of feed. Cattles were released to the landfill site in the morning and taken back to the cage in the afternoon. The livestock owners are local residents nearest to the landfill site, mostly RW 09 Air Dingin residents who are on the access road to the landfill. Cattle and goats go in and out of the landfill area through the main gate through which garbage trucks pass. Some cattles are jointly
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owned by outsiders acting as investors with a profit-sharing system with local residents serving as custodians. Description on cattle raising activities in the landfill was obtained from ten livestock owners selected as survey respondents, 4 male and 6 female. Some of those respondents also working as waste picker, officers in the landfill, farmers, and stall owners around the landfill. Of the ten respondents, five are raising cattle only, while the others have a combination of cow, goat, duck and chicken. The ten respondents currently raise 146 cows, with varying amounts per person. Three of them g consecutively owning 62 , 32 and 19 cows. Meanwhile, 5 out of 10 respondents also raise goats with a total of 71. Two out of 10 respondents also raise 650 ducks totally. All cattle looking for food in the landfill as most goats do, while ducks are kept in the cage without feeding from the landfill. Religion The majority of population in the city of Padang, Koto Tangah Sub-District as well as in Balai Gadang Village are Muslims. The number of prayer houses (mosque and musholla/small mosque) in Koto Tangah SubDistrict based on BPS 2016 figure are 33 units. Social Culture 5.2.8.1
Societal Organization
Administratively, the residents of Balai Gadang Village are divided into neighborhood groups called Rukun Warga (RW) and Rukun Tetangga (RT). The number of households in this urban village are 4,006 and they distributed into 14 RW and 52 RT. Each RT is headed by an RT headman. This figure is chosen among the member of RT residents. In addition, in the Minangkabau region there is an institution called KAN (Kerapatan Adat Nagari), which refers to the traditional territorial structure. This institution is also available in Balai Gadang Village , and serves as a body that deals with issues related to customary rules. However, there is no enough information collected primarily relating to the existence of this institution in the study area. 5.2.8.2
Norms and Cultural Aspects
The majority of local residents in Koto Tangah Sub-District and Balai Gadang Village are ethnically called Minang people. Minang are known as a matrilineal group that determines kinship and inheritance based on maternal or female lineage. They recognize the term of pusako randah (low heirlooms) and pusako tinggi (high heirlooms). The high heirlooms are properties like land and houses where inherited over generation, which could not be sold or given to others except to girls. Traditionally, women are the owners of heritage in Minangkabau, but the management is governed by figures referred to as ninik-mamak, the uncle or the mother's brother. Decision-making process in the household as well as the extended family is usually made by the mother or daughter and ninik mamak. However, in nowadays modern life, especially in urban areas such as Padang, the traditional system has gradually changed. Normatively, the Minangkabau adat or customs could not be separated from the teachings of Islam. The Minang communities recognize a populous slogan that describes the blend of adat and Islam, namely 'adat basandi syara', syara’ basandi kitabullah ' that means their customs are based on Islamic rules and Islamic rules are based on the Holy Qur'an. However, However, the principle is not fully applicable in the Minangkabau inheritance system since in this matters the Minang people still prefer the traditional adat rules. One of the traditional customs that is still held by the Minangkabau residents in the study area is the traditional wedding ceremony. The wedding party is usually held at home on Saturday, following an Prepared for Government of Indonesia
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Islamic wedding ceremony conducted at the mosque the previous day. In addition, Minangkabau language is used dominantly in daily conversation of the local residents at home as well as public places. 5.2.8.3 Culture and Social Process The figure of the head of RT (Rukun Tetangga/neighborhood) is the best known local leader by majority of the waste pickers (47.7%). The head of the RT is the lowest formal leader in the administrative structure of the village administration. One of the RT's head at RW 09 Air Dingin is an influential figure among waste pickers, as he is a waste buyer who collaborate with about 50 waste pickers in the TPA Aie Dingin. Apart from the head of the RT, no other prominent public figures in the respondents' answers, even 31.8% of respondents did not provide specific answers. Approximately 6.9% of waste picker respondents named the head of the TPA Aie Dingin as a public figure they knew. In a very small proportion of respondents called lurah, sub-district head, religious leader and police as community leaders. The head of the RT is also the most popular non-waste picker (38.7%), while other names are scattered in small proportions. The presence of community leaders was viewed by 36.4% of waste pickers very helpful in solving the problems they faced, but less helpful according to the assessment of 22.6% of non-waste pickers respondents. Approximately 35% of waste pickers and non-waste pickers did not respond to the role of community leaders in solving the problems they faced. Although in small proportions, waste picker respondents mentioned that the assistance provided by community leaders to them is usually related to economic problems (11.4%) and family problems (11.4%). While non-waste picker respondents mentioned assistance from community leaders related to business and family issues (9.7%). A total of 56.8% of waste picker respondents answered no and 29.5% said they did not know about the existence of NGOs that actively assist the community in solving their problems. As many as 64.5% of nonwaste pickers responded that no NGOs were active in the community, and another 29% said they did not know. This confirms the explanation of the informants interviewed that there is no active NGOs been concerned with the issue of environmental health and waste pickers' life in the city of Padang.
5.2.8.4
Cultural Heritage
Archeological sites, historical relics and objects or historic buildings as well sacred sites conserved by a community are normally defined as the cultural heritage. This kind of heritage is protected and maintained by the state or the regional government due to their priceless historical values. Based on the field survey conducted in Balai Gadang Village and especially the site adjacent to the TPA Aie Dingin, there is no information captured about the existence of such cultural heritage. This means that the planned development of TPA Aie Dingin will not interfere any of cultural heritage.
Public health 5.2.9.1
Health Facilities and Health Care Human Resources
There are 28 hospitals, 22 public health centers, 62 additional public health centers, 898 maternal & child health centers, and 230 drugstores available for health services in the city of Padang. Health facilities are spread across all sub-districts. Table 5-20 below show the number of health facilities available in Padang, in Kota Tangah sub-district as well as Balai Gadang Village in particular. There are two hospitals in the subdistrict of Koto Tangah but none in Balai Gadang Village. One of four public health centers in Kota Tangah is located in Balai Gadang Village, namely the Air Dingin Public Health Center. It is the nearest health
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facility accessible for local residents in the study area, located about 1.2 kilometers south of TPA Aie Dingin.
Table 5-21
Public Health Facilities in the study area
HOSPITAL
PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER (PUSKESMAS)
ADDITIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER (PUSTU)
MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH CENTER (POSYANDU)
DRUG STORE
Kota Padang
28
22
62
898
230
Koto Tangah SubDistrict
2
4
11
167
128
Balai Gadang Village
0
1
1
18
3
DISTRICT AND VILLAGE
Source: BPS. Kota Padang in Figure 2017 & Koto Tangah Sub-District in Figures 2016
Meanwhile, the distribution of health care human resources in the City of Padang, Koto Tangah Subdistrict and Balai Gadang Village is presented in Table 5-21 below. There are three general practitioners and three dentists but none specialist doctor providing health services in Balai Gadang Village/Air Dingin Public Health Center. Table 5-22
Total Health Care Human Resources in Study Area Doctor
Location Kota Padang Koto Tangah Sub-District Balai Gadang Village/Aie Dingin Public Health Center
Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA)
Nurse
Midwife
573 22
275 55
275 60
0
6
14
23
0
Specialist
Dentist
General Practitioner
Total
410 0
55 12
108 10
0
3
3
Source: BPS, Kota Padang in Figure 2017 & Koto Tangah Sub-District in Figure 2016
5.2.9.2
Disease Profile in General
The number of patient visits at Air Dingin Public Health Center in 2015 reached 48,537 consisting of 18,062 new cases and 30,475 old cases. That number increased from the previous year (2014) which amounted to 31.188 cases. The Table 5-23 below illustrates the number of patient visits at the Air Dingin Public Health Center based on the kind of disease in 2015. Table 5-23 NO.
Number of Patient at Air Dingin Public Health by kind of Disease 2015 TYPE OF DISEASE
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PERCENTAGE (%)
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1
Upper respiratory tract acute infections
3,327
22,4
2
Other upper respiratory tract acute infections
2,934
19,7
3
Dermatitis and eczema
1,276
86,2
4
Rheumatism
545
8,5
5
Gastritis
1,259
8,4
6
R.A/OA
545
3,6
7
Essential hypertension (primary)
645
4,3
8
DM
16
0,1
9
Unexplained fever
856
5,7
10
Allergic
761
5,1
11
Asthma
2,180
14,7
12
Fungi
132
0,8
Total
14,850
100
It can be seen in the table above that highest case is dermatitis and eczema (86,2%) followed by upper respiratory tract acute infections (22,4%) and other upper respiratory infections (19,7%). The fourth highest rank is asthma at 14,7%. As a comparison with the cases in district level, the ten top rank kind of diseases in Padang in 2016 (see https://padangkota.bps.go.id/linkTableDinamis/ view/id/195) are respectively as follows : Upper respiratory tract acute infections (99,546 cases), essential hypertension (47,902), gastritis (35,484), rheumatism (32,765), dermatitis and eczema (22,288), diabetes mellitus (22,523), allergic skin disease (20,428), common cold (19,484), unexplained fever (15,525) and others (13,645).
5.2.9.3
PAP Disease Profile
Survey result shows the most common complaints of waste pickers are unexplained fever and flu (43%), upper respiratory tract accute infection (6,9%) and fatigue (6,8%). Meanwhile, headache was the most common painful suffered by waste-pickers in the last three months (29,5%), followed by fever and flu (13,7%), cough and upper respiratory tract accute infection (6,9%).
5.2.9.4
PAP choice of medical treatment
The community health center (Puskesmas) in Koto Tangah Sub-District is the main choice for waste pickers and non-waste pickers to seek treatment. 63.6% of waste pickers and 87.1% non-waste pickers placed Puskesmas as the primary choice. This is related to the distance of health facilitation which is relatively close to their residence, as seen from the answer of 77.3% waste pickers and 83.9% non-waste pickers. The majority of respondents from both groups mentioned the distance of the nearest health facility from their home was only between 0-1.5 kilometers. However, there were approximately 20.5% of waste pickers who chose to seek treatment at the clinic or hospital, while non-waste pickers were 3.2% only who chose clinics and hospitals. Another option is to see a general practitioner or traditional healer. Most of the waste pickers (68.2%) and non-waste picker (40.9%) did not provide specific answers about the type of chronic illness they suffered. This could mean that they do not have any kind of chronic illness or are reluctant to give an answer. However, some of them mention some common types of diseases such Prepared for Government of Indonesia
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as fever, flu, cough, and diarrhea. Similarly, to the question of the type of illness that respondents suffered in the last month, most of the waste pickers (40.9%) and non-waste picker (48,4%) did not give specific answer. A total of 29.5% of waste pickers and 22.6% non-waste pickers complained of headache (dizziness) in the last three months. The rest in small portions there are complaining of fever, flu, cough, diarrhea, and others. Both waste pickers and non-waste pickers in the amount of more than 87% did not provide answers on the types of infectious diseases.
Environmental Sanitation Conditions 5.2.10.1 General Figure Valuation of the number and scope of environmental health facilities provides an overview of environmental sanitation conditions of an area. Environmental sanitation, good or bad, will affect the public health status of a region. Aspects of basic environmental sanitation observed include the number and scope of clean water sources, family toilets, SPALs, and trash disposal. Two constitutive tables below illustrates an overview of wastewater services coverage by sub-district in Padang (Table 5-24) and the waste management system by sub-district in Padang for the year 2015 (Table 5-25). It can be seen from the table above that the study area (Koto Tangah sub-district) is the second highest number of households in rural area still using open defecation and shared pit/unsafe septic tank, even the highest one in urban area.
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Table 5-24
Overview of Domestic Wastewater Services Coverage by Sub-District in Padang Unacceptable Facilities Onsite System
Open Defecation No
Sub-district (Kecamatan)
Acceptable Facilities
Individual Based
Offsite System Neighborhood / Centralized
Communal Based
(KK)
Shared Pit, Unsafe Septic Tank (KK)
Family Latrine with Safe Septic Tank (KK)
Public Toilet / Shared Latrines (KK)
Public Toilet++ (KK)
Communal WWTP (KK)
Communal Septic Tank (KK)
Household Connections (KK)
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
A
RURAL AREA
1,705
6,952
1,259
-
421
-
-
-
1
Bungus Teluk Kabung
1,017
3,399
331
-
216
-
-
-
2
Lubuk Kilangan
48
436
306
-
-
-
-
-
3
Pauh
284
711
-
-
18
-
-
-
4
Koto Tangah
356
2,406
621
-
187
-
-
-
B
URBAN AREA
13,841
131,031
54,923
-
2,263
-
-
-
1
Bungus Teluk Kabung
284
1,560
40
40
2
Lubuk Kilangan
600
6,153
3,474
3
Lubuk Begalung
1,649
19,446
3,864
4
Padang Selatan
387
7,795
5,091
5
Padang Timur
252
9,428
7,889
6
Padang Barat
187
7,076
3,198
7
Padang Utara
132
7,857
8,955
8
Nanggalo
1,070
9,809
3,076
9
Kuranji
2,606
23,065
5,783
10
Pauh
3,752
11,153
2,991
-
-
-
-
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Unacceptable Facilities Onsite System
Open Defecation No
Sub-district (Kecamatan)
Koto Tangah
Offsite System
Individual Based Shared Pit, Unsafe Septic Tank (KK)
(KK)
11
Acceptable Facilities
2,923
Family Latrine with Safe Septic Tank (KK)
27,690
Neighborhood / Centralized
Communal Based Public Toilet / Shared Latrines (KK)
10,562
Public Toilet++ (KK)
Communal WWTP (KK)
Communal Septic Tank (KK)
Household Connections (KK)
-
-
-
169
-
Source: Padang City Sanitation Strategy Update 2016-2020
Table 5-25
Waste Management System by sub-district in Padang Sub-district
No
Coverage Volume Total Population
Waste Generation
(People)
(m3)
(%)
(m3)
(%)
(m3)
(%)
(m3)
(%)
(m3)
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
(Kecamatan) 2
1 A
RURAL AREA
1
Bungus Teluk Kabung
3
Management Institution
3R
Uncovered
Landfill
16,996
33,992
70,4
29,107
68,4
N/A
N/A
-
-
Lubuk Kilangan
3,906
7,812
7,4
4,519
4,6
N/A
N/A
-
-
4
Pauh
3,510
7,020
5,3
-
-
N/A
N/A
-
-
5
Koto Tangah
12,423
24,846
7,0
-
-
N/A
N/A
-
-
B
URBAN AREA
-
-
N/A
N/A
-
-
1
Bungus Teluk Kabung
2 3
7,141
14,282
29,6
11,348
26,7
N/A
N/A
2,083
4,9
-
Lubuk Kilangan
48,851
7,812
92,6
60,513
61,5
N/A
N/A
33,345
33,9
-
Lubuk Begalung
115,286
230,572
100
93,618
44,6
N/A
N/A
116,123
55,4
-
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Sub-district No
Coverage Volume Total Population
Waste Generation
(People)
(m3)
(Kecamatan)
Management Institution
3R (m3)
(%)
Uncovered
Landfill
(%)
(m3)
(%)
(m3)
(%)
(m3)
4
Padang Selatan
59,038
118,076
100
64,751
56,8
N/A
N/A
49,191
43,2
-
5
Padang Timur
78,975
157,950
100
40,758
26,9
N/A
N/A
110,836
73,1
-
6
Padang Barat
45,846
91,692
100
15.204
17,1
N/A
N/A
73,893
82,9
-
7
Padang Utara
70,252
140,504
100
70.737
53,7
N/A
N/A
60,872
46,3
-
8
Nanggalo
59,654
119,308
100
71,143
62,8
N/A
N/A
42,219
37,2
-
9
Kuranji
138,584
277,168
100
155,829
61,3
N/A
N/A
98,459
38,7
-
10
Pauh
63,151
126,302
94,7
77.144
59,1
N/A
N/A
46,917
35,9
-
11
Koto Tangah
166,033
332,066
93,0
222,638
67,1
N/A
N/A
86,168
26,0
-
Source: Padang City Sanitation Strategy Update 2016-2020
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5.2.10.2 PAP Environmental Sanitation Condition The majority of waste pickers (68.2%) live in self-owned homes, as many as 15% live in rented homes, 11.4% reside in family homes, and 4.6% report living in parent/inheritance homes. Waste pickers living in villages with primary sources of clean water are wells (75%) and river (9.1%). Only 15.9% of waste picker respondents utilized clean water sources from the piped water supply provided by the government. Water sources are close to their homes because the majority of waste pickers utilize water sources from wells or rivers. Most of the waste pickers' respondents had their own bathrooms / toilets (75%), 4.6% used the river or rode with others; while 20.5% of respondents did not give an answer. Meanwhile, 63.6% of respondents have a private power connection, and 31.8% get electricity from their neighboring power grid. But there are also claiming to have no electrical connection to his home at all (4.5%). A total of 64.5% non-waste pickers live in self-owned homes, 22.6% are rented and 9.7% share the family homes. The majority of non-waste pickers get water from the well (51.6%), the rest from the pipeline water (36.7%) and the river (9.7%). Meanwhile, 90% of respondents said they have a private power connection, and 9.7% connect from neighbors. As many as 77.5% of non-waste pickers have bathrooms in their homes. 5.2.10.3 Perception on Environmental Hygiene 68.2% of waste pickers and 61.3% non-waste pickers assessed the environmental condition surrounding their settlement was clean and comfortable. However, as many as 22.7% of waste pickers and 35.2% non-waste pickers actually assess their environment is less clean or slum. Meanwhile, 9.1% of waste pickers and 3.2% non-waste pickers did not answer or care about the environment.
Perception of Waste Pickers and Residents around the Landfill Health&Environmental Aspects and Management Plans of TPA Aie Dingin
on
the
This section describes the waste pickers' responses and the people around the TPA (categorized as non-waste pickers) on the health, environmental and landfill projects planned. 5.2.11.1 Perception on Landfill Management Projects A total of 77.3% of waste pickers and 70.9% of non-waste pickers said they did not know and never heard information about the planned improvement of TPA Aie Dingin management, while another 20.5% of waste pickers and 29.1% non-waste pickers claimed to have heard of the plan. Nevertheless, of those who answered had heard of the plan, most did not give an answer about the source of the information. As many as 11.4% of waste pickers get information from the government officials in the landfill, and 45% others get information from their friends. Non-waste pickers were informed by the government/staff of TPA Aie Dingin (16.1%) and from friends (9.7%). In relation to the socialization of the landfill management plan, 52.2% of waste pickers and 45.1% nonwaste pickers answered did not know and never participated in the project socialization activities, and 47.7% of waste pickers and 54.8% non-waste pickers gave no answer. The majority of waste pickers and non-waste pickers admitted to not knowing and never been consulted about the plan to manage
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TPA Aie Dingin. They also do not know / do not answer who were related to those carried out the socialization of the project. 9.2% of waste pickers and 6.4% non-waste pickers responded that the socialization was conducted by the government/landfill managers. The waste buyer respondents admitted that they are still interested to be as waste buyers even though the TPA Aie Dingin will be renewed. Three respondents said it would be possible to close the warehouse if the renewal of landfill management is done, while two other respondents answered they have no any plan. All livestock owners are not aware of the steps they will take if the livestock breeding in the landfill would be prohibited sometime in the future. . Some respondents thought to stop raising livestock, because they would not be able to provide food if cattle were only kept in cages. A small proportion of respondents thought they would continue the livestock business by reducing the number of cows to be maintained. A number of local informants and community leaders interviewed related to the future presence of cattle in the landfill area expressed their hope that cattle remain allowed entering the landfill. One locals said: "If the third party managing TPA Aie Dingin and not allowing livestock to be there, there will be a big problem. There must be a good solution for local community”.
5.2.11.2 Community Complaints There are several types of public complaints related to landfill management identified from this survey. From waste pickers there are complaints related to the smell of rotting garbage, dust and air pollution (50%), traffic disturbance (4.5%) and complaints of itching in the skin (2.3%). But as many as 36.4% others did not give an answer. Meanwhile, the most prominent complaints from non-waste pickers were the smells and dust that emerged from the landfill (74.2%) and traffic disturbance (16.1%). Another 9.7% did not provide an answer. Despite the complaints mentioned above, both waste pickers (75.0%) and non-waste pickers (67.7%) did not answer whether they submitted the complaint to the authorities. Not giving an answer can mean they do not submit their complaints to the authorities. Of the waste pickers who complained, only 4.6% conveyed it to the landfill manager, while the rest were complained to co-workers, neighbors, village officials or others. Meanwhile, from non-waste pickers who submitted the complaint, they submitted it to the landfill manager (9.7%) and to the village officers (9.7%) and other parties. In general, both waste pickers and non-waste pickers responded that their complaints had not been directly addressed by the authorities. In relation to the plan to improve the landfill management, both waste pickers (86.4%) and non-waste pickers (96.8%) alike approved the plan. Of the waste pickers there were 9.1% who disapproved and 4.5% did not respond. A total of 65.9% of waste pickers and 77.4% non-waste pickers did not provide answers to their expectations for future landfill improvement. Interestingly, the waste pickers who provide answers, their various expectations arise, among others, so that the landfill still provide opportunities for them to make a living (18.4%). Another hope is that the landfill is cleaner, more comfortable, and better management. Meanwhile, among the non-waste pickers of hope that arises among others is that the smell of waste can be reduced, better management, cleaner and more comfortable.
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Traffic & Transportation 5.2.12.1 Road Road is the most important aspect for land transportation in supporting the economic activities. In 2016, road with good condition in Padang City has the length of 1.360,35 km? In addition, the road in Padang City has moderate condition with the length of 256,32 km and road with broken condition has the length of 480,19 km. 5.2.12.2 Land Transportation In 2016, the total number of vehicle in Padang City is 395,632 units comprises of sedan, jeep, minibus, microbus, bus, pick up, light truck, truck, and motorcycle. The number of sedan, jeep, minibus, microbus, bus reaches out 89,854 units. While heavy vehicle such as pick up, light truck, truck has the number of 26.307 units. There are 279,471 units of motorcycle in Padang City in 2016. Moreover, the number of vehicle in Padang City in 2016 showed decreased in comparison to 2015 from 530,896 units to 395,632 units. 5.2.12.3 Air Transportation Padang City has air transportation infrastructure which is Minangkabau International Airport. The airport has four garbarata connecting the terminal with the aircraft. Minangkabau International Airport stands on an area of 4,27 km² with a runway along the 3000 meters with a width of 45 meters. Domestic and international flights are served by a 20.568 m² terminal, with a capacity of around 2.3 million passengers per year. By 2017, the airport will be expanded to two stages up to 49,000 m². With the development, it will be able to accommodate about 5.9 million passengers per year. 5.2.12.4 Sea Transportation Padang City has sea port infrastructure which is Teluk Bayur Sea Port in order to support economic activities. Number of Passengers of embarking and disembarking at Teluk Bayur Padang in 2016 are 563 and 24 passengers, respectively.
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6
ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS RELATED TO DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECTS
This chapter details the assessment of the main impacts associated with the Project and elaborates on various IFC PS requirements: Green-House Gases (GHG), biodiversity; land acquisition and economic displacement; cultural heritage; and Indigenous Peoples. 6.1
Pre-Construction
The Planning Phase includes land acquisition activities, site studies and surveys, feasibility and design studies, and various planning activities for the construction and operation phases. Land Acquisition Landfill expansion, rehabilitation and modernization require the acquisition of immediate land to the landfill. The process of land acquisition most of the times bring about community perception and to a greater extent lead to social tension and conflict if not properly managed and implemented. Rehabilitation and modernization of landfill will be implemented in the existing landfill area in Balai Gadang Village of about 18 Ha and no land acquisition is required. The Project is designed to accommodate current livelihood activities related to waste management in and around the Landfill including livestock activities that will be managed and regulated in a better way. No economic displacement takes place as the result of the Project activities. There is no need to develop a Land acquisition, Resettlement and Livelihood Restoration Plan at this point in time. Cultural Heritage Field surveys to date indicate that the Project location contain no tangible cultural relics or objects, that is historic buildings or sites, or paleontological, cultural, or archaeological sites. As such no impacts on cultural heritage are anticipated. Community Perception Negative perceptions may arise if the communities are not well informed regarding the project. In general, the survey results show a good and positive response from local residents around the TPA Aie Dingin on landfill improvement plans. However, some residents, especially cow breeders, fear that their cows will not be allowed to find food in the landfill. To mitigate such concerns and also to anticipate the emergence of negative issues regarding landfill development plans, the project needs to develop stakeholder engagement plans, conduct public consultations and disseminate project information to stakeholders, particularly to potential affected persons. In addition, grievance mechanisms need to be developed from the outset as a medium for potential affected groups to convey their concerns, grievances, complaints and even to ask question regarding the project. Indigenous People The project site is located in Padang, the capital of West Sumatra Province, a plural city consisting of various ethnic groups. However, as the host population in this area, Minang culture is quite dominant in everyday social life. Balai Gadang Village where TPA Aie Dingin located is also a plural society that
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has been mixed, assimilated and open. Hence, in this respect, there are no impacts on indigenous people as described in the criteria of international standard, i.e. IFC PS 7 on Indigenous People. Contamination of Land due to Poor Handling, Storage and Accidental Spill of Chemical and Petroleum Products from the Geotechnical Work During the planning phase of the project, there will be geotechnical investigation activities which aim to understand the subsurface condition of the Project Area. These activities include the field work continues with the laboratory testing of the representative samples. The fieldwork (site investigation) commences from the stage of preliminary design of the project/structure. The main stages of the site investigation include detail geological-geotechnical, geophysical surveys, mapping, drilling and sampling of mainly core recovering boreholes, excavation of test pits and trenches and the performance of in-situ tests on the soils, i.e. shear strength test, compressibility test, permeability tests, SPT tests and others. Potential negative impact of the geotechnical field work may occur due to the potential of oil & lubricant spill also the material/equipment leakage, particularly due to the drilling activities. There will be potential of change in soil chemistry causing soil quality degradation. Several procedures should be taken in order to minimize the impact to the soil and water by preventing potential cross contamination. Contaminated land contains substances that have an adverse effect on human health and environment. It becomes a problem in an agricultural land, or when the contaminated land is close to residential areas and water bodies. When petroleum products percolate into the soil, they have the potential to block the oxygen supply from the surface, thereby killing microorganisms in the soil. As soil becomes infertile, the agricultural crops may be damaged and production may decrease. Contamination of Shallow Aquifer due to the Accidental Spill of Chemical and Petroleum Products from the Geotechnical Work Specifically for this case, contamination of shallow aquifer are considered as the derived impact of the contaminated land. It can be occured when when the hazardous waste infiltrates into the groundwater, then be transported to another location. The impact of oil spills to groundwater depends on the quantity of the spill and the ground pathway to the shallow aquifer. Petroleum products are persistent and mobile. A small quantity of spilled oil could result in localized groundwater pollution. Due to its lower density than water, petroleum pollutant stays on the upper layer of the water body. During the rainy season, groundwater levels are shallower than during the dry season, thus the vertical travel time is shorter and the extent of a spill is more significant during the rainy season. Sometimes, it can be carried by the water flow to contaminate downstream land area. The chemical and petroleum product can percolate into shallow groundwater, but it is expected that the impact would be highly localized as the activities of geotechnical work will be temporary and it is expected that the contamination would degrade over time. As groundwater flow direction is not known at this stage, the most significant impact would be the dispersement of the pollutant to community wells. The impacted population will be the residents and construction workers who abstract water from polluted wells. Surface Water Quality Degradation due to Spill of Petroleum and Chemical Product from the Geotechnical Work During the drilling phase, petroleum products such as gasoline and diesel fuel are needed. Poor storage of these products has the potential to contaminate watercourses. At certain downstream points where water is abstracted for irrigation or as a drinking water source, it can cause health problems. Accidental release of oil and chemical products may not be a significant issue since the
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activities is temporary and relatively small scale which also can be managed by applies the procedure geotechnical work. 6.2
Construction Phase
In most of the Projects including the development of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Area, most of the significant impacts, both negative and positive, occur during the Construction Phase. Dust from the Site Clearing, Digging, Filling, Material Handling and Road Transportation Dust emissions will be produced during the land clearing/preparation phase and during construction activities as a result of traffic on the access roads. Land clearing activities will produce dust fall which is classified as TSP. Cleared land will result in dust generation during all construction activities if not controlled. Any activity taking place on cleared land areas, such as material movement and site grading will generate dust. The dispersion of dust will depend on wind magnitude and direction. Dust generation is expected to have the greatest impact during the dry season when there is less precipitation available to control dust. Mobilization of materials and equipment activities during the construction phase has potential to cause air quality degradation and it is influenced by blown wind. Dust can be brought from friction of vehicle tire with the unpaved road. Intensity from vehicle movements increase the dust spread along the transportation route, especially on dry and unpaved area. During mobilization activities, sensitive receptors include people adjacent to the roads and potential to be exposed by dust penetration into upper respiratory system. It’s also affected to the vegetation around the site through which will be traversed by vehicles and especially vegetation adjacent to the cut and fill work. Dust will have significant impact to the vegetation according the type and in general can change in plant growth, increased transpiration, and permeability and blocked the stomata during photosynthesis process. Furthermore can cause leaf fall and die because from lack of nutrition. It also potential to cause nearby buildings/properties dirty by the dust and if it’s not managed properly can lead to public negative perceptive. The risk of dust generation is increased by loss of vegetative cover, a loose, dry and smooth soil surface, large barren areas, equipment movement and strong winds. In construction, the most familiar result of dust generation is the receipt of complaints from community members living near the construction area. For them, air borne dust will be predominantly a visual nuisance; long-term exposure to construction dust and associated health impacts will not occur. Clearly, dust is more an issue for construction activities in seasonally dry areas. Dust controls will focus on (1) stabilizing exposed surfaces and (2) minimizing activities that potentially suspend dust particles. For heavily trafficked areas such as access roads to active construction areas and for disturbed areas (e.g. land clearing areas), wet suppression (watering), gravel or asphalt surfacing, and equipment wash down areas will be employed as dust control measures as practical. Stabilization of disturbed sites upon completion of earthworks will be also important. Disturbed land areas will be stabilized through revegetation. Although the main objective of revegetation is to reduce water erosion, reducing wind erosion will be also important.
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Emissions from Operation of Energy Power Diesel Generation for Construction Purposes, Vehicle and Commisioning of the ITF Mobilisation and construction activities will associated to construction traffic, heavy equipments and other heavy vehicles such as tractors, graders, excavator, lorry and dump trucks also the operation of energy power diesel generation. This will result in emissions of the fossil fuel combustion pollutants. The primary pollutants excessed from this reaction comprise of CO, CO2, SO2, NO2, N2O, VOCs and HC. After construction finish, there will be a commisioning activity of the ITF prior the operation phase. The commissioning of the ITF such as anaerobic digesters and Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) production will also emit emissions from direct stack and fugitive associated with biological processes. Direct emissions can include bioaerosols, particulate matter/dust, ammonia, amines, VOCs, sulfides and odour. The sensitive receptor of emissions from vehicle, machinery operation and power generation are adjacent dwelling at Balai Gadang Village, people who work nearby the construction area and worker which involved for each activities. However, the activity are occurred temporary during construction. Odour from the Rehabilitation Work of Existing Landfill Cell The rehabilitation works of old dumping and landfill cells potentially increase odour (H 2S) concentration in the ambient air. For the aims of further developments, civil works has potential to reopen the old dumping to be exposed and generates odour in to the ambient air. H 2S in the air will quickly break down into H2O and SO but exposure to low concentrations of H2S in the term will have an impact on respiratory health problems, headaches and chronic cough. H 2S is also known potential in the formation of acid rain. Thus, although the concentration of H2S is still below the air quality standard but still need to be managed to avoid disruption of public health and high of H 2S concentrations can be toxic. The odour impact is unlikely prevented but can be minimize by develop and implement a working plan to control and minimize odour. Noise & Vibration Increase due to Construction Activities Throughout construction all reasonable attempts will be made to comply with Minister of Environment Decree No 48/MENLH/11/1996 on Noise Standards for residential and natural areas and with local regulatory requirements (South Sulawesi Governor Regulation No. 69 of 2010). Measurements in Semester I 2016 indicate that the ambient noise levels in the Project area reach the maximum noise level at 64.1 dB(A), above the threshold standard for settlement areas and high enough to make additive noise an issue. Throughout Construction all reasonable attempts will be made to comply with Minister of Environment Decree No 48/MENLH/11/1996 on Noise Standards for residential and natural areas. Measurements in August 2017 indicate that the ambient noise levels in the Project area were still measured at 54.1dB(A). While construction noise will be generated noise level will reduce to relevant guidance values at the nearest receptors. Although the existing noise level were still lower than the threshold value; It should be noted that the residential areas located adjacent to TPA Aie Dingin. Noise level increase due to the construction activities is likely causes noise disturbance for the communities nearby. Vibration may occurred due to the civil works activities particularly construction of waste transfer stations, waste sorting and segregation facilities. Operation of construction equipment cause ground vibrations which spread through the ground and diminish in strength with distance. Building founded on the soil in the vicinity of construction site respond to vibration. Ground vibration from construction activities very rarely reach the level that can damage the structures, but can achieve the Prepared for Government of Indonesia
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audible and feelable ranges in buildings adjacent to the Project Area. Mitigation measures that can be implemented by operates the earthmoving equipment on the construction lot as far away from vibration-sensitive sites as possible. Surface Water Erosion due to the Construction Activities Surface water erosion is an ongoing natural phenomenon. It can be accelerated or intensified if either the natural slope angle is increased, if the vegetative ground cover is removed or the surface is disturbed. Construction activities do all these. Potential targets of significant erosion are any areas with changes to natural topography and any cleared land surface. Access roads, including road embankments and road cuts and fills, and spoil piles are especially susceptible to erosion. Impacted areas of surface water erosion are limited to those in close vicinity to the construction areas. Erosion is considered as the indirect impact from surface runoff. The surface water erosion will results in increased turbidity, downstream aquatic ecology deterioration (loss of biota and less of biota production). This also impact the agricultural land located to the southeastern direction from the Project Area. The two key principles of water erosion management are to sustain soil cover and hence to fence off erosion (erosion controls), and to control water quality through the reduction of sediment loads if erosion occurs (sediment controls). The first principle is a priority, since prevention is always better than cure. Erosion management will be part of construction design and construction water management. Consideration is given to the hydrological and geologic attributes of the Project area. For example, revegetation of temporarily disturbed areas as soon as possible minimizes the extent of disturbed land at any one time, significantly reducing total erosion. Erosion control and management of runoff during construction is well understood, and will be environmental performance criteria for the selected EPC Contractor. Leachate Generation from the Rehabilitation of Old Dumping and Landfill Cell Additional impact from the existing landfill, the rehabilitation of old dumping and landfill cell may also impact the water quality through leachate contamination. There are possibilities that the leachate will flows to the surface water bodies without prior treatments as there will be an activities of old dumping removal and replacement to the temporary dumping areas. Data taken from 2015 monitoring shows the surface water quality at the downstream of leachate treatment plant outfall. BOD was detected at 10 mg/L which is higher than the threshold value of 3 mg/L and TSS was detected at 89 mg/L, which is also higher than the threshold value of 50 mg/L. The threshold values based on the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 59 Year 2016. It is predicted that the activities of construction particularly rehabilitation of the old dumping and landfill followed by the construction of new facilities will have high impact on water quality. Leachate which flows to the surface water potentially causing additional impacts such as eutrophication and acidification of surface water and contamination of water supplies. Solid Waste Generation due to Demolition Work and Construction During construction phase, demolition and construction works will generate solid waste varies from bricks, scrap wood, metals and concrete. Domestic solid waste will also be produced, most likely in the form of food waste, plastic and food packaging, from workers during construction. Waste, especially domestic waste, will be generated continuously during the months of construction period. As the project location is located in landfill, non-hazardous solid waste can be disposed directly to
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landfill unloading area. Prior to disposal, solid waste shall be separated at source where possible, to minimize contamination and maximize potential for reuse and recycling of materials. Demolition and construction work has potential to produce hazardous solid waste, such as contaminated soil due to oil spill, oily rags, container of petroleum based product, wall paint can and spill cleanup materials from oil and fuel spills. When then generation of hazardous solid waste is unavoidable, it shall not be disposed directly to landfill. Mitigation measure that can be applied include the installation of temporary hazardous waste storage within the site to be further collected regularly by licensed third-party. Release of Litter due to the Rehabilitation of Old Dumping and Landfill Cell Normally, the rehabilitation of old dumping and landfill cells involves landfill mining activity. The old dumping will be excavated and temporarily transferred to the designated area while the construction of environmental facilities is being conducted in the old cell. The release of litter is potentially occurred due to wind, vehicles and vermin, where it will contribute to transmission of diseases and adversely affecting wildlife and neighbouring communities. Biodiversity and Habitat There is potential that landfill construction can negatively impact biodiversity and habitat condition, which can be achieved through land clearing and habitat loss. As described in the baseline, the project area is located near a natural vegetation area. However, there may not be any significant impact on biodiversity and habitat due to landfill construction. Considering that the landfill is already located at a relatively dense human settlement area, there may not be a lot of wildlife to speak of in the vicinity of the project area. Therefore, the impact magnitude of landfull construction on biodiversity and habitat may be very minor or none. Traffic Increase during the Construction Activities Impact on traffic & transportation during the construction phases that may occurs: (1) additional traffic due to the mobilization and demobilization of equipment, materials and personnel during civil work activities and (2) temporary traffic disruptions due to access road rehabilitation activities during the demolition works. Materials delivery for construction of the project will utilize the existing road corridor and will utilize local roadways closer to the project components. Project activities have the potential to result in increased traffic on existing roadways. Indirect impact of the traffic increase will related to the public/pedestrian safety issue and the noise increase. This has the potential to result in significant impacts to the existing road systems if unmitigated. Community Health & Safety Construction activities will give impact to the community health and safety issue. There is one possible impact identified that will disrupt the community surrounding the project footprint which is vector disease (flies, rats, etc) due to the civil work. The civil work will specifically cover the activities of rehabilitation/remediation works of old dumping and landfill cells (including access roads). The old dumping and landfill cells may become the nest of all vectors such as flies, rats, etc. The pile of wastes in the landfill facilities will become the source for vectors to grow. In addition, uncontrolled dumping or landfill attracts rats, flies, and other insects that can transmit diseases. If the number of vectors are
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abundance or not well managed, it will lead to diseases for the surrounding community on the project footprint. Furthermore, those vectors might affect the community in term of health and safety which is known as vector borne diseases such as such as malaria, dengue, schistosomiasis, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and onchocerciasis. According to WHO, Vector-borne diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens and parasites in human populations9. The risk of vector borne disease will be greater by the low awareness of this issue by the community and improper mitigation. The community in the surrounding environment is at risk of vector borne diseases due to the civil work of rehabilitation/remediation of old dumping and landfill cells. Thus, Integrated Vector Management (IVM) should be implemented to avoid and mitigate risk to the community. Referring to WHO, IVM is a rational decision-making process for the optimal use of resources for vector control. The approach seeks to improve the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, ecological soundness and sustainability of disease-vector control. The ultimate goal is to prevent the transmission of vectorborne diseases such as malaria, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis and Chagas disease10. As such by implementing IVM, the risk to the community health and safety of vector borne disease can be reduced or eliminated. To the greater extent, there are five elements that may become the key factor for success in implementing IVM as stated in the following: •
Advocacy, social mobilization, regulatory control for public health and empowerment of communities;
•
Collaboration within the health sector and with other sectors through the optimal use of resources, planning, monitoring and decision-making;
•
Integration of non-chemical and chemical vector control methods, and integration with other disease control measures;
•
Evidence-based decision making guided by operational research and entomological and epidemiological surveillance and evaluation; and
•
Development of adequate human resources, training and career structures at national and local level to promote capacity building and manage IVM programmes. Occupational Health & Safety
The civil work for rehabilitation/remediation works of old dumping and landfill cells (including access road) will give impact to the workers working on the project site. It is known that construction activities are classified as high risk activities in term of occupational health and safety. The occupational health and safety risks that may interfere the workers include:
9 10
•
Workplace incident/accident;
•
Lost time injury which will decrease productivity;
•
Lack of training that may lead to an increased risk of accidents moreover fatality;
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs387/en/ (accessed on August 29th, 2017) http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/vector_ecology/ivm_concept/en/ (accessed on August 29th, 2017)
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•
Failure to equip workers with PPE that will lead to workplace incident/accident;
•
Injuries and/or fatalities related to: o
Falls from heights due to improper installation and use of formwork/ scaffolding/ stairways / railings;
o
Falling materials;
o
Inappropriate use and maintenance of heavy construction machinery and equipment;
o
Carrying heavy loads;
o
Exposure to air pollution, noise, other harmful substances;
o
Ergonomic; and
o
etc.
