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Second

Edition

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF WORKPLACE DIVERSITY THEORY, CASES, AND EXERCISES

Kathryn A. Canas University of Utah

Harris Sondak University of Utah

Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco r Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo

CONTENTS Preface

viii

Part I Uncovering the Complexities of Workplace Diversity 1 Chapter 1 Diversity in the Workplace: A Theoretical and Pedagogical Perspective 3 Kathryn A. Canas and Harris Sondak Diversity Management

4

Opportunities of Teaching Diversity Management 4 Challenges of Teaching Diversity Management 6 Defining Diversity 7 Society for Human Resource Management Marilyn Loden 8 Anita Rowe and Lee Gardenswartz

7

9

R. Roosevelt Thomas, Jr. 10 Myrtle P. Bell 10 David A. Thomas and Robin J. Ely Michalle E. Mor Barak 11

10

Four Principles for an Improved Definition of Diversity

11

Understanding Leadership-Based Organizational Paradigms for Managing Diversity 14 Resistance Paradigm 14 Discrimination-and-Fairness Paradigm Access-and-Legitimacy Paradigm

15

16

Integration-and-Learning Paradigm

16

Understanding the Business Case for Diversity .. The Business Case for Diversity

18

18

Assessing the Business Case for Diversity

19

Chapter 2 Diversity in the Workplace: A Legal Perspective

26

P. Corper James Administration o f t h e Law 2 7 . Amendments t o Title VII 28 The Protected Classes 28 Race 28 Hi

iv

Contents

National Origin 29 Color of Skin 30 Religion 30 Age 31 . Veterans 31 Disability 32 Sex/Gender 34 > Sexual Orientation 37 Advice for Managers 38 Have a Title VII Policy and Procedure

38

Be Clear about the "Legitimate Business Purpose" Concept Develop Objective Job Criteria 39 Do Not Retaliate 39 Advice for Employees 39

38

Follow Policies and Procedures 39 Behave Reasonably 39 A Word about Affirmative Action 40 The Future of Title VII 40

Chapter 3 Diversity Management as Systemic

44

A Systemic Approach to Managing Diversity Kathryn A. Canas Leadership Commitment 50 Communication 51 Recruitment and Retention

48

52

Incorporation of Diversity into the Main Work of Organization Linkage of Diversity Initiatives to Organizational Outcomes External Relationships 57 • CASE STUDY: Diversity as Strategy 58 David A. Thomas

Part II

Managing and Mismanaging: Case Studies on American Businesses 71

Chapter 4 Gender 73 • Obama Signs Equal-Pay Legislation 74 Sheryl Gay Stolberg y

Essay: Off-Ramps and On-Ramps: Keeping Talented Women on the Road to Success 75 Sylvia Ann Hewlett and Carolyn Buck Luce

56

55

Contents •

CASE STUDY: Augusta National Golf Club: Membership for Women or Staying the Course? 87 Ray B. Swart, Ashish K. Singh, and Andrew Nelson under the supervision of James S. O'Rourke



CASE STUDY: Mothers Work Inc.: Brand Image and Accusations of Employment Discrimination 95 Carolyn E. Billick and Lusiena H. C. Wong under the supervision of James S. O'Rourke

Chapter 5 Race and National Origin 101 •

NFL Looking to Expand Rooney Rule 102 Associated Press Essay: The Truth about Mentoring Minorities: Race Matters David A. Thomas

103

• CASE STUDY: The Classic Look of Discrimination: Abercrombie & Fitch's Struggle to Manage Diversity 109 Kathryn A. Canas and Jacob K. Sorensen • CASE STUDY: Texaco, Inc.: Racial Discrimination Suit (A) 118 Tanya Goria, DeWayne Reed, and Dan Skendzel under the supervision of James S. O'Rourke • CASE STUDY: Texaco, Inc.: Racial Discrimination Suit (B) 121 Tanya Goria, DeWayne Reed, and Dan Skendzel under the supervision of James S. O'Rourke • CASE STUDY: Denny's Restaurants: Creating a Diverse Corporate Culture (A) 133 M. Jennifer Abes, W. Brent Chism, and Thomas F. Sheeran under the supervision of James S. O'Rourke • CASE STUDY: Denny's Restaurants: Creating a Diverse Corporate Culture (B) 138 M. Jennifer Abes, W. Brent Chism, and Thomas F. Sheeran under the supervision of James S. O'Rourke

