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Seminários de Sistemas Inteligentes, Interacção e Multimédia 2013/14
Pedestrian Simulation João Emílio Almeida
[email protected]
Sumário simulação pedonal contexto e aplicação Exemplos abordagem metodológica: - Modelos, aquisição comportamental, jogos sérios - plataforma de modelação e simulação objectivo final: mSPEED!
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Work as Fire Safety Engineer •
Portfolio: some of my projects as Fire Safety Engineer Designer
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Fire: most dangerous hazard in buildings Year 1888 1903 1908 1972
Hospital Teatro Baquet Iroquois theatre Rhoads Opera Andraus building
Location Porto Chicago, USA USA S.Paulo, Brazil
1974
Joelma building
S.Paulo, Brazil
1980
MGM Hotel
Las Vegas, USA
1988
Chiado
Lisbon, Portugal
2001
World Trade Center
New York, USA
2003
The Station nightclub Rhode Island, USA
100 dead
2013
Kiss discotheque
230 dead; 160 injured
Brazil
Victims 120 dead 600 dead 170 dead 16 dead 336 injured 179 dead; 320 injured 85 dead; 770 injured 2 dead; 70 injured 2,749 dead
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The Station, Rhode Island, USA 2003 Kiss Nightclub / Discotheque, Brazil 2013
Fire kills! The Station Nightclub (2003): +100 dead http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=dw6gZupZiuY&feature=endscreen
Kiss Nightclub / Discotheque (Jan 2013) – Santa Catarina Brazil +230 dead; +160 injured
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Pedestrian Behaviour: normal & emergency Anti-social behaviour (crowded areas, safety/security issues, panic)
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Pedestrian Behaviour Group and crowd behaviour
Halloween Party, Madrid Arena, Out 31st / Nov 1st 2012 Panic (Stampede): 5 women died crushed Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=O4bMcjWx2nc&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-5nlaqtFAU&NR=1&feature=endscreen
News http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/9648366/Three-women-killed-inMadrid-Halloween-party-stampede.html http://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/01/world/europe/spain-halloween-stampede/index.html
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Emergency situations
Location
Windsor Tower - Madrid, Spain
Date:
12 February 2005
Description: Fire started on the 21st floor Lasted through 18 ~ 20 hours
Training for emergency Casa da Música, Porto
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Pedestrian Simulation There are three main reasons for developing computer simulation for pedestrian behaviours: first to test scientific theories and hypotheses; second, to test design strategies; third, to create phenomena about which to theorize
(Pan, Han, Dauber, & Law, 2007).
Pedestrian Simulation Applications and scope
• Traffic: vehicles vs. pedestrians • Urban Planning: indoor vs outdoor • Games / Movies: Artificial Societies • Emergency / Safety / Security
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Basic Concepts: Vehicles vs. Pedestrians SimWalk, 2011
Yeh, Curtis, Patil et al., 2008
Basic Concepts: Urban Planning
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Basic Concepts: an introduction Pedestrian Studies: a classification
Pedestrian Studies (Teknomo, 2002)
Simulação pedonal
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Simuladores Pedonais
servem para: - projectos novos - investigação - planos emergência - treino e formação
Problemas dos Simuladores Pedonais
não permitem treino de pessoas sem interacção ou imersão faltam dados para validação e calibração
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Pedestrian Modelling Behavioural models: a hierarchy of agent behaviour
Hierarchy of agent behaviour (Pan et al., 2007)
Individual behaviour model (Pan et al., 2007)
Pedestrian Modelling The more common representation models:
Illustration of the three more common representation models (Castle, 2007)
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Pedestrian Modelling
Building’s geometry models Cellular automata (GRID)
(Castle, 2007)
Continous space
(Pan et al., 2007)
Pedestrian Modelling Cellular Automata models (microscopic models)
Illustration of the three more common representation models (Castle, 2007)
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Pedestrian Modelling Continuous Space / Spatial Behavioural models (macro / microscopic models)
Visual sensors using the ray tracing method (Pan et al., 2007)
Pedestrian Simulation Models of escape, egress and panic behaviour: Magnetic Forces Model (MFM) - Okazaki & Matsushita 1993
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Pedestrian Simulation Models of escape, egress and panic behaviour: Social Forces Model (SFM) Helbing & Molnar 1995