The above identification of occupational health and safety issues are the risks to the workers during construction activities. Lack of comprehensive understanding of occupational health and safety requirement for construction activities may cause fatality. Thus, a project must have a proper Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) in place in accordance with Indonesian Laws and Regulations and International Standard. The effective implementation of ESMS through socialization and capacity building of each ESMS elements for both contractor and workers will create a safety culture as measure to eliminate fatality on the construction site. Besides, the effective implementation of ESMS will avoid any occupational ill covering serious and fatal diseases, physical effects on skin, breathing, hearing, mobility and functioning, and psychological effects on mental wellbeing. Therefore, the occupational health and safety risk will greatly reduce by implementation of ESMS. Workforce and Construction Activities Impacts on Host Communities Labor recruitment for construction phase may possibly cause positive and negative impacts. The positive impacts as the results labor recruitment is potential increase of local economy and community’s income. This positive impact can be managed and implemented through identification of local goods and services that can be procured locally and by encouraging project’s contractors to use qualified local goods and services provider. Potential negative impacts as the result of labor recruitment is social jealousy between migrant and local workers, potential conflict with local community, increased crime rate, disease, cultural clash. These potential impacts can be managed through a number of measures, i.e. to organize and implement local cultural induction to migrant workers and to organize health and safety induction to all workers; create communication forum that consists of project and community representation and to establish and disseminate grievance mechanism to affected communities.The communication forum serves as one of the tools to solve any issue arise as the result of project activities. Other source of social impact resulted from project activity during the construction phase is the mobilization and demobilization of equipment, materials, and personnel during civil works activities. Negative impact might possibly take place which is community negative perception and social tension. To avoid and mitigate the impact, the Project will develop and implement proper transportation management plan that includes the usage of material cover during material transportation and/or perform dust control by spraying water on the streets and roads when mobilization is performed
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especially during particular hot day (dry season) twice a day (noon and afternoon). Socialization about the mobilization and demobilization activities will be carried to affected communities and dissemination and implementation of Project’s Grievance Mechanism. Installation of Intermediate Treatment Facilities (ITF) - Installation of equipment / advanced technology options (anaerobic digesters and refuse-driven fuel production) may potentially raise negative community perception as they do not understand whether or not the technology pose health impact on them. Proper consultation and socialization of the technology with its positive and negative impacts will be carried out to potentially impacted communities including the timing and operational schedule. Grievance mechanism will be put in place and disseminated to affected communities should the community have complaints on technology. Economic Impacts During the construction phase, the operation of heavy equipment in the landfill will take place intensively. The existence of livestock in the landfill can disrupt construction works. A temporary ban on the presence of cattle in the landfill may be applied, and this may cause economic consequences for livestock owners. Economic consequences can also be experienced by waste picker and waste buyers who depend on landfill income sources. On the other hand, construction work that requires the mobilization of labor can also have a positive impact on the economy of local population if access to construction works is opened to them. 6.3
Operation Phase
Impacts of municipal solid waste disposal during operation are largely related to air quality and odor, noise generation, water quality, and visual impacts. Vehicular Emissions from Waste Collection & Transport; and Waste Receipt, Unloading, Processing & Storage In accordance to the development of the Municipal Solid Waste Facilities and the improvement of the waste transportation services, there will results the increase of vehicular emissions. It include the emissions of the additional mobilization and demobilization of waste pick-up trucks and personnel during the waste transport activities. As well as the typical emissions of the fossil fuel combustion, it will excess some pollutants in the ambient air such as CO, CO2, SO2, NO2, VOCs and HC. The meteorology conditions were dominated by Southwesterly wind direction with wind speed ranges from 5.3 to 5.4 knots for the last four years (2013-2016). Wind speed will affects the distance and time of air pollutant dispersed. The sensitive receptor of emissions from vehicle are adjacent dwelling of the waste transport route also the workers. Air Emission and Odour from Waste Collection & Transport; Waste Receipt, Unloading, Processing & Storage; ITF Operation; and Landfilling Generally the municipal solid waste will emmit dust, bio-aerosols, and odors. It will impact the nearby communities particularly who lives nearby the waste transportation route and the workers. Bioaerosols are of particular concern to the health of waste workers and have been show to be the source of reduced pulmonary function and increased respiratory disease for those in immediate proximity to waste sweeping and collection activities.
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Once solid waste dumped into the landfill it will be subjected to series of reactions. Initially the waste is aerobically and the main reaction products are carbon dioxide gas and water. This stage takes several days to week. With the progress of degradation, the oxygen is depleted and the degradation converted into anaerobic. As waste decompose in the landfill, landfill gases will be generated due to the anaerobic degradation of the organic fraction of the waste. Gas will start to be given off within few weeks of the waste deposition and will continue to be emitted even after the site closure. The main components of the landfill gas are methane and carbon dioxide. Both of methane and carbon dioxide are GreenHouse Gases (GHG’s), which contribute to global warming phenomena. In addition, the methane gas is a potentially flammable and explosive gas for a concentration of 15% of the air volume. Furthermore, some of the gases that can be produced as a result of anaerobic degradation are hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Baseline ambient air quality data on August 2017 shows that all of the parameter on ambient air include the parameter of SO2, NO2, CO, O3, HCl, H2S, NH3, Pb, PM10 and TSP were still lower than the threshold value in accordance to the standards for air quality by Indonesian Government Regulation No. 41 of 1999 on Air Pollution Control. However, there were no measurement of odour conducted. Impact on odour annoyance is inevitable during the activity of waste collection & transport; waste receipt, unloading, processing & storage; itf operation; and landfilling. It will impact the workers and the communities nearby at the Balai Gadang Village. Noise & Vibration Increase from the Waste Receipt, Unloading, Processing & Storage The noise level and vibration increase is likely to occur during the waste receipt, unloading, processing and storage activities which specifically comes from the truck traffic, loading equipment (e.g., cranes, wheeled loaders), stationary compactors, balers, grinders, and other treatment and conveyance systems. Data from the Padang City DLH shows in 2017 36 units of dump truck and 45 units of arm roll truck transports waste from waste source and TPS (MSW temporary disposal) widespread allover Padang to TPA Aie Dingin. Inside the TPA area, 4 units of bulldozers and 2 units of excavators are operated daily for landfill operation. Measurements in August 2017 indicate that the ambient noise levels in the Project area reach the maximum noise level at 54.21 dB(A), below the threshold standard for settlement areas. Due to the condition of noise level which almost reach the threshold for settlement area, the further development of TPA Aie Dingin is likely to have moderate to high impact for noise and vibration within the Project Area. Noise increase will affect the workers and local residents at Balai Gadang Village. Surface Water Quality Degradation due to Leachate Contamination The surface water quality is likely to be decreased due to contamination from leachate. Landfill leachate contains dissolved constituents derived from the interstitial water of the disposed waste as well as its degradation products. It also may contain some suspended solids, including pathogens. If not collected and treated, leachate can migrate from the landfill and causes: (1) Direct contamination to soil; (2) Groundwater contamination through infiltration; and (3) Surface water contamination trough water flows to the water body. The surface water quality nearby the outfall of the LTP shows the exceedance on the parameter of BOD, COD, pH and TSS in accordance to the Government Regulation No. 82 Year 2001 for Water Class II. The ratio of BOD/COD were lower than 1 which indicates that most of the pollutant on the wastewater can’t be degraded biologically.
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Additional contamination of leachate in the surface water will degrade the surface water quality. Degradation of surface water will impact the aquatic biota in the river also the communities utilize the surface water for several purposes such as drinking water source, irrigation and fisheries. The most impacted communities are anticipated to be the villages located downstream of the TPA Aie Dingin. Hazardous Waste Generation from the Landfill Operation Government of Indonesia categorizes waste as hazardous waste if the waste material has one or more of the following characteristics: explosive, ignitable, reactive, infectious, corrosive, and/or toxic. Government Regulation No 101 of 2014 (GR 101/2014) on Hazardous Waste Management lists the wastes which are considered as hazardous waste. Several aspects of landfill operation may generate hazardous waste in the process, i.e. sludge from leachate collection and treatment, soot from landfill gas capture, as well as oil/fuel spill from heavy equipment workshop and operation of supporting facilities. Although sludge and soot from landfill is not listed as hazardous waste in GR 101/2014, both sludge and soot are derived from a mix of municipal solid waste which may unknowingly contain hazardous materials. Hazardous constituents in landfilled waste can potentially migrate from the landfill in leachate or gas phase and therefore the sludge and soot must be treated as hazardous waste as well. Meanwhile the operation of heavy equipment during operation phase may pose the risk of oil/fuel spill in the workshops which is listed as hazardous waste category 2 in the regulation. Overfills, vehicle accidents, and tank failures can lead to releases of oil or fuel to the environment. Improper hazardous waste handling has the potential to release organic and inorganic pollution into the environment. Releases of pollutants can impact human beings through various pathways including direct inhalation of dust, pathogens and gases, direct ingestion of contaminated water and ingestion of crops contaminated with polluted irrigation water. This potentially impact the workers in the TPA. For rivers, streams and irrigated areas, poor leachate treatment potentially damaging the river ecosystems. This impact will unlikely occur if it managed properly and the company provide the designated hazardous waste temporary storage area and corporate with license contractor to treated this waste. Release of Litter during the Operation of Landfill During operation phase of landfill, potential release of litter most likely occurs due to due to wind, vehicles and vermin during the waste collection and transportation from waste source to landfill, waste unloading in landfill and waste placement and tipping in landfill cell. Litter will contribute to transmission of diseases and adversely affecting wildlife and neighboring communities. The most impacted communities will be the resident of Balai Gadang Village. Visual Impact from the Waste Collection, Transport, and Landfilling Potential of visual impact usually occurs during the waste collection and transportation and landfill operation. Poorly handling of waste collection and transportation will disturb the visual of communities along the collection route from the service coverage area to landfill. Furthermore, landfill operation will include waste tipping in designated cell. Without being properly managed as sanitary landfill which includes application of cover soil (daily cover, intermediate cover and final capping) and development of buffer zone, waste tipping activity will be exposed to the surrounding area and will attract the pest, particularly flies. Besides increasing the chance of disturbance on worker and community health, it will also negatively affect the visual impact to the local surrounding and
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passerby. Sensitive receptors include workers and people living nearby the TPA Aie Dingin Area. This impact is considered as inevitable and will result in an alteration to the existing landscape. Aquatic Biota There is potential that landfill operation can negatively impact aquatic biota condition, which can be achieved through leachate pollution. Leachate will inevitably disrupt aquatic life through promoting acidic pH and heavy metals. In addition, this mixture usually has high biological oxygen demand (BOD), which would quickly de-oxygenate water. Oxygen depletion, together with high acidity and toxicity, would create a harsh environment for major aquatic species. This may be an issue in TPA Aie Dingin as it is located near connected water bodies. Although the area surrounding the TPA Aie Dingin is densely populated, the landfill may be the only place that produces leachate in the area. Therefore, the effect of leachate pollution may be significant. Biodiversity and Habitat There is potential that landfill operation can negatively impact biodiversity and habitat, which may occur due to poor management. Poor management in landfills have been reported in other areas where it caused a sudden surgence of species population (Osterback et al. 2015). A study in California’s Monterey Bay have identified the rise of the Western gull population due to increased food waste, which subsequently endangers the population of steelheads as the balance between predator and prey becomes imbalance. There may not be any significant impact on biodiversity and habitat due to landfill operation. In the case of the TPA Aie Dingin, the landfill vicinity is already dense with human population. Therefore, there may not be a lot of wildlife to speak of in the area. Subsequently, the impact magnitude of landfill operation towards biodiversity and habitat would be very minor or none. Traffic Disruption due to the Operational Activities Impact on traffic and transportation during operation phases that may occur include (1) additional traffic due to mobilization and demobilization of waste pick-up trucks and personnel during the waste transport and (2) traffic disruption due to waste transport activities. Transport route should be well planned and informed to the local community to mitigate any impact on traffic and transportation. The traffic management plan should be developed and implemented to ensure minimal traffic disruption. Waste transport vehicles in the Project area will only be permitted to use the roads and required to operate at specified speeds. Barriers will be installed around the demolition works area to prevent spreading of dust to local community. Traffic signage must be installed to avoid any accident. Community Health & Safety The community health and safety risk from operational phase is identified in the leachate collection and treatment activities. The activity will give impact to increase on water borne diseases due to contamination of un-treated leachate in the water bodies. Leachate is liquid that has dissolved or contained environmentally harmful substances that may then enter the environment. In this context, leachate is a liquid that drains from dumping of municipal solid waste or landfill facilities. The water that passed through the solid waste became contaminated; it contains many organic chemical. The
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physical appearance of leachate when it emerges from a typical landfill site is a strongly odoured black, yellow or orange coloured cloudy liquid. The smell is acidic and offensive and may be very pervasive because of hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur rich organic species such as mercaptans. The leachate from the collection and treatment facilities may contaminate surface water which is Tallo River and groundwater if it is not properly managed. Once the surface water and groundwater are contaminated by leachate, it will be difficult or have the least possibility to be used for consumption and other use. It will increase risks to the community who consume the water contaminated leachate which lead to pose of water borne diseases. Water borne disease is a disease caused by various bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. The types of water borne diseases include diarrhea, gastrointestinal illness, etc. As such, leachate treatment plant must be maintained and operated in proper manner following the Standard Operational Procedure (SOP). Moreover, frequent monitoring on surface water and groundwater must be conducted to monitor the water quality in accordance with local and national Indonesian Laws and Regulations. Occupational Health & Safety During the operational phase, re-employment of waste pickers in landfills will give risks to the waste pickers or workers itself. It is due to lack of knowledge on occupational health and safety and site condition. The occupational health and safety risks that may interfere the waste pickers include: •
Incident/accident during waste picking activities;
•
Lack of socialization and training that may lead to an increased risk of accidents moreover fatality;
•
Failure to equip waste pickers with PPE that will lead to incident/accident such as injured by the sharp and heavy waste materials and risk being killed or severely injured by moving equipment;
•
Injuries and/or fatalities related to: o
Falls or slip or trip;
o
Carrying heavy loads;
o
Falling from height (top of pile of wastes);
•
Exposure to odour, noise, toxic substances, pathogen, other harmful substances;
•
Ergonomic; and
•
etc.
There is no firm and exact number of waste pickers who work in TPA Aie Dingin. Landfill Office registered 131 waste pickers with copy of family certificate as the basis for registration. If the number of waste pickers rising up, proper management must be implemented to avoid any fatality on the landfill facilities. The waste pickers may increase occupational health and safety risk for themselves due to low awareness of health and safety issues. Waste pickers may have injuries from temporary to permanent due to unsafe working environment in the landfill facilities. Moreover, they are not equipped with personal protection equipment to protect themselves from any harmful working environment.
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Community Perception A number of activities during operational phase might potentially cause positive and negative impact on waste pickers and community. Reemployment of waste pickers to sort waste in the landfill will potentially bring about positive impact on the waste pickers. This is the case because majority of the waste pickers expect that the development of landfill should not prevent them from scavenging. In fact, waste picking is the main source of income and livelihood to majority of waste pickers currently working in the landfill. The reemployment of waste pickers should be communicated and consulted with relevant stakeholders. Any complaints and issues regarding the reemployment of waste pickers can be channeled through existing Grievance Mechanism. The Project is expected to further develop local economy through waste management industry. More business opportunities will be created around the Project location in Balai Gadang Village and surrounding villages adjacent to Project Area. The operation of TPA Aie DIngin is also expected to strengthen social cohesion of the community around the landfill between waste pickers and surrounding communities and between local community and in-migrants. This positive impact is expected to take place throughout operational period. Mobilization and demobilization of filling materials during operational phase might potentially pose negative community perception. To mitigate this impact, proper transportation management should be implemented and socialized to affected communities. Grievance Mechanism will be implemented effectively to accommodate and follow up community complaints and build trust from the community on the whole process of landfill operation including the transportation of filling material. The most impacted communities as the result of mobilization and demobilization are those in Balai Gadang Village and other communities living near the main road used for filling material transportation. Another thing that needs to be noticed in the case of TPA Aie Dingin is the presence of cattle in the garbage dump. A dialogue, understanding and agreement between the landfill manager and the livestock owners are needed, whether the presence of livestock is still possible in the area of garbage disposal. Survey results indicate that livestock owners vary among others waste pickers, waste buyers, landfill operators, and other residents. The economic contribution of cattle business is significant as an additional income for local residents. Therefore, arrangements on this matter need to be done well and wisely to reduce social risks and possible economic risks. Economic Impact In the operational phase, landfill management activities will resume normally. The presence of waste pickers working in landfills, as well as cattle relying on feed there, will be largely determined by policies made by landfill managers. If the presence of waste pickers and livestock is still permitted, local people can benefit from the landfill area. If no longer allowed, it will have a negative impact on their economy. One alternative solution that can be considered is to recruit and train some waste pickers to assist operational workers managed by landfills, such as compost or plastic processing, operating dump trucks, etc. 6.4
Closure Phase
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Excess Emission from Landfill Solid waste generation at the closure year will be accumulated from the first time that the landfill been operated. The solid waste generation will aldo increase periodically due to the increase of the population. As the typical composition of solid waste in Indonesia, most of the solid waste generated in TPA Aie Dingin comprise of the rotting garbage which can be biologically degraded. Landfill gas (LFG) is a natural by product of the decomposition of organic material in landfills. LFG is composed of roughly 50 percent methane (the primary component of natural gas), 50 percent carbon dioxide (CO2) and a small amount of non-methane organic compounds. Those excess emission will be regularly emitted during the operation of the landfill, the post closure, until all of the constituents are degraded. Emission of the landfill gas should be managed to minimize the ambient air quality degradation not only during the operation of the landfill but continuously after the closure and post-closure phase. As described in the previous analysis of landfill gas emission during the operation phase, the excess emission particularly odour annoyance may impact the communities live at the nearby settlements areas of Balai Gadang Village. Decreased Erosion Rate due to the Closure Phase The closure of landfill through final capping with soil cover and revegetation will reduce the volume of run-off through infiltration and decrease the erosion rate. To optimize the positive impact on this issues; several mitigation measures that can be applied through the closure plan in accordance to the Ministry of Public Work Regulation No. 3 Year 2013. Surface Water Quality Improvement due to the Landfill Closure Closure and post closure planning should take place as early as possible which specifies the necessary environmental objectives and controls also the future land-use. The Ministry of Public Work Regulation No. 3 Year 2013 stated that the land use for post closure of the landfill should be green open space and should revegetated with non-food crops. During the landfill closure, there will be a compaction and covers the open dumping. Rain water precipitation to the ground then run-off to the dedicated drainage systems and flows to the nearby water bodies. Due to the decrease of leachate generation, the surface water quality will gradually improve. It will have the positive impact on surface water quality also indirect impact on the aquatic biota in the river. Visual Impact Land utilization after landfill closure is designated as open green space as stipulated in Minister of Public Work Regulation No. 03/PRT/M/2013 on Implementation of Waste Infrastructure in Household and Similar Household Type Waste Management Paragraph 70 Article (1). Landfill closure will involve revegetation of the dumping site after final capping is being conducted. Therefore, revegetation will positively impact the visual of landfill surrounding area. Vegetation in landfill must be maintained regularly by conducting pruning and fertilization every 3 months and watering plants, especially during dry season.
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Biodiversity and Habitat Decommissioning of the TPA Aie Dingin will impact positively on the biodiversity and habitat. Closure activities that will positively impact biodiversity and habitat are revegetation and rehabilitation. The landfill closure will bury all food waste that has potential to drive pests into the landfill. In addition, revegetation of fast-growing species such as grass and cover crops will contribute to the betterment of the wildlife habitat. In addition, the final aim for the TPA rehabilitation, this will inevitably contribute to biodiversity and habitat restoration. Potential of Landslide during the Closure Phase The potential of landslides during the closure phase is likely to occur due to the unstabilized waste dumping, high moisture levels, and over-steep slopes. As the area in South Sulawesi including the Project Area were considered as the non-earthquakes prone area which can potentially causes landslide; it is unlikely that there will be high impact as long as closure plan implemented in accordance to the design criteria. Occupational Health & Safety Cell capping is the activities to close the landfill facilities through heavy work. It involves engineering and restoration layer using heavy equipment and machineries. During the closure and after use of landfill facilities, cell capping will give occupational health and safety risk to the workers during the activities. The occupational health and safety risks that may interfere the workers include: •
Workplace incident/accident;
•
Lost time injury which will decrease productivity;
•
Lack of training that may lead to an increased risk of accidents moreover fatality;
•
Failure to equip workers with PPE that will lead to workplace incident/accident;
•
Injuries and/or fatalities related to: o
Falls from heights due to improper installation and use of formwork/ scaffolding/ stairways / railings;
o
Falling materials;
•
Inappropriate use and maintenance of heavy construction machinery and equipment;
•
Carrying heavy loads;
•
Exposure to air pollution, noise, other harmful substances;
•
Ergonomic; and
•
etc.
The above identification of occupational health and safety issues are the risks to the workers during cell capping activities. Lack of comprehensive understanding of occupational health and safety requirement for closure of landfill or cell capping activities may cause fatality. Thus, a project must have a proper Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) in place in accordance with Indonesian Laws and Regulations and International Standard. The ESMS must include the Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for Closure and After Use Phase. The Working Instruction (WI) as the derivative of the SOP must clearly describe the steps to properly conduct closure or cell capping. The
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effective implementation of ESMS through socialization and capacity building of each ESMS elements for both contractor and workers will create a safety culture as measure to eliminate fatality during closure phase. Besides, the effective implementation of ESMS will avoid any occupational ill covering serious and fatal diseases, physical effects on skin, breathing, hearing, mobility and functioning, and psychological effects on mental wellbeing. Therefore, the occupational health and safety risk will greatly reduce by implementation of ESMS particularly elements for closure phase. Work termination and decreased local economy The closure of landfill will affect waste pickers, livestock breeders and other stakeholders whose livelihood and income depend on the landfill. It will also decrease local business revenue although it is expected by the time the landfill is closed other business activities have grown around the project area. To mitigate the impact of landfill closure on waste pickers, waste collectors and other impacted stakeholders, proper consultation and socialization of the landfill closure plan will be made at the latest 6 months prior to the closure of the landfill. Early announcement and socialization is preferred to give the affected stakeholders time to prepare and transition from their current profession. Where possible, the Project should help the affected stakeholders such as to disseminate information about new work or business opportunities.
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6.5
Impacts & Mitigation Measures Matrix Source of Impact
Possible Impacts
Aspect
Proposed Impact Management Measures
Pre-Construction Phase Investigation, design and analysis of investments in equipment or technology
No impact
N/A
N/A
Dissemination of information regarding project activities to waste-pickers and potentially affected peoples
Negative perception and/or social tension
Community perception
Stakeholder engagement plan that include public consultation and Proper dissemination of information to affected communities. Establish Grievance Mechanism at PIU level.
Site investigations (including soil, water, air, noise, odour, biodiversity, etc.) also topographic and geotechnical surveys
Potential contamination from drilling investigations
Soil & Water Quality
Develop and implement drilling management plan.
Coordination between related institutions
No impact
N/A
N/A
Increase in community’s income (labor for civil works activities), temporary economic spinoff effects
Workforce & Construction Activities Impacts on Host Communities
Identification of goods and services that can be provided by local suppliers. Encourage contractors to use qualified local goods and services providers.
Social jealousy between migrant workers with local workers
Workforce & Construction Activities Impacts on Host Communities
Establish and disseminate grievance mechanism to affected communities. Create communication forum that consists of project and community representation
Potential for migrant labor conflict with local community; crime, disputes, cultural, disease
Workforce & Construction Activities
Organize and implement local culture induction to migrant labor
Construction Phase Labour recruitment activities
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Source of Impact
Possible Impacts
Aspect
Proposed Impact Management Measures
Impacts on Host Communities
Organize and implement Health and safety induction to all workers. Establish and disseminate grievance mechanism to affected communities. Create communication forum that consists of project and community representation
Mobilization and demobilization of Equipment, Materials, and personnel during civil works activities
Negative perception and/or social tension
Community perception
Develop and implement transportation management plan that includes usage of material cover during material transportation and/or perform dust control by spraying water on the streets & roads when mobilization is performed during a particular hot day (dry season) twice a day (noon and afternoon). Stakeholder engagement plan that include public consultation and Proper dissemination of information regarding mobilization and demobilization. Establish Grievance Mechanism at PIU level.
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Increase of dust concentration (TSP) in the air
Air Quality
Noise
Noise
Stabilizing exposed surfaces Minimizing activities that potentially suspend dust particles. For heavily trafficked areas such as access roads to active construction areas and for disturbed areas (e.g. land clearing areas), wet suppression (watering), gravel or asphalt surfacing, and equipment wash down areas will be employed as dust control measures as practical Maintain site roads in good condition to reduce noise and vibration from vehicle movements. Utilize the vehicle that has pass the emission test.
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Source of Impact
Possible Impacts Traffic congestion and site access disruption
Aspect Traffic & Transportation
Proposed Impact Management Measures An evaluation of the transport route should be undertaken to mitigate any impact on traffic and transportation. The traffic management plan should be developed and implemented to ensure minimal traffic disruption. Trucks and construction vehicles in the Project area will only be permitted to use the construction access roads and required to operate at specified speeds.
Civil works for rehabilitation/remediation works of old dumping and landfill cells (including access roads)
Litter
Litter
Install wind fencing upwind of the tipping area to reduse the wind strength as it crosses the facility.
Noise
Noise
Construction of buffer zones in the construction area.
Odour
Odour
Develop and implement a working plan to control and minimize odour
Leachate
Water Quality
Recirculate the generated leachate to the old dumping and/or landfill cells Maintain the effectiveness of the leachate treatment plant in order to ensure that effluent of LTP is in compliance with the quality standards (Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 59 Year 2016)
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Disease vectors (flies, rats, etc.)
Community Health and Safety
Maintain the effectiveness of the leachate treatment plant in order to ensure that effluent of LTP is in compliance with the quality standards (Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 59 Year 2016)
Health and safety issue of the construction workers
Occupational Health and Safety
PPE Utilization for workers Conduct safety induction before work start
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Source of Impact
Possible Impacts Surface and ground water pollution
Aspect Water Quality
Proposed Impact Management Measures Implement the landfill rehabilitation plan Maintain the effectiveness of the leachate treatment plant in order to ensure that effluent of LTP is in compliance with the quality standards (Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 59 Year 2016)
Demolitions works
Temporary traffic disruption due to access road rehabilitation activities
Traffic & Transportation
Implement the Traffic Management Plan
Increase of dust concentration (TSP) in the air
Air Quality
Installation of barriers around demolition works area to minimize noise and not doing any construction works at night Stabilizing exposed surfaces Minimizing activities that potentially suspend dust particles. For heavily trafficked areas such as access roads to active construction areas and for disturbed areas (e.g. land clearing areas), wet suppression (watering), gravel or asphalt surfacing, and equipment wash down areas will be employed as dust control measures as practical
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Noise
Construction & Demolition Waste Generation
Installation of barriers around demolition works area to minimize noise and not doing any construction works at night
Construction waste
Construction & Demolition Waste Generation
Construction waste to be disposed accordingly
Decrease of water quality due to demolition debris
Water Quality
Develop and implement a working plan to control and minimize demolition debris material run-off
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Source of Impact
Construction of the new landfill cell
Construction of waste transfer stations, waste sorting and segregation facilities
Possible Impacts
Aspect
Proposed Impact Management Measures
Increased dust concentration (TSP) in the air
Air Quality
Develop and implement a working plan to control and minimize construction dust and particles/odour
Noise generated by civil works activities
Noise
Installation of barriers around civil works area to minimize noise and not doing any construction works at night
Biodiversity decrease due to loss of habitat
Biodiversity & Habitat
Limit the construction area according to the planned DED
Increased dust concentration (TSP) in the air
Air Quality
Develop and implement a working plan to control and minimize construction dust and particles/odour
Noise and vibration generated by civil works activities
Noise and Vibration
Installation of barriers around civil works area to minimize noise and not doing any construction works at night Operating the earthmoving equipment on the construction lot as far away from vibration-sensitive sites as possible
Surface water runoff & erosion
Water Quantity & Erosion
Minimizing land disturbance Managing run-on to disturbed areas Managing drainage within disturbed areas Managing ground cover Managing runoff and sediment exiting disturbed areas
Construction of environmental protection facilities including new leachate treatment facilities, installation of landfill gas collection systems
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Impacts from residual construction material run-off
Water Quality
Minimizing land disturbance Managing run-on to disturbed areas Managing drainage within disturbed areas Managing ground cover
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Source of Impact
Possible Impacts
Aspect
Proposed Impact Management Measures Managing runoff and sediment exiting disturbed areas
Installation of Intermediate Treatment Facilities (ITF) - Installation of equipment / advanced technology options (anaerobic digesters and refuse-driven fuel production)
Temporary traffic disruption due to access road rehabilitation activities
Traffic & Transportation
Implement the Traffic Management Plan
Noise
Noise
Installation of barriers around construction works area to minimize noise and not doing any construction works at night
Decrease of water level due to changes in operational schedules
Water Quantity
Managing run-on to disturbed areas Managing drainage within disturbed areas
Impacts from residual construction material run-off
Water Quality
Minimizing land disturbance Managing run-on to disturbed areas Managing drainage within disturbed areas Managing ground cover Managing runoff and sediment exiting disturbed areas
Temporary traffic disruption due to access road rehabilitation activities
Traffic & Transportation
Implement the Traffic Management Plan
Negative perceptions of new technology and its potential impacts on human health
Community perception
Proper consultation with and dissemination of information to local communities on health impacts, and input to timing/operational schedule Establish and implement Grievance Mechanism at PIU level.
Air quality impact due to commisioning of the ITF
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Air Quality
Utilize the equipment that has met design criteria so that the air quality emission is below the applicable standards.
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Source of Impact
Possible Impacts
Aspect
Proposed Impact Management Measures
Implementation Phase Re-employment of waste pickers in land fills
Negative perception / social tension
Community perception
Proper consultation with and dissemination of information to local communities on employment options, alternatives and timing. Establish and implement Grievance Mechanism at PIU level.
Occupational health and safety of the workers
Occupational Health and Safety
Provide waste pickers with appropriate protective clothing, gloves, respiratory face masks and slip resistant shoes and hard soled safety shoes to avoid puncture wounds to the feet. For waste pickers near loud equipment, include noise protection. For waste pickers near heavy mobile equipment, buckets, cranes, and at the discharge location for collection trucks, include provision of hard hats; Conduct socialization regarding occupational health and safety matter to all waste pickers; Provide safety signage on the landfill site; Provide barricading in the landfill facilities; Provide training regarding to the use of PPE, other related occupational health and safety related issues; Provide grievance mechanism for waste pickers; and Conduct monitoring on waste pickers occupational health and safety issues
Waste collection and transport
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Visual impact
Visual impact
Covering the vehicle during waste transport
Litter
Litter
Covering the vehicle during waste transport
Air emission generation including dust, bio-aerosol, and vehicle emission
Air Quality
Establishing frequent waste collection schedules Optimize waste collection routes to minimize distance traveled and overall fuel use and emissions
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Source of Impact
Waste receipt, loading, and unloading
Mobilization and demobilization of filling materials
Possible Impacts
Aspect
Proposed Impact Management Measures
Odour
Odour
Minimize the odor emissions by covering the vehicle during waste transport and installation of green barriers between the public roads and the MSW access road
Litter
Litter
Install wind fencing upwind of the tipping area to reduce the wind strength as it crossess the facility
Air emission generation including dust and bio-aerosol
Air Quality
Develop and implement a standard operation procedure to control and minimize emission of dust and bio-aerosol during loading/unloading
Noise and vibration generated from trucks, loading equipment (crane and wheeled loaders), stationary compactor, etc.
Noise and Vibration
Develop and implement traffic management plan to ensure minimal traffic disruption. Installation of barriers around loading/unloading area to minimize noise.
Negative perception and/or social tension
Community perception
Develop and implement transportation management plan that includes usage of material cover during material transportation and/or perform dust control by spraying water on the streets & roads when mobilization is performed during a particular hot day (dry season) twice a day (noon and afternoon) Stakeholder engagement plan that include public consultation and Proper dissemination of information to impacted communities about project operation and mobilization and demobilization of filling materials Establish and implement Grievance Mechanism at PIU level.
Increased dust concentration (TSP) in the air
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Air Quality
Develop and implement traffic management plan
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Source of Impact
Landfill cell operation
Possible Impacts
Aspect
Proposed Impact Management Measures
Noise
Noise
Utilize the vehicle that has pass the emission test
Traffic congestion and site access disruption
Traffic & Transportation
Implement the traffic management plan
Increasing turbidity in surface water from filling material that fell during mobilization
Water Quality
Develop and implement transportation management plan that includes usage of material cover during material transportation and/or perform dust control by spraying water on the streets & roads when mobilization is performed during a particular hot day (dry season) twice a day (noon and afternoon)Conduct the application of speed limit
Litter
Litter
Intall wind fencing upwind of the tipping area to reduce the wind strength as it crossess the facility
Leachate generation
Water Quality
Minimize the daily exposed working face and use perimeter drains and landfill cell compaction, slopes and daily cover materials to reduce infiltration of rainfall into the deposited waste. Prevent run-on of precipitation into the active area of the landfill Maintain the effectiveness of the leachate treatment plant in order to ensure that effluent of LTP is in compliance with the quality standards (Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 59 Year 2016)
Leachate collection and treatment
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Gas emission
Air Quality
Include landfill gas collection system designed and operated in accordance with the applicable national requirements
Decreasing level of water quality due to contamination in the water body from untretated leachate
Water Quality
Maintain the effectiveness of the leachate treatment plant in order to ensure that effluent of LTP is in compliance with the quality standards (Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 59 Year 2016)
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Source of Impact
Landfill gas capture Operation of ITF Facilities - advanced technology (anaerobic digesters and refuse driven fuel production) composting, WtE
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Possible Impacts
Aspect
Proposed Impact Management Measures
Aquatic biota distrubance due to contamination in the water body from untretated leachate
Aquatic Biota
Maintain the effectiveness of the leachate treatment plant in order to ensure that effluent of LTP is in compliance with the quality standards (Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 59 Year 2016)
Increase on water borne diseases due to the contamination of un-treated leachate in the water bodies
Community Health & Safety
Maintain the effectiveness of the leachate treatment plant in order to ensure that effluent of LTP is in compliance with the quality standards (Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 59 Year 2016)
Hazardous waste from the sludge generation
Hazardous waste
Collect hazardous waste in the TPS B3 and dispose the hazardous waste through the licensed hazardous waste disposal
Emission of bio-aerosols such as CH4 H2S
Air Quality
Include landfill gas collection system designed and operated in accordance with the applicable national requirements
Increase of Odour (H2S) contaminant in the ambient air
Odour
Application on technical approach such as installation of solid waste cell, which will accomodates the city waste generation to be compacted and covered with soil in the daily basis.
Ambient air quality decrease due to generation of CO2
Air Quality
Include landfill gas collection system designed and operated in accordance with the applicable national requirements
Increase of Odour (H2S) contaminant in the ambient air
Odour
Application on technical approach such as installation of solid waste cell, which will accomodates the city waste generation to be compacted and covered with soil in the daily basis.