Chapter 6 Age 141 •

Many Workers Ages 50+ Downshift in New Jobs—And Love the Work 142 AARP Press Center

Essay: It's Time to Retire Retirement 143 Ken Dychtwald, Tamara Erickson, and Bob Morison • CASE STUDY: Asleep at the Wheel: Ford Motor Company's Exclusion of the Older Worker 152 Kathryn A. Canas and Harris Sondak

Chapter 7 Religion and Spirituality •

161

Religion in the Workplace Is Diversity Issue for U.S. Companies: Many Firms Seek Guidance in Accommodating Employees' Religious Practices 162 Louise Fenner

vi

Contents Essay: Taking Religion to Work C. Stone Brown •

163

.

CASE STUDY: Purity of Spirit: Tom's of Maine 172 Adapted by Kathryn A. Canas and Harris Sondak from a case written by Edmund R. Gray

Chapter 8 Sexual Orientation and Identity 183 •

LGBT Equality at the Fortune 500 184 Human Rights Campaign

Essay: Selections from Straight Talk About Gays in the Workplace: Creating an Inclusive/Productive Environment for Everyone in Your Organization 185 Liz Winfeld • CASE STUDY: The Cracker Barrel Restaurants John Howard

193

• CASE STUDY: When Steve Becomes Stephanie Loren Gary and Brian Elliot

198

Chapter 9 Disabilities 207 •

Finding the Right Way to Disclose a Disability Suzanne Robitaille

208

Essay: Counting on Workers with Disabilities 209 Susan J. Wells Essay: Selections from the Inclusive Corporation: A Disability Handbook for Business Professionals 216 Griff Hogan • CASE STUDY: In the Eye of the Perfect Storm: Creating Accessibility— IBM, GM, and CISCO 221 Kathryn A. Canas and Harris Sondak

Part III

Exercises: Developing Three Essential Skills

233

Chapter 10 Analyzing Self 235 Your Pie Chart 235 Taylor Cox and Ruby L. Beale Diversity Questionnaire William Sonnenschein

236

First Thoughts 237 Jonamay Lambert and Selma Myers Masculine and Feminine Speaking Styles Kathryn A. Canas and Harris Sondak

238

Religion and the Workplace: A Brainstorming Activity Kathryn A. Canas

240

Contents

Chapter 11 Understanding Difference

242

Analysis of Mini Diversity Management Cases 242 Carlos Eduardo de Sousa

What Constitutes Sexual Harassment? 247 Kathryn A. Canas, P. Corper James, and Harris Sondak

Religion and Spirituality: What Could be Happening Here? 248 v

Kathryn A. Canas and Harris Sondak

Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation: Counting the Costs 249 Amy J. Zuckerman and George F. Simons

The Ten Commandments of Interacting with People with Disabilities 251 Kathryn A. Canas and Harris Sondak

Cultural Diversity 253 Jonamay Lambert and Selma Myers

Chapter 12 Assessing Organizations

255

Examining Exemplary Leaders in Managing Diversity 255 Kathryn A. Canas and Harris Sondak

Analysis of Diversity Consulting Companies 257 Kathryn A. Canas and Harris Sondak

Analyzing Diversity Commitment on Company Websites 258 Kathryn A. Canas

Diversity and Sports: An Examination of the NFL, NASCAR, NHL, PGA, and NBA 259 Kathryn A. Canas and Ruslan Chaplygin

The Diversity Consulting Team

261 ,

Kathryn A. Canas and Harris Sondak

Nine Symptoms that May Indicate a Need for Diversity Training 265 Lee Gardenswartz and Anita Rowe

Managing Diversity Questionnaire 265 Lee Gardenswartz and Anita Rowe

Asking Good Questions 267 Lee Gardenswartz and Anita Rowe Index 270

vii

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