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Paediatrica Indonesiana

Indonesian Journal of Pediatrics and Perinatal Medicine Advisory Board Bambang Madiyono, Husein Alatas, I. G. N. Gde Ranuh, Iskandar Wahidiyat, Mulyono Trastotenojo, Sofyan Ismael

Business Manager Sofyan Ismael

Editor-in-Chief Sudigdo Sastroasmoro

Managing Editor Partini P. Trihono

Editors Rulina Suradi Maria Abdulsalam Budining Wirastari Asti Praborini

Aryono Hendarto Rinawati Rohsiswatmo Erwin Soenggoro Muljadi M. Djer

Associate Editors Nia Kurniati Bernie Endyarni

Nikmah Salamia Idris Amanda Soebadi

Contributing Editors Herlina Dimiati (Aceh) Muhammad Ali (Medan) Finny Fitri Yani (Padang) Ria Nova (Palembang) Darmawan Budi Setyanto (Jakarta) Heda Melinda (Bandung) Mexitalia Setiawati (Semarang)

Endy Paryanto (Yogyakarta) Aryanto Harsono (Surabaya) Siti Lintang Kawuryan (Malang) Syarifuddin Rauf (Makassar) Endang Dewi Lestari (Solo) Hesti Lestari (Manado) Ida Bagus Subanada (Bali)

International Editorial Board Robert Ouvrier (Sydney) Victor Y. H. Yu (Melbourne) Hans A Buller (Rotterdam) J. L. Wilkinson (Melbourne) Prasong Tuchinda (Bangkok)

B. J. Brabin (Liverpool) Perla D. Santos Ocampo (Manila) Mohd Sham Kasim (Kuala Lumpur) Habil B. Lombay (Hungary) Akihiro Morikawa (Tokyo)

Address: Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Indonesia Jalan Salemba 6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia Tel. 62-21-314 7342, Fax. 390 7743

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In-house style Paediatrica Indonesiana

Pengantar Buku ini dibuat untuk panduan bagi para penulis, contributing editors, serta editor Paediatrica Indonesiana. Seperti kita ketahui, setiap jurnal ilmiah mempunyai in-house style (gaya selingkung) yang harus diterapkan secara kaku dan taat-asas. Pengalaman menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar penulis tidak sepenuhnya mengikuti tata cara penulisan yang termuat dalam Instructions to Authors maupun yang dapat dilihat dalam artikel yang telah diterbitkan. Seringkali ketidaksesuaian tersebut hanya bersifat “kecil” dan mungkin diangap tidak mendasar. Namun tetap saja hal tersebut memerlukan penyesuaian atau koreksi yang harus dilakukan leh editor / staf editor sehingga memerlukan waktu yang tidak sedikit. Pembiaran terhadap variasi tersebut akan mengurangi kualitas jurnal ini. Dengan terbitnya buku ini diharapkan para contributing editors dapat memastikan bahwa artikel yang akan dikirim ke Paediatrica Indonesiana sudah dibuat sesuai dengan in-house style jurnal kita. Hal ini akan memperlancar proses editing dan penerbitan artikel, yang akan menunjang proses internasionalisasi Paediatrica Indonesiana. Buku ini dibuat untuk pemakaian intern dan tidak diperjualbelikan. Mengingat sebagian besar penulis Paediatrica Indonesiana adalah dari institusi pendidikan, maka buku ini dibagikan secara cuma-cuma kepada semua Pusat Pendidikan Dokter Spesialis Anak. Para contributing editors, yang telah mengkuti lokakarya sosialisasi buku ini, diharapkan dapat menjadi nara sumber bagi para calon penulis Paediatrica Indonesiana di institusi masingmasing. Buku ini juga dapat diakses dan diunduh oleh peminat melalui website www.paediatricaindonesiana.org. Jakarta, September 2010 Editor-in-Chief Paediatrica Indonesiana