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Source of Impact
Heavy equipment workshops and operation of supporting facilities
Possible Impacts
Aspect
Proposed Impact Management Measures
Hazardous waste from the soot
Hazardous Waste
Collect hazardous waste in the Hazardous Waste Temporary Storage and dispose the hazardous waste through the licensed hazardous waste disposal
Hazardous waste generation from oil/fuel spill
Hazardous Waste
Applied the ERP for oil spill
Surface water quality impact due to the contamination of wastewater from truck/vehicle wash
Water Quality
Direct the wastewater from truck/vehicle wash to the drainage channel
Occupational health & safety during cell capping works
Occupational Health & Safety
PPE Utilization for workers; conduct safety induction before work start
Leachate generation
Water Quality
Channeling and treating the leachate to the Leachate Treatment Plant before discharging to the water bodies
Landfill gas emission
Air Quality
Include landfill gas collection system designed and operated in accordance with the applicable national requirements
Landslide occurance due to unstable waste pile
Landslide
Applied the landfilling method as stated in the design criteria and conduct the soil cover compaction
The closure of landfill for waste pickers and waste collector activities, work termination
Work Termination & Decreased Local Economy
Proper socialization/dissemination of landfill closure to affected communities prior to the closure as well as dissemination of information other jobs/business opportunities
Visual impact due to changes of landscape
Visual Impact
N/A
Biodiversity enhancement from revegetation at landfill area
Biodiversity
Application of cover components that are consistent with post closure use and local climatic condition
Closure & After- use Cell capping and closure
Landscaping
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Source of Impact
Possible Impacts
Aspect
Proposed Impact Management Measures
Decreasing run-off
Water Quantity & Erosion
Application of the final cover which should provide environmental protection by oreventing direct or indirect contact of living organism with the waste materials & their constituents
Monitoring
No impact
N/A
N/A
Afteruse
Increasing area for green open space
Change of Land Use
Monitoring arrangements on the utilization of green open space as part of the closure plan
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6.6
Cumulative Impact
The latest revision of PS 1 to be enacted on 1 January 2012, states that “Where the project involves specifically indentified physical elements, aspects and facilities that are likely to generate impacts, environmental and social risks and impacts will be identified in the context of the project’s area of influence.” It goes on to state that area of influence encompasses “cumulative impacts that result from the incremental impact on areas or resources used or directly impacted by the project, from other existing, planned or reasonably defined developments at the time the risks and impacts identification process is conducted.” Thus for the purposes of this assessment, cumulative impacts are defined as the incremental impact of the project after mitigation, considered in the context of other projects and activities in the area, from the perspective of the sensitive receptors identified during Padang’s SWM impact studies. An assessment of cumulative impacts is an analysis of a set of sensitive receptors that have been identified as being potentially impacted by the project, with respect to all of the activities that are likely to contribute to their environmental condition. Cumulative impact assessment can be considered to be a matrix of receptors and environmental contributors, which will have different levels of impact and interaction wherever an activity and a receptor intersect within the matrix. Receptors For the purpose of this analysis, only sensitive receptors that had been identified for Padang’s SWM project will be considered. It can be divided in two type of receptors: 1) Natural Receiving Environment, comprise of ambient air quality, soil quality, water quality and aquatic biota ; 2) Anthropogenic Receptor, comprise the increase of water borne diseases and public inconvenience. With respect to the air quality, the ambient air quality have potential to be degraded as there will be excess of air emission and noise increase during the construction and operation activities of the Project. During all phases, soil and surface water quality is potential to decrease because of leachate contamination. Leachate contamination in the surface water has potential to affect plankton, benthic and fish. This may harm the aquatic life of the river. The receptors of the Padang’s SWM project are communities of Balai Gadang Village. These communities are potential to receive negative impact from project activities such as air quality degradation (include odour), noise increase, surface water and groundwater quality degradation and visual impact. The majority of land use are community settlement partially agricultural land which farmers can be impacted. In general, meteorological conditions on project are recorded that for wind speed conditions was prevail over to the Southwest. The wind speed during 2013 – 2016 ranges from 5.3 – 5.8 knot. Data from the Aie Dingin Community Health Centre, 2015 reported the highest frequency of prevalent diseases within those village were upper respiratory problem (ISPA). It recorded at 3,327 occurence or approximately 22.4% of the total number of prevalent diseases within those location followed by the other upper respiratory tract acute infections which recorded at 2,934 cases or approximately 19.7% of the prevalent diseases. The baseline ambient air quality shows no exceedance on the ambient air quality standard of Government Regulation No. 41 Year 1999. Dermatitis were recorded as the third rank of prevalent diseases within the impacted village. The baseline information taken shows that wastewater (leachate) were not effectively treated in the LTP. It is reported that the effluent parameters of water in the LTP were still higher than the threshold values stated on Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 59 Year 2016 including BOD5 and TSS. The contruction and operation phase will lead to rise of air emissions and odour from several activities such as waste collection & transport; waste receipt, unloading, processing & storage; and operation of ITF. As the consequences, it will affect the rise on ambient air concentration and influenced public
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health especially increase rate of upper respiratory problem occupants on the impacted villages. With wind direction pattern during 2013-2016, Balai Gadang Village is the most high risk for air pollution spread from activity of Padang’s SWM development. Moreover, the untreated leachate which polluted the surface water will impact communities utilized the water. Increase of noise and odour during construction and operation can disturb adjacent residential area of the adjacent village. Visual impact will also can be an issue. Traffic congestion is expected to happen.
Contributing Activities The nearby project area are considered as the earthquake prone areas. According to the seismic hazard map of Indonesia, TPA Aie Dingin is located in Zone 5 with high seismic hazard. Cumulative Contributor to Key Receptors The cumulative impacts to the key receptors may include: • • • •
Untreated leachate generation from waste reaction with water during the construction, operation and post closure phase of the project are potential to contaminate soil, groundwater and surface water quality Decrease of surface water quality can harm the aquatic life of the river. The impact is damage of aquatic biota or decrease of aquatic biota offspring. Air emission including odour from waste during the construction and operation of the project are potential for disturbance of public amenities and public health Increase of transportation and mobilization are likely to use the existing road corridor can potentially impact on the congestion of traffic and public safety
Padang’s SWM project will become one of projects in Padang City. Its contribution to the cumulative impact of other projects is expected to be relatively small; given the extensive mitigation strategies are being employed, but not obvious in those other project activities. There is significant potential for surface water quality degradation in the nearby river to occur. Proper mitigation strategies will limit the contribution of the project to the cumulative impact.
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7 7.1
PUBLIC CONSULTATION & GRIEVANCE MECHANISM Public Consultation
Public discussions are required as one of the conditions for financing the projects by the WB, for the projects to be sustainable depending of the characteristics of the project. Public consultations are also required as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (DELH) process for the Government of Indonesia. A Public Consultation for Padang, TPA Aie Dingin was conducted on the 29th August 2017, both as a legal requirement for the DELH process, and as part of the WB ESIA. The public consultation consisted of an open forum meeting where members of the project, local government, environmental consultants, community representatives, and other project stakeholders were invited to hear a presentation of the project by the local government supported by the environmental consultant, followed by an open discussion and feeback involving all parties present. As a continuation of the WB project Feasibility Studies, a further round of public consultation was held on 11th October 2017 to ensure continued updating and feedback to the project area community and stakeholders of the proposed extension and upgading plans. The results of both rounds of public consultations will be incorporated in the ESIA process and the discussion results will be taken into account in the final documents. A summary of both public consultations and presentation documents is provided in Appendix 4. 7.2
Grievance Mechanism
The Project has developed a grievance mechanism which must be implemented at the project construction inception phase and maintanied throughout the life of the project. The Grievance mechanism is designed to allow community, workers, stakeholders to report incidence, issues, grievances to the project and have these properly recorded, responded to, and where necessary action and settlement conducted to follow due process in line with the laws regulations and standards of the GoI and WB. The Grievance Mechanism are presented in Appendix 5.
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8 8.1
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Background
An ESMP consists of plans for the comprehensive management of the implementation and monitoring of all environmental and social risk and impact mitigation measures, derived from all environmental and social assessment and study efforts conducted on the Project. Budgeting of costs to cover mitigation measures are to be developed during the DED phase, which will then be included to the Project costing for the O&M plan. The project has gone through a comprehensive screening and assessment process to identify risks and impacts and to determine the type of mitigation and monitoring measures, such as the presence of Indigenous Peoples, any need to acquire land, and any restrictions on access to natural resources. 8.2
The Project
This ESMP covers the management and monitoring of environmental and social impacts of TPA Aie Dingin at Padang, West Sumatera. TPA Aie Dingin is situated at Balai Gadang Village, Koto Tangah Subdistrict, Padang City. Based on the DELH report, northern part of TPA Aie Dingin is the hilly area with high and steep terrain with slope of 30°–35°, and to the south is mostly lowland areas and River Lubuk Minturun. The west side of the landfill is relatively flat lowland area, while the east side of the landfill site is adjacent to hilly areas with slope varying from 10°–45°. Distance of TPA Aie Dingin location with service area is ±17 km. The nearest residential area is ±1 km to thesSouth of the landfill built by developer after almost 10 years of landfill operation. In this radius mosque, preliminary school, junior high school and Puskesmas Aie Dingin are also located on the left and right of the main road before entering the landfill. Batang Aie Dingin River is located ±3 km south from landfill and Batang Kandis River as water body receiver of Batang Balik River is located ±15 km west from Landfill. Landfill distance to Minangkabau Airport is ±15 Km. In general, the landfill is situated in hilly ground with wet soil and low groundwater caused by small pores of soil. Site investigation result shows that clay was found until 8 m below ground while water level was found in 4 – 8 m below ground. The existing waste facility covers an area of nearly 20 Ha that will be rehabilitated, upgraded and expanded to accommodate anticipated growing future waste volumes and to comply with Indonesian waste regulations. The following section contains the ESMP for TPA Aie Dingin. The ESMP is a living document that will need to be updated on a regular basis commensurate with the specific design, planning and implementation of the upgrade of the facility. 8.3
This ESMP
This Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is designed for TPA Aie Dingin, Padang, West Sumatera. This ESMP is developed based on the WB Environmental and Social Management Framework (INDONESIA: Improvement of Solid Waste Management to Support Regional and Metropolitan Cities). The ESMP addresses how to manage the Waste Facility’s predicted environmental and social risks.
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This ESMP is based on the existing EIA documents and will be aligned to and adjusted in accordance with any future EIA studies.
Pre-Construction
Construction
Operation
Decommissioning
ESMP including specific plans, as applicable (such as SEP, GM, IPP, LARAP, CHP, etc) Environmental Reporting
Monitoring and Evaluation
Figure 8-1 8.4
ESMP coverage and Evaluation Cycle
ESMP Actions - ESMS
The ESMP actions in the following sections have been developed specifically for use at the TPA Aie Dingin. The ESMP actions have been produced to address potential issues based upon discussions, desktop studies, previous complaints, and from site visit observations. Environmental issues that require environmental and social management plans based upon the potential impacts of Project activities are: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Air quality and Odour Biodiversity Climate Change/Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction (Gas collection and flaring/power, or (crude) composting) Cultural Heritage and Chance Find Procedure Emergency Response and Preparedness Plan Grievance Mechanism Indigenous Peoples Labor and Working Conditions including Occupational Health and Safety Land Acquisition and Resettlement Landscaping/Visual Impact Noise, Vibration Soil Quality Solid Waste Management Stakeholder Engagement (Public Consultation and Information Disclosure) Traffic and Transportation Wastewater management Water Quality
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Each of the environmental and social management plan is in general structured as follows: • • • • • • •
Objectives Management strategies Tasks Responsibilities Frequency Monitoring and reporting Corrective actions. Air Quality and Odour Management Plan
The main emission parameters to be managed are dust (particulate matter), sulphur oxides, and nitrogen oxides from waste collection vehicles, extension construction Heavy Equipment, and landfill operation Heavy Equipment, and from GHG Methane emissions from waste heaps/cells, as well as gas flaring and bio aerosols. 8.4.1.1
Objectives
Minimise the impacts to air quality from waste facility operations; ensure compliance with the relevant provisions of Law No 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management and Government Regulation No 41 of 1999. 8.4.1.2
Management Strategies
The performance objectives above are achieved by the following management strategies: • • • • • • • • • • •
8.4.1.3
Use improved technology where economically feasible. Evaluate the effects of air emissions where appropriate. Installation of barriers around demolition works Wet suppression Vehicles used comply with emission standards Work plan development by EPC Contractor during construction SOP for loading/unloading of waste Landfill gas collection and flaring system designed and operated in line with applicable laws and regulations Operation of ITF facilities (advanced composting technology) Frequent covering of waste in cells with soil to reduce odor emission Follow instructions set forth in the Environmental Sustainability Index ESI-05 Air Quality Management document Tasks
The following actions are undertaken to implement the above management strategies: • • • • •
ESMS/ESMP awareness training to be included as part of inductions. Ensure the project facilities have emission efficiency technology to minimize air pollution; Conduct regular watering to minimize dust; and Establish buffer zones surrounding human settlement and wildlife refuge area. Conduct scheduled monitoring using certified laboratory.
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8.4.1.4
Responsibilities
This ESMS is the responsibility of the Director of the waste facility and landfill operations staff. The actions outlined in this plan are the responsibility of management, foremen, and employees. 8.4.1.5
Performance Indicators
No complaints relating to air quality management. Waste collection schedules are maintained. Wet suppression is implemented. During the seasonal ESHIA baseline studies, baseline air quality conditions will be established and will be used to provide a benchmark from which to measure future performance of the facility in regard to Air Quality and Odour. 8.4.1.6
Monitoring and Reporting
Any complaints as to the management of on-site air quality will be directed to the management as soon as practical. Complaints and any actions arising from a complaint are recorded in a grievances register to be maintained by site management. All scheduled monitoring is reported to BLHD every 6 months, or as required. 8.4.1.7 Corrective Actions • Maintain dust supression systems to achieve design performance. • Install and manage Gas collections and Flaring systems to reduce methane emissions • The management objective is to conserve the natural habitat and its ecosystem services. 8.4.1.8
Management Strategies
The management strategy is to: • •
8.4.1.9
Conserve and manage the natural habitat and its ecosystem services surrounding the project area; and Engage with local government officials and community in the conservation of threatened species. Tasks
The following actions are undertaken to implement the above management strategies: • •
• •
• •
Conduct land clearing based on the project design and refrain from opening areas outside the designated boundary; Conduct greening surrounding the area of the waste facility with fast-growing species or local species, such as Acacia and bamboo species, which are available and can be used in the waste facility; Minimize noise generation that may impair surrounding birds and/or bats; Maintain the effectiveness of the leachate treatment plant in order to ensure that effluent of LTP is in compliance with the quality standards (Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 59 Year 2016); Raise community awareness regarding biodiversity conservation measures to prevent further endangerment of threatened species; and Formulate conservation decisions together with local government agencies and communities.
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8.4.1.10 Responsibilities This ESMP is the responsibility of Director of the waste facility. The actions outlined in this Plan are the responsibility of management, foremen, and employees. 8.4.1.11 Performance Indicators Biodiversity management is measured by vegetation type and stratification surrounding the project retains the natural habitat condition. 8.4.1.12 Monitoring and Reporting Any implementation of the Biodiversity Management, or the emergence of any other Biodiversity issue, is carefully documented and reported periodically, and any other reports under this ESMP to lenders. Any complaints as to the management of Biodiversity or Biodiversity issues are forwarded to the Director of the waste facility as soon as practical. Complaints, and any actions arising from a complaint, will be recorded in a grievance register to be maintained by site management. 8.4.1.13 Corrective Actions Immediate suspension, as practical, of activities upon the emergence of any complaints on or irregularities concerning Biodiversity issues. Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Emissions 8.4.2.1
Objectives
The management objective is to minimize greenhouse gas emissions from the landfill which would contribute to climate change. 8.4.2.2
Management Strategies
The management strategy of minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and climate is to limit the production of: • • 8.4.2.3
Methane (CH4) from organic waste; and Carbon oxides (COx) from waste containers. Tasks
The objectives above will be achieved by the following management strategies: • • • • • 8.4.2.4
Capture and combust landfill gas from escaping to the atmosphere through a standardized gas collection system; Utilize methane gas captured in the landfill to generate energy or replace the use of nonrenewable sources, such as coal and oil; Daily maintenance of heavy and light vehicles that operate in the landfill; Transportation planning in and out of the landfill; and Conduct greening surrounding the area of the waste facility to capture greenhouse gases. Responsibilities
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8.4.2.5
Performance indicators
Climate change and greenhouse gas emission management is measured through the following: • • • 8.4.2.6
Landfill gas collection system is working smoothly and according to standards; Fuel consumption efficiency in line with project activities; and Greening is established surrounding the waste facility. Monitoring and Reporting
Any complaints as to the management of onsite methane gas production and fuel consumption efficiency are recorded and all records are maintained by management. Cultural Heritage and Chance Find Procedure Physical cultural resources are sites, areas, objects, or artifacts having archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural, religious, or spiritual significance to a religious group, ethnic group and/or the wider public or nation. These include movable or immovable objects, sites, and structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes. As examples: sacred landmarks, sacred burial sites or human remains, pilgrimage sites or routes, fossils, rock drawings, ancient structures, and places of worship. Consistent with World Bank Operational Principles, the Project is sensitive to both tangible (cultural sites, graves and gravesites, religious structures) and intangible (traditional folklore, songs, etc.) cultural heritage settings of its location. If Cultural Property/Physical Cultural Resources are found, the Project will conduct a Cultural Heritage study of the Project site and any affected surrounding communities and develop a Cultural Heritage Plan. To date, need for a Cultural Heritage Plan has not been indicated. The Project does apply a Chance Find Procedure to ensure that any cultural heritage accidental findings during Project implementation can be dealt with in accordance with GoI regulations and World Bank Operational Manual. 8.4.3.1
Objectives
There is always the potential for earthworks or infrastructure development to inadvertently expose archeological relics or other items of tangible cultural heritage. The objective of the Chance Finds Procedure is to ensure in such cases compliance with: • • •
Law No 11 of 2010 on Cultural Heritage (UU No 11/2010 tentang Cagar Budaya); World Bank Operational Manual OP/BP 4.11; and indirectly UNESCO Convention for Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972.
The UNESCO Convention is the foundation for international and national agreements and legislation requiring signatories to adopt policies for, among other purposes the protection and conservation of cultural and natural heritage. A Chance Finds Procedure as described below is the basic first step in protection and conservation of newly discovered tangible cultural heritage, in accordance with all three of the regulatory references above. 8.4.3.2
Management Strategies
The two keys to an effective Chance Finds Procedure are: 1. Supervising personnel must have been trained to understand what a cultural heritage “find” is and looks like, and implement the Procedure immediately upon a discovery.
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2. Site management must know exactly who in the Government Authorities is to be notified. 8.4.3.3
Tasks
If any person discovers a physical cultural resource, such as archeological sites, historical sites, remains, and objects, or a cemetery and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the Proponent, through the employee or contractor supervisor onsite, shall: 1. Stop all construction activities in the vicinity of the chance find. 2. Delineate conservatively the discovered site or area. 3. Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be arranged until responsible local authorities take over. 4. Notify the local authorities immediately (within 24 hours). 5. Responsible local authorities are in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate procedures. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings be performed by archeologists. The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage, including aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social, and economic values. 6. Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance), and or some combination of conservation, preservation, restoration, and salvage. 7. Implementation of the authorities’ decision concerning management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by relevant local authorities. 8. Construction works may resume only after permission is granted by responsible local authorities concerning safeguarding the physical cultural resource. 8.4.3.4
Responsibilities
This ESMP, the Chance Find Procedure, and any Cultural Heritage Plan compiled, are the responsibilities of the Director of TPA Aie Dingin. The actions outlined in this Procedure (and any Plan) are the responsibility of management, supervisors, and employees. Detailed responsibilities are explained in the Chance Find Procedure documentation. 8.4.3.5
Monitoring and Reporting
Any implementation of the Chance Finds Procedure, or the emergence of any other Cultural Heritage issue, is carefully documented and reported in the periodic monitoring and evaluation reports, and any other reports under this ESMP to lenders. Any complaints as to the management of Cultural Heritage or Chance Finds issues are forwarded to the Director of TPA Aie Dingin as soon as practical. Complaints, and any actions arising from a complaint, will be recorded in a grievances register to be maintained by site management. 8.4.3.6
Corrective Actions
Any conflicts, disputes, or complaints with respect to management of Cultural Heritage issues or Chance Finds actions that arise are to be investigated immediately by senior management and corrective action devised and implemented as necessary.
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Emergency Response and Preparedness 8.4.4.1
Objectives
The objectives of this plan are to prepare TPA Aie Dingin personnel for potential accidents and emergency situations that may arise during the Project. 8.4.4.2
Management Strategies
To achieve the above objectives, TPA Aie Dingin prepares procedures to prevent, mitigate, and respond to the following emergency situations: • • • • • 8.4.4.3
Fires, explosions; Rainstorms, flooding, and other unexpected extreme weather conditions; Earthquakes; Chemical spillage or leakage; Accidents as a result of equipment failure. Tasks
The following actions are undertaken to implement the above management strategies: • • • • 8.4.4.4
Prepare Emergency Response and Preparedness Plan to mitigate the impacts of accidents and emergency situations; Undertake emergency procedures training at inductions; Arrange appropriate drills for various departments; Set emergency contact hierarchy and communication protocol. Responsibilities
This ESMP is the responsibility of the Director of TPA Aie Dingin. The actions outlined in this Plan are the responsibility of management, foremen, and employees. 8.4.4.5
Monitoring and Reporting
Any emergency occurrences are reported immediately through proper communication protocol and hierarchy. 8.4.4.6
Corrective Actions
Investigate any accidents and/or other emergency occurrences, response actions taken, major impacts, and document all lessons learned. Grievance Mechanism A formal mechanism shall be established for efficiently and effectively recording and resolving disputes or grievances related to Project design, planning and implementation, and impacts (refer to Appendix 5). 8.4.5.1
Objectives
The Grievance Mechanism shall establish a clear path for grievances to be received, relayed, and responded to.
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8.4.5.2
Management Strategies
The Grievance Mechanism, and procedures for accessing it, shall be clearly communicated to the affected communities, and shall utilize the most widely used media or technologies in these areas. For example, text messaging from mobile phones, or, for areas where mobile phone use is low, and post-office service is not available, creation of village-level hubs for information relay. Care shall be taken to ensure that the methods or technologies used are sensitive to the needs and customs of women and marginalized groups, including indigenous peoples. 8.4.5.3
Tasks
The Grievance Mechanism shall contain a clear path for grievances to be handled and responded to. The person(s) managing the grievance process will be responsible for: • • • •
•
•
Relaying grievances to the appropriate person or unit; Where the content of the grievance is unclear, seeking more information; Assigning a time frame for responding to the grievance, and reminding the responsible unit when the deadline is near; Following-up on grievance response, especially for issues that cannot be resolved immediately (e.g., requiring changes in Project activity or coordination with other stakeholders); Responding to the source of the grievance, best done in writing or at least recorded in writing. Where necessary and/or appropriate, the response shall be officially raised with or witnessed by the community or village leader; Manage documentation of grievances and grievance responses, within the Project document management system.
As part of the Environmental and Social Safeguard document and the World Bank Operational Safeguards, the Project has developed Grievance Mechanism (GM) as an integral part of Project Stakeholder Engagement Plan. A Standard Grievance Registration Form and Standard Grievance Close-Out Form are shown bellow. Standard Grievance Registration Form Date of receipt
Receipt no
Time when complaint occurred
Responsible department Individual in charge
Place where complaint occurred
Individual filing complaints Name
Contact information
Nationality
Address Tel. no
Age
Fax. No
Gender
Mobile phone
Note
e-mail
Stakeholder
Shareholder
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Partners
Contractors
Regulatory agencies
Mass media
Local government
NGO
Local communities
Other
Details of complaints
Requests made by individuals filing complaints
Discuss the issue
Simply need to know
Want a response
Want an improvement
Want an understanding
Want investigation
Want an apology
other
an
Expected cause Process and results of response
Standard Grievance Close-Out Form
Grievance Close-Out I/We, _____________, who instituted Receipt # ________ agree that this grievance has been resolved to our satisfaction on this date ________. We renounce all future claims concerning this issue. Names
Signatures
TO BE COMPLETED BY COMPLAINANT Settlement: Name of TPA Aie Dingin Representative: ________. Witnessed by: _____________________. (Name and Title of Local Official) Date: _______.
We, the TPA Aie Dingin Representative and ________ (Name and Title of Local Official) state that the claimant(s) _______ who instituted Receipt # _______ have refused on this date _______ to sign a grievance close-out. The claimant(s) have been informed that the project considers the grievance to have
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been appropriately addressed according to the project’s grievance mechanism. The claimants have also been informed of their right to pursue the grievance in civil court. Name of TPA Aie Dingin Representative: ________. Witnessed by: _____________________. (Name and Title of Local Official) Date: _______________. TO BE COMPLETED BY COMPLAINANT
8.4.5.4
Responsibilities
This ESMP and the Grievance Mechanism are the responsibility of the Director of TPA Aie Dingin. The actions outlined in this plan are the responsibility of management, supervisors, and employees. Detailed responsibilities for grievance processing are explained in the Grievance Mechanism documentation. 8.4.5.5
Monitoring and Reporting
Any complaints as to the management of Grievance Mechanism issues are forwarded to the Director of TPA Aie Dingin as soon as practical. Complaints, and any actions arising from a complaint, will be recorded in a complaints register to be maintained by site management as part of the Grievance Mechanism. In general, grievances registered against the mechanism/procedure itself will require attention of senior management.
8.4.5.6
Date of Closeout (dd/mm/yy)
Corrective Action
Date of Response
Valid/Invalid w/ Summary Description Why
Admissible (Y/N)
Assigned to
Brief Description
Address or Settlement
XX/XX/XXX
Name of Complainant
Receipt Number
Date Reported (dd/mm/yy)
Date Of Grievance Log Updated
Corrective Actions
Suspension of grievance processing because of a complaint concerning the Grievance Mechanism itself is not practical. Rather, senior management should investigate the issue immediately and take corrective action as necessary. Of course, corrective action may affect the management of grievances within the process and grievances previously handled, in addition to future grievances.
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Indigenous Peoples While Indigenous Peoples are often associated with rural and remote areas, it is recognized that in Indonesia’s urban context there are increasingly development and encroachment of urban activities on Indigenous Peoples’ lands. The Government of Indonesia defines Indigenous Peoples as Isolated Indigenous Community (Komunitas Adat Terpencil/KAT). The national legislation, Presidential Decree No. 111/1999 on Social Empowerment of Isolated Indigenous Community sets the criteria of indigenous community as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
In form of small, closed and homogenous community; Social infrastructure supported by familial relationship; In general geographically remote and relatively difficult to reach; In general live with sub-system economy; Its equipment and technology is simple; Dependency to local environment and natural resources are relatively high; and Limited access of social, economic, and political services.
The terms “indigenous peoples”, “indigenous ethnic minorities” and “tribal groups”, describe social groups with a social and cultural identity distinct from the dominant society that makes them vulnerable to being disadvantaged in the development process. According to the World Bank policy, the term “Indigenous Peoples” is used in generic sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group processing the following characteristics in varying degrees: 1. 2. 3. 4.
A close attachment to ancestral territories and to the natural resources in these areas; Self-identification and identification by others as members of a distinct cultural group; An indigenous language, often different from the national language; and Presence of customary cultural, economic, social or political institutions.
This ESMP will follow both the criteria of the Bank and the national legislation under Ministry of Social Affairs with regards to the definition of Indigenous Peoples (IP). For the purposes here, “Indigenous People” is the term that will be used to refer to these groups. Indigenous Peoples are commonly among the poorest segments of a population. The following Law and Regulations are related to IP: • • • • • •
• •
UUD 1945 (Amendment) Chapter 18, clause #2 and Chapter 281 clause # 3; Law No. 41 on Forestry (plus Constitutional Court Decision No. 35/PUU-X/2012); MOHA Regulation No. 52/2014 on the Guidelines on the Recognition and Protection of MHA; Ministerial Regulation of MOH No. P.62/2013 (adjustment of Ministerial Regulation No. P.44/2012) on the Establishment of Forest Area; Joint Regulation of MOHA, Ministry of Forest, Ministry of Public Works and Land Agency No. 79/2014 on Procedures to Settle Land Ownership Conflict in Forest Area; Regulation of the Minister of Land Agency and Spatial development No. 9/2015 on the Procedures to Establish the Land Communal rights on the MHA Land and Community Living in the Special Area; Law No. 6 / 2014 on Village; and Law No. 18/2013 on Prevention and Alleviation of Deforestation (UUP3H).
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In line with the above references to IP, the initial screening assessment has identified no IP being affected by the project. During field visits and data collection for baseline, no Indigenous Peoples (IP) were identified within the Project area. No Management is required at this point. Any future expansion of the TPA Aie Dingin shall apply the IP screening assessment to determine if IP are affected by the Project. The screening will consider expert advice and consult local communities to confirm IP status. 8.4.6.1
Objectives
The primary objectives of the IPP, if needed, are to ensure that: • • •
IP groups are afforded meaningful opportunities to participate in planning that affects them. Opportunities to provide such groups with culturally appropriate benefits are considered. Any Project impacts that adversely affect them are avoided, to the extent possible. If unavoidable, mitigation measures should be developed.
This is in line with the National objective in empowering indigenous communities (Komunitas Adat Terpencil or KAT), which grants authority to KAT to self-determine their destiny and to improve their social prosperity level through the various development activity programs available in their location. If these objectives can be achieved without a stand-alone IPP, it may not be necessary to compile one. 8.4.6.2
Management Strategies
Free, prior, and informed consultations will be conducted through a series of meetings, including separate group meetings with: indigenous village leaders; indigenous men; and indigenous women, especially those who live in the zone of influence of the Project. Discussions will focus on Project impacts, positive and negative; and design recommendations to address these impacts. If the Social Assessment (SA) indicates that the Project will cause significant adverse impacts or that the IP community rejects the proposal, the Project likely will not go ahead. If the IP support Project implementation, an IPP will be developed to ensure that the IP will receive culturally appropriate opportunities to benefit from the Project activities. In general, the IPP is to be prepared in a flexible and pragmatic manner, at a level of detail appropriate to the Project design and the nature of effects to be addressed. 8.4.6.3
Tasks
To implement the above management strategies, the IPP will be prepared to include the following elements, as needed: 1. Summary of SA 2. Summary of results of free, prior, and informed consultation carried out during Project design 3. Framework for ensuring free, prior, and informed consultation with affected Indigenous Peoples communities during Project implementation 4. Action plan of measures to ensure IPs receive culturally appropriate social and economic benefits 5. Cost estimates and financing plan for the IPP 6. Accessible grievance mechanism, which takes into account the availability of customary mechanisms 7. Monitoring, evaluation, and reporting mechanisms.
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The IPP should be disclosed publicly so that it is accessible to the affected indigenous community. If the issue of access restriction to natural resources arises: • •
IP will participate in the zoning and mapping activities, to fully benefit from the Project. In full consultation with IP groups, zoning and mapping activities will define the areas with customary rights of the local IP and reflect these issues in the IPP, with particular actions to protect or compensate the groups as appropriate.
Where IP speak a language other than Bahasa Indonesia, relevant brochures and documents will be translated into the appropriate language, with necessary provisions in the Project budget. These steps are aimed at ensuring that IP participate fully in the Project, are aware of their rights and responsibilities, and are able to voice their needs during social/economic preliminary surveys and able to assist in the formulation of relevant Project design details and operational policies that affect them. 8.4.6.4
Responsibilities
This ESMP, any IPP compiled, and IP policies and actions in general are the responsibilities of the Director of TPA Aie Dingin. The actions outlined in any associated plans are the responsibility of management and of the personnel of Community Relations. 8.4.6.5
Monitoring and Reporting
Any complaints as to the implementation of the IPP, or with respect to Project relations with IP groups, are directed to the TPA Aie Dingin Director/onsite management or to the Head of Community Relations. Complaints and any actions arising from a complaint, are recorded in a gievance register to be maintained by site management as part of the Grievance Mechanism. 8.4.6.6
Corrective Actions
Any complaints as to the implementation of the IPP, or with respect to Project relations with IP groups, are to be investigated immediately by senior management and Community Relations, and corrective action decided upon and implemented as necessary. Labor and Working Condition and Occupational Health and Safety 8.4.7.1
Objectives
The objective of Labor and Working Condition is to follow guide set forth in this following ILO Conventions and Government of Indonesia Labor related regulation which are: FOUR CORE CONVENTIONS
▪ ILO Convention 87 on Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize
RATIFIED BY GOI
▪ In Force since 09 Jun 1998 ▪ In Force since 15 Jul 1957
▪ ILO Convention 98 on the Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining ▪ ILO Convention 29 on Forced Labor
▪ In Force since 12 Jun 1950
▪ ILO Convention 105 on the Abolition of Forced Labor
▪ UU-19-1999
▪ ILO Convention 138 on Minimum Age (of Employment)
▪ UU-20-1999
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FOUR CORE CONVENTIONS
RATIFIED BY GOI
▪ ILO Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor
▪ UU-01-2000
▪ ILO Convention 100 on Equal Remuneration
▪ UU-80-1957
▪ ILO Convention 111 on Discrimination (Employment and
▪ UU-21-1999
Occupation) ▪ Other ILO Conventions
▪ Ratified by GOI
▪ ILO Convention 155 on Occupational Safety and Health ▪ ILO Protocol 155 of 2002 to the Occupational Safety and Health Convention ▪ ILO Convention 162 on Asbestos ▪ ILO Convention 174 on Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents ▪ ILO Declaration of Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work ▪ ILO 2006 Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy ▪ ILO Convention No. 81 Concerning Labour Inspection In Industry And Commerce
▪ UU- 21-2003
▪ ILO Convention No.106 regarding Weekly Rest
▪ UU-03-1961
▪ UN Conventions
▪ Ratified by GOI
▪ Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman,
▪ UU-05-1998
or Degrading Treatment or Punishment ▪ UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights ▪ UN International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Right ▪ UN Convention on the Rights of Child
▪ Keppres-36-1990
▪ UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
▪ UU-29-1999
Discrimination ▪ UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
▪ UU-07-1984
Discrimination against Women ▪ UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
▪ UU-19-2011
Disabilities ▪ UN Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
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Which essentially is: • • • • • • 8.4.7.2
To promote the fair treatment, non-discrimination, and equal opportunity of workers. To establish, maintain, and improve the worker-management relationship. To promote compliance with national employment and labor laws. To protect workers, including vulnerable categories of workers such as children, migrant workers, workers engaged by third parties, and workers in the client’s supply chain. To promote safe and healthy working conditions, and the health of workers. To avoid the use of forced labor. Management Strategies
The management strategy is to: • • •
Accommodate different employment status of worker working at TPA Aie Dingin during their employment. Accommodate worker’s rights to form and joins workers’ organization. Protect the safety and health of TPA Aie Dingin workers.
8.4.7.3 Tasks • Develop Company Regulation (Peraturan Perusahaan) which covers the requirements stipulated in Government of Indonesia Regulations • Develop procedures in hiring workers 8.4.7.4
Responsibilities
This ESMP is the responsibility of the Director of TPA Aie Dingin. The actions outlined in this Plan are the responsibility of hiring department and related department. 8.4.7.5
Monitoring and Reporting
Any implementation of labor and working condition documented and reported to relevant government agency such as Department of Labor and Management of TPA Aie Dingin. 8.4.7.6
Corrective Actions
Investigate immediately in the occurrence of complaints from workers or other stakeholder during recruitment process up to end of contract. Land Acquisition and Resettlement The overall objectives and principles of land acquisition and resettlement in this project are to ensure that: 1. Land acquisition and resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative sub-project designs; 2. Where it is not feasible to avoid land acquisition and resettlement, activities of land acquisition and resettlement should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the project affected persons (PAPs) to share the sub-project benefits. The PAPs should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing the land acquisition and resettlement programs.
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3. PAPs should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-land acquisition and resettlement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. Overall, the PAPs’ living conditions should not be worse-off due the land taking by the sub-project, while at the same time they should benefit from the project. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs, and should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them. In this project, involuntary resettlement includes land acquisition implemented under the eminent domain principle that could involve physical and economic displacement. As practice in various World Bank supported projects in Indonesia, understanding of involuntary resettlement includes land acquisition implemented under the Indonesian laws and regulations, and resettlement (or relocation). Hence, as the common practice in other World Bank supported projects, Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan (LARAP) is the term commonly used that is equivalent with the term Resettlement Plan (RP) used in World Bank OP 4.12 (refer to Appendix 6). 8.4.8.1
Objectives
If land acquisition and associated adverse impacts cannot be avoided, the principal objectives of the LARAP/LARAF are to ensure that all Persons subjected to adverse impacts (“Project Affected Persons” or PAP): • • • • • • •
•
•
•
Are compensated at replacement cost for lost land and other assets, and for any loss of productive assets. Are provided with rehabilitation measures or other assistance necessary to ensure an opportunity to improve, or at least restore, their incomes and living standards. Do not suffer any unnecessary restriction of access to natural resources so as to adversely affect local communities. Are assured of adequate participation and consultation in the overall Project. Will participate in determining any restrictions on access to resources, and associated mitigation measures. Benefit, wherever possible, from the services and facilities created for, or by, Project activities. Are entitled to compensation for lost assets or loss of access to productive assets, or loss of access to natural resources within designated restriction areas or exclusion zones, or to alternative but equivalent assistance in lieu of compensation to ensure they will not be worse off due to Project implementation. Receive compensation, at rates established in a LARAP/LARAF, paid in full to the individual or collective owners of the lost asset, without depreciation or deduction for taxes, fees, or any other purpose. Are compensated for assets at a value assessed by independent appraisal team/institution as required in Indonesia Law (UU No. 2/2012 on Land Acquisition for Developments in the Public Interest); valuation methods will reflect use of replacement cost. Are provided where possible land-for-land replacement, particularly if cultivated land is acquired, with replacement house plots, business sites, or agricultural land of equivalent value and utility to the land that was lost.
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•
•
8.4.8.2
Are consulted during the preparation of LARAP and or any action plan for access restriction, so that their preferences are solicited and considered; action plans are publicly disclosed in a manner accessible to PAP. Will have available established means to pursue grievances, and information about grievance procedures will be provided. Management Strategies
The Land Acquisition and Resettlement Policy must follow the general framework established by World Bank OP 4.12. Most land acquisition issues will be Project specific; a LARAP or LARAF shall be developed as needed. Project partners and/or proponents shall ensure that a LARAF, LARAP, RAP, or a Supplemental Resettlement Action Plan (SRAP), or other equivalent documents are made available to affected communities and to the public, to comply with GOI laws and regulations and adhere to the World Bank OP 4.12 as stated above. (A SRAP is needed in cases where land acquisition is complete, but resulted in residual impacts). Land acquisition should consider local customary practice of shifting cultivation or ladang berpindah. Land acquisition plan for plantation for example, might not be within an area that is being farmed or cultivated by farmers, but on idle land which is temporarily left for future cultivation. This piece of land, which is known as ‘Jakau’, owned by persons and recognized by all the people in a village. 8.4.8.3
Tasks
LARAP and LARAF document preparation must be refined as soon as it is clear one or the other will be needed (see Appendix 6). All tasks of land acquisition and compensation, through to the completion of the land acquisition/compensation process, should be detailed in the document. 8.4.8.4
Responsibilities
This ESMP and any land acquisition/compensation documents compiled are the responsibility of the Director of TPA Aie Dingin. The actions outlined here and in the LARAP, LARAF, or other document are the responsibility of management, supervisors, and employees assigned. Detailed responsibilities are explained in the LARAP/LARAF/other document. 8.4.8.5
Monitoring and Reporting
Any complaints or disputes as to the management of land issues are directed through the Grievance Mechanism (Appendix 5) and ultimately are forwarded to the Director of TPA Aie Dingin as soon as practical. Complaints, and any actions arising from a complaint, will be recorded in a complaints register to be maintained by site management as part of the Grievance Mechanism. 8.4.8.6
Corrective Actions
Land acquisition and compensation operations will not normally stop due to a dispute or complaint arising. There should however be immediate suspension, as practical, of all activities associated with all landowner(s)/case(s) affected by the specific dispute or complaint. In some cases (as with compensation rates) this may in fact stop all processing of land actions. TPA Aie Dingin management and associated staff shall investigate the complaint immediately, consulting with legal or government specialists as appropriate. Corrective action should be determined and applied as quickly as possible.