Types of Behaviour Xiaoshan Pan, Charles S. Han, Ken Dauber, Kincho H. Law
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Pedestrian Modelling: data collection Using video to capture pedestrian models
PeTrack, Hermes Project (BMBF, GermanyTeknomo, 2002)
Behaviour in emergency situations E.Cordeiro, Coelho studies (U.Coimbra):
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Evacuation Simulators
Yeh, Curtis, Patil et al., 2008
Exodus, 2003
ModP - Aguiar, 2010 29
Pedestrian Simulation Existing models STEPS • All-purpose • + 20 develop. • the Mott MacDonald’s Group • examples: •London Heathrow Terminal 5 •Minneapolis Light Rail Transit, USA; •Rotterdam Metro, The Netherlands; •Delhi metro, India; •KCRC Shatin-Central Link, Hong Kong; •Luton Network Rail station, UK;
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Pedestrian Simulation Existing models:
SimWalk • Free, • Pro • Transport • Airport
Pedestrian Simulation Existing models Legion
• All-purpose • examples: •London Underground; •Luton Airport (London); •New York's 34th Street Pennsylvania Station •Olympic Stadiums in Athens, Greece, Sidney and Beijing
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Pedestrian Simulation Pathfinder (newest evacuation simulator, 2012)
Scenario editor based on AutoCAD architectural files
Pedestrian Simulation Pathfinder (newest evacuation simulator, 2012) Multi-Floor
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Pedestrian Simulation Pathfinder Profile editor: • gender • age • cinematic & physics • CG • behaviour •…
Pedestrian Simulation Pathfinder High definition Computer Graphics
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Evacuation Simulators Exodus Developed by the Fire Safety Engineering Group at the University of Greenwich since 1993, EXODUS comprises a suite of software packages, tailored to the building, maritime and aircraft environments. A rail version of the EXODUS software is currently under development.
Evacuation Simulators FDS+EVAC Building and Fire Research Lab (BRFL) at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
FDS=Fire Dynamic Simulator Smokeview=3D visualization SW for FDS
VTT (Finland): VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland is the biggest multitechnologic al applied research organisation in Northern Europe. EVAC=Agent-Based Egress Simulator for FDS
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Simulador Pedonal - LIACC ModP – ver. 1.0 2009/10 (Esteves 2009, Aguiar 2010)
• LIACC • OpenSteer + C++
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Basic Concepts: Artificial Societies Second Life, The Sims
Research Questions Is it possible to mix virtual agents (as traditionally approached in pedestrian simulation) with avatars controlled by one or more human subjects?
Would the human-in-the-loop simulation concept allow us to synthesise behaviour, so that we could improve the behavioural representation of traditional virtual agents?
Can short-term repeated strategies result in assimilated long-term reactive behaviour of humans?
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Goals
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• Identify related work, research background, scientific and technological challenges of the areas of study
• Specify and implement an experimental prototype for crowd simulation using serious games
• Devise and implement means for social behaviour elicitation, validation and assimilation
• Specify real-life scenarios, model and validate simulation experiments
mSPEED: modelo de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências Dinâmico (modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics)
Virtual Ag .1 …
Human 1
Virtual Ag .”n” … Human “n”
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mSPEED: modelo Dinâmico de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências (modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics)
Virtual Ag .1 …
Human 1 …
Virtual Ag .”n” Human “n”
Methodology Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) HITL: A model that requires human interaction (DoD M&S Glossary, 1998, USA) Simulations where the human might influence the outcome in such a way that it is difficult to reproduce exactly. Virtual Ag .1
…
Human 1 …
Virtual Ag .”n” Human “n”
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mSPEED:
Goals:
modelling and Simulation of Pedestrian Emergency Evacuation Dynamics
1) 2) 3)
To implement Virtual Fire Drills To train occupants & emergency responders To test building exits
Solution:
Serious Games!
Data acquired: behavioural analysis Human behaviour elicitation PDA: Peer Designed Agents
Goal: mSPEED!
