Pedestrian Simulation [PDF]

29 Oct 2013 - [email protected]. Sumário simulação pedonal contexto e aplicação. Exemplos abordagem metodológ

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29-10-2013

Seminários de Sistemas Inteligentes, Interacção e Multimédia 2013/14

Pedestrian Simulation João Emílio Almeida [email protected]

Sumário simulação pedonal contexto e aplicação Exemplos abordagem metodológica: - Modelos, aquisição comportamental, jogos sérios - plataforma de modelação e simulação objectivo final: mSPEED!

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Work as Fire Safety Engineer •

Portfolio: some of my projects as Fire Safety Engineer Designer

3 of 30

Fire: most dangerous hazard in buildings Year 1888 1903 1908 1972

Hospital Teatro Baquet Iroquois theatre Rhoads Opera Andraus building

Location Porto Chicago, USA USA S.Paulo, Brazil

1974

Joelma building

S.Paulo, Brazil

1980

MGM Hotel

Las Vegas, USA

1988

Chiado

Lisbon, Portugal

2001

World Trade Center

New York, USA

2003

The Station nightclub Rhode Island, USA

100 dead

2013

Kiss discotheque

230 dead; 160 injured

Brazil

Victims 120 dead 600 dead 170 dead 16 dead 336 injured 179 dead; 320 injured 85 dead; 770 injured 2 dead; 70 injured 2,749 dead

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The Station, Rhode Island, USA 2003 Kiss Nightclub / Discotheque, Brazil 2013

Fire kills! The Station Nightclub (2003): +100 dead http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=dw6gZupZiuY&feature=endscreen

Kiss Nightclub / Discotheque (Jan 2013) – Santa Catarina Brazil +230 dead; +160 injured

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Pedestrian Behaviour: normal & emergency Anti-social behaviour (crowded areas, safety/security issues, panic)

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Pedestrian Behaviour Group and crowd behaviour

Halloween Party, Madrid Arena, Out 31st / Nov 1st 2012 Panic (Stampede): 5 women died crushed Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=O4bMcjWx2nc&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-5nlaqtFAU&NR=1&feature=endscreen

News http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/9648366/Three-women-killed-inMadrid-Halloween-party-stampede.html http://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/01/world/europe/spain-halloween-stampede/index.html

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Emergency situations

Location

Windsor Tower - Madrid, Spain

Date:

12 February 2005

Description: Fire started on the 21st floor Lasted through 18 ~ 20 hours

Training for emergency Casa da Música, Porto

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Pedestrian Simulation There are three main reasons for developing computer simulation for pedestrian behaviours: first to test scientific theories and hypotheses; second, to test design strategies; third, to create phenomena about which to theorize

(Pan, Han, Dauber, & Law, 2007).

Pedestrian Simulation Applications and scope

• Traffic: vehicles vs. pedestrians • Urban Planning: indoor vs outdoor • Games / Movies: Artificial Societies • Emergency / Safety / Security

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Basic Concepts: Vehicles vs. Pedestrians SimWalk, 2011

Yeh, Curtis, Patil et al., 2008

Basic Concepts: Urban Planning

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Basic Concepts: an introduction Pedestrian Studies: a classification

Pedestrian Studies (Teknomo, 2002)

Simulação pedonal

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Simuladores Pedonais

servem para: - projectos novos - investigação - planos emergência - treino e formação

Problemas dos Simuladores Pedonais

não permitem treino de pessoas sem interacção ou imersão faltam dados para validação e calibração

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Pedestrian Modelling Behavioural models: a hierarchy of agent behaviour

Hierarchy of agent behaviour (Pan et al., 2007)

Individual behaviour model (Pan et al., 2007)

Pedestrian Modelling The more common representation models:

Illustration of the three more common representation models (Castle, 2007)

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Pedestrian Modelling

Building’s geometry models Cellular automata (GRID)

(Castle, 2007)

Continous space

(Pan et al., 2007)

Pedestrian Modelling Cellular Automata models (microscopic models)

Illustration of the three more common representation models (Castle, 2007)

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Pedestrian Modelling Continuous Space / Spatial Behavioural models (macro / microscopic models)

Visual sensors using the ray tracing method (Pan et al., 2007)

Pedestrian Simulation Models of escape, egress and panic behaviour: Magnetic Forces Model (MFM) - Okazaki & Matsushita 1993