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8.4.8.7
Objectives
The objective of this plan is to minimize significant landscape change of landfill activities and its subsequent visual impact. 8.4.8.8
Management Strategies
The management strategy is to camouflage and/or screening the landfill by use of camouflage and/or screening the landfill expansion through: • • 8.4.8.9
Gradual closure and rehabilitation of waste; Establishment of an environmental buffer zone. Tasks
The tasks required to camouflage and/or screening the landfill by use of camouflage and/or screening the landfill expansion are as follows: • • •
Conduct revegetation on areas that already undergo closure by following similar vertical stratification of the vegetation around the project area; Establishment of an environmental buffer zone with a width of 1.2 km to minimize visual impacts; and Cover waste-containing vehicles to minimize visual impact.
8.4.8.10 Responsibilities This ESMP is the responsibility of Director of the waste facility. The actions outlined in this Plan are the responsibility of management, foremen, and employees. 8.4.8.11 Performance Indicators Management of landscape and visual impacts is measured by the visibility of landfill activities from the residential area. 8.4.8.12 Monitoring and Reporting Any implementation of the landscape/visual management, or the emergence of any other landscape/visual issue, is carefully documented and reported periodically, and any other reports under this ESMP to lenders. Any complaints as to the landscape/visual management or issues are forwarded to the Director of the waste facility as soon as practical. Complaints, and any actions arising from a complaint, will be recorded in a grievance register to be maintained by site management. 8.4.8.13 Corrective Actions Investigate any complain from the local community regarding visual impacts and mitigate in accordance to the impact. Noise and Vibration 8.4.9.1
Objectives
The potential sources of noise are from various mobile and stationary machinery.
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8.4.9.2
Management Strategies
Ensure compliance with the relevant provisions of Law No 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management and Minister of Environment Decree (Kepmen LH) No 48 of 1996 on Noise Standards and Kepmen LH No 49 of 1996 on Vibration Standards. In summary, these are: • • •
Avoid nuisance noise to nearby residents. Avoid vibration nuisance to nearby residents. Regularly maintain equipment and vehicles.
The noise standards to be observed are: FACILITY ENVIRONS / SENSITIVE RECEPTORS
NOISE LEVEL DB(A)
Facility / Vicinity Houses and Residential Areas
55
Offices and Commercial
65
Green Open Space
50
Industrial
70
Sensitive Receptors Hospitals
55
Schools
55
Religious Buildings
55
Vibration standards to be observed are: Standards of Vibration Levels for Comfort and Health VALUE OF VIBRATION LEVEL, IN MICRON (10-6 METER)
FREQUENCY (HZ)
NO DISTURBANCE
DISTURBANCE
DISCOMFORT
PAIN
4
< 100
100 – 500
> 500 – 1,000
> 1,000
5
< 80
80 – 350
> 350 – 1,000
> 1,000
6.3
< 70
70 – 275
> 275 – 1,000
> 1,000
8
< 50
50 – 160
> 160 - 500
> 500
10
< 37
37 – 120
> 120 - 300
> 300
12.5
< 32
32 – 90
> 90 - 220
> 220
16
< 25
25 – 60
> 60 - 120
> 120
20
< 20
20 – 40
> 40 - 85
> 85
25
30 - 50
> 50
31.5
20 - 30
> 30
40
15 - 20
> 20
50
12 - 15
> 15
63
9 - 12
> 12
Standards of Mechanical Vibration Levels Based on Damage / Impact Potential
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VIBRATION PARAMETER
UNIT
VIBRATION PEAK, MM/SECOND FREQUENCY (HZ)
CATEGORY A
CATEGORY B
CATEGORY C
CATEGORY D
- Vibration
mm/sec
4
27 – 140
> 140
Velocity
mm/sec
5
< 7.5
< 7.5 – 25
> 25 – 130
>130
- Frequency
Hz
6.3
21 – 110
> 110
8
19 – 100
> 100
10
< 5.2
< 5.2 – 16
> 16 – 90
> 90
12.5
< 4.8
< 4.8 – 15
> 15 – 80
> 80
16
14 – 70
> 70
20
< 3.8
< 3.8 – 12
> 12 – 67
> 67
25
< 3.2
< 3.2 – 10
> 10 – 60
> 60
31.5
53
40
50
50
42
Note: Category A Category B Category C Category D
: Not causing damage : Possible plaster cracks (cracking/plaster coming off load-bearing walls (in special cases). : Possible damage to load-bearing wall structure : Damage to load-bearing walls
Standards for Mechanical Vibration Levels Based on Building Types
CLASS
TYPE OF BUILDING
VELOCITY OF VIBRATION (MM/SEC)
ON FLAT PLANE ON TOP FLOOR
ON FOUNDATION FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY COMBINATION
< 10 HZ
10-50 HZ
50-100 HZ *)
< 10
20 - 40
40 – 50
40
1
Building for commercial purposes, buildings for industries, and buildings for similar purposes
2
Housing compounds and buildings of similar design and uses
5
5 - 15
15 – 20
15
3
Structures that by nature are sensitive to vibration, unlike Nos. 1 and 2, and that have a high cultural value, such as preserved buildings
3
3-8
8 – 10
8.5
Note: *For frequencies above 100 Hz, values set forth in the column must be used
Standards for Shock Vibration Levels
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CLASS
TYPE OF BUILDING
MAXIMUM VIBRATION VELOCITY (MM/SEC)
1
Designated ancient building with a high historical value
2
2
Buildings with existing damage, cracks on walls being visible
5
3
Buildings in good technical condition, with slight damage such as cracking plaster
10
4
“Strong” building (for example: industrial buildings made of concrete or steel )
10 -40
8.4.9.3
Responsibilities
This ESMP is the responsibility of the Director of TPA Aie Dingin. The actions outlined in this plan are the responsibility of management, foremen, and employees. Detailed responsibilities can be found in ESI-05 Air Quality Management. 8.4.9.4
Performance Indicators
Nil complaints relating noise or vibration nuisance. Conformance with Kepmen LH No 48 of 1996 on Noise Standards and Kepmen LH No 49 of 1996 on Vibration Standards. 8.4.9.5
Monitoring and Reporting
Any complaints as to the management of on-site noise will be directed to the Director of TPA Aie Dingin as soon as practical. Complaints and any actions arising from a complaint will be recorded in a complaints register to be maintained by site management. Scheduled noise and vibration monitoring will follow the directives of the RPL. 8.4.9.6 Corrective Actions • Immediate shutdown of noisy or vibrating activities when any complaints arise. • Investigate complaint immediately. • Corrective action as necessary. Soil Quality 8.4.10.1 Objectives The objectives of this plan are to determine baseline conditions and limit pollution and deterioration of the soil from harmful substances (fuel, oil, etc.) and processes which may lead to increased erosion. 8.4.10.2 Management Strategies • Stringent on-site pollution control measures will be applied during the construction and operation phase to prevent soil contamination from oil and fuel. • Condition of vehicles and equipment will be periodically checked. • Equipment and vehicles will be regularly maintained in line with manufacturers’ recommendations. • Any spills will be contained and cleaned up. • All vehicles will carry absorbing pads.
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• •
Protective equipment and trays will be used when refuelling or changing oil on vehicles and equipment. Designated areas will be defined for the storage of fuel, lubricants, coolants, paint, solvents, etc.
8.4.10.3 Responsibilities This ESMS is the responsibility of the Director of the waste facility and landfill operations staff. The actions outlined in this plan are the responsibility of management, foremen, and employees. 8.4.10.4 Performance Indicators During the ESHIA studies baseline groundwater conditions will be established and will provide a benchmark from which to measure soil quality performance of the facility. 8.4.10.5 Monitoring and Reporting Any complaints as to the management of soil quality will be directed to the management as soon as practical. Complaints and any actions arising from a complaint are recorded in a grievances register to be maintained by site management. All scheduled monitoring is reported or as required by environmental regulator. 8.4.10.6 Corrective Actions • Immediate cleanup of chemical spill when any complaints arise. • Investigate complaint immediately. • Corrective action as necessary. Solid Waste Management Plan The main nonhazardous solid wastes likely to be produced on-site are food leftovers, food packaging, sawdust, office paper, and warehouse/shipping waste packaging. 8.4.11.1 Objectives Ensure compliance with the relevant provisions of Law No 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management and Government Regulation No 81 of 2012 on Domestic Waste. Minimize waste generation by developing strategies for management and disposal of all waste produced in accordance with the principles of avoidance, reduction, reuse, recycling, and proper disposal. Manage waste in a manner that is sustainable and sensitive to the environment. 8.4.11.2 Management Strategies The performance objectives above are achieved by the following management strategies. Components of waste streams are separated at source where possible, to minimize contamination and maximize potential for reuse and recycling of materials. Waste will not be stored at sites where it could contribute to the generation of contaminated runoff. Waste storage on-site will generally be organized by the head contractor. Waste management orientation will form part of the on-site induction process.
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8.4.11.3 Tasks The following actions are undertaken to implement the above management strategies. Organize regular waste collection to minimize excessive waste storage. Audit locations of waste storage to ensure that the above strategies are being carried out. 8.4.11.4 Performance Indicators Nil complaints about waste storage and removal. 8.4.11.5 Monitoring and Reporting Any complaints as to the management of on-site waste are forwarded to the Director of TPA Aie Dingin as soon as practical. Complaints and any actions arising from a complaint are recorded in a complaints register maintained by site management. Use ESF-ESI04-04 Waste Disposal Record to maintain documentation of waste generation, storage, and disposal. 8.4.11.6 Corrective Actions TPA Aie Dingin will recommend corrective actions as needed to comply with Indonesian regulations, this Plan, and good practice in professional maintenance and housekeeping. Stakeholder Engagement (Public Consultation and Information Disclosure) The Project shall plan and institute a proper mechanism for conducting public consultation, disclosure of information, and other discussions as needed with relevant stakeholders (Annex 4). A Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) shall be developed by the Project to ensure proper organizing and documentation of outreach events. Stakeholder engagement is designed to meet National legislation as follows: •
•
•
Law No 23/2009 regarding Environmental Protection and Management. Article 5 of the Law stipulates that communities are: o Equally entitled to a good and healthy environment; o Entitled to information about potential environmental impacts; and o Entitled to exercise a role in the framework of environmental management (including decision making and ongoing discussions). Government Regulation No 27/2012 regarding Environmental Permit, Article 9 states that within ten working days after public announcement of proposed activities, impacted and interested members of community have the right to suggest, express opinions, and provide input relating to the planned activities. Environmental Minister Regulation No 17/2012 regarding Guidance on Community Engagement in Environmental Impact Analysis and Environmental Permit Process. Article 2 of the regulation highlights the basic principles for engagement includes: transparent and comprehensive information sharing; equality among the involved parties; problem resolution based on justice and wisdom; and coordination, communication and cooperation among the involved parties. Detail guidance on community engagement is provided in the attachment to the regulation.
8.4.12.1 Objectives Consultation and disclosure comply with the Disclosing Information and Engaging Stakeholders (E3) element of the ESMS. Prepared for Government of Indonesia
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Consultation with stakeholders should begin at the earliest possible moment in the Project design phase, so as to avoid and minimize undesired impacts or risks to communities and other stakeholders, and to maximize positive benefits and the solicitation of stakeholder input. Consultations are expected to continue into the Project Implementation and Decomissioning Phase. Issues that the stakeholder engagement should cover are: •
• • • • • •
Timely and appropriate information distribution on planned project design, planning and implementation with regards to upgrade/rehabilitation and expansion of existing waste facilities. Timely and appropriate information distribution to land acquisition affected communities and possible livelihood compensation payments/measures Concerns over new technology’s impact on community health Future employment opportunities for waste pickers Tensions caused by temporary migrant workers during construction Mobilization and demobilization of construction equipement/filling material Waste receipt, loading and unloading of trucks/waste transportation vehicles
8.4.12.2 Management Strategies • Consultations shall be carry out with all identified stakeholder groups at important stages of project development, such as pre-construction, prior to construction, during implementation and prior to decommissioning. • Consultations with women and marginalized groups shall utilize appropriate communication techniques and approaches. Such consultations shall be conducted with or supported by local Civil Society Organizations (CSO), universities, or other organizations accustomed to convening and managing consultations with women and marginalized groups in the Project areas. 8.4.12.3 Tasks The SEP shall be applied to ensure proper organizing and documentation of outreach events conducted at the kecamatan and village levels, with participants selected based on the socioeconomic-cultural characteristics of the Project’s areas of influence, and on the nature and locations of proposed Project facilities and activities. The general framework for consultation and disclosure is: • • • • • • • •
Identify and map Project stakeholders: Open dialogue and continue engagement during all Project phases. Consult with Indigenous Peoples, if applicable. Consult with attention to gender considerations. Promote capacity building for Project stakeholders with training and workshops. Manage information disclosure with transparency and sensitivity. Maintain detailed records of all aspects of consultation and disclosure. Grievance Mechanism process implementation is of great importance.
The Project shall develop a Stakeholder Engagement Plan. Project’s stakeholder database and engagement plan shall be updated regularly in accordance with Project progress.
Standard Stakeholders Database
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PROVINCIAL AND REGENCY
NO
NAME
POSITION
CONTACT NUMBER
INSTITUTION
EMAIL
ADDRESS
WEBSITE
AIMS/ INTEREST
CATEGORY
1 2
Standard Stakeholder Engagement Plan for the Project LEVEL/CATEGORY
International/National/ [provincial/Regency/Village Govt/INGOs/NGOs/Academi c/Business/Media, etc.
STAKEHOLDERS
E.g. Governor, Regent
AIE DINGIN KEY CONTACT
E.g. Com/Pub Rel Manager, Director
ENGAGEMEN T ACTIVITIES
ISSUES/ INTEREST
E.g., Face to Face Meeting
Land acquisition
WHEN/ FREQUENCY
As required
8.4.12.4 Responsibilities This ESMP as well as the SEP are the responsibility of the Director of TPA Aie Dingin. The actions outlined in this Plan are the responsibility of management, supervisors, and employees, but likely concentrated with Public/Community Relations and External Relations (ER) personnel. Detailed responsibilities shall be explained in the SEP. 8.4.12.5 Monitoring and Reporting Consultation and disclosure activities must be thoroughly documented, including written notes/minutes of all meetings, numerous photographs of all meetings, and signed attendance sheets at every meeting. Wherever practical, all meetings should be recorded in full with video equipment. Any complaints as to the management of consultation and disclosure and related issues are forwarded to the Director of TPA Aie Dingin as soon as practical. Complaints, and any actions arising from a complaint, will be recorded in a complaints register to be maintained by site management as part of the Grievance Mechanism.
Standard Register of Past Stakeholder Engagement DISCLOSURE ACTIVITY
LOCATION
DATE OF MEETING
INDIVIDUAL, GROUPS/ ORGANIZATIONS CONSULTED
KEY ISSUES
COMPANY RESPONSE
DOCUMENTA -TION
REPORT BACK
8.4.12.6 Corrective Action Issues and disruptions that arise during consultation and disclosure meetings must be handled by the TPA Aie Dingin staff member in charge. Assistance from civil and law enforcement officials attending such meetings should be forthcoming; if not, this becomes a part of the issue requiring corrective action.
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Consultation and disclosure activities will be suspended, in cases where serious complaints, demonstrations, or disruptions arise. TPA Aie Dingin management will investigate the situation immediately and decide on, and implement, corrective action as necessary. Traffic and Transportation The traffic and transportation management plan (TTMP) is to be developed by the EPC contractor for construction and one for the implementation phase. 8.4.13.1 Objectives The TTMP will minimize traffic disruption to manage and mitage the following aspects during construction; • • • •
Dust concentration Traffic congestions Site access disruption Noise and Vibrations
The TTMP for the implementation phase will ensure that traffic disruption, dust concentration and noise and vibration of waste trucks receipt, loading and unloading and for mobilizing and demobilizing of filling material is minimized. The TTMP for implementation also contains the waste collection schedule optimized with increased frequency. 8.4.13.2 Management Strategies 8.4.13.2.1 Management for Dust Utilize vehicles that have passed the emission test. During dry season, wet road, wet vehicle to reduce dust accumulation. 8.4.13.2.2 Management for Traffic Congestions Timing of trucks during morning and afternoon hours to avoid conjection at peak traffic periods and noise impact to local residence along the transport routes at night. 8.4.13.2.3 Management for Noise and Vibrations Trucks/vehicle are not operated at night. Avoid running large/heavy vehicles at high spped and/or along minor roads. 8.4.13.3 Responsibilities EPC Contractor during construction, Dinas Kebersihan landfill operation staff during implementation. 8.4.13.4 Performance Indicators • No grievances from the community with regards to traffic/noise/dust. • Ensure traffic schedules are being implemented and complied with. 8.4.13.5 Monitoring and Reporting Any complaints as to the management of on-site waste are forwarded to the Director of TPA Aie Dingin as soon as practical. Complaints and any actions arising from a complaint are recorded in a complaints register maintained by site management
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8.4.13.6 Corrective Actions TPA Aie Dingin will recommend corrective actions as needed to comply with Indonesian regulations, this Plan, and good international best practice. Wastewater Management Plan The wastewater management plan is designed to manage process water usage and disposal, along with associated sludge and sediment. 8.4.14.1 Objectives Ensure compliance with all relevant provisions of Law No 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management and Minister of Environment Regulation Permen LH No 08 of 2009 on Wastewater Quality Standards for Thermal Power Generation. 8.4.14.2 Management Strategies The performance objectives above will be achieved by the following management strategies: • • • •
Divert clean stormwater runoff from site to prevent it entering operations area. Collect runoff from process area. Ensure waste is stored in areas that will not contaminate surface water runoff. Ensure discharge of process water meets Permen LH No 08 of 2009 requirements
8.4.14.3 Tasks The following actions are undertaken to implement the above management strategies: • • • • • • •
Install water treatment plants for water effluent discharge from project facilities. Install oil boom on the drainage near project facilities and roads to minimize oil spillage to water bodies. Establish sedimentation ponds to stabilize sedimentation and minimize water turbidity. Minimize land clearing in the riparian area to establish buffer zones surrounding the river and prevent erosion. Monitor discharge water to ensure that regulatory conditions are being met; Undertake ESMS/ESMP awareness training at inductions; Follow ESI-04 Wastewater Management instructions.
8.4.14.4 Responsibilities This ESMP is the responsibility of the Director of TPA Aie Dingin. The actions outlined in this Plan are the responsibility of management, foremen, and employees. Detailed responsibilities can be referred to in ESI-04 Wastewater Management. 8.4.14.5 Performance Indicators The indicators for wastewater management plan success are: • •
No contaminated run-off All scheduled wastewater parameter analytic reports show all parameters within wastewater quality threshold limits.
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8.4.14.6 Monitoring and Reporting Any complaints as to the management of on-site wastewater will be directed to the management of TPA Aie Dingin) as soon as practical. Complaints and any actions arising from a complaint are recorded in a complaints register to be maintained by site management. All scheduled wastewater monitoring is reported every 3 months to BLHD. 8.4.14.7 Corrective Actions Investigate any noncompliant run-off and any parameters breaching threshold limits. Water Quality 8.4.15.1 Objectives Minimise the impacts to water quality from waste facility operations; ensure compliance with the relevant provisions of Law No 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection, Minister of Health Regulation No. 416 of 1990 and Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001. 8.4.15.2 Management Strategies • Stringent on-site pollution control measures will be applied during the construction and operation phase to prevent soil contamination from oil and fuel. • Condition of vehicles and equipment will be periodically checked. • Equipment and vehicles will be regularly maintained in line with manufacturers’ recommendations. • Any spills will be contained and cleaned up. • All vehicles will carry absorbing pads. • Protective equipment and trays will be used when refueling or changing oil on vehicles and equipment. • Designated areas will be defined for the storage of fuel, lubricants, coolants, paint, solvents etc. • Avoidance of water pollution (both ground surface waters) by collecting and treating the leachate within the limits of local water quality standards. • A groundwater monitoring well network will be installed to allow for ongoing monitoring of groundwater quality both upgradient and down gradient of the facility. 8.4.15.3 Responsibilities This ESMS is the responsibility of the Director of the waste facility and landfill operations staff. The actions outlined in this plan are the responsibility of management, foremen, and employees. 8.4.15.4 Performance Indicators During the ESHIA studies baseline groundwater and surface water conditions will be established and will provide a benchmark from which to measure water quality performance of the facility. 8.4.15.5 Monitoring and Reporting Any complaints as to the management of groundwater and surface water quality will be directed to the management as soon as practical. Complaints and any actions arising from a complaint are recorded in a grievances register to be maintained by site management. All scheduled monitoring is reported to BLHD every 6 months, or as required.
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8.4.15.6 Corrective Actions Install and manage a groundwater monitoring well network and develop a surface water and groundwater monitoring program which adheres to adopted water performance indicators.
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9
REFERENCES
Kjeldsen, P., et al. (2002). "Present and Long-Term Composition of MSW Landfill Leachate: A Review." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 32(4): 297-336. Osterback, A. M. K. et al. (2015) « Long-term shifts in anthropogenic subsidies to gulls and implications for an imperiled fish », Biological Conservation (191) Padang City in Figures 2014 – 2017, Padang City Statistic Bureau Padang City Sanitation Strategy Update 2016 – 2020, DLHK Padang City Solid Waste Management Masterplan, DLHK Schrab, G. E., et al. (1993). "Acute and genetic toxicity of municipal landfill leachate." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 69(1): 99-112. TPA Aie Dingin Detailed Engineering Design Review 2015, DLHK TPA Aie Dingin Environmental Laboratory Analysis 2017, DLHK West Sumatera Province Regional Environmental Status 2015, DLHK
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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT PREPARATION FOR INDONESIA CONSOLIDATED COMMENTS ON DRAFT –ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS DRAFT ASSESSMENTS BY ESC SEPTEMBER 15, 2017
SG Reviewers: Kian Siong (KS), Lucy Mitchell (LM) DOCUMENT SECTION/REFERE NCE
COMMENTS
RESPONSE FROM CONSULTANT
General comments - Padang KS. Please provide executive summary
Executive summary has been added
KS. On the project description, please provide more specific the size or magnitude of the construction, e.g. on cell construction how many hectares, the same applies to capping and closure of cells, the LTP
Added in Chapter 2.4
KS. Please provide a section of project alternative, this should include if “no-project” alternative.
Added in Chapter 2.5
KS. Please assess if there will be cumulative impact and indirect impact during preconstruction, construction, operation and closure
Added in Chapter 6.6
KS. Please integrate the Appendix 3 ESMP into the main document.
Added in Chapter 8
1
DOCUMENT SECTION/REFERE NCE
COMMENTS
KS. Please note that there is no World Bank safeguard Policy as OP “being revised”, there are all in final version, e.g. Physical Culture Resource, it is OP 4.11. there is no process that it is being revised, and this OP 4.11 belongs to Environmental Policies not social (Makassar Report Page 18), again 4:12 is Involuntary Resettlement not “Compulsory Replacement” - many edits need to be made to improve readability of the report. LM. Compared to the Makassar document, this one is more focused and specific. It needs proper editing – there are many places where the name of the landfill is misspelt 1.4 and even half translated (as Cold Water!).
RESPONSE FROM CONSULTANT Chapter 3.2 and Appendix 2 have been revised
Chapter 1.4 has been revised
The document should be presented as prepared by/for GoI – please include covering pages for that purpose and include as a first departure point the reference to government regulations, and secondly to the WB. Eg (1.4 Purpose of the report) explain the context regarding existing baseline and impact analysis (AMDAL), and the gaps to be addressed in this document as update and to address additional requirements. LM. To enable the reader to readily find the key information the overall structure of the ESA needs some reworking (details are provided here in). - Introduction presents the WB-GOI project overall (my reading is that its too detailed and distracts from the topic at hand (suggest removing project components and possibly the reference to roadmap, other cities etc). -The Project background and methodology (Approach and methodology) as presented currently is more about ESC’s TOR and approach to tasks for WB; please change this to focus on the Aie Dinging ESA, include all information on methods, data sources etc here (currently dispersed in sections 5.1.1.1 and 5.2.9.1) -The legal and institutional framework – include GOI Amdal regulations, overview of scope, and city level (Makassar) regulations that are relevant to the sector (switch section 3.2 and 3.1). 2
No change has been made as this chapter was approved prior to draft submission Study methodology including the data source has been added in Chapter 2.2 Has been added in Appendix 1
DOCUMENT SECTION/REFERE NCE
COMMENTS -The WB env and safeguard policies – suggest changing the heading (e.g. “ screening and classification of Aie Dingin Landfill for ESA and safeguards managements” and 4.2 to include social; this section (4) includes background info on WB policies that could also be in Annexes (eg on types of project in different categories – much is not relevant to this project so does not need to be included here); -the gaps summary (table 4-1) is useful but should include key points of difference that are addressed in this ESA, for eg on Public Consultation, identification of vulnerable groups, GHG etc; - summary of screening and assessment of Tamangapa (Cat A) to be earlier in the document (currently on Page 30) . Please ammend the wording ‘ there is no planned land acquisition, resettlement, and/or loss of livelihood’ – in section 6.6.1 it says there will be land acquisition; there will be economic displacement, though these are not yet included (in 6.2 and 6.3) -Technical standards for sanitary landfills (3.3) is a 4 page table that can be replaced with a reference/link and/or included as an annex. It will be more useful to summarise the key elements of this landfill that are not compliant, to emphasis what the project interventions will be so impacts can be accurately assessed.
Line on cattle – needs to be consistent with data in the document. There are no firm Table 2-8 estimates where, but perhaps numbers of cattle owners and their figures from the survey could be extrapolated to provide some indication of the number of cattle roaming and/or depending for feed on the landfill Change colours so it is clear when printed / copied as black and white Figure 3-1 Specific comments – social baseline
3
RESPONSE FROM CONSULTANT Organization Structure in Chapter 3.4 has been revised
Heading in Chapter 4 has been revised Amendment to subsection 6.1.1 on land acquisition
Table Technical standards is removed to Appendix 3. Key elements in landfill that are not compliant has been added in Chapter 3.3. Number of cattles has been added to Table 2-8. Done
DOCUMENT SECTION/REFERE NCE -Data sources to be included here (to be consistent with Env section) OR per comment Section 4.2 , Page above, all data source and methods discussion to be compiled in one section, earlier in 30 the document Section 5.2 Social, Ec & cult Baseline -Demography (sex ratio figure needs a colon : ?) Referring to Table 5-13 and the 5.2.1 Demography explanation that follows, why would there be a lower than national average dependency ratio in Padang, and more importantly why the higher ration in the village nearest TPA, compared to the rest of the sub-district and the city? If there is any significant rationale related to the potentially affected people, please include it. COMMENTS
-Labour force – it says consists of population over 10 years. Please revise.
5.2.4 labour and Employment
-Livelihood and ec activities – are there any examples of what is meant by social services (as second ranking sector in padang?).
5.2.5 Livelihood and ec activities
Please add a description of dominant land uses in Balai Gadang village and around the TPA in particular. Suggests including section on livestock here (before religion)
5.2.7 Landuse
This is abit general; please add some specifics related to the villages nearest TPA. Why 5.2.9.1 societal is there no information on the adat organization mentioned? Rather than say we have organisation no data on its existence, can we find out what general roles they play and explain any
4
RESPONSE FROM CONSULTANT Data source has been included, an the section is moved to Chapter 2 This comment have not been respond yet, due to the lack of information/support ing data available to be analysed Has been change to 18 years old A sentence indicating the mening of social service has been added Short description of land uses in Balai Gadang has been added The section on livestock has been included here The comment on adat organization have not been added since the lack
DOCUMENT SECTION/REFERE NCE
COMMENTS that may be relevant to the project (vis a vis, land use, livestock, economy of waste pickers/trade) Revisit first sentence as it says Balai Gadang has 4006 households (I think this is for Koto Tangah?)
of data available on this matter
How far is the nearest puskesmas/health centre from the residents / PAP? In the table 5-20, what does the column ‘total’ refer to? The numbers do not add up. Sub section on health facilities in the study area would sit better next to the first subsection which is also on facilities in the wider area, then to be followed by the disease profile.
5.2.10 Public health
Not clear what ‘constitutive tables’ means. In the tables, not clear where the project area is (I think its no 11, perhaps this is all that is needed, rather than the whole table?)
5.2.11 env Sanitation conditions tables 5-23 and 524
Cross-check/Repeats material from Project description.
The total number of 4006 households not for Koto Tangah sub-district but for Balai Gadang Village, since this village is the combination of two ‘kelurahan’ (Aie Dingin and Baringin). The question on distance has been answered Table 5-20 has been revised
5.2.13 Results of Social Survey 5
RESPONSE FROM CONSULTANT
It has been paraphrased A sentence has been added after Table 523 to clarify the meaning The “General Overview …” section
DOCUMENT SECTION/REFERE NCE
COMMENTS Move to the start of the chapter (General overview of TPA Aie Dingin) as it does not fit midway through the 5th chapter
has been moved into Chapter 2, combined with existing narration by Alin (?)
Needs a language edit (for example: ‘ 5 people adjacent to the landfill were taken entirely as the respondents’); -move methods to the combined methods for the ESA section (see general comments); -Para 3 contains overview of the Balai Gadang households, number, RT etc, in context of sampling, but this info is a good overview, suggest it be positioned at the start of the Social baseline chapter. Waste picker profile (suggest this as title for 5.2.13.3) and the heading on housing be expanded to housing and access (as it also discusses access to education). Alternatively, the part on edn access could be combined with previous section that is on edn level.
5.2.13.2 Methodology
What does revolving income refer to?
5.2.13.3.4 Waste pickers income
Suggest heading be assets and skills; -what does ‘no manageable land’ mean? Is it arable, as is farming land? 75% of respondents claimed this, so it would be important to clarify the meaning.
5.2.13.3.6 wastepickers assets
6
RESPONSE FROM CONSULTANT
5.2.12.3.3 Waste pickers housing
The survey methodology section has been moved to Chapter 2
The section on PAP (waste picker, nonwaste pickers etc) profile has been moved into the 5.2.4. Livelihood and Economic Activities in the Project Affected Area The sentence has been revised and paraphrased the meaning is they don’t have any parcel land except for housing. It has been revised
COMMENTS Revise sentence that refers to informers (should be respondents); Is there any other information (qualitiative) that can be added to describe their economy? Options for addressing loss of income, or maximizing participation in TPA reform,etc, need to be included in mitigation plan, so such additional baseline data would be useful. -Suggest this could go after landuse? -How do we know there hundreds (200 or 900, for eg?). On both visits to the TPA I have not observed that many cattle – I haven’t been right inside the back blocks but need to be sure we can substantiate the mitigations for hundreds of cattle and their owners. -Please clarify on outside financiers; -Change 62 tails (etc) to head of cattle, or just 62 cattle -Consistent terms, livestock breeders, owners, cattle ranchers etc. Are they all the same or is it really referring to different parties in this sector? Specific comments – impacts and mitigations General comment – the authors need to decide and consistently apply a logic of unit to the analysis for this section; it is currently written with a mix of at least 3: the project activities as the impact (eg workforce and construction activity impacts on host communities), the component impacted (eg. biodiversity and habitat; community health and safety), and the impact itself (eg odor, litter). This not come across as a coherent assessment and makes for difficult review/communication to broader audiences. At the first paragraph of Ch 6 there is a dot point list of questions that would appear to be mistakenly included.
DOCUMENT SECTION/REFERE NCE 5.2.13.5 Waste Buyers
5.2.13.6 Livestock breeders
The sentence is deleted since the info on it is not so important The section on Livestock has been moved into Land Use section The paragraph has been revised to make it clearer
Sub-chapters for impact assessment have been revised.
6 impacts
The wording needs revising in this section as it sends mixed messages – that additional 6.1.2 land land is needed, that there is expansion under the project, etc. acquisition
7
RESPONSE FROM CONSULTANT
Revised. A sentence has been added to clarify that no land acquisition needed in this project
There is no section on economic impacts here. Please include, specifically related to waste pickers, waste buyers, livestock owners and wider community
DOCUMENT SECTION/REFERE NCE 6.1.5 Indigenous peoples 6.2.9 Community health and safety 6.2.10 OHS 6.2.11 Workforce and Construction Activities 6.3 Ops Phase impacts
The last paragraph is on livestock. Please reposition it or give it its own heading and revisit wording, including quantitative data from survey /estimates etc.
6.3.12 Community Perception
Tables to be revised to reflect changes made in baseline/impacts chapter The heading does not reflect the content (cross check to Appendix 6) The mechanism outlined is very generic and appears to be taken from a private sector example (cites ‘Corporate Affairs Director’, ‘CSR Manager’, Grievance Redress Unit Field Teamand Grievance committees, etc, none of which are usual in government owned/operated assets such as TPA Aie Dingin). Please revised based on discussion and agreement with the relevant parties, include the appropriate details etc.
7 Mitigations Appendices App 4 – Public Consultation and Grievance Mechanism App 6 – Public Consultation (add: Undertaken for ESA and Mitigation Planning) App 7 LARAF
COMMENTS Reword per comments on Makassar doc This is too general and too lengthy (not commensurate with significance of the impact or in comparison with the other impacts identified). It includes mitigations which should be mentioned in the management plan rather than here. Revise to include more description of impact and reserve (remove) the mitigation discussion from this section (eg parts of paragraphs 2 and 3).
LARAF LARAF applies to the whole SWM project, however for the specific sites (ie Padang), a draft LARAP is needed. What is provided is too generic, it is just an outline. It needs to 8
RESPONSE FROM CONSULTANT This is not relevant in Padang case Mitigations have been removed. Mitigations have been removed. A section on economic impact has been included The paragraph has been moved into the next section on economic impact Done Grievance Mechanism in Appendix 5 has been adjusted according to the Dinas’s structure.
LARAPF has been revised in Appendix 6.
DOCUMENT SECTION/REFERE NCE
COMMENTS include the data and details relevant to this project, and flag what data gaps/details (such as full census, cut off date, negotiation of compensation and livelihood restitution) will be completed to finalise the LARAP after project is commenced.
9
RESPONSE FROM CONSULTANT
APPENDIX 2 – INDONESIAN LAWS AND REGULATIONS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
No. 1.
2.
Regulation
Summary
Requirement
National Level – Solid Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No 59/2016 on Leachate Threshold Limit Value for Waste Final Disposal Activity
This regulation sets the threshold limit value Key requirements stipulated: for effluent of leachate treatment plant and A. All waste final disposal activities must have Environmental the obligation to monitor groundwater and Permit. leachate effluent regularly from waste final B. All leachate generated must be treated in leachate disposal activity. treatment plant (LTP) and meet threshold limit value before being discharged to the environment. C. Leachate effluent must be monitored at least once every month in an accredited laboratory. D. Monitoring well must be installed in the upstream and downstream of final disposal. E. Groundwater must be monitored at least once every three months and following the parameters as shown in the Appendix of this regulation. F. Report to the regent/mayor, copy to governor, minister and related institutions at least once every 3 months regarding leachate discharge and pH, daily waste input, climatology data, groundwater analysis and leachate analysis. Government Regulation Number This regulation focuses on Determination of B3 The regulation stipulates: 101 Year 2014 about Hazardous waste, B3 Waste Reduction, B3 Waste Storage, A. Determination of B3 waste; Waste (B3) Management. B3 Waste Collection, Transport of B3 Waste, B. B3 Waste Reduction; Utilization of B3 Waste, Waste Treatment B3, C. B3 Waste Storage; B3 Waste Landfill, Dumping (Disposal) of B3 D. B3 Waste Collection; Waste, Exemption of B3 waste, Transboundary E. Transport of B3 Waste;
1
No.
Regulation
Summary
Requirement
movement of B3 waste, Environmental Pollution Control and/or Environmental Damage and Recovery Environmental Functions, Emergency Response System in B3 Waste Management, Coaching, Supervision, Financing and Administrative sanctions.
3.
Minister of Public Work Regulation No 03/2013 on Implementation of Waste Infrastructure in Household and Similar Household Type Waste Management
This regulation focuses on the planning for, and implementation of, holistic municipal solid waste (MSW) master plan solutions at a regional or local level and covers the general planning of MSW services, landfill infrastructure design standards, the provision of MSW processing/disposal facilities and the closure/rehabilitation of landfills.
F. G. H. I. J. K. L.
Utilization of B3 Waste; Waste Treatment B3; B3 Waste Landfill; Dumping (Disposal) of B3 Waste; Exemption of B3 waste; Transboundary movement of B3 waste; Environmental Pollution Control And/or Environmental Damage and Recovery Environmental Functions; M. Emergency Response System in B3 Waste Management; N. Coaching; O. supervision; P. financing; and Q. Q. Administrative sanctions. This regulation aims to: a. Realize the implementation of waste infrastructure which is effective, efficient, and environmentally sound; b. Increase the coverage of waste management services; c. Improve public health and environmental quality; d. Protect water resources, land, and air pollution as well as climate change mitigation; and e. Making waste as a resource. General plan implementation of waste infrastructure includes: a. Master plan; b. Feasibility studies; and c. Technical planning and waste management General planning for the implementation of waste infrastructure
2
No.