State of the art Inspirational work: TANG Fangqin, REN Aizhu (2008) Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing
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Methodology Preliminary solution design: AutoCAD Blueprints
2D/3D Scenario Editor / Visualizer
Building Geometry FDS 5
Questionnaires Fire / Smoke Temperatures
PyroSIM PORDATA
FDS 5 BlenderFDS
Kuligowski Studies
Simulator Engine
AutoCAD2FDS
Helbing Studies
Other Importer Ag.1
Avatar1
Ag.2
Avatar2
Ag.n 2D/3D Visualization
Crowd Behaviour
Avatar n
Serious Games Concept
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Serious Games Origins: Military used to call “war games” in order to train strategic skills (Kriegsspiel, Prussian Army game, von Reisswitz, 1824)
"Serious Games: Games That Educate, Train, and Inform" by David Michael,Sande Chen (Thompson Course Technology, 2005)
Applications: Medicine (Oral health, Speech, therapy, …) Education (Maths, Geography, Physics…) Military Industry
Uses: Training Education …
Serious Games
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Serious Games •
Benefits might include:
(Freitas, 2006)
• Motivation • Higher completion rates • New learners • Collaborative activities • Learn through doing • Acquiring experience
Unity 3D •
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•
• •
COTS – Commercial Off-TheShelf Powerful graphical interface Programming: • Javascript, C#, Boo Rapid Prototyping Simple Deployment • Multiple platforms • (Win, Mac, Smartphones & tablets...)
• Web
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ModP 3D – v 2.0 2011/12
mSPEED: Modelo Dinâmico de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências (modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics)
Jogos Sérios (ou Serious Games) - treino - educar - informar - investigar
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mSPEED: Modelo Dinâmico de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências (modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics)
projecto para aquisição de dados comportamentais usando jogos sérios e aplicação num modelo de simulação pedonal, dinâmico, para situações de emergência
mSPEED: Modelo Dinâmico de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências
Abordagem metodológica: 1. modelos de referência e métricas de validação 2. aquisição comportamental 3. jogos sérios 4. prospeção comportamental 5. ambiente integrado para M&S
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mSPEED: Modelo Dinâmico de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências (modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics)
simulação baseada em agentes (ABMS): - agente entidade autónoma percepciona o ambiente (sensores) actua no ambiente (actuadores) raciocínio -> tomada de decisão comunicação -> interagir com outros agentes
Modelação e Simulação do Comportamento Humano na Evacuação de Edifícios Aquisição de dados usando RFID(UWB -Ubisense)
Vasconcelos, G., Petry, M., Almeida, J. E., Rossetti, R. J. F., & Coelho, A. L. (2012). Using UWB for Human Trajectory Extraction. 24th European Modeling & Simulation Symposium EMSS 2012. Vienna, Austria
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Pedestrian Simulation: using RIFD
Pedestrian Simulation: using RIFD
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Aquisição de dados usando RFID (UWB -Ubisense)
NetLogo Implementation of an Evacuation Scenario
4th WISA 2012 Workshop on Intelligent Systems and Applications Madrid, June 2012 João Emílio Almeida Zafeiris Kokkinogenis Rosaldo J. F. Rossetti
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NetLogo implementation Parameters defined by the user for the evaluation of the what-if scenarios o o o
Number of occupants Number of exits Width of each exit
NetLogo implementation Metrics and Outputs o o o
People/exit ratio Evacuation time Plots (exit evolution)
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mSPEED: modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics
2D architecture fi
Revit Blender
Executable
Unity3D SG
Web
3D model
sounds Features (fire, smoke, controls sounds, characters NPC)
EVA – EVAcuation Simulator
Scenario customization
(José Fernando Silva, 2012/13)
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EVA – EVAcuation Simulator
(José Fernando Silva, 2012/13)
EVA – EVAcuation Simulator
(José Fernando Silva, 2012/13)
PDA – Peer Designed Agents
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Objectivo: mSPEED! Modelo Dinâmico de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências (modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics)
Propostas de trabalho • • • • • •
Netlogo Unity3D Melhorias no jogo Gamification PDA …
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Seminários de Sistemas Inteligentes, Interacção e Multimédia 2013/14
Pedestrian Simulation OBRIGADO! João Emílio Almeida
[email protected]
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