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Pedestrian Simulation Models of escape, egress and panic behaviour: Social Forces Model (SFM) Helbing & Molnar 1995

Types of Behaviour Xiaoshan Pan, Charles S. Han, Ken Dauber, Kincho H. Law

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Pedestrian Modelling: data collection Using video to capture pedestrian models

PeTrack, Hermes Project (BMBF, GermanyTeknomo, 2002)

Behaviour in emergency situations E.Cordeiro, Coelho studies (U.Coimbra):

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Evacuation Simulators

Yeh, Curtis, Patil et al., 2008

Exodus, 2003

ModP - Aguiar, 2010 29

Pedestrian Simulation Existing models STEPS • All-purpose • + 20 develop. • the Mott MacDonald’s Group • examples: •London Heathrow Terminal 5 •Minneapolis Light Rail Transit, USA; •Rotterdam Metro, The Netherlands; •Delhi metro, India; •KCRC Shatin-Central Link, Hong Kong; •Luton Network Rail station, UK;

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Pedestrian Simulation Existing models:

SimWalk • Free, • Pro • Transport • Airport

Pedestrian Simulation Existing models Legion

• All-purpose • examples: •London Underground; •Luton Airport (London); •New York's 34th Street Pennsylvania Station •Olympic Stadiums in Athens, Greece, Sidney and Beijing

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Pedestrian Simulation Pathfinder (newest evacuation simulator, 2012)

Scenario editor based on AutoCAD architectural files

Pedestrian Simulation Pathfinder (newest evacuation simulator, 2012) Multi-Floor

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Pedestrian Simulation Pathfinder Profile editor: • gender • age • cinematic & physics • CG • behaviour •…

Pedestrian Simulation Pathfinder High definition Computer Graphics

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Evacuation Simulators Exodus Developed by the Fire Safety Engineering Group at the University of Greenwich since 1993, EXODUS comprises a suite of software packages, tailored to the building, maritime and aircraft environments. A rail version of the EXODUS software is currently under development.

Evacuation Simulators FDS+EVAC Building and Fire Research Lab (BRFL) at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA

FDS=Fire Dynamic Simulator Smokeview=3D visualization SW for FDS

VTT (Finland): VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland is the biggest multitechnologic al applied research organisation in Northern Europe. EVAC=Agent-Based Egress Simulator for FDS

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Simulador Pedonal - LIACC ModP – ver. 1.0 2009/10 (Esteves 2009, Aguiar 2010)

• LIACC • OpenSteer + C++

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Basic Concepts: Artificial Societies Second Life, The Sims

Research Questions Is it possible to mix virtual agents (as traditionally approached in pedestrian simulation) with avatars controlled by one or more human subjects?

Would the human-in-the-loop simulation concept allow us to synthesise behaviour, so that we could improve the behavioural representation of traditional virtual agents?

Can short-term repeated strategies result in assimilated long-term reactive behaviour of humans?

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Goals

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2

3

4

• Identify related work, research background, scientific and technological challenges of the areas of study

• Specify and implement an experimental prototype for crowd simulation using serious games

• Devise and implement means for social behaviour elicitation, validation and assimilation

• Specify real-life scenarios, model and validate simulation experiments

mSPEED: modelo de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências Dinâmico (modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics)

Virtual Ag .1 …

Human 1

Virtual Ag .”n” … Human “n”

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mSPEED: modelo Dinâmico de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências (modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics)

Virtual Ag .1 …

Human 1 …

Virtual Ag .”n” Human “n”

Methodology Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) HITL: A model that requires human interaction (DoD M&S Glossary, 1998, USA) Simulations where the human might influence the outcome in such a way that it is difficult to reproduce exactly. Virtual Ag .1



Human 1 …

Virtual Ag .”n” Human “n”

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mSPEED:

Goals:

modelling and Simulation of Pedestrian Emergency Evacuation Dynamics

1) 2) 3)

To implement Virtual Fire Drills To train occupants & emergency responders To test building exits

Solution:

Serious Games!

Data acquired: behavioural analysis Human behaviour elicitation PDA: Peer Designed Agents

Goal: mSPEED!