Regulation
Summary
Requirement for big and metropolitan cities consists of: a. Master plan; and b. Feasibility study. Waste management activities include: a. Sorting, at least for 5 types of waste; - Waste containing hazardous and toxic materials; - Degradable waste; - Waste that can be reused; - Waste that can be recycled; and - Others. b. Performance sorting: - Every person at the source; - Management of residential areas, commercial areas, industrial areas, special areas, public facilities, social facilities, and other facilities; and - The regency/city. c. Waste Container: - Given a label or mark; - Differentiated materials, shape and/or colour of the container; and - Using a container that covered with lid. d. Waste collection, consists of: - Direct individual system; - Indirect individual system; - Direct communal system; - Indirect communal system; and - Street sweeping.
3
No.
Regulation
Summary
Requirement Means of waste collection: - Motorcycle cart waste; - Hand cart waste; and/or - Bicycle cart waste. e. Waste transportation, with: - Dump truck/tipper truck; - Arm-roll truck; - Compactor truck; - Street sweeper vehicle; and - Trailer. f. Waste treatment, include; - Compaction; - Composting; - Recycling of waste materials; and - Turning waste into energy sources. g. Final waste processing is done using: - Control landfill methods; - Sanitary landfill methods; and/or - Environmentally friendly technology.
4.
Household waste, similar household type waste and waste residues can be disposed of to landfill until 2025. After 2025 only residue that can be disposed of to landfill. Minister of Environment Regulation This regulations outlines the procedures of Community can be involved through: No 17/2012 on Community community involvement throughout • For project which required AMDAL public Involvement in Environmental environmental impact assessment and announcement, feedback submission, public consultation Impact Assessment and environmental permit process. Community prior to Terms of Reference (Kerangka Acuan ANDAL)
4
No.
Regulation Environmental Permit Process
5.
Summary
Requirement
involvement aims to inform community, particularly project affected people, about the proposed project. Thus, community can give feedback regarding the project and involve in decision-making process to decide project’s eligibility to the environment.
•
preparation and involvement as AMDAL Appraisal Comission. For project which requires UKL-UPL public announcement, feedback submission and announcement after issuance of environmental permit.
Public announcement is informed through newspaper and public bulletin board. Minister of Environment Regulation This regulation provides guidelines on Waste Bank is a place to collect and segregate the waste that can No 13/2012 on Guidelines for implementation of 3R activities through waste be reused/recycled that have economic value. Implementation of Reduce, Reuse banks, including requirements of waste banks, and Recycle through Waste Bank mechanism of waste banks, implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility, hereinafter abbreviated as waste banks, institutional arrangement of EPR is a strategy that was designed in order to integrate the waste banks and integration of extended environmental cost into the whole process of production of the producer responsibility (EPR) into waste banks. goods until the product can no longer be used so that the environment becomes part of the cost component of the market price of the product. The scope of this regulation include: a. Waste Bank requirements; b. Mechanism of action of the Waste Bank; c. Implementation of the Waste Bank; and d. Who implementing the Waste Bank. Waste Bank requirements may include: a. Construction of buildings; and b. Management system of Waste Bank.
5
No.
Regulation
Summary
Requirement
6.
Minister of Public Work Regulation This Ministerial Regulation aims to realize the No 19/2012 on Regional Spatial spatial arrangement area around the landfill Arrangement Guideline around Final that is more orderly and controlled. Waste Processing Facility
7.
Minister of Environment Regulation No 16/2012 on Guidelines for Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment
Mechanism of action of Waste Bank referred to in include: a. Waste segregation; b. Delivery of waste to the Waste Bank; c. Weighing waste; d. Recording/archiving; e. Proceeds from sales of delivered waste put into savings books; and Revenue sharing between savers and Waste Bank management. Article 2 (1) This Ministerial Regulation is intended as a reference for the government District / municipality, waste management, and community In the arrangement of space around the landfill area. (2) This Ministerial Regulation aims to realize spatial arrangement area around the landfill that is more orderly and controlled. (3) The scope of this Ministerial Regulation shall include: a. Determination of area around TPA; b. Determining the distance of subzona in the area around TPA; and c. Technical provisions of spatial arrangement of the area around TPA. This permit specifies the ways to prepare Environmental Impact Assessment which an AMDAL document consists of:
This regulation specifies the ways to prepare Environmental Impact Assessment which an AMDAL document consists of: (a) the Terms of Reference, (b) an Environmental Impact 1. the Terms of Reference; Statement (ANDAL) and (c) an Environmental 2. an Environmental Impact Statement (ANDAL); and
6
No.
Regulation
Summary Management Plan and Monitoring Plan (RKL-RPL).
8.
Requirement Environmental
3. an Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan (RKL-RPL). The document must be prepared by a certified AMDAL consultant. As part of the AMDAL documents, an activities plan must be prepared and publicly announced. The public must be given 10 business days to provide feedback on the activities plan. The AMDAL will be evaluated by the AMDAL Evaluation Commission (Komisi Penilai AMDAL) established at the relevant level of government, which will issue a recommendation to that government. Minister of Environment Regulation This regulation focuses on type of business There are 14 types of businesses are required to have an No 5/2012 on Activities Requiring and/or activity that required to have environmental impact analysis (annex I Lh Candy No. 5 of 2012), Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment. including: 1. Multi Sector 2. Defense 3. Agriculture 4. Fisheries and Marine 5. Forestry 6. Transportation 7. Satellite technology 8. Industrial 9. Public works 10. Housing and residential areas 11. Energy and mineral resources 12. Tourism Sector 13. Nuclear energy 14. Hazardous waste management
7
No.
9.
Regulation
Government Regulation No 81/2012 on Waste Management of Household Waste and Similar Household Type Waste
Summary
Requirement
This regulation focuses on preserving environmental standards through the management of waste as a resource. The regulation allows for targets to be set for waste reduction, emphasizes waste segregation at source and requires consideration to be given to recycling and reuse in the design of products and packaging.
Type of business or activity shall be determined based on the significant potential environmental impacts analysis, and uncertainty of technological capabilities available to cope with the negative impacts that will arise. Government Regulation includes: a. Policy and strategy of waste management; b. Implementation of waste management; c. Compensation; d. Development and application of treatment technology; e. Information system; f. Role of communities; and g. Training.
Implementation of waste management includes waste reduction and waste handling. Waste reduction includes reduce, reuse and recycling. Waste handling includes segregation, collection, transportation, treatment and final disposal. 10. Government Regulation No 27/2012 This regulation focusses on every business Article 1: on Environmental Permit and/or activities that are required to have EIA a. Environmental permit is a permit given to the parties or UKL-UPL obliged to have the Environmental conducting business and/or activities that required Permit. environmental impact assessment or UKL-UPL in the framework of Environmental Management and Protection as a prerequisite for obtaining permits of business and/or activities; b. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a study of the significant impact of a business and/or activities planned to
8
No.
Regulation
Summary
Requirement the environment that required for the decision making process on the implementation of business and/or activities; c. Environmental Management Effort and Environmental Monitoring Effort or UKL / UPL, is the management and monitoring of business and/or activities that do not have a significant impact to the environment that necessary for the decision making process on the implementation of business and/or activities.
11. Minister of Home Affairs Regulation This regulations describes guidelines on waste No 33/ 2010 on Guidelines for management, including local government Waste Management responsibilities, institutional arrangement, incentives and disincentives, cooperation and partnership, waste service retribution, compensation, community involvement, monitoring and development, reporting and financing aspect. 12. Minister of Environment Regulation This regulation describes the types of B3 waste No 18/ 2009 on Obtaining Permits management activities for which permit is
9
Article 2: a. Every business and/or activities that are required to have EIA or UKL-UPL obliged to have the Environmental Permit; b. Environmental Permit obtained through phases of activities that include: - making of Amdal and UKL-UPL; - EIA assessment and examination of UKL-UPL; and - Application and issuance of Environmental Permit a. The local government have to develop plan of waste reduction and waste management; b. Providing incentives and disincentives; c. Cost recovery (Retribution); d. The local government can do cooperation between local governments or partnering with business entities in waste management; and e. Provision of compensation to the community as the negative impact of the final processing of waste. The types of B3 waste management activities for which permit is required are:
No.
Regulation
Summary
Requirement a. b. c. d. e. f.
for Storage, Treatment and Disposal required. of Hazardous Waste
13. Law No 32/2009 on Protection and Management of the Environment
transportation; temporary storage; collection; utilization; treatment; and stockpiling.
A B3 waste producer may not conduct B3 waste collection item c. Permit for collection item c may only be granted if: a. B3 waste utilization technology is available; and/or b. a cooperation contract is entered into with parties undertaking B3 waste treatment and/or stockpiling. It is required that the cooperation contract item b stipulate the obligations of the respective parties in the eventuality of environmental pollution. Utilization item d may be: a. a primary activity; or b. a non-primary activity. This regulation focuses on environmental Article 12: protection and management defining the a. The utilization of natural resources carried out based on planning, utilization, control, maintenance, Environmental Management and Protection Plan (Rencana supervision and law enforcement. The Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup or PPLH); provision for environmental protection in b. In the case Environmental Management and Protection Plan general is regulated by this regulation. referred to in paragraph (a) has not been arranged, the utilization of natural resources carried out based on the carrying capacity and the capacity by paying attention to: - Sustainability of the processes and functions of the environment; - Sustainability of environmental productivity; and
10
No.
Regulation
Summary
Requirement - Safety, quality of life, and well-being of society. Article 13: a. Control of pollution and/or environmental damage done in the framework of environment conservation; b. Control of pollution and/or damage to the environment as referred to in paragraph (a) shall include prevention, countermeasures and recovery; and c. Control of pollution and/or damage to the environment as referred to in paragraph (a) shall be implemented by the Government, local government, and the person in charge of the business and/or activity in accordance with the authority, roles, and responsibilities of each. Article 20: a. Determination of environmental pollution measured through environmental quality standards; b. Environmental quality standards include: - Water quality standards; - Waste water quality standards; - Sea water quality standard; - Ambient air quality standard; - Emission standards; - Interference standards, and - Another quality standard in accordance with the development of science and technology. c. Every person is allowed to dispose the waste into the environment with the following requirements: - Meet environmental quality standards; and - Permission of the Minister, governor or mayor in 11
No.
Regulation
Summary
Requirement
accordance with the authority. 14. Law No 18/2008 on Waste The first comprehensive national waste law for Waste management aims to improve public health and Management Indonesia, establishing the principles for public environmental quality and treat waste as a valuable resource. SWM services, providing incentive and Waste managed under this Act includes household waste, similar disincentive mechanisms, defining how household type waste and specific waste. Management of responsibilities for SWM are shared between household waste consists of waste reduction and waste handling. the various levels of government, facilitating community-based SWM systems and private sector participation in SWM and setting out the penalties for disobeying the law. 15. Minister of Public Works Regulation This regulations outlines National Policy and Based upon the Minister of Public Works regulation No 21/2006 on National Policy and Strategy of Waste Management System (21/PRT/M/2006) the Government of Indonesia issued a new Strategy of Waste Management Development (KSNP-SPP) as guidelines for guideline Law in 2008 which outlines the Solid Waste System Development (KSNP-SPP) arrangement, implementation and Management responsibilities for the local governments. development of environmental friendly solid The tasks of the Government of Indonesia and the local waste management system. governments are to ensure that waste management is implemented in a proper manner, based upon environmentally sound management practices and in line with the objective of the Law. Key guideline components in the Law are the implementation of activities/programs that concentrate on the 3R approach. Focusing on generation, collection and disposal, the Law proposes a number of activities/programs to be implemented, including: a. Public awareness; b. Institutional strengthening; c. MSW collection improvement; and d. Improved disposal, recovery and reuse.
12
No.
Regulation
Summary
Requirement
MUNICIPALITY LEVEL – PADANG 16. Padang City Regional Regulation No This regulation describes the various aspects of • 21 of 2012 on Solid Waste solid waste management in Padang City Management including rights and obligations, permit, waste reduction and waste handling, incentive and disincentive, cooperation, retribution for waste • services, financing and compensation, community role, grievance mechanism, prohibition, dispute resolution, supervison and development, reporting, as well as sanction.
• •
•
•
13
The local government is required to prepare a masterplan for solid waste management that will be the basis for preparing the strategic plan, along with national and provincial policy and strategy in solid waste management. Implementation of solid waste management by the local government consists of waste reduction, i.e. limitation of waste generation, waste recycling, waste reuse; and waste handling, i.e. sorting, collection, transportation, treatment, and final processing. In conducting waste management services, the local government may apply retribution fee based on applicable regulation. All enterprises in waste transportation, treatment, and final processing must obtain permit from the mayor. The local government acts as facilitator, supervisor, and asessor for individual, institution, and enterprise in conducting waste management. The local government is required to finance the implementation of waste management, as well as provide compensation to people imposed to negative impacts from final processing activities. The local government is required encourage community role in waste management, and the community has the right to raise complaints to related institutions in return.
APPENDIX 2 - THE WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES Policy OP/BP 4.00 – Piloting the Use of Borrower Systems to Address Environmental and Social Safeguard Issues in Bank-Supported Projects
OP/BP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment
OP/BP 4.02 – Environmental Action Plans
OP/BP 4.03 – Performance Standards for Private Sector Activites
OP/BP 4.04 – Natural Habitats
OP 4.09 – Pest Management
OP/BP 4.10 – Indigenous Peoples
OP/BP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources
Key Requirements The Bank considers a borrower's environmental and social safeguard system to be equivalent to the Bank's if the borrower's system is designed to achieve the objectives and adhere to the applicable operational principles. If the borrower has to fill gaps in its system to meet the objectives and applicable principles and is committed to doing so, the Bank may, when determining equivalence take account of measures to improve the borrower's system. The Bank requires environmental assessment of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable and thus to improve decision making. For this reason, the Bank requires the environmental assessment of these projects, environmental and social risk assessment, public participation in decision making. The Bank encourages and supports the efforts of borrowing governments to prepare and implement an appropriate Environmental Action Plan (EAP) and to revise it periodically as necessary. Although the Bank may provide advice, responsibility for preparing and implementing the EAP rests with the government, and the EAP is the country's plan. The eight IFC Performance Standards have been adopted by the Bank as the World Bank Performance Standards for Projects Supported by the Private Sector for application to Bank support for projects (or components thereof) that are designed, owned, constructed and/or operated by a Private Entity. The Bank promotes and supports natural habitat conservation and improved land use by financing projects designed to integrate into national and regional development the conservation of natural habitats and the maintenance of ecological functions. Furthermore, the Bank promotes the rehabilitation of degraded natural habitats. The Bank does not support projects that, in the Bank's opinion, involve the significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats. In assisting borrowers to manage pests that affect either agriculture or public health, the Bank supports a strategy that promotes the use of biological or environmental control methods and reduces reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. The Bank requires that any pesticides it finances be manufactured, packaged, labeled, handled, stored, disposed of, and applied according to standards acceptable to the Bank For all projects that are proposed for Bank financing and affect Indigenous Peoples, the Bank requires the borrower to engage in a process of free, prior, and informed consultation. The Bank provides project financing only where free, prior, and informed consultation results in broad community support to the project by the affected Indigenous Peoples. The Bank assists countries to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on physical cultural resources from development projects that it finances. The borrower addresses impacts on 1
Policy
OP/BP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement
OP/BP 4.36 – Forests
OP/BP 4.37 – Safety of Dams
OP/BP 7.60 – Projects in Disputed Areas
OP/BP 7.50 – Projects on International Waterways
Key Requirements physical cultural resources in projects proposed for Bank financing, as an integral part of the environmental assessment (EA) process. This policy is aimed to minimize resettlements, assist the population exposed to involuntary resettlement, hamper decreasing of their income and living standards, compensate for the damages occurred during their resettlement, loss of their source of income and residence. Resettlement planning and policy description is required. The management, conservation, and sustainable development of forest eco-systems and their associated resources are essential for lasting poverty reduction and sustainable development, whether located in countries with abundant forests or in those with depleted or naturally limited forest resources. The Bank does not finance projects that, in its opinion, would involve significant conversion or degrada-tion of critical forest areas or related critical natural habitats. The Bank distinguishes between small and large dams. Small dams are normally less than 15 m in height. This category includes, for example, farm ponds, local silt retention dams, and low embankment tanks. For small dams, generic dam safety measures designed by qualified engineers are usually adequate. Projects in disputed areas may raise a number of delicate problems affecting relations not only between the Bank and its member countries, but also between the country in which the project is carried out and one or more neighboring countries. In order not to prejudice the position of either the Bank or the countries concerned, any dispute over an area in which a proposed project is located is dealt with at the earliest possible stage. This policy applies to the following types of international waterways: (a) any river, canal, lake, or similar body of water that forms a boundary between, or any river or body of surface water that flows through, two or more states, whether Bank members or not; (b) any tributary or other body of surface water that is a component of any waterway described in (a) above.
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APPENDIX 3 - TECHNICAL STANDARDS FOR SANITARY LANDFILL
Minister of Public Work Regulation No. 03/PRT/M/2013 on Implementation of Waste Infrastructure in Household and Similar Household Type Waste Management
World Bank Sanitary Landfill Siting and Design Guidance 1.
General Requirement 1.
2.
3.
4.
Waste treatment in landfill must include 4 (four) main activities, including waste segregation, waste recycling for non-organic waste, composting for organic waste and landfilling Landfill must be equipped with buffer zone and operated as sanitary landfill for metropolitan city and controlled landfill for moderate/small size city. Procedure of Landfill Planning must comply following requirements: a. Availability of landfill’s operational expense (OPEX). b. Waste must be reduced through 3R activity prior entering the landfill. c. Only municipal solid waste is allowed to enter the landfill, any hazardous waste must be treated according to the regulation. d. In a city with limited available land, it is necessary to develop regional landfill and establish the institution to manage the landfill. Any livestock activity which using the waste in landfill as livestock feed is not allowed.
2.
Technical Requirement 1.
2.
3.
Selection of landfill location must meet the requirements as stated in SNI 03-3241-1994 on Landfill Location Selection Procedure. Landfill planning must consider the following aspects: a. City and regional spatial plan, land use and utilization plan of closed landfill. b. Economic capacity of local government and community in deciding the most appropriate technology in landfill. c. Physical and geological condition of the site, such as topography, soil type, soil porosity, groundwater level, surrounding surface water, tidal condition, wind, climate and rainfall in order to decide the landfilling method. d. Existing road network development plan in order to decide landfill access road. e. Any landfill in hilly area must consider
4.
1
Adequate land area and volume to provide sanitary landfill capacity to meet projected needs for at least 10 years, so that costly investments in access roads, drainage, fencing, and weighing stations are justifiable. For siting purposes, land area requirements shall be estimated based on the landfill cell area required (typically for a depth of 10-25 meters; a final solid waste density of 8001,000 kg/cubic meter, and a minimum soil to refuse ratio of 1: 6), as well as about 2-4 hectares for the receiving area, 2-4 hectares for the leachate treatment and/or evaporation ponds, and additional 10% land for a landscaped buffer zone. Preferably, a site accessible within 30 minutes travel time (a function of road and traffic conditions) is to be sought, even if it means buying land, because of the need to avoid adversely affecting the productivity of collection vehicles. At distances greater than 30 minutes travel, for collection operations to be economic, investment in either large capacity collection vehicles (5 tonnes per load or greater) or transfer stations with large capacity vehicles (20 tonnes or greater) would be necessary. If transfer stations are required, the landfill should be accessible within 2 hours of travel time (one-way) by transfer trucks from the transfer station. Otherwise, for longer distances, transfer by rail or barge directly to the landfill site needs to be considered. Siting of rail or barge transfer sites within the refuse collection area may be difficult. Double handling by truck transfer and by rail or barge transfer units should be avoided because of costs. Accessible from a competent paved public road which has an adequate width, slope, visibility and construction to accommodate the projected truck traffic. To minimize landfill development costs, the requirement for new access road construction generally should be less than 10 km for large landfills serving metropolitan areas and less than 3
Minister of Public Work Regulation No. 03/PRT/M/2013 on Implementation of Waste Infrastructure in Household and Similar Household Type Waste Management 3.
4.
World Bank Sanitary Landfill Siting and Design Guidance
landslide possibility. A landfill must comply with the environmental requirements as follow: a. A sanitary landfill is required for cities of a big and metropolitan while a controlled landfill is required for cities of a moderate/small size. b. Must be equipped with leachate control to avoid pollution on soil, groundwater and surface water c. Must be equipped with leachate gas and odour control to avoid air quality pollution, fire or smoke and Green House Gas (GHG) emission d. Must be equipped with disease vector control. Landfill facilities and infrastructure to support the above mentioned requirements are as follow: a. Public facility: access road, office/security post, drainage and fence b. Environmental protection facility: impermeable lining, leachate collection system, leachate treatment plant, landfill gas vent, buffer zone and cover soil c. Supporting facilities: weighbridge, clean water utilities, electricity utilities, workshop and garage d. Operational facilities: heavy equipment and soil truck
5.
6.
7.
Landfill Siting Landfill siting must consider the following aspects: 1. 2.
3.
4. 5.
6.
Spatial Plan The site should not be within an area with geological formations of sandstone, limestone and porous dolomite and within a seismically active area prone to earthquake, landslides, floods The site should not be in a hydrogeologically vulnerable area or where the ground water depth is at least 4 meters and the nearest surface water is 100 m. Minimum distance with an airport is 1,500 m – 3,000 m. Low rainfall with the low wind speed and dominant wind doesn’t direct to settlement area. The slope of the landfill should not exceed 20%
8.
9.
2
km for small landfills serving secondary cities. A gently sloped topography, preferably amenable to development of sanitary landfill by the Cell (Bund) method, with slopes which minimize the need for earthmoving to obtain the correct leachate drainage slope of about 2%. ·Groundwater's seasonally high table level (i.e., 10 year high) is at least 1.5 meters below the proposed base of any excavation or site preparation to enable landfill cell development. A minimum depth of 1 meter of relatively impermeable soils above the groundwater's seasonable high level exists (preferably, less than 10-9 meters/second permeability when undisturbed). If these criteria is not met, use of impermeable clay and/or plastic liners may be required to protect groundwater quality. Availability on-site of suitable soil cover material to meet the needs for intermediate (minimum of 30 cm depth) and final cover (minimum of 60 cm depth), as well as bund construction (for the Cell method of landfill). Preferably, the site would have adequate soil to also meet daily cover needs (usually a minimum of 15 cm depth of soil). However, daily cover needs can be alternatively met by using removable tarps, other relatively inert materials (i.e., compost residuals), or by removing the previously laid daily soil cover at the start of each day for reuse at the end of the same day. For purposes of siting, assume that at least 1 cubic meter of daily, intermediate, and final compacted soil cover is needed for every 6 cubic meters of compacted refuse. In most developing countries with highly organic wastes and warm climates, compacted refuse (after one year of natural consolidation and decomposition within warm and wet climates) achieves a density of 800-1000 kg/cubic meter. None of the areas within the landfill boundaries are part of the 10-year groundwater recharge area for existing or pending water supply development. No private or public drinking, irrigation, or livestock water supply wells within 500 meters downgradient of the landfill boundaries, unless alternative water supply sources are readily and economically
Minister of Public Work Regulation No. 03/PRT/M/2013 on Implementation of Waste Infrastructure in Household and Similar Household Type Waste Management 7. 8.
World Bank Sanitary Landfill Siting and Design Guidance
The site should not be within productive land and protected zone, such as protected forest Community acceptance 10.
Site Plan Site plan of sanitary landfill and controlled landfill must consider the following items: 1. 2.
3. 4.
11.
Site optimization There should be adequate distance between the site and public road. It can be arranged by fencing the landfill with green belt, while functioning as buffer zone. Leachate treatment plant should be placed in the lower level to create gravitational leachate flow. Operational landfill road must be adjusted to cell sequence.
12.
13.
Landfill Facilities and Infrastructure 1.
2. a.
b.
14.
General facilities a. Access road should be able to facilitate waste truck from two directions, width 8 m with 2 – 3% slope direct to drainage, class 3 road type, axle road 10 ton and 30 km/hour vehicle speed. b. Operation road, consists of operational road during waste filling (temporary), operational road surrounding the landfill (permanent) and operational road connecting each facilities (permanent). c. Supporting buildings, such as office, car wash, warehouse and workshop d. Drainage to collect run-off from deposit waste e. Fencing f. Landfill nameplate Environmental Protection Facilities Bottom liner • Bottom liner must be impermeable with coefficient less than 10-6 cm/second by using either compacted clay (30 cm x 2) or geomembrane (1.5 – 2 mm). • Must be equipped with leachate collection system. Leachate Collection and Treatment System • Leachate collection pipe consists of primary and secondary pipe. • Leachate treatment plant, several technology alternatives in Indonesia are as follow: o Alternative 1: anaerobic pond,
15.
16.
17.
18.
3
available and the owner(s) gives written consent to the potential risk of well abandonment. No environmentally significant wetlands of important biodiversity or reproductive value are present within the potential area of the landfill cell development. No known environmentally rare or endangered species breeding areas or protected living areas are present within the site boundaries. If this criteria is not met, alternative habitats of comparable quality for relocation of the species would need to be available. No significant protected forests are within 500 meters of the landfill cell development area. No open areas of high winds, otherwise windblown litter will not be readily manageable. No major lines of electrical transmission or other infrastructure (i.e., gas, sewer, water lines) are crossing the landfill cell development area, unless the landfill operation would clearly cause no concern or rerouting is economically feasible. No underlying limestone, carbonate, fissured or other porous rock formations which would be incompetent as barriers to leachate and gas migration, where the formations are more than 1.5 meter in thickness and present as the uppermost geologic unit above sensitive groundwaters. No underlying underground mines which could be adversely affected by surface activities of landfilling, or minable resources which could be rendered less accessible by landfilling, unless the owner(s) gives explicit consent. No residential development within 250 meters from the perimeter of the proposed landfill cell development. No visibility of the proposed landfill cell development area from residential neighborhoods within 1 km. If residents live within 1 km of the site, landscaping and protective berms would need to be incorporated into the design to minimize visibility of operations. Curving of the access road is recommended to avoid visibility of the active portions of the landfill from the main road.
Minister of Public Work Regulation No. 03/PRT/M/2013 on Implementation of Waste Infrastructure in Household and Similar Household Type Waste Management
c.
d.
World Bank Sanitary Landfill Siting and Design Guidance
facultative pond, maturation pond and biofilter o Alternative 2: anaerobic pond, facultative pond, maturation pond and wetland o Alternative 3: Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) with aerated lagoon o Alternative 4: Coagulation-flocculation stage, sedimentation, anaerobic pond or ABR o Alternative 5: Coagulation-flocculation stage, sedimentation I, aerated lagoon, sedimentation II. • Effluent quality standard must follow the applicable regulation. Gas collection system • Gas vent should be installed in sequence starting from bottom layer of waste and can be connect to leachate collection pipe. Gas vent should be HDPE pipe with diameter 150 mm surrounded by gabion channel with diameter 400 mm and filled with crushed stone with diameter 50-100 mm. gas vent height will depend on waste layer height (add 50 cm in each waste layer). Vent pipe on the final layer must be equipped with iron pipe diameter 150 mm. Distance between each vent pipe ranged from 50 – 70 m. • In sanitary landfill, gas pipe must be collected and transferred to gas flaring unit. • Several options of gas collection system; horizontal vent (to catch gas flow within particular waste layer or cell), vertical vent (to direct the gas flow upward) and final vent (installed after the completion of final waste layer, can be connected to gas flaring system or other gas collection facility). Cover soil • It must be used to control litter, fire hazard, odour, disease vector, and leachate production. • Cover soil should be permeable type. • Sanitary landfill requires daily cover while controlled landfill required periodically cover. • The width of daily cover ranged from 10-15 cm, intermediate cover ranged from 30-40 cm and final cover ranged from 50-100 cm. • Slope of daily cover should be adequate to flow the run-off from the top soil. It should
19. No perennial stream within 300 meters downgradient of the proposed landfill cell development, unless diversion, culverting or channeling is economically and environmentally feasible to protect the stream from potential contamination. 20. No significant seismic risk within the region of the landfill which could cause destruction of berms, drains or other civil works, or require unnecessarily costly engineering measures, otherwise side slopes may need to be adjusted to be gentler than the maximum of 2.5:1. 21. No fault lines or significantly fractured geologic structure within 500 meters of the perimeter of the proposed landfill cell development which would allow unpredictable movement of gas or leachate. 22. No siting within 3 km of a turbojet airport and 1.6 km of a piston-type airport. For sites located more than 3 km and less than 8 km from the nearest turbojet airport (or more than 1.6 km and less than 8 km from the nearest piston-type airport), no consideration is to be given unless the aviation authority has provided written permission stating that it considers the location as not threatening to air safety. 23. No siting within a floodplain subject to 10year floods and, if within areas subject to a 100-year flood, must be amenable to an economic design which would eliminate the potential for washout. 24. Avoid siting within 1 km of socio-politically sensitive sites where public acceptance might be unlikely (i.e., memorial sites, churches, schools) and avoid access roads which would pass by such culturally sensitive sites.
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Minister of Public Work Regulation No. 03/PRT/M/2013 on Implementation of Waste Infrastructure in Household and Similar Household Type Waste Management
e. f.
not be more than 1:3 to avoid erosion. Final cover must be layered with top soil and must be planted with vegetation. • If cover soil is unavailable, several alternatives can be used as substitute; biodegradable liners, compost, tarpaulin or biodegradable membrane. • If cover soil is limited, the cover soil or tarpauline can be re-used for the next layer. Buffer zone Groundwater monitoring well
3. a. b. c.
Supporting Facilities Weighbridge Clean water utilities Workshop/garage, min. space for 3 vehicles
4. a.
Operational facilities Heavy equipments
World Bank Sanitary Landfill Siting and Design Guidance
•
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APPENDIX 4 - PUBLIC PARTICIPATION & DISCLOSURE DOCUMENTS
Public consultation is part of the process in a project development to obtain inputs from stakeholders in improving the project. The purpose of the public consultation is to: •
present draft reports and assessments to ensure fulfillment of environmental and social aspects, in accordance with the applicable laws and legislation;
•
obtain feedback from stakeholders to improve these reports and to assess the extent of how a project can be implemented; and
•
obtain feedback about the role of the parties in the implementation of a project.
At various stages of the due diligence and assessment process, the public is being consulted by the government and the consultants to inform them about the planned project activities and its potential impacts, risks and benefits, allow for questions to be posed and answered, as well as consult the public to receive feedback and concerns. Feedback and concerns received will feed into project planning and implementation, while grievances will be addressed separately by using a grievance resolution mechanism discussed in a separate section below. The following document provides a brief discussion of the stages that have already been carried out and those still planned and the type of consultation that was implemented. SCREENING In August 2017, environmental and social consultants were dispatched to the site as part of the initial scoping and screening to understand the extent of the project baseline, site condition, and current operation of the facilities. Only a select group of project stakeholders and community representatives were approached during this stage and informed about the project intentions and following planned stages. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FIELD SURVEYS During the site visits, environmental and social teams went to the site to start their detailed investigations and the gathering of primary data. In the process of gathering these data, a number of people were approached, either through key informant interviews or by filling in questionnaires. The people approached are all relevant stakeholders of the project, some are project affected communities, others are interested parties in the project. The field surveys have been documented, the perception of affected community is being included in the social baseline chapter of the E&S Safeguards document. DRAFT E&S SAFEGUARDS DOCUMENT After the completion of draft E&S Safeguards document, its result has been presented through public consultation in October 2017 to selected representatives of the local affected communities and other key stakeholders who have an interest in, or influence on, the project planning and implementation. The public consultation consists of presentations on the document and the opportunity for the attending participants to ask questions and voice their concerns and suggestions. These concerns and suggestions have been recorded together with the participants list and minutes of meeting. Documentation of public consultation is presented in the section below.
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AMDAL/UKL&UPL Where an Amdal or UKL & UPL is required for the proposed project works (upgrade/extension of the facilities), a Public Consultation will take place. Community and stakeholder involvement is also invited during the approval process for the UKL-UPL documents, through consultation with UKL-UPL Technical Team. Input and suggestions from the related stakeholders will be used to improve the UKL-UPL documents for approval. STAKEHOLDERS Stakeholders have been identified using maps, existing EIA/Amdal documents and by talking to different government agencies and other relevant non-governmental organisations. The list of stakeholders that have been approached and were invited to events as part of the public consultation process can be seen in section below. DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION After the E&S Safeguards document is finalized, it will be published on the WB website. Materials that are presented in public consultations are presented in this appendix.
For proposed rehabilitation and extension project at TPA Aie Dingin in Padang, two public consultation has been conducted. The results of public consultation will be considered in assessing the impacts of TPA Aie Dingin for both environmental and social impacts. 1. Public Consultation on 29th August 2017 The first public consultation was held on Tuesday 29 August 2017 at the main hall of the Padang City Environmental Agency (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Padang), as seen in Figure 1. The public consultation was attended by about 23 people, including representatives from project area community affected by TPA Aie Dingin, the local government, Padang City Environmental Agency representatives, and consultant representatives from the WB.
Figure 1 First Public Consultation in Padang, 29 August 2017
Main issues stated during the first consultation included project area land extension, and environmental protection measures. The following provides a summary of the first public consultation proceedings:
2
•
•
• • •
•
•
• • •
TPA Aie Dingin is expected to upgrade the leachate treatment system to manage the high level of water contamination. The leachate treatment works recently suffered damage from a landfill cell slope falure where a large volume waste inundated and damaged the LTP. Emergency works to clear the waste and repair the damage to the leachate treatment facility is on progress during the consultation. TPA Aie Dingin (through the local government and WB) to make further study on landfill maximum capacity and lifespan, along with waste management alternatives, to consider options other than landfill site extension, such as rehabilitation of cells to maximise use of the current space, and utilization of waste reduction and WtE technology that is suitable with the site conditions and Padang City. The Subdistrict (Kecamatan) government supports the plan to improve the solid waste treatment system in TPA Aie Dingin. TPA Aie Dingin project team to coordinate their activities with Village (Kelurahan) government as part of the reporting process to Subdistrict level. The local community feels that the existing land for TPA Aie Dingin has almost reach the maximum landfilling capacity and therefore TPA Aie Dingin is expected to extend the area before any community complaint arises. Should any additional land be required, the local community will help in finding available land near TPA Aie Dingin. The presence of Cattle Egret birds in the TPA Aie Dingin project area should be considered during the biodiversity impact and mitigation planning, as they contribute to controlling the amount of flies in the area. The existence of TPA Aie Dingin gives a perceived positive economical impact to the local community resulting in a low number of unemployed people around the landfill. The community expect the project to recruit more workers from communities nearby for both construction and operation activities. TPA Aie Dingin team to conduct better management of transportation especially to reduce the level of dust and fly-blown litter. The access roads inside TPA Aie Dingin should be upgraded. TPA Aie Dingin management team should improve the environmental monitoring measures.
2. Public Consultation on 11th October 2017 The second public consultation was held on Wednesday 11 October 2017 at TPA Aie Dingin office, as seen in Figure 2. The public consultation was attended by about 45 people, including wastepickers, livestock owners, people living nearby TPA Aie Dingin, the local government, Padang City Environmental Agency representatives, and consultant representatives from the WB.
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Figure 2 Second Public Consultation in Padang, 11th October 2017
Main issues stated during the second consultation included project area land extension, and environmental protection measures. The following provides a summary of the second public consultation proceedings: • •
• •
• •
Should TPA Aie Dingin plan to extend the area of landfill, the land acquisition should be conducted according to the procedure of land acquisition for public use. The improvement of TPA Aie Dingin should consider the community of Balai Gadang Village as the livelihood of many people living nearby TPA Aie Dingin comes from activities at the landfill. The improvement of TPA Aie Dingin is expected the include the use of appropriate system or technology that can minimize the environmental pollution The groundwater around TPA Aie Dingin area should be of concern as it has turned black. It is expected that through improvement of TPA Aie Dingin, the condition of groundwater can be better. It has to be ensured that the mobilization activity does not impose negative impacts to communities living along the sides of access road to TPA Aie Dingin. The community highly supports any improvement plans for TPA Aie Dingin, as long as it does not cause losses to the livestock owners or wastepickers. 4
Complete documentation including notification, attendance list, responses, and presentation from both public consultation can be found in the following sections.
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1st PUBLIC CONSULTATION 29TH AUGUST 2017 ▪ Minutes of Meeting ▪ Attendance List ▪ Feedback Forms ▪ Presentation Materials
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LAPORAN ANTARA Penyusunan Dokumen Lingkungan TPA Air Dingin Dan IPLT Nanggalo 7 Dzulhijjah 1438 H 29 Agustus 2017
Dokumen Evaluasi Lingkungan Hidup (DELH) TPA Air Dingin
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OUTLINE 1. PENDAHULUAN 2. KEGIATAN YANG TELAH BERJALAN
3. EVALUASI DAMPAK 4. RENCANA PENGELOLAAN DAN PEMANTAUAN 5. JENIS DAN IZIN PPLH
PENDAHULUAN
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LATAR BELAKANG Sampah merupakan suatu hal tidak dapat dikesampingkan dalam permasalahan kota. Produksi sampah yg dihasilkan dari aktifitas masyarakat belum sejalan dengan pengelolaan persampahan yang membutuhkan lahan yang luas untuk pengelolaannya. Berbagai pertimbangan dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Padang dalam dalam upaya mengelola sampah buangan masyarakat tersebut seperti telah menyusun Detail Enginering Design (DED) dan kajian lainnya agar operasional kegiatan TPA Aie Dingin Kota Padang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan secara objektif, normatif dan empiris kebeberadaannya.
Kajian AMDAL perlu untuk dilaksanakan sebagai bahan pengambilan keputusan untuk pemantauan dan pengelolaan lingkungan, namun TPA Aie Dingin sudah beroperasi dan belum mempunyai izin lingkungan untuk itu perlu dilakukan DELH sesuai dengan Surat Menteri LHK untuk mengurangi dampakdampak negatif yang timbul akibat keberadaan TPA Aie Dingin.
