phthalate ester database references - Consumer Product Safety [PDF]

PHTHALATE ESTER DATABASE REFERENCES

REFERENCES ADDED IN 2009 .............................................................................................................. 1 PHTHALATE ESTER DATABASE REFERENCES (AS OF JUNE 2008) ....................................................... 8 A................................................................................................................................................. 8 B ............................................................................................................................................... 10 C ............................................................................................................................................... 13 D............................................................................................................................................... 17 E ............................................................................................................................................... 19 F ............................................................................................................................................... 20 G............................................................................................................................................... 22 H............................................................................................................................................... 25 I ................................................................................................................................................ 27 J ................................................................................................................................................ 28 K............................................................................................................................................... 30 L ............................................................................................................................................... 34 M .............................................................................................................................................. 35 N............................................................................................................................................... 39 O............................................................................................................................................... 40 P ............................................................................................................................................... 41 R ............................................................................................................................................... 44 S ............................................................................................................................................... 46 T ............................................................................................................................................... 50 U............................................................................................................................................... 52 V............................................................................................................................................... 53 W .............................................................................................................................................. 55 X............................................................................................................................................... 58 Y............................................................................................................................................... 58 Z ............................................................................................................................................... 59

Phthalate Ester Database References

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REFERENCES ADDED IN 2009 Adibi, J.J., R. Hauser, P.L. Williams, R.M. Whyatt, A.M. Calafat, H. Nelson, R. Herrick, and S.H. Swan. 2009. “Maternal urinary metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in relation to the timing of labor in a US multicenter pregnancy cohort study”. American J. Epidemiology, 169:1015-24. Adibi, J.J., R.M. Whyatt, P.L. Williams, A.M. Calafat, D. Camann, R. Herrick, H. Nelson, H.K. Bhat, F.P. Perera, M.J. Silva, and R. Hauser. 2008. “Characterization of phthalate exposure among pregnant women assessed by repeat air and urine samples”. Environ. Health Perspectives, 116(4):467-73. Antizar-Ladislao, B. 2009. “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates and organotins in northern Atlantic Spain’s coastal marine sediments”. J. Environ. Monit., 11:85-91. Aparicio, I., J.L. Santos, and E. Alonso. 2009. “Limitation of the concentration of organic pollutants in sewage sludge for agricultural purposes: A case study in South Spain”. Waste Management, 29(5):1747-53. Baird, D.D., T.M. Saldana, P.A. Nepomnaschy, J.A. Hoppin, M.P. Longnecker, C.R. Weinberg, and A.J. Wilcox. 2009. “Within-person variability in urinary phthalate metabolie concentrations: measurements from specimens after long-term frozen storage”. J. Exposure Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., in press. Beauchesne, I., S. Barnabé, D.G. Cooper and J.A. Nicell. 2008. “Plasticizers and related toxic degradation products in wastewater sludges”. Water Sci. Technol., 57(3):367-74. Benotti, M.J., R.A. Trenholm, B.J. Vanderford, J.C. Holady, B.D. Stanford, and S.A. Snyder. 2009. “Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in U.S. drinking water”. Environ. Sci. Technol., 43(3):597-603. Berman, T., D. Hochner-Celnikier, A.M. Calafat, L.L. Needham, Y. Amitai, U. Wormser, and E. Richter. 2009. “Phthalate exposure among pregnant women in Jerusalem, Israel: Results of a pilot study”. Environ Int, 35:353-7. Bicchi, C., T. Schiliro, C. Pignata, E. Fea, C. Cordero, F. Canale, and G. Gilli. 2009. ”Analysis of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals using the E-screen method and stir bar sorptive extraction in wastewater treatment plant effluents”. Sci. Total Environ., 407(6):1842-1851. Biedermann-Brem, S., M. Biedermann, S. Pfenninger, M. Bauer, W. Altkofer, K. Rieger, U. Hauri, C. Droz, and K. Grob. 2008. “Plasticizers in PVC Toys and Childcare Products: What Succeeds the Phthalates? Market Survey 2007”. Chromatographia, 68(3/4):227-34. Bonini, M., E. Errani, G. Zerbinati, E. Ferri, and S. Girotti. 2008. “Extraction and gas chromatographic evaluation of plasticizers content in food packaging films”. Microchemical Journal, 90:31–6. Phthalate Ester Database References