In-house style

1. Title • Judul makalah merupakan hal yang paling awal dan paling banyak dibaca orang. Dari judul pembaca akan menentukan apakah akan membaca artikel lebih lanjut atau tidak. Dengan demikian judul harus dibuat dengan cermat; ia harus ringkas, informatif, menarik. • Judul bukan merupakan kalimat lengkap, namun lebih merupakan label. • Judul naskah PI menggunakan sentence case (huruf besar hanya untuk huruf pertama dari kata pertama, atau nama diri). • Judul tidak terlalu panjang atau pendek. Intinya: judul terbaik adalah judul yang paling pendek yang menggambarkan isi utama penelitian. Meskipun sulit ditentukan jumlah maksimum kata, namun usahakan tidak lebih dari 24 kata. Untuk membuat judul yang ringkas, kata-kata berikut dihilangkan: o A study of o Investigation of ...... o Observation on o The ..., A...., An...... • Judul tidak menggunakan singkatan atau akronim kecuali yang baku. • Tempat dan waktu penelitian tidak perlu disertakan dalam Judul kecuali bila penelitian khas untuk waktu dan tempat tersebut. • Judul tidak menggunakan kalimat tanya. • Dianjurkan untuk tidak menyebutkan hasil utama penelitian sebagai judul. • Penyertaan desain penelitian, bila sesuai, dapat dilakukan dalam judul. • Hindarkan pernyataan yang berlebihan, seperti: A prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial. (Tidak ada uji klinis yang tidak prospektif, tidak ada plasebo yang tidak double blind); jadi cukup: A randomized double blind clinical trial.)

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Paediatr Indones, In-house style 2010 • 1

In-house style

Judul yang salah / tidak dianjurkan Judul terlalu panjang: Control study of comparative efficacy of isoniazid, streptomycin-isoniazid, and streptomycin-para-amninosalycilic acid in pulmonary tuberculosis therapy. III. Repart on twenty-eight-week observations on 649 patients with streptomycin-susceptible infection Am Rev Tuberc. 1953;67:539-543. [Komentar: terlalu panjang dan rinci, mirip sinopsis]. Judul terlalu pendek: Antibiotics in neonatal sepsis. [Komentar: terlalu pendek dan terlalu umum, lebih merupakan judul tinjauan pustaka ketimbang judul penelitian]. Judul yang secara tidak perlu mencantumkan nama tempat dan waktu penelitian Effect of the use of oral iron chelating agent in patients with beta-thalassemia at the Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, 2008. [Komentar: Efek obat khelasi tersebut tidak hanya berlaku di RSCM dan pada tahun 2008 saja, jadi tempat dan waktu tidak perlu dicantumkan]. Judul berupa “kalimat tanya” Can antibiotic decrease length of hospital stay in children with measles pneumonia? [Komentar: Kalimat tanya dapat digunakan untuk rubrik editorial atau opini, bukan laporan hasil penelitian]. Judul berupa hasil utama penelitian

Routine antibiotic use for acute otitis media is useless. [Komentar: Judul berupa hasil utama penelitian dibenarkan di beberapa jurnal; untuk PI pada umumnya tidak].

2 • Paediatr Indones, In-house style 2010

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In-house style

Judul yang benar / dianjurkan Judul yang secara benar mencantumkan nama tempat dan waktu penelitian • Five-year experience of bone marrow transplantation for patients with acute

lymphoblastic leukemia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 2002-2006. [Komentar: pengalaman tersebut khas di RSCM antara tahun 2002-2006, tidak berlaku di tempat atau kurun waktu lain.] Contoh judul laporan penelitian yang baik • Effect of antiseptic handwashing vs alcohol sanitizer on health care-associated

infections in neonatal intensive care units. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159:502-3. • Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: systematic review and

meta­analysis. bmj.com 2002;324:1361 • Effect of moderate diet-induced weight loss and weight regain on cardiovascular

structure and function. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009; 54:2376-81. • Chagas disease as a cause of symptomatic chronic myocardopathy in Mexican

children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:1011-3. • Amethocaine versus EMLA for successful intravenous cannulation in a children’s

emergency department: a randomised controlled study. Emerg Med J 2009;26:487-91. • Comparison of results and complications of surgical and Amplatzer device

closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects. Cardiology 2001;120:28-31. • Bicycle helmet use among schoolchildren—the influence of parental involvement

and children’s attitudes. Inj Prev. 2001;7:218-222 Catatan. Untuk penulisan judul, Paediatrica Indonesiana tidak menggunakan title case (huruf awal setiap kata ditulis dengan kapital), melainkan menggunakan sentence case (huruf kapital hanya digunakan pada awal judul, sedangkan selebihnya digunakan huruf kecil (lowercase), kecuali untuk nama diri (proper names). Penulisan dengan “title case” – tidak digunakan dalam Paediatrica Indonesiana • Kangaroo Mother Versus Traditional Care for Newborn Infants Less than or Equal to 2000 Grams: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Penulisan dengan “sentence case” – digunakan oleh Paediatrica Indonesiana • Kangaroo mother versus traditional care for newborn infants less than or equal to 2000 grams: a randomised controlled trial.