IDENTITAS PEMAKRASA • Nama Instansi • Nama • Jabatan • Alamat • Telpon
: Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Padang : Al-Amin. S.sos, MM : Kepala Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Padang : Jalan Simpang Rambutan, Kuranji, Gunung Sarik : (0751) 496788
IDENTITAS PENYUSUN • Nama Perusahaan • Alamat Kantor • Telepon / Fax • Penanggung Jawab • Jabatan
: CV. Multi Mitra Serasi : Perumahan Salingka Bungo Permai 2 Blok E No. 8 : (0751) 4488288 / (0751) 4488288 : Dr.Ir. Bahrul Hanif, MT : Direktur Utama
• Tim Penyusun • Ketua Tim • Ahli Kimia • Ahli Sosial Budaya • Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat • Ahli Biologi • Ahli Geologi • Ahli Teknik Lingkungan • Ahli Hidrologi • Ahli Sosial Ekonomi
: Ir. Aris Wulandari : Kuswati, ST : Denti Kardeti, S.Sos, M.Si : Agus Ashari, SKM : Drs.Hidayat : Ir. Zulfan : Eka Wardhani, ST, MT : Ir. Arwinsyah, MT : Dr. Antoni, SE, ME
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KEGIATAN YANG TELAH BERJALAN
LOKASI KEGIATAN Tempat PemrosesanAkhir (TPA) sampah ini terletak di Kelurahan Balai Gadang Kecamatan Koto Tangah dengan luas 18 Ha. Koordinat TPA Air Dingin 0o49’34,84” LS dan 100o23’1,95” BT Sebelah Utara Sebelah Selatan Sebelah Timur Sebelah Barat
: Kabupaten Padang Pariaman : Kecamatan Nanggalo dan Kecamatan Kuranji : Kecamatan Pauh, Kabupaten Solok dan Kota Solok : Samudera Indonesia.
Jarak lokasi TPA Air Dingin dengan daerah pelayanan ± 17 Km. Batas sosial TPA Air dingin yaitu daerah pemukiman terdekat berada ± 1 Km arah Selatan lokasi TPA
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Peruntukan Lahan Berdasarkan RTRW Peraturan Daerah Kota Padang Nomor 05 Tahun 1985 tentang kebersihan dalam daerah Kotamadya Tingkat II Padang, PERDA No. 10 Tahun 1993 mengenai lokasi TPA Sampah Air Dingin, yang penetapan lokasinya sudah sesuai dengan RUTRK/ RIK Tahun 1990 – 2003.
Akses Jalan Di Sekitarnya Akses jalan menuju ke TPA Air Dingin dapat dilalui melalui Jalan Raya Lubuk Minturun Kelurahan Air Pacah Kecamatan Koto Tangah dan Jalan Raya Air Dingin di Kelurahan Balai Gadang Kecamatan Koto Tangah serta melalui sebuah Perumahan Villa Anggrek yang berjarak 1 Km sebelum TPA Air Dingin
Luas Tapak Lahan yang digunakan untuk kegiatan TPA Air Dingin dengan tanah seluas 18 Ha
Penggunaan Tapak Saat Ini Kegiatan pengoperasian di TPA Air Dingin dilakukan setiap hari. Setelah dilakukan kegiatan pengangkutan sampah dari TPA oleh kendaraan pengangkut sampah yang dikelola oleh Dinas Pasar, DKP dan Kecamatan kemudian sampah tersebut dibawa ke TPA Air Dingin untuk dimusnahkan
Penggunaan Tapak Sebelumnya Tapak sebelumnya ada kegiatan TPA Air Dingin merupakan sebuah lahan pertanian dan perladangan yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat sekitar TPA Air Dingin
Air Bersih Air bersih berasal dari Pamsimas dan air sungai yang berada disekitar TPA
Sumber Listrik Listrik PLN 900 Watt
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Sarana dan Prasarana TPA Air Dingin Jumlah (unit)
No
Jenis
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Pos jaga Kantor Jembatan timbang Unit pengomposan Unit pencucian kendaraan Sumur monitoring Jalan masuk Jalan operasi Drainase Saluran lindi Pengolahan lindi Penanganan gas Penyediaan air bersih Garase alat berat Gudang Pengomposan Penutupan untuk lokasi yang penuh Pemilahan sampah Pagar lokasi
20
Pembangkit listrik tenaga sampah
Tahap Operasi
1 1 2 1 1 4
Kondisi Baik Baik Baik Baik Rusak Baik Baik Baik Kurang baik Kurang Baik Kurang baik Kurang baik Baik Kurang baik Baik Baik Baik Kurang baik Rusak Masih belum beroperasi
Alat Berat: Bulldozer D6 3 Buah Bulldozer D4 1 Buah Excavator 2 Buah
Kegiatan Operasional Yang Menjadi Sumber Dampak dan Besaran Dampak Lingkungan Yang Telah Terjadi
1. Pengangkutan Pengangkutan sampah oleh beberapa truk yang dalam keadaan terbuka menyebabkan pencemaran bau dan sampah berceceran sepanjang jalan yang dilalui oleh truk. 2. Penimbunan dan Pemadatan Sampah Penimbunan sampah yang tidak beraturan dan pemadatan sampah yang kurang baik menyebabkan masa/umur pakai TPA lebih singkat. 3. Penutupan Tanah Penutupan tanah yang tidak memadai dapat menyebabkan bau dan pencemaran udara. 4. Ventilasi Gas Ventilasi gas yang tidak memadai menyebabkan pencemaran udara. 5. Pengumpul dan Pengolahan Lindi Lindi yang tidak terkumpul dan terolah dengan baik dapat mencemari badan air dan air tanah. 6. Mobilisasi Karyawan dan Truk Pengangkut Sampah Pola mobilisasi truk dan karyawan meningkatkan debu dan kebisingan.
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Pasca Operasi 7. Reklamasi Lahan Reklamasi yang tidak sesuai dengan peruntukan lahan apalagi digunakan untuk perumahan dapat membahayakan konstruksi bangunan dan kesehatan masyarakat. 8. Pemantauan Kualitas Lindi dan Gas Pasca Operasi TPA Tanpa adana upaya pemantauan yang memadai, maka akan menyulitkan upaya perbaikan kualitas lingkungan.
Identifikasi Dampak Yang Telah/Sedang Terjadi Selama Kegiatan Berjalan
1. Peningkatan Pencemaran Udara dan Kebisingan • Peningkatan pencemaran udara berupa gas polutan dan bau dari landfill sampah dan partikulat debu dari tebaran kendaraan serta dari tanah penutup TPA, serta bising yang berasal dari mobilisasi kendaraan pengangkut sampah. Sifat pencemar kualitas udara dapat berdampak kepada gangguan kesehatan masyarakat. 2. Penurunan Kualitas Air Permukaan dan Air Tanah Penurunan kualitas air permukaan berasal dari kegiatan operasional TPA Air Dingin yang menghasilkan limbah cair dari air lindi sampah, aktifitas kamar mandi, pencucian alat berat dan truk kontainer sampah serta dari saluran drainase TPA.
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3. Kesempatan Kerja dan Peluang Berusaha Keberadaan TPA Air Dingin membuka kesempatan bekerja dan peluang berusaha bagi masyarakat sekitar TPA Air Dingin. Kesempatan kerja berupa menjadi pegawai di TPA Air Dingin. Keberadaan TPA Air Dingin juga memberikan peluang berusaha bagi masyarakat sekitar berupa membuka usaha pengepulan barang-barang bekas yang masih bernilai ekonomis. Selain itu, juga terdapat 200 orang pemulung pencari barang-barang yang masih memiliki nilai jual. 4. Timbulnya Keresahan Masyarakat Adanya kekhawatiran masyarakat mengenai fenomena pencemaran udara dan pencemaran air yang terjadi karena kegiatan operasioanl masyarakat. Selain itu, adanya keresahan masyarakat mengenai pengangkutan sampah yang mana terjadi adanya sampah yang berserekan, debu dan bau yang berasal dari sampah.
7. Penurunan Kesehatan Masyarakat Adanya kegiatan operasional TPA Air Dingin yang mnimbulkan efek pencemaran air permukaan dan air tanah, gas emisi, debu, bau dan kebisingan. Efek dari pencemaran ini menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan pada masyarakat. 8. Gangguan Transportasi Mobilisasi kendaraan pengangkut sampah ke TPA Air Dingin mengakibatkan adanya gangguan transportasi di jalan raya menuju ke TPA. Selain itu, adanya truk yang belum ditutupi dengan plastic penutup mengakibatkan pencemaran udara berupa bau. 7. Reklamasi Lahan Pasca Operasi Timbulnya pencemaran karena tidak adanya pemantauan kualitas lindi dan gas setelah pasca operasi dan tidak sesuai dengan peruntukkan lahannya.
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Pengelolaan dan Pemantauan Lingkungan Yang Telah Dilakukan Dalam Menanggulangi Dampak Lingkungan Yang Terjadi 1. Kualitas Air Pengelolaan dan pemantauan lingkungan yang telah dilakukan oleh UPT TPA Air Dingin yaitu dengan melakukan pengujian kualitas air yang dilakukan satu kali dalam enam bulan. Lokasi pengujian kualitas air dilakukan pada air yang keluar dari outlet kolam lindi, sumur pantau, dan badan air penerima. 2. Pencemaran Udara (Polutan Gas dan Bau) Pengelolaan untuk mengurangi efek pencemaran udara yaitu dengan melakukan penimbunan dan pemadatan untuk mengurangi efek bau dan pencemaran udara. Selain itu, untuk mengantisipasi penyebaran bau dan popolasi lalat dibuatkan green barrier berupa penanaman pepohonan di sekeliling area TPA serta adanya keberadaan burung bangau di lokasi TPA yang memakan belatung dan lalat mengurangi popolasi lalat di TPA. Namun pemantauan kualitas udara belum dilakukan dengan rutin.
3. Gangguan Transportasi • Membuat jadwal dan ritasi dari pengangkutan sampah dari sumber ke TPA, dan mengurangi pengangkutan sampah di jam-jam sibuk serta menjaga dan memelihara keamanan, keselamatan, ketertiban dan kelancaran lalu lintas menuju lokasi TPA Air Dingin 4. Debu • Pengelolaan untuk mengurangi dampak debu yang terjadi yaitu dengan melakukan penyiraman air ke area sekitar lokasi yang menimbulkan efek debu, serta melakukan pencucian ban kendaraan sebelum meninggalkan TPA. Selain itu melakukan pengaturan untuk truk yang masuk dan keluar.
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5. Peluang Kerja dan Kesempatan Berusaha Pengelolaan untuk peluang tenaga kerja diutamakan orang-orang yang berada disekitar TPA Air Dingin untuk peningkatan perekonomian dan kesempatan masyarakat sekitar untuk bekerja dan mengurangi dampak efek-efek sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat. 6. Keresahan Masyarakat Untuk mengurangi keresahan masyarakat maka dilakukan upaya penyusunan dan pengesahan dokumen evaluasi lingkungan hidup TPA Air Dingin, agar pengelolaan dilakukan seusai dengan kaidah teknis yang berlaku dan dokumen evaluasi lingkungan hidup juga memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang fenomena dan pengelolaan lingkungan yang sudah dilakukan.
7. Kesehatan Masyarakat Pengelolaan yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi efek kesehatan yang timbul dimasyarakat yaiatu melakukan penghijauan di green barier untuk mengurangi pencemaran udara, bau, debu dan kebisingan, memperbaiki kolam lindi (On Prosess), menutup truk pengangkut sampah dengan plastik terpal untuk mengurangi pencemaran bau dan sampah yang berjatuhan. 8. Reklamasi Lahan Bekas TPA Untuk menghindari terjadinya dampak negatif, maka lahan bekas TPA direkomendasikan untuk lahan terbuka hijau sesuai dengan rencana tata guna lahannya. Konstruksi tanah penutup akhir harus sesuai dengan spesifikasi teknis agar faktor keamanan sesuai dengan konstruksi yang berlaku. Monitoring kualitas lingkungan pasca operasi perlu juga untuk dilakukan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pencemaran baik karena kebocoran dasar TPA, jaringan pengumpul lindi, proses pengolahan lindi yang tidak memadai maupun kebocoran pipa gas.
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EVALUASI DAMPAK
Rona Lingkungan Awal A. Iklim dan Kualitas Udara Iklim di Sekitar TPA yaitu Tropis. Pemantauan kualitas udara dilakukan disekitar tapak kegiatan operasional TPA Air Dingin. Lokasi pemantauan kualitas udara TPA Air Dingin yaitu 0o49’44” LS dan 100o22’51”
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No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Parameter
Sulfur Dioksida (SO2) Karbon Monoksida (CO) Oksidan (O3) Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2) Hidrokarbon (HC) PM10 Debu (TSP) Timbal (Pb)
Satuan
µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3
Baku Mutu**
Hasil Analisis
900 30.000 235 400 160 150 230 2
176,85 250,93 65,78 158,49 67,89* 16,12* 98,28* 0,04
Sumber: Laboratorium Air TL Unand, 2017 Hasil pengukuran tingkat kebisingan TPA Air Dingin didapatkan hasil 54,21 dB(A) yang masih berada di bawah baku mutu menurut Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 48 Tahun 1996 yaitu 60 dB(A).
2. Hidrologi dan Kualitas Air
Lokasi Sampling Kualitas Air di TPA Air DinginLokasi Sampling Kualitas Air di TPA Air Dingin
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1. Sungai
Parameter Fisika Suhu Zat Padat Terlarut (TDS) Zat Padat Tersuspensi(TSS) Daya hantar Listrik Kimia AnOrganik pH DO COD BOD Nitrat(NO3) Nitrit(NO2) Klorida Sulfat(SO4) Krom (VI) Tembaga(Cu) Besi(Fe) Mangan (Mn) Flourida(F) Phospat(PO4) Sianida(CN) Mikrobiologi Fecal Coliform Total Coliform Kimia Organik Minyak dan Lemak
1
2
PP No 82 Tahun 2001 Kelas II
°C mg/L mg/L µS/cm
29 184 78 188
28,5 312 125 210
Deviasi 3 1000 50 -
SMEWW-2550 SNI 06.6989.26.2009 SNI 06.6989.27.2009 SMEWW -2510
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
7,9 6,9 30 12,3 2,37 0,085 5 55 0,038 0,055 0,287 0,155 0,055 0,543 0,018
8,1 4,2 68 42 15,8 1,02 12 157 0,105 0,115 1,06 0,645 0,123 0,893 0,067
6–9 4 25 3 10 0,06 0,05 0,02 1,5 0,2 0,02
SMEWW-4500 SNI 06.6989.72.2009 SNI 06.6989:73.2009 SNI.06.6989.72.2009 SNI 06.6856.2002 SNI 06.2480:1991 SNI 06.6989:19.2009 SNI 06.6989.20.2004 SNI.06.6989.53.2009 SNI 06.6989.6.2009 SNI 06.6989.4.2009 SNI.06.6989.5.2009 SMEWW F¯4500(E) SNI 06.6989:31.2005 SMEWW 4500CN (F)
Jml/100ml Jml/100ml
240 ≥1600
540 ≥1600
1000 5000
SNI 01.3553.1994 SNI 01.3553.1994
µg/L
10
54
1000
SMEWW 5520 (5-25)
Hasil Analisis
Satuan
Metoda
Sumber: Lab Air Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan Unand, 2017
3. Outlet Kolam Lindi No 1 3 4 5 6 7 8
Parameter pH COD BOD Zat Padat Tersuspensi(TSS) N Total Merkuri Kadmium (Cd)
Satuan
Hasil Analisis
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
6,2 443 201 195 56,4 1,05 1,15
MenLHK N0 59 Th 2016 6–9 300 150 100 60 0,005 0,1
Metoda SMEWW-4500 SNI 06.6989:73.2009 SNI.06.6989.72.2009 SNI 06.6989.27.2009 SNI 06.6989.51.2005 SMEWW -3500-Hg SNI.06.6989.16.2009
Sumber: Lab Air Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan Unand, 2017
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Hasil Analisis
3. Sumur Pantau dan Masyarakat
No
Parameter
Satuan
1 2 3 4
Fisika Suhu Zat Padat Terlarut (TDS) Warna Kekeruhan
°C mg/L TCU NTU
29,5 39 10 5 Tidak berasa Tidak berbau
Deviasi 3 500 15 5 Tidak berasa Tidak berbau
SMEWW-2550 SNI 06.6989.26.2009 SMEWW-2120C SMEWW-2130B
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
7,6 Ttd 0,085 0,088 1,25 0,213 0,897 121 0,05 1,01 1,06 2,76 0,026 0,018 0,412 367 225 0,765
6,1 Ttd 0,010 0,015 0,025 0,020 0,018 12 Ttd 0,065 0,156 0,120 ttd ttd 0,055 156 46 0,034
6,5 – 8,5 0,01 1,5 0,05 50 1,5 3 250 0,07 2 0,3 3 0,003 0,01 0,2 500 250 0,4
SMEWW-4500 SMEWW-3500D SMEWW F¯4500 F (E) SNI.06.6989.53.2009 SNI 06.6856.2002 SNI 06.2479:1991 SNI 06.2480:1991 SNI 06.6989.20.2004 SMEWW 4500CN (F SNI 06.6989.6.2009 SNI 06.6989.4.2009 SNI.06.6989.7.2009 SNI.06.6989.16.2009 SMEWW Se 3500 (I) SNI.06.6989.34.2005 SMEWW-2340C SNI 06.6989:19.2009 SNI.06.6989.5.2009
Jml/100 Jml/100
23 66
0 3
0 0
Rasa
-
Bau
-
1 2
29,5 84 25 31 Tidak berasa Tidak berbau
6
Kimia AnOrganik pH Arsen(As) Flourida (F) Total Kromium Nitrat(NO3) Amoniak(NH3) Nitrit (NO2) Sulfat(SO4) Sianida (CN) Tembaga(Cu) Besi(Fe) Seng(Zn) Kadmium (Cd) Selenium (Se) Aluminium(Al) Kesadahan Klorida Mangan (Mn) Mikrobiologi Fecal Coliform Total Coliform
Metoda
5
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19
Permenkes 492 Tahun 2010
4
SMEWW-25150 SMEWW-25160
SNI 01.3553.1994 SNI 01.3553.1994
Sumber: Lab Air Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan Unand, 2017
3. Kualitas Tanah Berdasarkan struktur geologi jenis tanah yang terdapat di TPA Air Dingin yaitu tanah alluvium
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Hasil Uji Kualitas Tanah No
Parameter
Satuan
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Kimia AnOrganik pH Cadmium (Cd) Krom (Cr) Seng (Zn) Timbal (Pb) Tembaga (Cu) Mercury (Hg) Aluminium (Al) Besi (Fe) Mangan (Mn) Natrium (Na)
mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg
Hasil Analisis 5,87 0,915 0,813 1,213 0,623 0,735 0,115 0,615 1,825 0,716 1,56
Sumber: Lab Air Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan Unand, 2017
4. Ruang, Lahan dan Tanah Peraturan Daerah Kota Padang Nomor 05 Tahun 1985 tentang kebersihan dalam daerah Kotamadya Tingkat II Padang, PERDA No. 10 Tahun 1993 mengenai lokasi TPA Sampah Air Dingin, yang penetapan lokasinya sudah sesuai dengan RUTRK/ RIK Tahun 1990 – 2003
5. Transportasi No 1 2 3 4 5
Jenis Truk Armroll Truck Truk Typer Truk Bak Kayu Kutama Dinas Pasar
Jumlah (Unit) 38 23 4 2 7
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5. Aspek Bioogi 1. Flora
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Nama Daerah/Indonesia Bangau Putih Sapi Kerbau Kambing Lalat Hijau Lalat Hitam Semut Ayam Anjing Kucing Walet Biawak Kupu-Kupu Capung Lebah Laba-Laba Babi Burung Merpati Burung Gereja Nyamuk Katak Lintah/Pacet Belalang Bingkaruang Tupai Ula Candai Ula Mancik Itiak Rumah Tikus
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Nama Daerah/Indonesia Jati Emas Lansano Dadap Roda Beringin Trembesi Bunga Kertas Ilalang Kelapa Benalu Talas/keladi Pohon Pinang Pisang Rambutan Coklat Bunga Keladi Singkong Daun Jarak Glodokan Tiang Durian Bambu Ketapang Jambu Biji Jambu Air Kacang Tanah Karamuntiang Rimbang Kacang Panjang Mangga Buah Seri Buah Tap Jeruk Pepaya Nangka Saus Sawit Tapak Dara Putri Malu Rumput Gajah Paku Sirih Hutan
Nama Ilmiah Ciconia ciconia
Bos taurus Bubalus bubalis Capra aegagrus hircus Lucilia sericata Hermetia illucens Formicidae Gallus domesticus Canis lupus familiaris Felis catus Apodidae Varanus Rhopalocera Anisoptera Anthophila Araneae Sus scrofa Columbidae Passer montanus Culicidae Fajervarya cancrivora Hirudinea Caelifera
Nama Ilmiah Tectona grandis
Ficus sp. Samanea saman Bougainvillea Imperata cylindrical Cocos nucifera Loranthus Colocasia esculenta Areca catechu Musa acuminata Nephelium lappaceum Theobroma cacao Caladium sp. Manihot esculenta Ricinus communis Polyalthia longifolia Durio Bambusa sp. Terminalia catappa Psidium guajava Syzygium aqueum Arachis hypogaea Ochthocharis bornensis Solanum torvum VVigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis Mangifera indica Prunus avium Arenga pinnata Citrus Carica papaya Arthocarpus integra Manilkara zapota Elaeis Catharanthus roseus Mimosa pudica Themeda gigantean Phymatodes sp. Piper aduncum
2. Fauna
Euthropis multifasciata
Callosciurus notatus Phyton reticulatus Ptyas sp. Anas domesticus Rattus argentiventer
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7. Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya Kependudukan Jumlah penduduk di Kelurahan Balai Gadang yaitu 16.023 jiwa dengan jumlah rumah tangga 4.006 kepala keluarga dengan jumlah laki-laki 8.043 jiwa dan perempuan 7.980 jiwa. Agama Mayoritas penduduk di Kelurahan Balai Gadang adalah beragama islam. Sarana ibadah yang ada di Kelurahan Balai Gadang yaitu Masjid 9 buah, Mushalla 2 Buah dan Langgar 24 buah.
Sarana Pendidikan Jumlah sarana pendidikan di Kelurahan Balai Gadang yaitu TK 4 buah, SD 12 Buah, SLTP 2 buah, SLTA 1 buah. Kesehatan Sarana kesehatan yang ada di Kelurahan Balai Gadang yaitu 1 Unit Puskesmas, I Unit Pustu, 3 Unit Toko Obat dan 18 Posyandu
Mata Pencaharian mata pencaharian penduduk di Kelurahan Balai Gadang yaitu sebagai petani, pedagang, peternak, PNS, ABRI dan Pegawai Swasta.
RENCANA PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN DAN RENCANA PEMANTAUAN LINGKUNGAN
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RENCANA PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN
No 1.
Jenis Dampak
Sumber Dampak
Tolok Ukur
Peningkatan Pencemaran Udara dan Kebisingan
Mobilisasi kendaraan dan truk pengangkut sampah;
Peningkatan kadar gas/gebu yang melebihi baku mutu PP RI No 41 tahun 1999 tentang Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara;
Ventilasi gas metan; Penimbunan dan pemadatan tanah yang kurang padat;
Peningkatan kebisingan melebihi baku mutu KepmenLH No 48 tahun 1996 tentang Baku Tingkat Kebisingan;
Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan Upaya Lokasi Periode Pengelolaan Menyediakan green barrier di sekililing TPA;
TPA Air Dingin;
Satu kali atau sesuai kebutuhan pada tahap operasional;
Menyediakan green barrier di sekililing TPA;
TPA Air Dingin
Satu kali atau sesuai kebutuhan pada tahap operasional;
Menanami green barrier dengan pohon keras, spt jati emas, lansano, dadap roda, beringin dan trembesi;
TPA Air Dingin
Satu kali atau sesuai kebutuhan pada tahap operasional;
Melakukan penimbunan dan pemadatan sampah;
TPA Air Dingin
Satu kali atau sesuai kebutuhan pada tahap operasional;
Menutup bak mobil pengangkut sampah dengan plastik penutup;
Bak Pengangkut Sampah
Satu kali atau sesuai kebutuhan pada tahap operasional;
Pengaturan keluar masuk mobil pengangkut sampah;
TPA Air Dingin
Satu kali atau sesuai kebutuhan pada tahap
Instansi Pengelola Lingkungan Hidup Penerima Pengawas Laporan
Pelaksana UPT TPA Air Dingin
DLH Kota Padang
1. DLH Kota Padang; 2. UPT TPA Air Dingin; 3. Kecamatan Koto Tangah; 4. Kelurahan Air Dingin;
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2
Penurunan Kualitas Air Permukaan dan Air Tanah
Pengumpulan Lindi dan Pengolahan Lindi; Pencucian Kendaraan Pengangkut Sampah dan Alat Berat;
PP RI No. 82 Tahun 2001;
PermenLHK No.P 59 Tahun 2016
Permenkes 492 Tahun 2010
Membuat Sumur Pantau;
Sumur Pantau TPA Air Dingin
Satu kali atau sesuai kebutuhan pada tahap operasional
Perbaikan Kolam Pengumpul Lindi dan Pengolahan Lindi;
Kolam Lindi TPA Air Dingin.
Satu kali atau sesuai kebutuhan pada tahap operasional.
Mengembalikan atau Mengalirkan Air Cucian Kendaraan Pengangkut Sampah dan Alat Berat Ke Tempat Penimbunan Sampah;
Tempat Cuci Kendaraan TPA Air Dingin
Satu kali atau sesuai kebutuhan pada tahap operasional.
Membuat Tangki Septik Untuk Air Buangan Kamar Mandi;
Area Kantor dan Timbangan TPA Air Dingin
Satu kali atau sesuai kebutuhan pada tahap operasional.
Drainase TPA; Aktifitas Kantor dan Timbangan;
UPT TPA Air Dingin
DLH Kota Padang
1. 2. 3. 4.
DLH Kota Padang; UPT TPA Air Dingin; Kecamatan Koto Tangah; Kelurahan Air Dingin;
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RENCANA PEMANTAUAN LINGKUNGAN
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Jenis dan Izin PPLH No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Jenis Izin Izin Pembuangan Limbah Cair Izin Pemanfaatan Air Limbah Untuk Aplikasi Ke Tanah Izin Penyimpanan Sementara Limbah B3 Izin Pengumpulan Limbah B3 Izin Pengangkutan Limbah B3 Izin Pemanfaatan Limbah B3 Izin Pengolahan Limbah B3 Izin Penimbunan Limbah B3 Izin Pembuangan Air Limbah Ke Laut Izin Dumping Limbah B3 Limbah Non B3 Hasil Keruk Izin Reinjeksi Ke Dalam Formasi Izin Venting Gas
Ya
Tidak
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Dokumen Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (DPLH) IPLT NANGGALO
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OUTLINE 1. IDENTITAS PEMRAKARSA 2. PERIZINAN YANG DIMILIKI
3. USAHA KEGIATAN YANG TELAH BERJALAN 4. UPAYA PENGELOLAAN DAN PEMANTAUAN
IDENTITAS PEMRAKARSA • Nama Kegiatan
:Penyusunan DPLH IPLT Nanggalo : Kel. Surau Gadang, Kec. Nanggalo, Kota Padang Nomor Telpon : Nomor Faks : Email : Nama Penanggung Jawab : Al Amin, S.Sos, MM Jabatan Penanggung Jawab : Kepala DLH Kota Padang Instansi : Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Padang Alamat : Jalan Simpang Rambutan, Gunungsari, Kuranji, Gn. Sarik, Kuranji, Kota Padang. No. Telepon : (0751) 496 788 Email : -
• Alamat Kegiatan • • • • • • • • •
PERIZINAN YANG DIMILIKI Sudah memiliki izin kegiatan dan belum memiliki izin PPLH
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GAMBARAN UMUM IPLT NANGGALO Lokasi kegiatan berada di RT 04/RW 19 Kelurahan Surau Gadang, Kecamatan Nanggalo, Kota Padang Provinsi Sumatera Barat dengan kapasitas sebesar 81 m3. Lokasi kegiatan berada pada titik koordinat 00044’00” – 1008’35” LS dan 100005’05” – 100034’09” BT dan berada di elevasi sekitar 5-10 mdpl
Sarana dan Prasarana IPLT Nanggalo Dimensi (m) Nama Unit
Jumlah (unit)
Jenis Konstruksi Panjang Atas
Lebar Atas
Kedalaman
Imhoff Tank
2
Beton
2
2,8
8,4
Kolam Anaerob
4
Beton + geomembran
22
19
3,5
Kolam Fakultatif I
2
Beton + geomembran
42
21
2
Kolam Fakultatif II
1
Beton + geomembran
31
17
1,5
Kolam Maturasi I
1
Beton + geomembran
20
20
1,3
Kolam Maturasi II
1
Beton + geomembran
34
20,5
1,5
Sludge Drying Bed
4
Beton
8
5
2,5
Tangki Imhoff
Kolam Anaerob
Bak Maturasi
Bak Fakultatif
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Rona Lingkungan Awal 1. Iklim dan Kualitas Udara Iklim IPLT adalah tropis Pemantauan kualitas udara dilakukan disekitar tapak kegiatan operasional IPLT Nanggalo. Lokasi pemantauan kualitas udara IPLT Nanggalo yaitu 0o53’22” LS dan 100o22’25” BT
Hasil Pengukuran Kualitas Udara IPLT Nanggalo No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Parameter Sulfur Dioksida (SO2) Karbon Monoksida (CO) Oksidan (O3) Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2) Hidrokarbon (HC) PM10 Debu (TSP) Timbal (Pb)
Satuan µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3 µg/Nm3
Baku Mutu** 900 30.000 235 400 160 150 230 2
Hasil Analisis 166,25 210,24 45,32 122,35 32,13* 12,27* 93,12* 0,01
Hasil Pengukuran Tingkat Kebisingan IPLT Nanggalo
Hasil pengukuran tingkat kebisingan IPLT Nanggalo didapatkan hasil 53,22 dB(A) yang masih berada di bawah baku mutu menurut Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 48 Tahun 1996 yaitu 60 dB(A).
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2. Hidrologi dan Kualitas Air
Lokasi Sampling Kualitas Air di IPLT Nanggalo
Hasil Pengukuran Kualitas Air Badan Air Penerima
No
Parameter Fisika Suhu Zat Padat Terlarut (TDS) Zat Padat Tersuspensi(TSS) Daya hantar Listrik Kimia AnOrganik pH DO COD BOD Nitrat(NO3) Nitrit(NO2) Klorida Sulfat(SO4) Krom (VI) Tembaga(Cu) Besi(Fe) Mangan (Mn) Flourida(F) Phospat(PO4) Sianida(CN) Mikrobiologi Fecal Coliform Total Coliform Kimia Organik Minyak dan Lemak
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1
1
2
PP No 82 Tahun 2001 Kelas II
°C mg/L mg/L µS/cm
30,5 85 55 167
33,4 132 72 185
Deviasi 3 1000 50 -
SMEWW-2550 SNI 06.6989.26.2009 SNI 06.6989.27.2009 SMEWW -2510
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
7,5 3,2 32 15 2,34 0,120 88 65 0,064 0,057 0,186 0,089 0,045 0,085 0,016
7,5 3,8 41 23 6,75 1,06 122 89 0,081 0,075 0,316 0,121 0,061 0,132 0,025
6–9 4 25 3 10 0,06 0,05 0,02 1,5 0,2 0,02
SMEWW-4500 SNI 06.6989.72.2009 SNI 06.6989:73.2009 SNI.06.6989.72.2009 SNI 06.6856.2002 SNI 06.2480:1991 SNI 06.6989:19.2009 SNI 06.6989.20.2004 SNI.06.6989.53.2009 SNI 06.6989.6.2009 SNI 06.6989.4.2009 SNI.06.6989.5.2009 SMEWW F¯4500(E) SNI 06.6989:31.2005 SMEWW 4500CN (F)
Jml/100ml Jml/100ml
240 ≥1600
540 ≥1600
1000 5000
SNI 01.3553.1994 SNI 01.3553.1994
µg/L
8
12
1000
SMEWW 5520 (5-25)
Satuan
Hasil Analisis
Metoda
Sumber: Lab Air Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan Unand, 2017
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Hasil Pengukuran Kualitas Air Outlet Kolam 7 IPLT
No
Parameter
Satuan
Hasil Analisis
1 3 4 5 6 7 8
pH COD BOD Zat Padat Tersuspensi(TSS) N Total Merkuri Kadmium (Cd)
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
8,5 655 314 198 88,52 0,106 0,55
MenLHK N0 59 Th 2016 6–9 300 150 100 60 0,005 0,1
Metoda SMEWW-4500 SNI 06.6989:73.2009 SNI.06.6989.72.2009 SNI 06.6989.27.2009 SNI 06.6989.51.2005 SMEWW -3500-Hg SNI.06.6989.16.2009
Sumber: Lab Air Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan Unand, 2017
Hasil Analisis 4
Permenkes 492 Tahun 2010
31 36 10 5 Tidak berasa Tidak berbau
Deviasi 3 500 15 5 Tidak berasa
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
8,2 ttd 0,054 0,010 0,024 0,032 0,012 25 ttd 0,032 0,125 0,098 0,005 ttd 0,065 168 85 0,087
6,5 – 8,5 0,01 1,5 0,05 50 1,5 3 250 0,07 2 0,3 3 0,003 0,01 0,2 500 250 0,4
Jml/100 Jml/100
0 3
0 0
No
Parameter
Satuan
1 2 3 4
Fisika Suhu Zat Padat Terlarut (TDS) Warna Kekeruhan
°C mg/L TCU NTU
5
Rasa
-
6
Bau
-
Hasil Pengukuran Kualitas Air Sumur Masyarakat
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 1 2
Kimia AnOrganik pH Arsen(As) Flourida (F) Total Kromium Nitrat(NO3) Amoniak(NH3) Nitrit (NO2) Sulfat(SO4) Sianida (CN) Tembaga(Cu) Besi(Fe) Seng(Zn) Kadmium (Cd) Selenium (Se) Aluminium(Al) Kesadahan Klorida Mangan (Mn) Mikrobiologi Fecal Coliform Total Coliform
Tidak berbau
Metoda
SMEWW-2550 SNI 06.6989.26.2009 SMEWW-2120C SMEWW-2130B SMEWW-25150 SMEWW-25160 SMEWW-4500 SMEWW-3500D SMEWW F¯4500 F (E) SNI.06.6989.53.2009 SNI 06.6856.2002 SNI 06.2479:1991 SNI 06.2480:1991 SNI 06.6989.20.2004 SMEWW 4500CN (F SNI 06.6989.6.2009 SNI 06.6989.4.2009 SNI.06.6989.7.2009 SNI.06.6989.16.2009 SMEWW Se 3500 (I) SNI.06.6989.34.2005 SMEWW-2340C SNI 06.6989:19.2009 SNI.06.6989.5.2009 SNI 01.3553.1994 SNI 01.3553.1994
Sumber: Lab Air Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan Unand, 2017
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3. Kualitas Tanah • Berdasarkan struktur geologi jenis tanah yang terdapat di
IPLT Nanggalo yaitu tanah alluvium
Hasil Uji Kualitas Tanah No
Parameter
Satuan
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Kimia AnOrganik pH Cadmium (Cd) Krom (Cr) Seng (Zn) Timbal (Pb) Tembaga (Cu) Mercury (Hg) Aluminium (Al) Besi (Fe) Mangan (Mn) Natrium (Na)
mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg
Hasil Analisis 5,63 1,33 1,45 1,10 0,677 0,926 0,156 0,889 1,54 0,62 1,33
Sumber: Lab Air Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan Unand, 2017
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Transportasi Armada truk sedot tinja yang dimiliki oleh Pemerintah Kota-Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Padang sebanyak 1 unit. Operasional truk sedot tinja pemerintah dilakukan oleh CV. Abenk dengan system sewa. • Armada truk sedot tinja swasta dan Perusahaannya : • CV. Regina yang beralamat di Jl. Thamrin No. 37 Padang. • CV. Utama Graha beralamat di Jl. Belibis No. 15 Padang. • CV. Bima Sakti beralamat di Jl. Seberang Selatan III No. 15 Padang. • CV. Payung Malibau Sakti beralamat di Kel. Jondul Kec. Padang
Selatan. • CV. Abenk WC Service beralamat di Jl. Teuku Umar No. 3 C, Kel. Alai Parak Kopi, Kec. Padang Utara. 0813 6321 2090, memiliki 7 unit truk. • CV. Hikari 0812 6615 3333, memiliki 3 unit truk.
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Aspek Biologi 1. Flora
Nama Daerah/Indonesia Sirsak Mengkudu Dadap Roda Glodokan Tiang Cemara Kipas Bunga Kertas Ilalang Kelapa Rimbang Talas/keladi Pohon Pinang Pisang Mangga Coklat Bunga Keladi Singkong Daun Jarak Durian Jeruk Bambu Ketapang Pepaya Nangka Tapak Dara Putri Malu Rumput Gajah Bayam Jambu Biji Eceng Gondok Tabu Jambu Air Kunyit Kenanga
Nama Ilmiah Annona muricata
Morinda citrifolia Erythrina variegata Polyalthia longifolia Platycladus orientalis Bougainvillea Imperata cylindrical Cocos nucifera Solanum torvum Colocasia esculenta Areca catechu Musa acuminata Mangifera indica Theobroma cacao Caladium sp. Manihot esculenta Ricinus communis Durio Citrus Bambusa sp. Terminalia catappa Carica papaya Arthocarpus integra Catharanthus roseus Mimosa pudica Themeda gigantean Amaranthus Psidium guajava Eichhornia crassipes Saccharum Syzygium aqueum Curcuma longa Cananga odorata
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2. Fauna No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Nama Daerah/Indonesia Kucing Sapi Ayam Kambing Laba-Laba Lalat Hitam Semut Itiak Rumah Anjing Walet Biawak Kupu-Kupu Capung Lebah Burung Merpati Burung Gereja Nyamuk Katak Tikus Belalang Bingkaruang
Nama Ilmiah
Felis catus Bos taurus Gallus domesticus Capra aegagrus hircus Araneae Hermetia illucens Formicidae Anas domesticus Canis lupus familiaris Apodidae Varanus Rhopalocera Anisoptera Anthophila Columbidae Passer montanus Culicidae Fajervarya cancrivora Rattus argentiventer Caelifera Euthropis multifasciata
Sosial, Ekonomi dan Budaya Kependudukan Jumlah penduduk di Kelurahan Surau Gadang yaitu 20.121 jiwa dengan jumlah rumah tangga 5.348 kepala keluarga dengan jumlah laki-laki 9.537 jiwa dan perempuan 10.584 jiwa. Agama Mayoritas penduduk di Kelurahan Surau Gadang adalah beragama islam. Sarana ibadah yang ada di Kelurahan Balai Gadang yaitu Masjid 16 buah dan Mushalla 5 Buah. Mata Pencaharian Mata pencaharian penduduk di Kelurahan Surau Gadang yaitu sebagai petani, pedagang, peternak, PNS, ABRI dan Pegawai Swasta.