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Page 2 of 60 Carrillo, J.D., M.P. Martinez, and M.T. Tena. 2008. “Determination of phthalates in wine by headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry: Use of deuterated phthalates as internal standards”. J. Chromatogr. A, 1181:125–30. Cavaliere, B., B. Macchione, G. Sindona, and A. Tagarelli. 2008. “Tandem mass spectrometry in food safety assessment: The determination of phthalates in olive oil”. J. Chromatogr. A, 1205:137–43. Chen, M.-L., J.-S. Chen, C.-L. Tang, and I-F. Mao. 2008. “The internal exposure of Taiwanese to phthalate—An evidence of intensive use of plastic materials”. Environ Int, 34:79–85. Cheng, H.-F., M. Kumar, and J.-G. Lin. 2008. “Assessment of di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in municipal and industrial sludges of Taiwan by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography with electron ionization detection”. Sep. Sci. Technol., 43:132–46. Corea-Téllez, K.S., P. Bustamante-Montes, M. Garcia-Fabila, M.A. Hernandez-Valero, and F. Vazquez-Moreno. 2008. “Estimated risks of water and saliva contamination by phthalate diffusion from plasticized polyvinyl chloride”. J. Environ. Health, 71(3):34-9. Dargnat, C., M.-J. Teil, M. Chevreuil, and M. Blanchard. 2009. “Phthalate removal throughout wastewater treatment plant - Case study of Marne Aval station (France)”. Sci. Total Environ., 407:1235-44. Del Carlo, M., A. Pepe, G. Sacchetti, D. Compagnone, D. Mastrocola, and A. Cichelli. 2008. “Determination of phthalate esters in wine using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry”. Food Chemistry, 111:771–7. Destaillats, H., R.L. Maddalena, B.C. Singer, A.T. Hodgson, and T.E. McKone. 2008. “Indoor pollutants emitted by office equipment: A review of reported data and information needs”. Atmos. Environ., 42:1371–88. Duran-Alvarez, J.C., E. Becerril-Bravo, V. Silva Castro, B. Jimenez, and R. Gibson. 2009. “The analysis of a group of acidic pharmaceuticals, carbamazepine, and potential endocrine disrupting compounds in wastewater irrigated soils by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry”. Talanta, 78(3):1159-66. Errekatxo, A., A. Prieto, O. Zuloaga, A. Usobiaga, N. Etxebarria, and L.A. Fernández. 2008. “Simultaneous extraction of several persistent organic pollutants in sediment using focused ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction”. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 392:1471-8. Fu, P., K. Kawamura, and L.A. Barrie. 2009. “Photochemical and other sources of organic compounds in the Canadian high Arctic aerosol pollution during winter-spring”. Environ. Sci. Technol., 43(2):286-92.

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Page 3 of 60 Fuentes-Leonarte, V., J.M. Tenias, and F. Ballester. 2009. “Levels of pollutants in indoor air and respiratory health in preschool children: A system review”. Pediatric Pulmonology, 44:231-43. Garcia-Jares, C., J. Regueiro, R. Barro, T. Dagnac, and M. Llompart. 2009. “Analysis of industrial contaminants in indoor air. Part 2. Emergent contaminants and pesticides”. J. Chromatogr. A, 1216:567-97. Gasperi, J., S. Garnaud, V. Rocher, and R. Moilleron. 2008. “Priority pollutants in wastewater and combined sewer overflow”. Sci. Total Environ., 407:263-72. Gron, C., F. Laturnus, G.K. Mortensen, H. Egsgaard, L. Samsoe-Petersen, P. Ambus, and E.S. Jensen. 2000. “Plant uptake of LAS and DEHP from sludge amended soil”. Chapter 7 in: Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic Chemicals. Volume I: Fate and Exposure. Ed. R.L. Lipnick, J.L.M. Hermens, K. Jones, and D.C.G. Muir. American Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series 772. Harazim, J., A. Jarosová, L. Krátká, V. Stancova, and P. Suchy. 2008. “Contamination of feedstuffs with phthalic acid esters”. Abstracts/Toxicology Letters, 180S:S32–S246, doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.564. Hatch, E.E., J.W. Nelson, M.M. Qureshi, J. Weinberg, L.L. Moore, M. Singer, and T.F. Webster. 2008. “Association of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations with body mass index and waist circumference: A cross-sectional study of NHANES data, 1999-2002”. Environmental Health, 7:27. Hernández-Díaz, S., A.A. Mitchell, K.E. Kelley, A.M. Calafat, and R. Hauser. 2009. “Medications as a potential source of exposure to phthalates in the US population”. Environ. Health Perspectives, 117(2):185-9. Hines, C.J., N.B. Nilsen Hopf, J.A. Deddens, A.M. Calafat, M.J. Silva, A.A. Grote, and D.L. Sammons. 2009a. “Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations among workers in selected industries: A pilot biomonitoring study”. Ann. Occup. Hyg., 53(1):1-17. Hines, E.P., A.M. Calafat, M.J. Silva, P. Mendola, and S.E. Fenton. 2009b. “Concentrations of phthalate metabolites in milk, urine, saliva and serum of lactating North Carolina women”. Environ. Health Perspectives. 117(1):86-92. Hong, Y.-C., E.-Y. Park, M.-S. Park, J.A. Ko, S.-Y. Oh, H. Kim, K.-H. Lee, J.-H. Leem, and E.-H. Ha. 2009. “Community level exposure to chemicals and oxidative stress in adult population”. Toxicology Letters, 184:139-44. Hwang, H.-M., E.-K. Park, T.M. Young, and B.D. Hammock. 2008. “Occurrence of endocrinedisrupting chemicals in indoor dust”. Sci. Total Environ., 404:26-35.