State of the art Inspirational work: TANG Fangqin, REN Aizhu (2008) Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing

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Methodology Preliminary solution design: AutoCAD Blueprints

2D/3D Scenario Editor / Visualizer

Building Geometry FDS 5

Questionnaires Fire / Smoke Temperatures

PyroSIM PORDATA

FDS 5 BlenderFDS

Kuligowski Studies

Simulator Engine

AutoCAD2FDS

Helbing Studies

Other Importer Ag.1

Avatar1

Ag.2

Avatar2

Ag.n 2D/3D Visualization

Crowd Behaviour

Avatar n

Serious Games Concept

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Serious Games Origins: Military used to call “war games” in order to train strategic skills (Kriegsspiel, Prussian Army game, von Reisswitz, 1824)

"Serious Games: Games That Educate, Train, and Inform" by David Michael,Sande Chen (Thompson Course Technology, 2005)

Applications: Medicine (Oral health, Speech, therapy, …) Education (Maths, Geography, Physics…) Military Industry

Uses: Training Education …

Serious Games

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Serious Games •

Benefits might include:

(Freitas, 2006)

• Motivation • Higher completion rates • New learners • Collaborative activities • Learn through doing • Acquiring experience

Unity 3D •





• •

COTS – Commercial Off-TheShelf Powerful graphical interface Programming: • Javascript, C#, Boo Rapid Prototyping Simple Deployment • Multiple platforms • (Win, Mac, Smartphones & tablets...)

• Web

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ModP 3D – v 2.0 2011/12

mSPEED: Modelo Dinâmico de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências (modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics)

Jogos Sérios (ou Serious Games) - treino - educar - informar - investigar

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mSPEED: Modelo Dinâmico de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências (modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics)

projecto para aquisição de dados comportamentais usando jogos sérios e aplicação num modelo de simulação pedonal, dinâmico, para situações de emergência

mSPEED: Modelo Dinâmico de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências

Abordagem metodológica: 1. modelos de referência e métricas de validação 2. aquisição comportamental 3. jogos sérios 4. prospeção comportamental 5. ambiente integrado para M&S

1 5

2 4

3

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mSPEED: Modelo Dinâmico de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências (modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics)

simulação baseada em agentes (ABMS): - agente entidade autónoma percepciona o ambiente (sensores) actua no ambiente (actuadores) raciocínio -> tomada de decisão comunicação -> interagir com outros agentes

Modelação e Simulação do Comportamento Humano na Evacuação de Edifícios Aquisição de dados usando RFID(UWB -Ubisense)

Vasconcelos, G., Petry, M., Almeida, J. E., Rossetti, R. J. F., & Coelho, A. L. (2012). Using UWB for Human Trajectory Extraction. 24th European Modeling & Simulation Symposium EMSS 2012. Vienna, Austria

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Pedestrian Simulation: using RIFD

Pedestrian Simulation: using RIFD

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Aquisição de dados usando RFID (UWB -Ubisense)

NetLogo Implementation of an Evacuation Scenario

4th WISA 2012 Workshop on Intelligent Systems and Applications Madrid, June 2012 João Emílio Almeida Zafeiris Kokkinogenis Rosaldo J. F. Rossetti

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NetLogo implementation Parameters defined by the user for the evaluation of the what-if scenarios o o o

Number of occupants Number of exits Width of each exit

NetLogo implementation Metrics and Outputs o o o

People/exit ratio Evacuation time Plots (exit evolution)

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mSPEED: modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics

2D architecture fi

Revit Blender

Executable

Unity3D SG

Web

3D model

sounds Features (fire, smoke, controls sounds, characters NPC)

EVA – EVAcuation Simulator

Scenario customization

(José Fernando Silva, 2012/13)

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EVA – EVAcuation Simulator

(José Fernando Silva, 2012/13)

EVA – EVAcuation Simulator

(José Fernando Silva, 2012/13)

PDA – Peer Designed Agents

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Objectivo: mSPEED! Modelo Dinâmico de Simulação Pedonal Em Emergências (modelling and Simulation of Emergency Evacuation Dynamics)

Propostas de trabalho • • • • • •

Netlogo Unity3D Melhorias no jogo Gamification PDA …

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Seminários de Sistemas Inteligentes, Interacção e Multimédia 2013/14

Pedestrian Simulation OBRIGADO! João Emílio Almeida [email protected]

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