Sarana Pendidikan Jumlah sarana pendidikan di Kelurahan Surau Gadang yaitu TK 6 buah, SD 8 Buah, SLTP 2 buah, SLTA 1 buah dan PT 2 buah. Kesehatan Sarana kesehatan yang ada di Kelurahan Surau Gadang yaitu 1 Unit Puskesmas, 13 Unit Toko Obat dan 28 Posyandu
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UPAYA PENGELOLAAN DAN PEMANTAUAN LINGKUNGAN
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Jenis dan Izin PPLH No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Jenis Izin Izin Pembuangan Limbah Cair Izin Pemanfaatan Air Limbah Untuk Aplikasi Ke Tanah Izin Penyimpanan Sementara Limbah B3 Izin Pengumpulan Limbah B3 Izin Pengangkutan Limbah B3 Izin Pemanfaatan Limbah B3 Izin Pengolahan Limbah B3 Izin Penimbunan Limbah B3 Izin Pembuangan Air Limbah Ke Laut Izin Dumping Limbah B3 Limbah Non B3 Hasil Keruk Izin Reinjeksi Ke Dalam Formasi Izin Venting Gas
Ya
Tidak
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Terima Kasih
35
2nd PUBLIC CONSULTATION 11TH OCTOBER 2017 ▪ Invitation from Dinas Lingkungan Hidup ▪ Minutes of Meeting ▪ Attendance List ▪ Feedback Forms ▪ Presentation Materials
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KONSULTASI PUBLIK DALAM RANGKA RENCANA PENGEMBANGAN TPA AIE DINGIN Kelurahan Balai Gadang, Kecamatan Koto Tangah, Kota Padang, Provinsi Sumatera Barat
Padang, 11 Oktober 2017
Program Pengelolaan Sampah Rencana Kegiatan Analisis Dampak Lingkungan dan Sosial
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Program Pengelolaan Sampah
Program Pemerintah dalam Pengelolaan Sampah (1)
Program 100-0-100 (100% akses air minum aman, 0% pemukiman kumuh, 100% akses sanitasi layak) oleh Kementerian PUPR ditargetkan untuk tercapai pada 2019 Hanya 70% dari penduduk kota yang memiliki akses layanan pengumpulan sampah Hanya 55% dari sampah domestik perkotaan yang ditangani di TPS atau TPA Kinerja pengumpulan sampah domestik di berbagai kota sangat bervariasi
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Program Pemerintah dalam Pengelolaan Sampah (2)
Peraturan Kementerian PU No. 21 Tahun 2006 mewajibkan semua TPA open dumping ditutup atau ditingkatkan menjadi TPA sanitary landfill pada tahun 2011 Undang-Undang No. 18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah mewajibkan semua pemerintah daerah untuk menutup TPA open dumping pada tahun 2013 Saat ini kebanyakan TPA masih menggunakan sistem open dumping
Program Peningkatan Pengelolaan Sampah
Kota-kota di Indonesia perlu meningkatkan kinerjanya untuk dapat mencapai target kebijakan pengelolaan sampah Bank Dunia melalui Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat sedang melaksanakan program berskala nasional dan terukur untuk meningkatkan kinerja pengelolaan sampah
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Komponen Program Komponen 1 Pengembangan Lembaga dan Kebijakan
Analisis lembaga dan studi strategis pada pemerintah nasional (seperti KLHK, Kementerian PUPR, Kementerian ESDM, Kemendagri) untuk mendukung perubahan kebijakan, perencanaan, dan pembangunan kapasitas untuk mendukung sektor persampahan
Komponen 2
Memberikan asistensi teknis kepada kota/kabupaten di Indonesia untuk meningkatkan perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pelayananan pengelolaan sampah (sekitar 50 kota)
Komponen 3
Mendukung konstruksi infrastruktur besar dan kompleks termasuk teknologi pengolahan lanjutan (sekitar 10 kota) serta investasi bertahap yang lebih kecil (20 hingga 30 kota) yang disesuaikan dengan kapasitas kota
Komponen 4
Memberikan dukungan teknis, saran, dan pelatihan kepada Unit Pengelolaan Program di tingkat nasional, provinsi, dan kabupaten sesuai kebutuhan
Dukungan Perencanaan & Pembangunan Kapasitas Terintegrasi bagi Pemerintah Daerah & Masyarakat Infrastruktur Sampah pada Kota Terpilih
Implementasi Dukungan dan Asistensi Teknis
Komponen 3: Infrastruktur Sampah pada Kota Terpilih
Dukungan pembiayaan perlu disesuaikan untuk kotakota dengan kapasitas pengelolaan, teknis, dan finansial yang berbeda Kota-kota dikelompokkan sebagai berikut: Kelompok 1 –
Kelompok 2 –
Investasi Sistem Besar dan Kompleks
Investasi Pengelolaan Sampah Bertahap
Tidak Ada Investasi
o Kota-kota dengan kapasitas dan dana yang cukup tinggi untuk mengelola dan menjaga pengoperasian sistem dan investasi pengelolaan sampah yang besar dan kompleks.
o Kota-kota dengan kapasitas dan dana yang tidak cukup untuk mengelola dan menjaga pengoperasian pengelolaan sampah yang kompleks. Peningkatan kapasitas lebih baik dilakukan melakui investasi bertahap yang lebih kecil.
o Kota-kota dengan kapasitas dan dana yang tidak cukup untuk mengelola pengoperasian pengelolaan sampah yang kompleks. Tidak menunjukkan komitmen yang cukup untuk meningkatkan sistem.
Kelompok 3 -
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TPA Aie Dingin
TPA Aie Dingin terletak di Kelurahan Balai Gadang, Kecamatan Koto Tangah dengan area seluas 18 Ha. TPA Aie Dingin berjarak ± 17 Km dari daerah pelayanan dan ± 1 Km dari daerah permukiman terdekat.
Rencana Kegiatan
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Komponen dari Kegiatan Pengembangan TPA
Rehabilitasi sel pembuangan eksisting Pembangunan sel pembuangan dengan sistem saniter (sanitary landfill) Pembangunan/perbaikan instalasi pengolahan lindi (IPL) Pembangunan sistem penanganan gas TPA melalui pembakaran Material Recovery Facility (MRF) Pembangunan/perbaikan fasilitas penunjang Fasilitas Pengolahan Sampah Antara (Intermediate Treatment Facility) (ITF) Spesifikasi Alat Berat Petunjuk operasional dan pemeliharaan TPA Perencanaan keuangan (meliputi Biaya Investasi dan Biaya Operasional & Pemeliharaan)
Rehabilitasi TPA
Pembentukan kembali tumpukan sampah eksisting untuk menstabilkan tumpukan tersebut dan memaksimalkan kapasitas penampungan sampah Pelapisan dan penutupan sel yang telah penuh Menyelidiki opsi pelapisan untuk sel eksisting Sistem pengumpulan lindi dan drainase air permukaan
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Opsi Sistem Pelapisan dan Penutupan Sel Compacted Clay Liner (CCL)
Geosynthetics Clay Liner (GCL)
Geomembrane Liner (GM)
Tipikal Penampang Sistem Pelapis dan Pengumpul Lindi
LAPISAN DRAINASE GEOKOMPOSIT LAPISAN GEOMEMBRAN
LAPISAN PENGUMPUL LINDI (KERIKIL)
SAMPAH TANGGUL ANTAR SEL
LAPISAN GEOMEMBRAN
LAPISAN TANAH
SAMPAH EKSISTING
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Tipikal Detil Sistem Pengumpulan Lindi
SAMPAH BARU
PIPA HDPE DENGAN PERFORASI GEOTEKSTIL (FILTER) GEOTEKSTIL (BANTALAN) GEOMEMBRAN (1,5 MM HDPE)
PECAHAN BATU
LAPISAN TANAH PENUTUP
SAMPAH EKSISTING
SISTEM PELAPISAN DAN PENGUMPULAN LINDI (DI ATAS SAMPAH EKSISTING)
Tipikal Pengaturan Penutup Final
SISTEM PENUTUP FINAL
SAMPAH
TANGGUL PEMBATAS SEL
TANGGUL PEMBATAS SEL
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Tipikal Sistem Penutup Final VENTILASI GAS
TANAH MEDIA TANAM & TANAP PENUTUP AKHIR
SAMPAH
SISTEM PENUTUPAN FINAL – OPSI A
Instalasi Pengolahan Lindi (IPL)
Sistem yang murni menggunakan proses biologi pasif membutuhkan area yang luas untuk memenuhi persyaratan efluen PU (> 50 Ha = tidak dapat dilakukan) Sistem biologi dengan bantuan mekanis yang mudah dioperasikan dapat menghasilkan efluen yang memenuhi standar PU dengan luas lahan yang wajar, contoh ± 2,8 Ha untuk TPA Tamangapa Untuk dapat memenuhi standar yang lebih ketat, seperti BOD5 < 100 mg/l, dibutuhkan penyisihan amonia/pengolahan tersier (kimiawi) – membutuhkan operator berketerampilan tinggi, biaya investasi tambahan sekitar 20% - 100% dan biaya operasional dan pemeliharaan sebesar 100% - 200%
Oleh karena itu, diajukan pengolahan mekanik-biologi
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Proses Pengolahan Lindi
Kolam Penampung
Anaerob
Anoksik
Aerob
Efluen Yang Dikelola Menuju Sungai
Reed Bed
Clarifier
Lumpur Menuju TPA
Pengendap Lumpur
Tangki Lumpur
Analisis Dampak Lingkungan dan Sosial
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Tahap Pra-Konstruksi Kegiatan
Dampak Potensial
Sosialisasi Kegiatan
Persepsi masyarakat
Survey Geoteknik
Kontaminasi tanah Kontaminasi air tanah dangkal Kontaminasi air permukaan
Tahap Konstruksi Kegiatan • Penerimaan tenaga kerja • Mobilisasi dan demobilisasi peralatan, material, dan tenaga kerja • Penyiapan lahan • Pembongkaran bangunan • Pembentukan kembali, pelapisan dan penutupan sel sampah eksisting • Pembangunan sel sampah baru dan sistem pengumpulan lindi • Peningkatan fasilitas penunjang
Dampak Potensial • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat dan perekonomian lokal Ketidakcocokan dengan pendatang Keluhan masyarakat Peningkatan debu Peningkatan kebisingan dan getaran Peningkatan kebauan Peningkatan polusi kendaraan Erosi air permukaan Lepasnya sampah yang tertiup angin Produksi sampah domestik dan konstruksi Gangguan pada flora dan fauna Gangguan kesehatan dan keamanan masyarakat Kepadatan lalu lintas dan gangguan akses ke TPA Isu terkait kesehatan dan keamanan pekerja
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Tahap Operasi Kegiatan • Penerimaan pemulung di TPA sebagai tenaga kerja • Pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sampah • Penerimaan dan pembongkaran sampah • Mobilisasi tanah penutup • Pengoperasian sel penimbunan sampah • Pengoperasian sistem pengumpulan dan pengolahan lindi • Pengoperasian penangkapan dan pengolahan gas TPA • Pengoperasian fasilitas penunjang
Dampak Potensial • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Persepsi masyarakat Peningkatan kesempatan kerja dan usaha (peningkatan perekonomian lokal) Peningkatan lingkungan kerja untuk pekerja TPA Keluhan masyarakat Peningkatan debu Peningkatan kebisingan Peningkatan kebauan dan polusi udara Peningkatan polusi kendaraan Penurunan kualitas air permukaan Gangguan biota air Produksi lumpur Lepasnya sampah yang tertiup angin Produksi sampah domestik dan konstruksi Gangguan estetika Gangguan pada flora dan fauna Gangguan kesehatan dan keamanan masyarakat Kepadatan lalu lintas dan gangguan akses ke TPA
Tahap Penutupan Kegiatan • Pelapisan akhir sel dan penutupan TPA • Revegetasi • Pemantauan TPA
Dampak Potensial • Isu kesehatan dan keselamatan pekerja • Pelepasan tenaga kerja dan penurunan perekonomian lokal • Produksi gas TPA berlebih • Penurunan laju erosi • Perbaikan kualitas air permukaan • Perbaikan estetika • Pemulihan habitat flora dan fauna
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TERIMA KASIH
13
APPENDIX 5 - GRIEVANCE MECHANISM
1. GENERAL A Grievance mechanism is being established for potentially affected communities to receive and facilitate resolution of affected communities’ concerns and grievances about the project’s environmental and social management performance. The complaint system allows community members to raise issues or complaints at village to Padang city or national level. The project has designated contact numbers for complaints via phone-calls and short text message (SMS) systems. There are designated staff members at the local government (Dinas) responsible for following-up on complaints and ensuring that they are handled adequately. Where Indigenous Peoples (IPs) are concerned, the facilitators under project will ensure that grievance redress mechanisms are developed in culturally appropriate ways in close collaboration with the relevant group(s). At the national level a online ‘hotline’ system exists called Lapor! which allows the community to submit anonymous or with name complaints and suggestions online to the government. The complainant receives a tracking number with which the status of the complaint can be tracked. Note that the GM described below applies to the Landfill facility only. 2. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES The project proponent seeks to minimize potential negative impacts arising from the Project and to operate strictly according to regional, national and international good practice guidelines. Nevertheless, it is inevitable that queries and grievances will arise throughout the different project phases. The World Bank and Government of Indonesia recognize that systematic, professional, rulesbased procedures for handling grievances and appeals are essential to minimize and manage risks. The dual goals of properly managing grievances are to maintain accountability to stakeholders and risk reduction. The objectives of the Grievance Mechanism are to: •
Provide Project affected people with straightforward and accessible avenues for making a complaint or resolving a dispute that may arise during the course of the Project;
•
Ensure that appropriate and mutually acceptable corrective actions are identified and summarily implemented to address complaints;
•
Verify that complainants are satisfied with the outcomes and corrective actions taken;
•
Avoid the need to resort to judicial or pre-judicial proceedings; and
•
Ensure that the needs of those most vulnerable within the project proponent Project vulnerable communities, such as the elderly, women and children, are also considered in the grievance procedure.
1
3. SCOPE This Grievance Mechanism guides the landfill authorities in regard to receiving and managing external grievances from landfill operation affected communities and other interested and concerned parties throughout the operational phase of the landfill. 4. GUIDELINES & STANDARDS Relevant National Regulations A number of national laws and regulations urge community participation and involvement in maintaining, managing, and monitoring the environment including affected communities and other stakeholders. The relevant laws and regulations are as follows: •
Head of BAPEDAL Decree No 8/2000 on Disclosure of Information on the AMDAL Process. This decree highlights the protection of community from the impacts of business operation, community participation and open communication in the preparation of environmental impact assessment.
•
Law No 23/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management concerning community rights which includes: equal entitlement to a good and healthy environment; entitlement to information about potential impacts; and entitlement to play a role in the framework of environmental management.
•
Minister of Environment Regulation No 09/2010 on Procedures of Complaint and Complaints Handling due to Allegations of Environmental Pollution and/or Damage. This decree outlines the procedures to raise complaints to related institutions and obligations and procedures in handling the complaints for related institutions.
•
Government Regulation No 27/2012, Article 9 (paragraph 4) of Government Regulation of Republic of Indonesia Number 27/2012 regarding Environmental Impact Assessment, states that within ten working days of the date of the announcement of proposed activities, interested members of the community have the right to suggest, express opinions and provide input regarding the planned activities.
•
Ministery of Environment Regulation No 17/2012 on Guidance of Community Engagement in the Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Permitting Process.
International Guidelines International guidelines, standards and best practices regarding to Grievance Mechanism are as follows: •
World Bank requirements for Grievance Redress Mechanism: OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, OP 4.10 Indigenous Peoples and OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement all require the establishing of a mechanism that addresses grievances by affected groups and people. The World Bank defines the grievance redress mechanism as a process by which “…queries or clarifications about the project are responded to, problems that arise out of implementation are resolved and grievances are addressed efficiently and effectively. Both Indigenous Peoples and Involuntary Resettlement Policies have mandatory Grievance Redress requirements. Both policies require affordable and accessible procedures for third-party settlement of disputes arising from project implementation. Such grievance mechanisms should take into account the availability of judicial recourse and community and traditional dispute settlement mechanisms.”
2
World Bank further stresses that affected people are not facing any barriers when expressing grievances. •
United Nations Human Rights Council, 2011, published a report in 2011 on the lessons learned on the principles relevant to effective company stakeholder grievance mechanisms, which are 1. Legitimate: a mechanism must have clear, transparent and sufficiently independent governance structures to ensure that no party to a particular grievance process can interfere with the fair conduct of that process; 2. Accessible: a mechanism must be publicized to those who may wish to access it and provide adequate assistance for aggrieved parties who may face barriers to access, including language, literacy, awareness, finance, distance or fear of reprisal; 3. Predictable: a mechanism must provide a clear and known procedure with a timeframe for each stage and clarity on the types of process and outcome it can and cannot offer, as well as a means of monitoring the implementation of any outcome; 4. Equitable: a mechanism must ensure that aggrieved parties have reasonable access to sources of information, advice and expertise necessary to engage in a grievance process on fair and equitable terms; 5. Rights-compatible: a mechanism must ensure that its outcomes and remedies accord with internationally recognized human rights standards; 6. Transparent: a mechanism must provide sufficient transparency of process and outcome to meet the public interest concerns at stake and should presume transparency wherever possible; non-state mechanisms in particular should be transparent about the receipt of complaints and the key elements.
5. DEFINITIONS Dispute
A disagreement or conflict between two parties, with respect to this document, a dispute between individuals or a group within project affected communities and the landfill authorities and its representatives. A dispute may be legal, in form of a claim/demand or assertion of rights. A dispute between the the landfill authorities and external stakeholders including community members requires mediation. A grievance mechanism addresses such situation in helping to mediate and support resolution.
Grievance or Complaint
A concern or complaint raised by an individual or a group within project affected communities. Both concerns and complaints can result from either real or perceived impacts of the landfill operational activities, and may be filed in the same manner and handled with the same procedure. The difference between responses to a concern or to a complaint may be in the specific approaches and the amount of time needed to resolve it.
Project affected community
The communities who live within the project area of influence and who are affected directly or indirectly by Project activities.
Stakeholders (External)
Individuals or group(s) of people affected by the Project or those who have interests or/can influence the activities of the Project.
Vulnerable Groups of People
Key individuals and groups that may be differentially or disproportionately affected by the business activity because of their disadvantage or vulnerable status such as the youth, elders, minority ethnic group, women.
Resolution
The action of solving a problem, dispute, or contentious matter, or in this respect a grievance. Resolution is the act of addressing a problem.
3
6. GRIEVANCE MANAGEMENT AND PROCEDURE Grievance Identification Grievances concerning Project activities may arise from many different sources. Possible sources of grievance information may include: •
Individuals approaching landfill personnel on their own;
•
Individuals voicing complaints during regular liaison visits to villages;
•
Media outlets;
•
Stakeholder requests;
•
Community organizations;
•
Waste-picker / recycling groups;
•
Waste buyers and sellers
•
Government officials;
•
Contractors / Subcontractors;
•
Jealousy of others if one does not receive a benefit.
Informal channels of communication such as personal conversation, hearsay, or community rumors may alert personnel to a possible grievance in the nearby communities. In these cases, the nearest Grievance Contact travels to the source of the information and investigates the validity of the possible grievance. If there is an actual grievance involved and the claim is deemed valid by the GRU Field Officer, he or she initiates the grievance procedure by filling out a Grievance Management Form and making an appropriate notation in the grievance log. If there is no actual grievance or the grievance can be solved on the spot, the GRU Field Officer records the investigation. This helps to keep the grievance mechanism transparent and accessible. Although grievances cannot be generalized, some typical community grievances can occur in most cases. The table below illustrates typical grievances.
Table 1 Types of Grievances Typically Encountered Examples A landfill authority (or a contractor/subcontractor) truck damaging a community member’s fence; a one-time disrespectful encounter between a the project proponent employee and a community member
Complainant(s) An individual or family
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Type of Grievances Relatively minor and one-time problems related to the project proponent operations
Examples
Complainant(s)
Type of Grievances
Livestock getting loose/injured or killed because the project construction contractors or Dinas landfill operators fail to close gates
An individual or family or small group of people
Relatively minor but repetitive problems related to the project proponent operations
Landfill construction and/or operation related road traffic raising dust and/or wind-blown waste that settles on clothes hung out to dry
Multiple individuals, families, or larger groups
Relatively minor but repetitive and widespread problems
Landfill rehabilitation/extension construction vibration allegedly causing structural and/or aesthetic damage to building
Community groups, nongovernmental or community-based organizations, or local governments
Significant and larger repetitive problems
Landfill operations adversely impacting a community’s water supply (leachate), making it unsafe for drinking, livestock, and/or irrigation
Community groups, nongovernmental or community-based organizations, or local governments
Major claims that the project proponent activities have resulted in significant adverse impacts on larger populations of people
Dinas landfill operation noncompliance with its own policies; failure to follow guidelines for adequate consultation to achieve prior and informed consent; inadequate resettlement and compensation of affected populations
Nongovernmental organizations, community groups or community-based organizations, or local governments
Major claims over policy or procedural issues
Grievance Tracing and Resolution Mechanism (GTRM) - Step by Step Procedure The Dinas Landfill Tracing and Resolution Mechanism (GTRM) provides a process for resolving grievances expeditiously, effectively and in a transparent manner. The GTRM is triggered at the instance a community complaint is received by the landfill authorities. Figure 8-2 below shows the general overview of the community grievance tracking and resolution process which is outlined in more detail in the following section.
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Complainant
7. Feedback
1. Receive and Register
6. Track and Monitor
2. Screen for Eligibility
5. Select Grievance Resolution Approach
3. Assess and Assign
4. Formulate Respones
Figure 1
Community Grievance Tracking and Resolution Process
Step 1 - Receiving and Registering a Grievance Receiving and registering complaints is a simple process in which local people can approach the landfill authorities about concerns directly and, if necessary, anonymously or through third parties. Reception procedures are most effective if they are convenient, culturally appropriate, simple to understand, and easy to use. In general, grievances are communicated to the landfill authorities through three primary channels: •
Oral communications, such as to Community Representative or to the project proponent onsite Project teams (including contractors);
•
Written communications to the Dinas Community Relation Officer or GRU Field Officer or Manager; these include grievances registered with the Village head (Kepala Desa) or other third parties such as the community advisory board which is formed to bridge between the project proponent and community;
•
Inferred understanding of a grievance (e.g. on-going problems raised during visits to program sites by program staff, independent monitors, NGOs, supervision teams, media, government officials, etc.) or alert of grievances via direct public action (e.g. protest).
Within one day of the original receipt of the grievance, the GRU Field Officer gives written notice to the complainant confirming receipt of the grievance and detailing the grievance investigation and reconciliation process. The GRU Field Officer provides contact information to the complainant to facilitate further communication. A tentative timeline for resolving grievances is also provided.
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In case, inputs and decisions are required by other units/departments within the landfill authorities the GRU Field officer shall forward the registered complaint to the Grievance Committee.
Step 2 - Screening for Eligibility This step determines whether a complaint is eligible for inclusion in the grievance mechanism. A complaint can be categorized as grievance, if it meets the following criteria: •
Time limit: Grievances can only be submitted within one year from the date of the incident to be admissible;
•
Evidence: Any physical evidence associated with the grievance should still be visible during a site investigation conducted by a GRU Field Officer;
•
Records: where possible and as appropriate, the complainant should provide a verifiable record of transactions associated with the grievance.
If the grievance meets the criteria, complaints are recorded using the grievance form (see Appendix B). GRU Field Officer will document the verbal and written complaints. The grievance and action form records the following information: i)
who reports the complaint;
ii) who received the complaint (field representative or employee); iii) situation of the reception and answer of the responder; iv) the date the complaint was received and recorded; v) the nature of the complaint; vi) information of proposed corrective action; vii) date of response (verbal and written) provided to the complainant; viii) corrective actions taken, by whom and, when, and ix) the date the complaint was closed out (see Appendix C Close-Out Form).
Step 3 - Assess the Grievance During the assessment, the GRU Field Officer and/or the GRU team gathers information about the case and key issues and concerns and helps determine whether and how the complaint may be resolved. The data and information include: •
Photographic and/or physical evidence of grievance where possible.
•
Witness statements from community leaders and witnesses, where possible.
•
Witness statements from landfill authorities personnel, if appropriate.
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Step 4 - Formulate a Response The system for responding to the complainant specifies who communicates and how. In some cases, it may be appropriate that feedback be provided by the GRU Field officer or another team member responsible for the assessment accompanied by the GRU Manager of the grievance procedure. The Dinas Project manager may participate in feedback, depending upon the seriousness of the complaint. A written response for every grievance is prepared within 14 days by the Grievance Resolution Unit. The response is delivered verbally before the written copy is provided to the Complainant. The complainant is asked to sign and date the complaints log and action form to confirm receipt of the Project response.
Step 5 – Further Escalation - Grievance Committee or Legal Avenue If the complainant is not satisfied with the response delivered by the GRU the grievance will be escalated to the Grievance Committee. If still unsolved, the GRU Manager will escalate the grievance resolution to the next appropriate level. The final resolution is found by legal counsel. The Indonesian jurisdiction shall apply.
Track and Monitor Grievance Grievances need to be tracked and monitored as they proceed through the system. Effective tracking and documentation accomplishes several goals: •
Providing assurance that a specific person is responsible for overseeing each grievances – from receipt and registration to implementation;
•
Promoting timely resolution;
•
Informing all concerned (the complainant and appropriate the project proponent personnel) about the status of the case and progress being made toward resolution;
•
Documenting the project proponent’s response and outcome(s) to promote fairness and consistency;
•
Recording stakeholders’ response(s) and whether additional research or consultation is needed.
The GRU team of the landfill authorities establishes a centralized grievance log and tracking system. This data base allows for all registered grievances to be tracked and retrieved as and when necessary. The landfill authorities’ performance in managing and closing out grievances is reviewed as part of internal and external monitoring. A Grievance Form accompanies each grievance for ease of information transfer. Information from Grievance Forms is entered into the central data base managed by the GRU Team.
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Feedback Once a grievance has been resolved, the complainant shall be invited to give feedback about the resolution process and asked to indicate their level of satisfaction with the mitigation measures once such measures have been implemented. In all cases, the aggrieved must be aware of the outcome of his / her complaint. If the complainant is anonymous, information on resolution of the complaint shall be posted in the relevant village bulletin boards.
Public Disclosure of Grievance Procedure The landfill authorities utilize various ways to publicly disclose this Grievance Mechanism and to create community-level awareness of the grievance procedure. The public disclosure of grievance management and procedure is conducted through: •
Direct communication during consultation, community meetings, and elders meetings;
•
Dinas representative assigned at the Community Center;
•
Third parties such as the Community Advisory Board;
•
Printed materials such as Dinas newsletters, leaflet, brochure that provide key facts about the procedure;
•
Displays on the Dinas’ announcement billboards, public places such as market, community hall, Mosques, Churches; and
•
Dinas website.
The public disclosure of the grievance procedure is made in Bahasa Indonesia and where required, in the local language. Timeline The Landfill authorities through its GRU team aims to resolve complaints at each level within 7 days. However, depending on the nature of the complaint, a longer timeline may be agreed upon with the complainant. If an agreeable solution is reached, the complainant is asked to sign and date the complaints log and agreed actions form to confirm receipt of an agreement with the landfill authorities response. The GRU Team informs the complainant, if more time is required to implement appropriate actions. The GRU Team, however, assumes responsibility for ensuring all actions are implemented to close out the complaint. In sum, depending on the nature of the complaint, the complaint may be addressed at a maximum within 21 days in the following order (at 7 days intervals): (1) staff level (GRU Field Officer and Manager; (2) Grievance Committee; and finally (4) BOD level. Grievance Log The Grievance Log contains a record of the person responsible (assigned to) for an individual complaint, and records dates for the following events:
9
•
Date the complaint was reported;
•
Date the Grievance Log updated;
•
Date information on proposed corrective action sent to complainant (if appropriate);
•
Date the complaint was closed out;
•
Date response was sent to complainant.
Informal complaints and criticisms, written or oral, made against the Dinas project staff are recorded in the same way as formal grievances and complaints against the project proponent as a company. In the case of serious grievances, the issue is tracked and dealt with as the project proponent Management sees fit. The Grievance Log Form is attached in Appendix D. Monitoring and Reporting The GTRM database is an indicative complaint handling and grievance resolution registry. Periodically (bi-annually) the database is monitored to assess GRU performance and to identify any systemic or recurrent causes for grievance. Where systemic or recurrent grievances are identified, the landfill authorities will implement pro-active measures to resolve these issues. Any grievances that were not resolved within an appropriate timeframe will also be further investigated with the goal of arriving at immediate resolution. The GRU Field Officer will be responsible for: •
Providing the relevant Manager with a weekly report detailing the number and status of complaints and any outstanding issues to be addressed; and
•
Monthly reports, including analysis of the type of complaints, levels of complaints, and actions to reduce complaints.
The GRU Manager reports monitoring results half-yearly to the head of DKP. The GR mechanism is reviewed together with the review of the Stakeholders Engagement Plan (SEP).
Key Performance Indicators (KPI) Proposed KPI for Grievance mechanism: •
Number of grievances received
•
Number of grievances resolved
•
Number of days needed to process a grievance
•
Number of satisfied people with a grievance resolution
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Roles and Responsibilities Following table outlines suggested roles and responsibilities of the landfill authorities related to Grievance Mechanism.
Roles The Project Proponent / Position Within The Project Proponent
Role
Head of Dinas Lingkungan Hidup
Part of Grievance Committee
Head of Environmental Law Compliance and Proposed as Enforcement Section Coordinator)
GRU
Manager
(Grievance
Head of Waste Management and Cleanliness Part of Grievance Committee Section Head of Environmental Compliance Sub-section
Part of Grievance Committee
Head of Environmental Enforcement Sub-section
GRU Database Administrator
Head of Waste Management Sub-section
Part of Grievance Committee
Head of Technical Operational Unit (UPTD) of Final GRU Field Team/Officer (Grievance Contact) Disposal Site All Dinas Lingkungan Hidup members
Informal grievance recipient
Responsibilities Grievance Resolution Unit (GRU)
The focal point for grievance resolution facilitating the overall processing of grievances. The GRU receives, records, registers complaints and decides on the resolution of a grievance or the escalation of the grievance to the Grievance Committee or if necessary helps to initiate any legal procedures.
GRU Manager/ Grievance Coordinator
Head of the GRU who oversees the facilitation of grievance resolutions. S/he is also to oversee the allocation of necessary resources for the Project’s grievance mechanism.
Grievance Contact GRU Field Team/Officer/
The Grievance Contact is responsible for receiving and for acknowledging receipt of any grievance and for delivering a response to the complainant, regardless of who initially received the complaint. S/he is also to obtain contextual data and other crucial information regarding aggrieved parties. In the project proponent context, this function is held by Redress Unit (GRU) Field Team/Officer.
Grievance Committee
A group consisting of Head of Dinas Lingkungan Hidup, Head of Waste Management and Cleanliness Section, Head of Environmental Compliance Sub-section and Head of Waste Management Sub-section. All of whom are involved in handling more serious grievances.
Landfill authorities
Local Sanitation Authorities, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup, where the Project is located.
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The following chart shows the hierarchical setting of the Grievance Tracing and Resolution Mechanism (GTRM) personnel.
GRU Manager (Head of Environmental Law Compliance and Enforcement Section)
Grievance Committee
GRU Field Officer (Head of UPTD Final Disposal Site)
GRU Database Administrator (Head of Environmental Enforcement Subsection) Figure 2
Hierarchical Setting of Grievance Tracing and Redress Mechanism Personnel
6.10.1 Grievance Resolution Unit Manager The Grievance Redress Unit (GRU) Manager oversees the allocation of necessary resources to ensure that grievance tracking and resolution mechanism are implemented in accordance with relevant national and regional laws and regulations and in line with international guidelines . The GRU Manager also serves as focal point for resolution of community complaints and grievances and facilitates the overall processing of grievances, such as: •
logging and acknowledging receipt of grievances,
•
delegating responsibility for redress,
•
coordinating the GRU field team fact-finding mission,
•
facilitating decisions on resolution actions with aggrieved parties,
•
closing out grievances,
•
tracking and monitoring of all grievances, and
•
generating reports of grievance activities.
The GRU Manager has to ensure that the Project’s Grievance Mechanism is well publicized to target communities and stakeholders. In more serious cases of grievances that cannot be resolved directly, the GRU Manager involves the Grievance Committee for input from its members.
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6.10.2 Grievance Resolution Unit Field Team/Officer (Grievance Contact) GRU Field Officers are designated as points of contact between the project and external stakeholders. They are reporting to the GRU Manager. The responsibilities of the GRU Field Officers are: •
Publicizing the Grievance Mechanism in project affected communities and communicating its purpose and how to use it;
•
Being proactive in attempting to mitigate grievances before they become serious enough to become a formal complaint/dispute;
•
Obtaining contextual data about a grievance from the aggrieved parties, community members, as well as through first hand observational data (fact finding);
•
Receiving grievance directly from stakeholders;
•
Assisting the GRU Manager (Grievance Coordinator) in logging grievances in the Grievance Log or database. ;
•
Assisting the GRU Manager in evaluating grievances;
•
Assisting in identifying appropriate corrective action;
•
Communicating with stakeholders who have lodged grievances, advising them on status and eventually informing them of the decision taken;
•
Assisting in tracking the status of all grievances; and
•
Maintaining dialogue with external stakeholders on grievances received and how these are being resolved
6.10.3 Grievance Committee The Grievance Committee is responsible to address grievances which cannot be resolved directly by GRU Field Officers and the GRU Manager. The Grievance Committee is composed of representatives from local government dinas, and where necessary, from project stakeholders and community representatives and legal authorities. Personnel involved in the Grievance Committee includes: •
Head of Dinas Lingkungan Hidup
•
Head of Environmental Law Compliance and Enforcement Section
•
Head of Waste Management and Cleanliness Section
•
Head of Environmental Compliance Sub-section
•
Head of Environmental Enforcement Sub-section
•
Head of Waste Management Sub-section
•
Head of Technical Operational Unit (UPTD) of Final Disposal Site
The committee meets monthly or at the discretion of the GRU Manager to review and address any complaint that requires their inputs.
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6.10.4 Project Personnel All project personnel such as Dinas staff, as well as private sector contractor and/or subcontractors employees are informed about the Grievance Mechanism and if approached by community members for a grievance obliged to report this grievance to the GRU Field Officer or Manager in a timely manner. It is every project personnel’s responsibility to report grievances, and to ensure that these are filed correctly with the GRU Field officer and/or GRU Manager so that it can be dealt with through the designated process.
Training The landfill authorities provides training for personnel involved in documenting and managing external stakeholders’ grievances. Position
Training
Timing
Grievance Resolution Unit (GRU) Field Officers and Manager
How to deal with Grievances and how to manage grievance mechanism and processes. Training of Trainers (ToT) to provide training about grievance procedures to any staff at any facility, supply chain, contractors, as well as to community
At the beginning of the position assignment or two months after assignment and first training has been attended.
Data entry to database All Dinas Lingkungan Hidup project staff including contractors
Learn about the grievance procedure
At induction and regularly
Project communities
Learn about the grievance procedure
When updated or new and then Yearly/half yearly
affected
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LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D
: GENERAL FLOW FOR RESPONDING TO COMPLAINTS AND INQUIRIES : FORMAT FOR RECEIVING COMPLAINTS AND INQUIRIES (SAMPLE) : CLOSE OUT FORM : GRIEVANCE LOG
15
APPENDIX A: GENERAL FLOW FOR RESPONDING TO COMPLAINTS AND INQUIRIES
16
APPENDIX B: FORMAT FOR RECEIVING COMPLAINTS AND INQUIRIES (SAMPLE) Complaints/Inquiries Slip (to be filled out by the individual receiving complaints/inquiries) Date of receipt Responsible department Individual in charge (Grievance Contact) Individual filing complaints Name
Time when complaint occurred Place where complaint occurred
Receipt no
Contact information
Address
Nationality Age Gender
Tel. no Fax. No Mobile phone e-mail
Note
Stakeholder
Donor Partners Regulatory agencies Local government Local communities
Customers Contractors Mass media NGO Other
Details of complaints (include e.g. date of incident, location, names of attached evidence, general description)
Requests made by individuals filing complaints Expected cause Process and results of response
Discuss the issue Want an improvement Want an apology
Simply need to know Want an understanding other
17
Want a response Want an investigation
APPENDIX C: CLOSE OUT FORM
GRIEVANCE CLOSE-OUT I/We, _____________, who instituted Receipt # ________ agree that this grievance has been resolved to our satisfaction on this date ________. We renounce all future claims concerning this issue. Names
Signatures
TO BE COMPLETED BY COMPLAINANT Settlement: Name of GRU Representative: ________. Witnessed by: _____________________. (Name and Title of Local Official) Date: _______. We, the GRU Representative and ________ (Name and Title of Local Official) state that the claimant(s) _______ who instituted Receipt # _______ have refused on this date _______ to sign a grievance closeout. The claimant(s) have been informed that the project considers the grievance to have been appropriately addressed according to the project’s grievance mechanism. The claimants have also been informed of their right to pursue the grievance in civil court. Name of GRU Representative: ________. Witnessed by: _____________________. (Name and Title of Local Official) Date: _______________. TO BE COMPLETED BY COMPLAINANT
18
19
Date of Closeout (dd/mm/yy)
Corrective Action
Date of Response
Valid/Invalid w/ Summary Description Why
Admissible (Y/N)
Assigned to
Brief Description
Address or Settlement
Date of Grievance Log updated
Name of Complainant
Receipt Number
Date Reported (dd/mm/yy)
APPENDIX D: GRIEVANCE LOG XX/XX/XXX
Appendix 6 – Land Acquisition and Resettlement Policy Framework
INDONESIA: Improvement of Solid Waste Management to Support Regional and Metropolitan Cities (ISWMP)
LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (LARPF)
1
CONTENTS DEFINITIONS ACRONYMS A.
Introduction
B.
Objective
C.
Definition
D.
Laws and Regulation Related to Land Acquisition and Resettlement
E.
Likely Category of Project Affected Persons
F.
Preparation and approval process of LARAP
G.
Eligibility Criteria for Defining Various Categories of PAPs
H.
Methods of Affected Assets Valuation
I.
Forms of Compensation
J.
Consultations and disclosures
K.
Voluntary Land Donation
L.
Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM)
M.
Organizational & Financing Arrangements
N.
Monitoring and Reporting
O.