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Page 4 of 60 Ikonomou, M.G., S.-S. Cai, M.P. Fernandez, J.D. Blair, and M. Fischer. 2008. “Ultra-trace analysis of multiple endocrine-disrupting chemicals in municipal and bleached kraft mill effluents using gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry”. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27(2):243–51. Jackson, J. and R. Sutton. 2008. “Sources of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in urban wastewater, Oakland, CA”. Sci. Total Environ., 405:153-60. Jonsson, A., U. Fridén, K. Thuresson, and L. Sörme. 2008. “Substance flow analyses of organic pollutants in Stockholm”. Water Air Soil Pollut Focus, 8:433–43. Keller, B.O., A.G.F. Davidson, and S.M. Innis. 2009. “Phthalate metabolites in urine of CF patients are associated with use of enteric coated pancreatic enzymes”. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 27(3):424-7. Kim, M., S.J. Yun, and G.-S. Chung. 2009. “Determination of phthalates in raw bovine milk by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS) and dietary intakes”. Food Additives and Contam., 26(1):134-8. Kolarik, B., C.-G. Bornehag, K. Naydenov, J. Sundell, P. Stavova, and O. Faurskov Nielsen. 2008b. “The concentrations of phthalates in settled dust in Bulgarian homes in relation to building characteristic and cleaning habits in the family”. Atmos. Environ., 42:8553–9. Kong, X.-J., D. Li, L.-Q. Cao, X.-M. Zhang, Y. Zhao, Y. Lv, and J. Zhang. 2008. “Evaluation of municipal sewage treatment systems for pollutant removal efficiency by measuring levels of micropollutants”. Chemosphere, 72(1):59-66. Kupper, T. 2008. “Organic contaminants in sewage sludge, their sources and their importance in the context of the withdrawal from the agricultural use of sewage sludge in Switzerland”. Österr. Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, March/April:45-54. Kwapniewski, R., S. Kozaczka, R. Hauser, M.J. Silva, A.M. Calafat, and S.M. Duty. 2008. “Occupational exposure to dibutyl phthalate among manicurists”. J Occupational Environmental Medicine, 50(6):705-11. Lardjane, N. and N. Belhaneche-Bensemra. 2009. “Migration of additives in simulated landfills and soil burial degradation of plasticized PVC”. J App Polymer Science, 111:525–31. Latini, G., M. Wittassek, A. Del Vecchio, G. Presta, C. De Felice, and J. Angerer. “Lactational exposure to phthalates in Southern Italy”. Environ. Int., 35:236-9.

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Leivadara, S.V., A.D. Nikolaou, and T.D. Lekkas. 2008. “Determination of organic compounds in bottled waters”. Food Chemistry, 108:277–86. Li, J., Y. Cai, Y. Shi, S. Mou, and G. Jiang. 2008. “Analysis of phthalates via HPLC-UV in environmental water samples after concentration by solid-phase extraction using ionic liquid mixed hemimicelles”. Talanta, 74:498–504.