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Paediatr Indones, In-house style 2010 • 3

In-house style

2. Authors & Correspondence Nama pengarang dituliskan tanpa gelar / titel apa pun. • Penulisan nama pengarang dimulai dengan nama pertama (lengkap), diikuti dengan nama tengah (jika ada, boleh lengkap atau inisial) dan nama keluarga (lengkap). • Bila tidak ada nama keluarga, maka nama akhir yang dianggap sebagai nama keluarga. • Jika pengarang berasal lebih dari satu institusi, berikan nomor (superskrip) di belakang nama tiap pengarang. • Tuliskan nama institusi (Departemen, Fakultas, Universitas / Rumah Sakit) dengan lengkap dan jelas. Untuk keseragaman, nama bagian / departemen disebut Department, untuk nama sub-bagian atau divisi disebut sebagai Division. • Alamat surat menyurat ditulis seperti berikut: ‘‘Reprint requests to:……’ dengan alamat kantor, telepon kantor, nomor faksimile, dan alamat e-mail.

4 • Paediatr Indones, In-house style 2010

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Contoh penulisan nama pengarang dari institusi yang sama: • Syukur Pribadi, Marulam T. Panggabean, Soenarto, Sri Endah Sulistyowati, I G. N. Made Sanjaya o From the Department of Child Health, Medical School, Mulawarman University, Jakarta, Indonesia. o Reprint request to: Syukur Pribadi, MD, Department of Child Health, Medical School, Mulawarman University, Jalan Mulawarman no. 34-38, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. Tel +62-2189898989, Fax +62-21-89898988, email: s_pribadi@indonet. com.

Contoh penulisan nama pengarang dari institusi yang berbeda: • Miranda Francisca Situmeang1, Nanda Syavitri2, Rukmana Sulanjana3, Wibisono4 o From the Departments of Child Health1 and Surgery2, Medical School, and School of Public Health3, Mulawarman University, Jakarta, Indonesia, and Helix Laboratories4, Jakarta, Indonesia. o Reprint request to: Miranda F. Situmeang, Department of Child Health, Medical School, Mulawarman University, Jalan Mulawarman no. 34-38, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. Tel +62-2189898989, Fax +62-21-89898988, email: situmeang0409@ indonet.com

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Paediatr Indones, In-house style 2010 • 5

In-house style

3. Abstract & keywords • Abstrak merupakan bagian kedua yang paling banyak dibaca setelah judul karangan. Dalam abstrak harus tergambar keseluruhan isi karangan, dari pendahuluan sampai simpulan. • Paediatrica Indonesiana menggunakan abstrak terstruktur (structured abstract) dengan subjudul, mulai dengan Objective, Methods, Results, Conclusions. • Abstrak tidak lebih dari 250 kata (gunakan word count – pada program komputer), dan tidak memuat singkatan atau akronim yang tidak standar. • Abstrak harus informatif; termasuk jangan hanya memaparkan nilai P untuk menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna, namun harus disertakan berapa beda atau korelasi yang ada. Contoh Results dalam abstrak berikut tidak dapat dibenarkan: Results. There were 220 patients completed the sudy, 112 in the treament group and 108 in placebo group. There was a significant difference between the treatment group and placebo group terms of number of visits (P = 0.03), proportion of cured (P = 0.034), but there was no significant difference in total cholesterol level (P = 0.076). [Komentar: harus disebutkan berapa beda klinis (lebih baik dengan interval kepercayaannya) dan tidak boleh hanya nilai P saja.] Seharusnya dituliskan sebagai berikut: Results. There were 220 patients completed the sudy, 112 in the treament group and 108 in placebo group. There was a significant difference between the treatment group and placebo group terms of number of visits (mean difference 4.6 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval 2.1 to 7.1 mg/dL, P = 0.03), proportion of cured (risk reduction 16%, 95% confidence interval 7 to 25%, P = 0.027), but there was no significant difference in total cholesterol levels (mean difference 6 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval -2 to 14 mg/dL, P = 0.096). • Kata kunci: Terdiri atas 3-8 kata atau terminologi yang berdasarkan MeSH (Medical Subject Heading).