Implementation Arrangement
Appendix 1: List of ISWMP Sub-Projects in the 1st Year Implementation Arrangement Appendix 2: Format of Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan Appendix 3: Summary of Voluntary Land Donation Protocol Appendix 4: Format of the Statement Letter on Land Donation Appendix 5: Format of the Statement on Permit for Land Use Appendix 6: Format of the Statement on Permit for Land Easement
2
DEFINITIONS
Terms
Meaning
Government
The Government of the Republic of Indonesia
Project
Improvement of Solid Waste Management to Support Regional and Metropolitan Cities (P157245)
Provincial government
The provinsi government, headed by a governor or gubernur
Local government
Municipal (kota) government (headed by a mayor or walikota) or district or regency (kabupaten) government (headed by a district head/regent or bupati) Project component implemented at the central, provincial and/or kabupaten/kota level
Sub-project
3
ACRONYMS APBD
Local Government Budget
APBN
Central Government Budget
Bappeda
Local Government Planning Agency
BPN
Local Government Land Agency
CPIU
Central Project Implementation Unit
CPMU
Central Project Management Unit
DED
Detail Engineering Design
DGCK
Directorate General Cipta Karya
GOI
Government of Indonesia
LARAP
Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan
LARPF
Land Acquisition and Resettlement Policy Framework
MHA
Indigenous Community (Masyarakat Hukum Adat)
MPWH
Ministry of Public Works and Housing
NGOs
Non-Government Organizations
OP
Operational Procedures
PAH
Project Affected Household
PAPs
Project Affected Persons
PIU
Project Implementation Unit
PIP
Project Implementation Plan
QPR
Quarterly Project Report (QPR)
WBOJ
World Bank Office in Jakarta
4
LARAP This LARAP is specific to the Aie Dingin Landfill in Padang City. At this stage there is no need for land to be acquired and the expansion and upgrade will be taking place on the existing landfill location and land owned by the government. For any future upgrade or expansion and resulting additional land requirements this LARAP will need to be updated to include the affected land and community. The land acquisition and resettlement plan will follow the land acquisition and resettlement framework (LARAF) that is in place for all landfills that are part of this project and current laws and regulations at the time of the future expansion.
Project description The Aie Dingin Landfill will be upgraded and expanded.
Project location The Aie Dingin Landfill is located in Aie Dingin Village and Baringin Village, Koto Tangah Sub-District, Padang.
Type of Work Upgrade and extension includes the improving of existing landfill facilities and the expansion and inclusion of new land area.
Land Requirement The additional land requirements are 18.8 ha. This land is part of the landfill already and no additional land will be required at this point in time by the landfill authorities. Any future additional land requirements that will need to be acquired from the community will require an additional LARAP.
Inventory of Residents and Project-Impacted Lands The land is not used for any income generating activities of local communities. There are no buildings or other structures on this land. There are no trees on the land or any annual crops. There is no need for a plant inventory. The existing landfill is source of livelihood for waste pickers who scavenge valuable waste that can be recycled and sold to waste buyers. A number of food sellers are also available on the landfill site to sell food, snacks, drinks, and other daily needs to waste pickers. The landfill is also used by a number of livestock owners in the village to let their cows grazing and looking for food from the waste. Inventory of land to be acquired for any future expansion of the landfill will require a detailed inventory of the affected residents and the land, including physical structures and any perennial or annual plants on the land. 5
Ownership status of Land/Buildings The land is owned by local government since 1986 and is used for landfill under the Office of Environment of Padang Municipality. The status of the land is state land or Tanah Negara. Ownership status of land to be acquired for any future expansion of the landfill will need to be established.
Function of land/building impacted by project The land that is used for the current expansion and upgrade is part of the landfill already and is not being used by any community for any purpose. Land use of any future land to be acquired will need to be established at the time.
Plant/trees impacted by the project No plant nor trees are being impacted by the project. For any future land to be acquired an inventory of the standing crops and trees will be required.
Land price/compensation For the current expansion and upgrade not applicable. Determination of the amount of compensation upon land acquired by the landfill authorities in the future will be carried by the relevant public authorities who carry out land appraisals. Current market prices will be taken into account for negotiating the price with private land owners.
Price of Crops/Crop compensation For the current expansion and upgrade not applicable. The land and crops will be appraised by the relevant public authorities and will take current market pricing into account when setting the price.
Certification For the current expansion and upgrade not applicable. All future land to be acquired will be certified after all processes of land clearance and land acquisition have been conducted. The process will be carried out by a certified Notary under the responsibility of the Tamangappa Landfill Authorities.
Public Consultation and Negotiation Process Public consultation regarding the project has been carried out in the nearby villages of Aie Dingin and Baringin. The meetings were attended by village representatives, local government representatives, representative of waste pickers, waste buyers and 6
other key stakeholders related to the landfill. A survey was carried out with waste pickers, waste buyers and other community members to understand the impact on the nearby communities with regards to land use and other aspects. At the same time, the surveyed community was being informed further about the landfill authorities’ upgrade and expansion plans. For any future expansion plans, the landfill authorities commit to conduct further public consultation with the affected communities well in advance. Consultation with residents whose assets are possibly impacted by the project will be carried out. An inventory of the land and crops will be acquired and a census survey conducted, witnessed by the local village government apparatus. Upon completion of the inventory and census, negotiations will be carried out with the project impacted communities. The negotiation meetings will be facilitated and witnessed by the Padang City and Koto Tangah sub-district authorities, before the compensation is executed. The negotiations shall be based on the results of the appraisal and compensation payments shall be in the form and amount agreed upon at the negotiations, acknowledged and witnessed by the relevant local authorities. All of the meetings conducted and results thereof including that of the inventory will be documented and the residents impacted by the project will receive a copy of the documentation.
Major Institutions engaged Pursuant to the laws and regulations of the Republic of Indonesia and based upon the LARAF a number of local and regional authorities will be engaged in the implementation of this LARAP.
Complaint Handling/ Grievance Mechanism A grievance mechanism will be set up for the operational phase of the landfill. This grievance mechanism can be used also for any future expansion plans of the landfill. Community and other affected stakeholders are to be informed about the grievance mechanism at the time of the first public consultations to be held.
Monitoring and Reporting Monitoring of the implementation of the land procurement for future land needs for the Tamangappa Landfill will be conducted internally by the Tamangappa Landfill Authorities. Each step of the land acquisition implementation will be documented and reported. If there is any delay in the process or an activity is not implemented according to this plan and the umbrella LARAF, the reasons of the delay or deviation from the planned implementation will need to be reported. The monitoring results (progress of the implementation) of the LARAP will be conveyed to the World Bank, complete with supporting documentation available at the time. Such progress reports will become part of the quarterly progress reporting.
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Implementation Schedule and Budget of Implementation of Land Procurement For the current upgrade and expansion of the landfill no implementation schedule or budget is required. For any future expansion that will require the procurement of additional land, an implementation schedule and budget will need to be developed in accordance with the LARAF. The landfill authorities will be responsible to plan fund allocation and funding for the land acquisition activities. At the minimum the implementation schedule includes the following key steps 1. Planning - Preparation of Planning Documents 2. Preparation a. Land data initial inventory b. Development of notification plan (public consultation) c. Public Consultation d. Permit application to relevant government authority e. Licensing 3. Implementation a. Inventory and identification b. Announcement of inventory and identification results c. Objection on inventory and identification results (if any) d. Verification and remedy (if necessary) e. Appraiser Procurement f. Implementation of Appraisal Duty g. Negotiations h. Re-negotiations (if necessary) i.
Compensation Provision
4. Result Submission a. Submission of results to relevant authorities b. Registration/certification of required land
8
LARAF Introduction The Improvement of Solid Waste Management to Support Regional and Metropolitan Cities is to support the implementation of the government’s national program to improve solid waste management services for selected urban populations across Indonesia. In Indonesia, the law defines solid waste management (SWM) as being “a systematic comprehensive and sustainable activity which covers waste reduction and handling” and identifies three types of solid waste: (i) “household waste”, defined as waste produced from household daily activities, (ii) “household-type waste” that is the same as household waste, but is generated by non-household agencies (e.g. commercial, industrial, government, markets, social) and (iii) “specific waste” such as hazardous, construction and disaster-produced waste. Metropolitan areas are defined as those with a population of over 1 million. Indonesia’s Long-Term National Urban Development Plan 2015-2045 sets the targets of urban service standards and increasing capacity of city management. Solid waste management is high on the national agenda, as exemplified by the National Medium Term Development Plan’s (RPJMN) ambitious “100-0-100” targets of eliminating all slums and providing universal access to water and sanitation (including solid waste collection) by 20191. The Project is designed to address the needs of national and city governments for varying types of support, for incremental improvements to their systems, services and facilities for social waste management in at approximately 70 cities2. All metropolitan areas will be the primary targets of this program. Hence, possible cities for inclusion in the program include (but are not limited to): Bandung, Banjarmasin, Bogor, Denpasar, Depok, Jakarta, Madiun, Magelang, Makassar, Manado, Mataram, Medan, Padang, Palembang, Semarang, and Surabaya.
The “100-0-100” target refers to 100% household access to water supply; zero slums; and 100% household access to sanitation (including waste water treatment and solid waste collection). 1
2
As part of the preparation for the programmatic approach under ISWMP, the Government of Indonesia and World Bank have agreed on the need for a Program Implementation Roadmap to outline both the actions and investments needed for establishing an effective SWM Program. The Roadmap highlights required: - Policy Reforms; - Implementation Arrangements; - Technical Sectoral Guidelines; - Local Capacity Building Needs (planning, operational, and financing); - Conditions for Mobilizing Additional Financing Sources (including private sector finance and climate change funding); - Investment Plan for First $1 Billion (USD) of Integrated Waste Management Infrastructure. 9
The project may finance activities such as the modification of existing land fill and the construction of new landfills, which would imply significant land acquisition and involuntary resettlement. Thus to allow flexibility during project implementation of the ISWMP where some proposed activities may require additional land, temporarily or permanently, this Land Acquisition and Resettlement Policy Framework (LARPF) is developed. The project will ensure that only small-scale land acquisition will take place, which will not have any significant impact on the owners. A Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan (LARAP) will be prepared during project implementation (after the screening, verification and confirmation stage) in the likely event that the sub-project activities will involve land acquisition and/or resettlement. The Bank requires the project to avoid involuntary resettlement where feasible, and where it is not feasible to be avoided, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits.
Objective 1. The purpose of this Policy Framework is to provide requirements to Project Implementation Units (PIUs) on the principles, process, procedures, and organizational arrangements to be applied to sub-projects requiring land acquisition and resettlement in preparing a Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan (LARAP). A LARAP may need to be prepared during project implementation, once specific planning information of the sub-project is known and as a reference for the Central Project Management Unit (CPMU) in Directorate General Cipta Karya and city governments. Its purpose includes to ensure that project management staff at the regional level plan and implement land acquisition and resettlement in compliance with this framework. 2. As a framework, LAPRF provides general guidance not only for the preparation and implementation of small-scale land acquisition but also for the bigger scale land acquisition and/or resettlement. Protocol for voluntary land donation will also be provided to anticipate land acquisition through voluntary land donation that may take place some cities, under Component 2 or Component 3. 3. There will be between 2 and 4 sub-projects to be implemented during the 1st year of project implementation. The detail engineering designs (DEDs) of the subprojects have confirmed that none of them will involve land acquisition that require land acquisition/resettlement action plan. This LARPF will be applied to sub-projects identified in the following years during project implementation. List of sub-projects under the 1st year implementation is presented in Appendix 1. 4. The overall objectives and principles of land acquisition and resettlement in this project are to ensure that: a) Land acquisition and resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative sub-project designs; b) Where it is not feasible to avoid land acquisition and resettlement, activities of land acquisition and resettlement should be conceived and executed as 10
sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the project affected persons (PAPs) to share the sub-project benefits. The PAPs should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing the land acquisition and resettlement programs. c) PAPs should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-land acquisition and resettlement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. Overall, the PAPs’ living conditions should not be worse-off due the land taking by the sub-project, while at the same time they should benefit from the project. 5. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs, and should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them.
Definition 6. In this project, involuntary resettlement includes land acquisition implemented under the eminent domain principle that could involve physical and economic displacement. As practice in various World Bank supported projects in Indonesia, understanding of involuntary resettlement includes land acquisition implemented under the Indonesian laws and regulations, and resettlement (or relocation). Hence, as the common practice in other World Bank supported projects, Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan (LARAP) is the term commonly used that is equivalent with the term Resettlement Plan (RP) used in World Bank OP 4.12. 7. This framework applies for the following situation: a. Impacts caused by sub-projects resulting in involuntary land acquisition, relocation, loss of assets or loss of access to assets, loss of income sources or means of livelihood whether or not the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) must move to another location; resulting in the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas that would result in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the PAPs. b. Activities resulting in involuntary land acquisition and resettlement in linked activities, regardless of financing sources that are: •
Directly and significantly related to the ISWMP sub-project;
•
Necessary to achieve the objectives of the sub-project; and
•
Carried out, or planned to be carried out contemporaneously with the subproject.
Laws and Regulation Related to Land Acquisition and Resettlement 8. This framework relies on Government of Indonesia laws and regulations to the extent that they are in compliance with the World Bank OP 4.12 on Involuntary 11
Resettlement. Specific provisions are included in this framework to address any aspect of the OP 4.12 that are not fully addressed in the Government of Indonesia laws and regulations. GOI laws and regulations include: a. Law No. 2/2012 on Land Acquisition for Project Activity for Public Interest; b. Presidential Regulation No. 71/2012 on Land Acquisition and its amendments; and c. Regulation of the Head of BPN RI No. 5/2012 on Technical Guidelines on the Implementation of the Land Acquisition. Land acquisition process based on Law 2/2012 is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. 9. The amendment of Presidential Regulation No. 71/2012 on Land Acquisition (Presidential Regulation No. 40/2014) allows that land acquisition for an area less than 5 Ha to be carried out directly by the agency requiring the land based on willing-buyer-willing seller principle, exchange or other schemes agreed by the two parties. In this case, the required land should be located in one area, and can be obtained in one fiscal year. The agency requiring the land may use licensed appraisers to assess the affected assets.
12
Figure 1: Preparation Stage of Land Acquisition Process based on Law 2/2012
13
Figure 2: Implementation Stage of Land Acquisition Process based on Law 2/2012
14
Likely Category of Project Affected Persons 10. It is anticipated that the landfill rehabilitation or construction activities would involve some small land acquisition for some ISWMP sub-projects. The project anticipates that there would be two general categories of PAPs in this project: (1) persons affected by the acquisition of privately owned land; (2) persons affected who have lived on the government (state or local government)’s land but do not own the occupied land. These occupants fall into four categories: (a) persons who own and occupy dwellings and other structure built on state or government land without any recognizable legal right or claim to the land they occupy; (b) renters of dwellings and other structures built on state or government land without any recognizable legal right or claim to the land they occupy; (c) encroachers, i.e., persons who extend their personal holdings by encroaching adjacent state or government land; (d) squatter landlords, i.e. persons who derive illegal rents from structures built on state or government land, but do not occupy such structures. Identification of the PAPs will be done during the preparation of LARAP through the census survey. 11. A LARAP should adopt measures to ensure that the PAPs are: a. Informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement; b. Consulted on, offered choices among, and provided with technically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives; and c. Provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement costs for losses of assets attributable directly to the project. 12. If the impacts include physical relocation, a LARAP should also include measures ensuring that the PAPs are: a. Provided assistance (such as moving allowance) during relocation; and b. Provided with residential housing, or housing sites, or else, as required and agreed with the PAPs to at least equivalent the situation in the old sites. 13. Where necessary to achieve the objectives of land acquisition and resettlement, a LARAP should also include measures to ensure that PAPs are: a. Offered support after displacement for a transition period, based on a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be needed to restore their livelihood and standards of living; and b. Provided with development assistance in addition to compensation.
Preparation and approval process of LARAP 14. During the sub-project preparation, the PIU will identify activities that will likely involve land acquisition and resettlement and identify the scale of impact of the land acquisition, based on estimated number of affected people and size of land to be taken based on the detail engineering design (DED). Number of affected peoples and/or scale of land acquisition will define whether the PIU should
15
prepare a draft full LARAP or an Abbreviated LARAP3: •
Full LARAP is required when land acquisition affects more than 200 people, takes more than 10% of household productive assets and/or involves physical relocation;
•
Abbreviated LARAP is acceptable if fewer than 200 persons are affected but land acquisition is minor, less than 10% of all productive assets of the affected households is taken.
15. The content is more or less equivalent with the combination of activities under the Land Acquisition Plan and the Inventory and Identification of Land Ownerships, Use and Utilization of Land under the Implementation of Land Acquisition Stage under the national law and regulations. The content of a full LARAP and an Abbreviated LARAP are presented in Appendix 2. There are no fundamental differences in terms of achieving objectives of equality and compensating social cost; however there are some procedural differences between an Abbreviated LARAP and LARAP. The LARAP is more detailed and takes longer to complete. A LARAP needs to include a review of the legal and institutional framework whereas an Abbreviated LARAP does not. An Abbreviated LARAP can be based on an asset census with each affected household while a LARAP requires both an asset census and a community socio-economic survey to provide a monitoring benchmark for understanding how PAPs’ socio-economic conditions have changed. Since physical works will be in the existing system, if land acquisitions are involved, they will be in small-scale that will only need Abbreviated LARAPs. 16. PIU will prepare the LARAP in collaboration mainly with the Land Agency (BPN). Local Government Planning Agency (Bappeda) will also be consulted particularly to ensure that the LARAP is in conformity with the city spatial development plan, as well as to inform them of the potential estimated budget needs for implementing land acquisition and resettlement. The Draft LARAP will be shared with the CPMU/CPIU (DGWR) for review. Finally, the reviewed LARAP will be shared with the Bank for approval. During the LARAP preparation, the PIU will be guided and assisted by the Regional Safeguards Specialist of CPIU.
Eligibility Criteria for Defining Various Categories of PAPs 17. PAPs eligible for compensation for the affected assets are those (a) who have land rights ownership; (b) who have land management/use ownership; (c) who have “nadzir” for the donated land of “wakaf”; (d) land owners for land that used to be owned by adat; (e) “masyarakat hukum adat” (MHA or Adat Community); (f) those who occupy or use state land with good intention/faith; (g) those who hold basic control of land; and/or (h) those who own building/structure, plants and other things related to the land.
3
As of OP 4.12, Full LARAP and Abbreviated LARAP refer to the level of significance of impacts 16
Methods of Affected Assets Valuation 18. As required by Law No. 2/2012 and its implementation regulations, values of affected assets will be assessed by licensed appraisers, which will be assigned by the provincial BPN in accordance with the national procurement regulations. The values defined by the licensed appraisers will be used as a basis for negotiation with the PAPs. Types and compensation level will be defined based on the negotiation results between the PIU (who need the land for the sub-project) and the land or property owners. Value assessment will be carried out on per affected land plot basis which include land, space above and beneath land, buildings or structures, plants, things that relate to the affected land and/or other loss that can be valued (e.g. non-physical loss that can be equivalent with monetary value; loss of jobs or income earning sources, cost for moving, cost for change of profession, and value for remaining property). The remaining property that is no longer physically or economically feasible can be also compensated if the owners prefer to do so. Land valuation/appraisal by the licensed appraisers will be carried out based on the MAPPI (Indonesian Society of Appraisers) Standards as specified in MAPPI Guidelines (Standar Penilaian Indonesia (SPI) 306). 19. Entitlements Matrix for the Project Affected Persons can see in Table 1 below. Table 9: Entitlements Matrix for the Project Affected Persons Project Affected Persons
Entitlements
Expected Outcomes
Land/asset owners who lose land and/or other assets
Compensation for loss of land and other assets based on value assessment carried out by licensed appraisers
Land/asset owners will be fully compensated for the loss of land and asset
Land/asset owners who lose temporarily or permanently their sources of income or livelihoods
Compensation for loss of sources of income or livelihoods based on value assessment for non-physical carried out by licensed appraisers
Land acquisition/resettlement will not result in the impoverishment of the affected land/asset owners
Persons who own and occupy dwellings and other structure built on state or government land without any recognizable legal right or claim to the land they occupy
Compensation for loss of dwellings and other structure, for income sources or livelihoods and resettlement assistance, based on the assessment of the licensed appraisers
Compensation received and resettlement assistance provided will enable households to gain access to adequate housing or to a place that can be legally occupied and land acquisition will not result in the impoverishment of the affected persons.
Renters of dwellings and other structures built on state or government land without any recognizable legal right or claim to the land they occupy
The project considers to provide sufficient time (at least 2 months from the cut-off date/at the time of census survey) for the renters to find another place
Renters will find place to rent or to live in accordance to their needs
Encroachers, i.e., persons who
Do
Do not have incentive to encroach
not
entitle 17
for
any
Project Affected Persons
Entitlements
Expected Outcomes
aggrandize or extend their personal holdings by encroaching adjacent state or government land
compensation for the affected assets that encroached the state or government land
state or government land in the future
Squatter landlords, i.e. persons who derive illegal rents from structures built on state or government land but do not occupy such structures.
Do not entitle compensation
Do not have incentive to do similar renting scheme in other areas or in the future
for
any
Forms of Compensation 20. Compensation may take several forms: (a) cash; (b) land replacement; (c) resettlement to other site; (d) shares ownership; or (e) other forms of compensation that are agreed both by the PAPs and the agency requiring the land (in this case is the city/regency PIU). Compensation may take combination of these depending on the agreements between the PAPs and the agency requiring the land.
Consultations and disclosures 21. Consultations and disclosures for acquiring land start from the planning, preparation, and implementation phase. In brief summary, Law No. 2/2012 and its implementing regulations specify that consultations should be carried out in the following activities: a. At planning stage: plan of the location of sub-project, purpose of the development, steps and time frame for land acquisition, roles of licensed appraisers in the asset valuation, incentive or compensation that would be provided for the PAPs, eligible assets or object for compensation, and responsibility and rights of the eligible PAPs. Consultations will use public meetings, media and information in the closest villages/urban neighbourhoods. Consultations will adopt dialogue approach, and can take place more than one time, depending on the need and agreement reached. Agreement will be put in writing. The defined sub-project location requiring land will be disclosed to public in the media, websites of the provincial and city government as well as in the website of the agency requiring the land. b. BPN will consult the owners of the asset during the inventory and the identification of the affected assets. Results of the inventory will be disclosed in the sub-project area (village/kelurahan) or kecamatan (sub-district) offices for 14 days to receive complaints. c. Results of asset valuation done by the licensed appraisers will be provided to the PAPs and used as the basis for negotiations. 18
d. LARAP document will be disclosed in the kelurahan/village where the subproject requiring land acquisition is located and in posted in the project (MPWH) website (www.pu.go.id).
Voluntary Land Donation 22. Voluntary land donation is a common approach in Indonesia for acquiring the land, in particular under the community-based program. Under the ISWMP, there may be activities that require small areas of land for community purposes, which may acquired through land donation. As such, guidance on the voluntary land donation (VLD) for the PIU is required. Consultations and disclosure for acquiring land start from the planning, preparation, and implementation phase. The protocol on conducting VLD refers to Law No. 2/2012 and its implementing regulations and provided in Appendix 3.
Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM). 23. Process, procedures, requirements as well time for complaints to be solved during the land acquisition process will follow Law No. 2/2012 and its implementing regulations (including amendments).
Organizational & Financing Arrangements 24. Organizational arrangements for the process of acquiring land will follow the Law No. 2/2012 and its implementing regulations (including amendments). The PIU will work closely with the land agency (BPN) who is mainly in charge of the process of land acquisition. LARAP will be prepared based on the information provided by the Land Acquisition Plan and Inventory and Identification Report of the BPN. The draft LARAP will be reviewed by CPMU/CPIU, and approved by the Bank. Implementation of LARAP will be overseen and monitored by the regional implementing unit and regular implementation report will be provided to the CPMU/CPIU and the Bank. Land acquisition process should be completed prior to the start of the construction. 25. Funds should cover compensation, operational and supporting costs during the planning, preparation, implementation, handover of results, administration and management, and socialization. Confirmation on the scope of land that will have to be acquired for a sub-project will be confirmed during or after the DED is completed. In principle, the funding will be available from the Central Budget (APBN) and/or Local Budget (APBD) or combination of these, under the agency who needs the land. Requirement for the operational and supporting budget from APBN is regulated by the Ministry of Finance, whereas that from APBD is regulated by the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Monitoring and Reporting 26. PIUs, assisted by the Regional Safeguards Specialist of CPIU, will monitor the 19
LARAP preparation and implementation. Process of preparing and content of LARAP will be ensured in reference to the LARPF. Implementation of LARAP will be monitored based on indicators as specified in the approved LARAP, which includes among others: (a) consultation process; (b) eligible PAPs; (c) agreed compensation level and forms; (d) payment of compensation and delivery of assistance; (e) follow-up on the legal process of the acquired land/remaining land; (f) the effectiveness of complaint handling mechanisms; (g) number, type of complaints and follow up; (h) disclosures of the LARAP and transparency during the process of land acquisition; etc. The monitoring report of LARAP implementation will be submitted to the Bank. The summary of the report will be included in the Quarterly Project Report (QPR).
Implementation Arrangement 27. CPMU/CPIU will be responsible for training the respective PIU to undertake the work of consultation, screening, analyses and preparing LARAP and addressing any grievances. 28. PIU of individual sub-projects and local authorities are responsible for undertaking all works related to land acquisition and resettlement activities and implementing the LARAP (arrange adequate staff and budget) under guidance of CPIU’s Regional Team.
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Appendix 1: List of ISWMP Sub-Projects in the 1st Year Implementation Arrangement The results of the initial long list analysis and screening produced a shortlist of seven sites for further detailed screening: No.
Location
Landfill (TPA)
1
DKI Jakarta
AD and TPA Bantar Gebang
2
Denpasar
TPA Regional Sarbagita
3
Makassar
TPA Tamangapa
4
Manado
TPA Sumompo
5
Palembang
TPA Karyajaya
6
Padang
TPA Aie Dingin
7
Magelang - City & Regency
TBA
Following the continued screening process the list has further been refined down to four Tier 1. Candidate Cities; Makassar, Palembang, Padang and Magelang, which will proceed to Feasibility study phase.
21
Appendix 2: Format of Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan Format of Full LARAP A full LARAP shall include, at minimum, the elements below, as relevant. If any component is not relevant to the activity/sub-project’s circumstances, it needs to be explained in the full LARAP. 1. Description of Sub-project. A general description of the sub-project/activity and identification of the site. 2. Potential Impacts. Identification of: (a) components of sub-project that would require land and/or relocation; (b) areas to be affected by the sub-project (area of influence); (c) alternatives to avoid or minimize land acquisition and/or relocation; and (d) to the extent possible, any measures adopted to avoid or minimize land acquisition and/or relocation. 3. Objectives. Objectives of the full LARAP. 4. Census of the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) and inventory of affected assets. Census results and asset inventory, including the following information: a. List of PAPs, with differentiation of those having land rights and occupants who do not have land rights; vulnerable and gender; b. Inventory of land parcels and structures affected by the sub-project, covering the following information: • • • • • •
Size of total land parcels affected, size of land to be acquired by the subproject, and size of the remaining land; Ownership status of the land and structure affected by the sub-project and proof of ownerships; Function of land affected by the sub-project; Size and function of the affected structure, and remaining size of the structure; Condition of the affected structures (permanent, semi-permanent, temporary, etc.) Other assets affected by the sub-project (trees, crops, wells, fences, etc.).
c. Total number of PAPs and households affected by the sub-project (Project Affected Households - PAH) d. Number of PAHs to be relocated, which differentiate (1) those who can rebuild their houses in the remaining land from the affected land, and (2) those who have to relocate to other locations; and e. Number of PAHs who lose more than 10% of their productive assets. 22
The above information should be summarized in a Table. 5. Socio-economic Study The Socio-economic Study must be conducted in the early stage of the sub-project preparation and with the involvement of the potentially PAPs. The Study must include the following components: Census results and asset inventory, including the following information: a. The results of the census of the PAPs in paragraph 4 above. b. The description about production systems, labour, and household organization; and baseline information on livelihoods and standards of living of the PAPs; c. Characteristics of social interaction within the affected communities, including social networks and social support systems, and how they will be affected by the sub-project; d. Information about vulnerable groups or persons for whom special provisions may have to be made; e. Existing land ownership rights and systems of land transfer, including an inventory of shared natural resources, sources from which community members obtain their livelihood and food, right to use system based on nonownership rights (including fishing, harvesting from vegetation/trees for own consumption, or use of forested areas) as governed by land allocation mechanisms, locally-applicable systems, and systems to settle any issues arising due to particular land occupation schemes; f. Magnitude of the expected loss –total or partial—of assets and the extent of displacement, physical or economic, as well as public infrastructure and social services to be affected; g. Social and cultural characteristics of the PAPs, including a description about local formal and informal institutions (for example, community organizations, ritual groups, non-government organizations (NGO), who are possibly related to the public consultation strategy, project design process and implementation of resettlement); h. Initial information concerning the livelihoods of PAPs (to include, if necessary, level of production and income obtained from any formal as well as informal economic activity) and level of their livelihood (including their health status); and i.
Provisions to update information on the PAPs’ livelihoods and standard of living at regular intervals so that the latest information is available at the time of their displacement.
6. Legal Analysis The findings of an analysis of the legal framework, covering: a. The scope of the power of eminent domain and the nature of compensation associated with it, in terms of both the valuation methodology and the timing 23
of payment; b. The applicable legal and administrative procedures, including a description of remedies available to the PAPs in the judicial process, the normal time frame for such procedures, and any available alternative dispute resolution mechanisms that may be relevant to resettlement under the Project; c. Relevant laws (including customary and traditional laws) governing land tenure, valuation of assets and losses, compensation and natural usage of rights; customary personal law related to displacement; and environmental laws and social welfare legislation; d. Laws and regulations relating to the agencies responsible for implementing land acquisition and resettlement; e. Any legal steps necessary to ensure the effective implementation of land acquisition and resettlement under the Project, including, as appropriate, a process for recognizing claims to legal rights to land, including any claims obtained according to traditional law and traditional usage. 7. Institutional Framework The findings of an analysis of the institutional framework includes: a. The identification of agencies responsible for resettlement activities and NGOs that may have a role in sub-project implementation; b. An assessment of the institutional capacity of such agencies and NGOs; and c. Any measure proposed to enhance the institutional capacity of agencies and NGOs responsible for implementing land acquisition and resettlement. 8. Entitlement Identification of PAPs entitled to receive compensation, assistance for resettlement and support for rehabilitation, in addition to explanations regarding the criteria to determine the entitlement among various categories of PAPs, including the time for announcing the PAPs as affected and eligible for compensation (the cut-off-date). 9. Asset valuation and calculation of compensation on affected assets A description of procedures to determine the types and amount of compensation to be offered to the PAPs, which represent the value assessment carried out by the licensed appraisers. 10. Compensation, assistance for resettlement and support for rehabilitation A description about the (1) various compensation packages to be offered to PAPs whose land and/or other assets are going to be acquired by the Project Activity; (2) assistance for resettlement to the community members who are physically relocated, and (3) support for rehabilitation for community members who will lose their source of income or livelihood due to land acquisition for the sub-project. The compensation packages, combined with assistance and other support offered for every category of PAPs must be sufficient to ensure that their livelihood following resettlement is not getting worse. Options for resettlement and other 24
assistance offered to PAPs must be prepared based on consultation and must be technically and economically appropriate, and in accordance to the most preferable options from the cultural viewpoint of the PAPs. 11. Location selection, preparation, and resettlement Alternative resettlement sites and the description of each site including: a. Institutional and technical arrangements that are needed to identify and prepare the resettlement site, whether it is in rural or urban areas, of which, a combination of potentially productive and beneficial locations, as well as a combination of other factors, to the greatest extent possible, will give equal benefits to the PAPs compared to their situation in their previous location, within an estimated time period required to obtain and to convert the land and its additional resources; b. Measures to prevent land speculation or an increasing influx of newcomers who are ineligible for resettlement, to the site; c. Procedures for physical relocation, including a schedule for preparation of the new relocation site and land transfers; and, d. Legal arrangements to occupy the land in the new relocation site and to transfer land rights to the PAPs. 12. Housing, infrastructure, and social services Plans to provide (or to finance) the settlers to receive their entitlements pertaining to housing, infrastructure (for example, clean water, road access etc.), and basic social services (for example, schools, health services etc.); plans to ensure that those services are equal or greater than the existing standards of the host community; and exploration for expansion of location, technique, and architectural design for those facilities. 13. Environmental management A description on the boundaries of relocation area, and assessment on the environmental impacts due to the proposed land acquisition, and the steps to reduce and mitigate the impacts (to be coordinated, as necessary, with the environmental assessment of the sub-project, which requires land acquisition). 14. Participatory Process Participation of affected community and host community is crucial. This requires: a. A description of the strategy of public consultation and the participatory process, involving the PAPs, as well as the host community, in design, as well as in implementation of the land acquisition process; b. A summary of the views expressed by the PAPs and how these views are being considered in the LARAP; c. Review of alternatives to land acquisition are offered and a decision is made by PAPs concerning the various available options, including options on forms of compensation and assistance due to land acquisition, or relocation for families, individuals, or part of the communities or of kinship communities, and 25
efforts to maintain patterns of existing social organization, as well as efforts to maintain access to cultural land (e.g. places of religious worship, or burial); d. Institutional arrangements in which the relocated community members can report their concerns to the authorized parties of the Project, during the planning and implementation stages, and efforts are in place to ensure that the vulnerable groups are properly represented; and e. Measures taken to reduce impacts of land acquisition on the community members/host community (if relocation takes place), including consultation with members of the host community and local government. There are arrangements to accelerate payment to the community members/host community for the affected land or other assets which are bought for the relocated peoples, as well as arrangements to overcome any possible conflict between the relocated peoples and the host community; and to provide basic public services (for example, education, water, health, and production facilities etc.) for host communities, which should be of equal service level to those of the relocated group. 15. Grievance Redress Procedures The procedures must be accessible (inexpensive and easy) by any third party to obtain settlement for any dispute arising from the sub-project, as listed in Full LARAP. Such grievance procedures should consider options for settlement through court and other mechanisms such as community-based settlement of dispute, as well as traditional dispute resolution mechanisms. 16. Institutional Responsibility The organizational frameworks for land acquisition and resettlement, including identification of institutions responsible for the implementation of afull LARAP, of procedures on land acquisition and provision of services; plan to ensure that proper coordination between various institutions and jurisdictions involved in the implementation is already made; and every step (including technical assistance) required to strengthen the capacity of the implementing agency to design and carry out land acquisition; to transfer the work to the local authorized party or to the settlers to manage their own facility and services provided by the Project; and to transfer other responsibility from the implementing agency for land acquisition, if any. 17. Schedule of Implementation A schedule for implementation, which includes all land acquisition activities, starting from preparation to implementation, including target deadlines for realization of benefits expected for the settlers and host community and cut-off dates for the various forms of assistance. The schedule needs to describe how resettlement is linked with the overall sub-project’s implementation. 18. Cost and Budget A table showing an estimation of costs for all land acquisition activities, including an inflation factor, population growth, and other contingency expenses; schedule of disbursement; source of fund; timely cash flow plan, and funding for land 26
acquisition, if any, for areas beyond the jurisdictions of the implementing agency. 19. Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for monitoring toward land acquisition and resettlement activity by the implementing agency, supported by independent observers as considered necessary by the Bank, to ensure that complete and objective information can be collected; indicators for performance monitoring to measure input, output, and outcome of the land acquisition activity; PAPs’ participation in the monitoring; submission of monitoring report to the Bank; evaluation of the impact of land acquisition within a set time frame to be determined after all land acquisition activities and related activities are completed. The results of monitoring should also be used to improve implementation.
Format of Abbreviated LARAP An Abbreviated LARAP is required for a Project Activity that affects less than 200 people, or if it creates insignificant and minor impacts on the PAPs. Impacts are considered minor and insignificant if the PAPs physically do not have to be relocated and not more than 10% of their productive assets are acquired by the Project Activities. An Abbreviated LARAP shall include, at minimum, the following components: 1. Description of the Project Activity General description concerning the sub-project and identification of the site. 2. Potential various impacts that may occur The identification includes: (i) components of sub-project that would require land acquisition; and (ii) areas to be affected by the activity. 3. Census on the PAPs, and inventory of assets affected by the Project Activity Results of the survey and asset inventory, which will include: (i) list of PAPs, which differentiate PAPs who have land rights and land users (tenants) who do not have land rights; and, (ii) inventory of land parcels and structures affected. 4. Eligibility Identification of which PAPs will be entitled to receive compensation and explanation of the criteria used to determine eligibility. 5. Compensation, assessment of land and assets valuation, and resettlement assistance to be provided This includes a description of the compensation options and resettlement assistance that will be offered to the PAPs. Assessment of land and asset values will be determined by the result of an assessment result by licensed appraisers. 6. Public consultation with local community members who will lose their land and other assets 27
This include activities to (a) inform the PAPs about various impacts of the subproject, available options for compensation and resettlement assistance, and procedures to obtain compensation, and (b) provide opportunity for the PAPs to express their opinion or concerns. 7. Institutional Responsibility Brief description concerning the organizational frameworks to implement the activities of land acquisition. 8. Schedule of Implementation An implementation schedule shall be made to include all land acquisition activities, including target deadlines for compensation payments. The schedule must describe how land acquisition activities are linked to the overall sub-project’s implementation. 9. Cost and Budget Costs estimations for land acquisition are required by the sub-project. 10. Complaints Handling Procedures A workable procedure must be set up, which can be accessed by complainants for settlement of disputes arising from the land acquisition; such complaints’ mechanisms should consider the options to go to the district court as well as community-based and traditional dispute resolution mechanisms. 11. Monitoring Plan to monitor land acquisition activities and compensation payment to the PAPs. 12. Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for monitoring toward land acquisition and resettlement activity by the implementing agency.
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Appendix 3: Summary of Voluntary Land Donation Protocol In brief summary, Law No. 2/2012 and its implementing regulations specify that consultations should be carried out in the following activities: a. The land donor will receive direct benefit from the sub-project. b. The land donor is not categorized as poor. c. The land donor is the legitimate owner of such lands. d. The land donations must apply to agreed priority sub-project. e. Purpose and impacts of proposed activities on donated land must be fully explained to the donor. f. The land donations shall not cause relocation nor cause the landowner to lose their land and livelihood in a significant manner. g. The donated land is