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Page 5 of 60 Liang, P., J. Xu, and Q. Li. 2008. “Application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of three phthalate esters in water samples”. Analytica Chimica Acta, 609:53–8. Lin, C., C.-J. Lee, W.-M. Mao, and F. Nadim. 2009. “Identifying the potential sources of di-(2ethylhexyl) phthalate contamination in the sediment of the Houjing River in southern Taiwan”. J Haz Materials, 161(1):270-5. Liu, W.X., J. Hu, J.L. Chen, Y.S. Fan, B. Xing, and S. Tao. 2008. “Distribution of persistent toxic substances in benthic bivalves from the inshore areas of the Yellow Sea”. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27(1):57-66. Loff, S., T. Hannmann, U. Subotic, F.-M. Reinecke, H. Wischmann, and J. Brade. 2008. “Extraction of diethylhexylphthalate by home total parenteral nutrition from polyvinyl chloride infusion lines commonly used in the home”. J Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 47:81-6. Montuori, P., E. Jover, M. Morgantini, J.M. Bayona, and M. Triassi. 2008. “Assessing human exposure to phthalic acid and phthalate esters from mineral water stored in polyethylene terephthalate and glass bottles”. Food Additives and Contam, 25(4):511–8. Naeth, M.A. and S.R. Wilkinson. 2008. “Lichens as biomonitors of air quality around a diamond mine, Northwest Territories, Canada”. J. Environ. Qual., 37:1675–84. Needham, L.L., A.M. Calafat and D.B. Barr. 2008. “Assessing developmental toxicant exposures via biomonitoring”. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 102:100–8. Oomen, A.G., P.J.C.M. Janssen, A. Dusseldorp, and C. W. Noorlander. 2008. “Exposure to chemicals via house dust”. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands. RIVM Report 609021064. Pedersen, G.A., L.K. Jensen, A. Fankhauser, S. Biedermann, J.H. Petersen, and B. Fabech. 2008. “Migration of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) and phthalates from twist closures into food and enforcement of the overall migration limit”. Food Additives and Contam, 25(4):50310. Peters, R.J.B., H. Beeltje, and R.J. van Delft. 2008. “Xeno-estrogenic compounds in precipitation”. J. Environ. Monit., 10:760–9. Rudel, R.A. and L.J. Perovich. 2009. “Endocrine disrupting chemicals in indoor and outdoor air”. Atmos. Environ., 43:170-81. Samandar, E., M.J. Silva, J.A. Reidy, L.L. Needham, and A.M. Calafat. 2009. “Temporal stability of eight phthalate metabolites and their glucuronide conjugates in human urine”. Environ. Res., in press, doi:10.1016/j.envres.2009.02.004. Sathyanarayana, S. 2008. “Phthalates and children’s health”. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care, 38:34-49.

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Page 6 of 60 Schettler, T. 2006. “Human exposure to phthalates via consumer products”. Int J Androl, 29(1):134-9. Schmid, P., M. Kohler, R. Meierhofer, S. Luzi, and M. Wegelin. 2008. “Does the reuse of PET bottles during solar water disinfection pose a health risk due to the migration of plasticisers and other chemicals into the water?” Water Res, 42:5054-60. Shen, H.-Y. 2005. “Simultaneous screening and determination eight phthalates in plastic products for food use by sonication-assisted extraction/GC–MS methods”. Talanta, 66:734–9. Silva, M.J., J.L. Preau Jr., L.L. Needham, and A.M. Calafat. 2008. “Cross validation and ruggedness testing of analytical methods used for the quantification of urinary phthalate metabolites”. J. Chromatogr. B, 873:180-6. Swati, M., T. Rema, and K. Joseph. 2008. “Hazardous organic compounds in urban municipal solid waste from a developing country”. J Haz Materials, 160:213-9. Takahashi, Y., T. Shibata, Y. Sasaki, H. Fujii, Y. Bito, and S. Suehiro. 2008. “Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure during cardiopulmonary bypass”. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 16(1):4–6. Tan, B.L.L., D.W. Hawker, J.F. Muller, L.A. Tremblay, and H.F. Chapman. 2008. “Stir bar sorptive extraction and trace analysis of selected endocrine disruptors in water, biosolids and sludge samples by thermal desorption with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry”. Water Res, 42:404-12. Viganò, L., E. Benfenati, A. van Cauwenberge, J.K. Eidem, C. Erratico, A. Goksøyr, W. Kloas, S. Maggioni, A. Mandich, and R. Urbatzka. 2008. “Estrogenicity profile and estrogenic compounds determined in river sediments by chemical analysis, ELISA and yeast assays”. Chemosphere, 73(7):1078-89. Villberg, K., H. Mussalo-Rauhamaa, T. Haahtela and K. Saarela. 2008. “Prevalence of plastic additives in indoor air related to newly diagnosed asthma”. Indoor and Built Environ, 17:455-9. Wagner, M. and J. Oehlmann. 2009. “Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles”. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 16:27886. Welker, A. 2007. “Occurrence and fate of organic pollutants in combined sewer systems and possible impacts on receiving waters”. Water Sci. Technol., 56(10):141-8. Weschler, C.J. 2009. “Changes in indoor pollutants since the 1950s”. Atmos. Environ., 43:15369. Weschler, C.J., T. Salthammer, and H. Fromme. 2008. “Partitioning of phthalates among the gas phase, airborne particles and settled dust in indoor environments”. Atmos. Environ., 42:1449-60.