6 • Paediatr Indones, In-house style 2010

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In-house style

Contoh - Abstract Increased pulmonary arterial pressure in children with nephrotic syndrome Arch Dis Child. 2004;89:866-870 Aims: To evaluate pulmonary arterial pressure in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS). Methods: Doppler echocardiography was performed in 40 children with NS (aged 1.5– 13 years) at NS onset (n = 28) or relapse (n = 12), and 40 normal controls. Pulmonary pressure was estimated by: (1) measuring the systolic transtricuspid gradient from tricuspid regurgitation; and (2) measuring the time to peak velocity of pulmonary flow. Results: Thirty five of the 40 patients with NS had measurable tricuspid regurgitation with a pulmonary systolic pressure ranging from 21 to 48 mm Hg. Pulmonary systolic pressure was >40 mm Hg in seven patients. The pulmonary time to peak velocity was shortened and the ratio of time to peak velocity and right ventricular ejection time decreased compared with controls. The patients with increased pulmonary pressure had a longer time since onset of NS. One patient developed thrombus in the inferior vena cava during hospitalisation. Conclusion: Pulmonary arterial pressure was increased in children with NS. Further work is needed to evaluate the aetiology and clinical implications of this abnormality. Keywords: nephrotic syndrome; hypertension; pulmonary; Doppler echocardiography

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Paediatr Indones, In-house style 2010 • 7

In-house style

Contoh - Abstract Amethocaine versus EMLA for successful intravenous cannulation in a children’s emergency department: a randomised controlled study Emerg Med J. 2009;26:487-491

Background: Topical anaesthetics reduce the pain of venous cannulation. The emergency department at the Starship Children’s Hospital in Auckland uses EMLA (an eutectic mixture of 25 mg/g lidocaine and 25 mg/g prilocaine) for topical anaesthesia. Amethocaine has recently been shown to be a more effective topical anaesthetic. It is suggested that, because amethocaine does not vasoconstrict veins, it may increase the success of cannulation. Aim: The primary aim was to determine if amethocaine improves the success of cannulation compared with EMLA. The secondary aim was to determine if amethocaine is a more effective topical anaesthetic in a children’s emergency department. Methods: A parallel, randomised, double-blind controlled study was performed in children aged 3 months to 15 years who were offered topical anaesthesia for venous cannulation. Caregivers gave verbal consent at triage, followed by written consent. Children were randomised into amethocaine or EMLA groups. Those who went on to have an intravenous cannula were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The primary outcome was a successful first attempt at cannulation. A convenience cohort was also observed for distress using a visual analogue scale and the Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability Score. Results: From November 2006 to June 2007, 2837 children were enrolled and 809 were known to have had intravenous cannulation. 679 complete data and consent forms were returned. There was no significant difference between the first attempt success rates (75.8% amethocaine vs 73.9% EMLA) or between pain scores for the 65 observed cannulations. Conclusion: Amethocaine is not more successful than EMLA for first attempt intravenous cannulation in a children’s emergency department.

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Contoh - Abstract Effects of iron supplementation and anthelmintic treatment on motor and language development of preschool children in Zanzibar BMJ 2001;323:1389-1393

Objective: To measure the effects of iron supplementation and anthelmintic treatment on iron status, anaemia, growth, morbidity, and development of children aged 6-59 months. Design: Double blind, placebo controlled randomised factorial trial of iron & anthelmintic treatment. Main outcome measures: Development of language and motor skills assessed by parental interview before and after treatment in age appropriate subgroups. Results: Before intervention, anaemia was prevalent, and geohelminth infections were prevalent and light Plasmodium falciparum infection was nearly universal. Iron supplementation significantly improved iron status, but not haemoglobin status. Iron supplementation improved language development by 0.8 (95% confidence interval 0.2 to 1.4) points on the 20 point scale, and also improved motor development, but this effect was modified by baseline haemoglobin concentrations (P=0.015 for interaction term) and was apparent only in children with baseline haemoglobin concentrations

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