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Page 7 of 60 Xu, G., F. Li, and Q. Wang. 2008. “Occurrence and degradation characteristics of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in typical agricultural soils of China”. Sci. Total Environ., 393:333-40. Xu, Y., E.A.C. Hubal, P.A. Clausen, and J.C. Little. 2009. “Predicting residential exposure to phthalate plasticizer emitted from vinyl flooring: A mechanistic analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol., 43(7):2374-80. Ye, X., F.H. Pierik, R. Hauser, S. Duty, J. Angerer, M.M. Park, A. Burdorf, A. Hofman, V.W.V. Jaddoe, J.P. Mackenbach, E.A.P. Steegers, H. Tiemeier, and M.P. Longnecker. 2008. “Urinary metabolite concentrations of organophosphorous pesticides, bisphenol A, and phthalates among pregnant women in Rotterdam, the Netherlands: The Generation R study”. Environ. Res., 108:260-7. Zafra-Gómez, A., O. Ballesteros, A. Navalón, and J.L. Vílchez. 2008. “Determination of some endocrine disrupter chemicals in urban wastewater samples using liquid chromatography– mass spectrometry”. Microchemical Journal, 88:87–94. Zeng, F., K. Cui, Z. Xie, M. Liu, Y. Li, Y. Lin, Z. Zeng, and F. Li. 2008a. “Occurrence of phthalate esters in water and sediment of urban lakes in a subtropical city, Guangzhou, South China”. Environ Int, 34:372–80. Zeng, F., K. Cui, Z. Xie, L. Wu, M. Liu, G. Sun, Y. Lin, D. Luo, and Z. Zeng. 2008b. “Phthalate esters (PAEs): Emerging organic contaminants in agricultural soils in peri-urban areas around Guangzhou, China”. Environ. Poll., 156:425-34. Zeng, F., K. Cui, Z. Xie, L.Wu, D. Luo, L. Chen, Y. Lin, M. Liu, and G. Sun. 2009. “Distribution of phthalate esters in urban soils of subtropical city, Guangzhou, China”. J. Haz. Materials, 164:1171-8. Zhang, C. and Y. Wang. 2009. “Removal of dissolved organic matter and phthalic acid esters from landfill leachate through a complexation–flocculation process”. Waste Management, 29(1):110-6. Zhang, K., G.O. Noonan, and T.H. Begley. “Determination of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) and n-dibutylphthalate (DBP) in food and paper packaging materials from US marketplaces”. Food Additives and Contam., 25(11):1416-23. Zhao, R.-S., X. Wang, J.-P. Yuan, and J.-M. Lin. 2008. “Investigation of feasibility of bamboo charcoal as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the enrichment and determination of four phthalate esters in environmental water samples”. J. Chromatogr. A, 1183:15–20.

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PHTHALATE ESTER DATABASE REFERENCES (AS OF JUNE 2008) A Adibi, J.J., F.P. Perera, W. Jedrychowski, D.E. Camann, D. Barr, R. Jacek, and R.M. Whyatt. 2003. “Prenatal exposures to phthalates among women in New York City and Krakow, Poland”. Environ. Health Perspectives, 111(14):1719-22. Ahmed, M.T., A. Dewedar, L. Mekki, and A. Diab. 1999. “The efficacy of an oxidation pond in mineralising some industrial waste products with special reference to fluorene degradation: a case study”. Waste Management, 19:535-40. Alatriste-Mondragon, F., R. Iranpour, and B.K. Ahring. 2003. “Toxicity of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on the anaerobic digestion of wastewater sludge”. Water Res., 37:1260-9. Alberta Environment (AENV), 1999a. “Data analysed for Phthalates in Drinking Water in Alberta.” Provided in spreadsheet format by G. Halina. Enforcement and Monitoring Division. Edmonton, AB. Alberta Environment (AENV), 1999b. “Data analysed for Phthalates in Surface Water in Alberta.” Provided in spreadsheet format by R. Tchir. Water Sciences Branch, Water Data Management Section. Edmonton, AB. Alberta Environment. 2005. “A preliminary survey of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in treated municipal wastewaters and receiving rivers of Alberta”. Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation Branch, Environmental Assurance, September. Alberta Environmental Protection. 1996. Natural Resources Service, Water Management Division, Surface Water Monitoring Branch, Surface Water quality Data, WQDM Detailed Report, page 326. Alberti, J., Brull, U., Furtmann, K., Braun, G. 2000. “Occurrence of Phthalates in German surface and waste water”. Presented at SETAC World Congress, Brighton. ALcontrol Biochem Laboratoria. 1999. “The Analysis of Phthalates in Soil and Sediment”. Hoogvliet, The Netherlands. June. Alvarez, D.A., P.E. Stackelberg, J.D. Petty, J.N. Huckins, E.T. Furlong, S.D. Zaugg, and M.T. Meyer. 2005. “Comparison of a novel passive sampler to standard water-column sampling for organic contaminants associated with wastewater effluents entering a New Jersey stream”. Chemosphere, 61:610-22. Alzaga, R., A. Pena, and J.M. Bayona. 2003. “Determination of phthalic monoesters in aqueous and urine samples by solid-phase microextraction-diazomethane on-fibre derivatization-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry”. J. Sep. Sci., 26:87-96.

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Page 9 of 60 Amir, S., M. Hafidi, G. Merlina, H. Hamdi, A. Jouraiphy, M. El Gharous, and J.C. Revel. 2004. “Fate of phthalic acid esters during composting of both lagooning and activated sludges”. Process Biochemistry, Online 8 October 2004. Andersen, J.M., S. Boutrup, L.M. Svendsen, J. Bogestrand, R. Grant, J.P. Jensen, T. Ellermann, M.B. Rasmussen, L.F. Jorgensen, and K.D. Laursen. 2004. “Aquatic Environment 2003. State and trends – technical summary.” National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark. 52 pp. NERI Technical Report No. 500. http://www2.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_Publikationer/3_fagrapporter/rapporter/FR500.pdf Andersen, J.M., S. Boutrup, L.M. Svendsen, J. Bogestrand, R. Grant, J.P. Jensen, T. Ellermann, G. Ertebjerg, L.F. Jorgensen, and M.W. Pedersen. 2005. “Aquatic Environment 2004. State and trends – technical summary.” National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark. 64pp. NERI Technical Report No. 561. http://www2.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_Publikationer/3_fagrapporter/rapporter/FR561.pdf Arbona, S. and Hunter, J. 1995. "Economic Development Threatens Groundwater in Puerto Rico: Results of a Field Study," Journal of Geography, National Council for Geographic Education, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705. pp558-569. Arendt, G., Eggersdorfer, R., Faltin, M., Frische, R., Haag, F., Lichtwer, L., Rippen, G., and Steinsiek, E. 1983. Ermittlung der Quellen ausgewhlter Schadstoffe und des Verbleibs im Klrschlamm, Battelle-Institut, Frankfurt am Main, Forschungsbericht T 83-281 des Bundesministeriums fr Forschung und Technologie. ARGE Elbe, Messung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft fr die Reinhaltung der Elbe der Lnder Hamburg, Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein - ARGE Elbe, Wassergtestelle Elbe, Hamburg Aspinwall & Co (1991/2), Private communications, 1989. Armstrong, N.E., Brown, D.W., Crocker, P., Battenfield, T., Guillen, G., McFarlane, R., Whitledge, T. 1995. "Houston Ship Channel Toxicity Study Appendices," ENSR Consulting and Engineering Espey, Huston and Associates. Vol. 1, App. A-C, Houston, TX, June. The Association of Plasticizer Industry (API). 1995. “Investigation Report On The Analysis Of The Phthalates (PAE) Concentrations At Water Basins,” Tokyo, Japan, November. The Association of Plasticizer Industry (API). 1996. “Investigation Report On The Analysis Of The Phthalates (PAE) Concentrations At Water Basins,” Tokyo, Japan, September. The Association of Plasticizer Industry (API). 1997. “Investigation Report On The Analysis Of The Phthalates (PAE) Concentrations At Water Basins,” Tokyo, Japan, April. The Association of Plasticizer Industry (API). 1998. "Investigation Report On The Analysis Of The Phthalates (PAE) Concentrations at Water Basins & Sediment," May. Atlas, E. and Giam, C.S. 1981. “Global Transport of Organic Pollutants: Ambient Concentrations in the Remote Marine Atmosphere,” Science, 211:163-165. Phthalate Ester Database References

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