PREDETERMINED MOTION TIME SYSTEMS (PMTS)! [PDF]

PREDETERMINED MOTION TIME SYSTEMS (PMTS)! ANALISA DAN PENGUKURAN KERJA Debrina Puspita Andriani e"Mail':'[email protected]' Blog':'http://debrina.lecture.ub.ac.id'

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METODE PENGUKURAN [WAKTU] KERJA PENGUKURAN)[WAKTU]) KERJA)

DIRECT'

INDIRECT'

STOPWATCH'

STANDARD' DATA'

WORK' SAMPLING'

PMTS) Regression' Analysis'

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An'alternative'time'study'that'does)not)require) performance)rating.' ' A)database)of)basic)motion)elements)and)their) associated)normal)time)values,'together'with'procedures' for'applying'the'data'to'analyze'manual'tasks'and'establish' standard)times)for'the'tasks.'

PMTS defined

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Basic'motions'include:' Reach | Grasp | Move | Release ) ' A'set'of'tables'that'listing'time)values)that' corresponds'to'basic)motion)elements,'the' lowest'level'in'hierarchy'of'manual'work'activity.'

PMTS defined

  Frank&B.&Gilberth0&17&therbligs& Asa&B.&Segur&–&Mo;on&Time& Analysis&(MTA)&0&the&first& commercial&PMT&system&(1922)& and&base&on&Gilberth’s&17& therbligs&   H.&Quick&–&Work0factor&system& (193401938):&cogni;ve&work& involved& Harold'B.'Maynard'–'Methods2 Time'Measurement'(MTM)' (1948):'very'successful'and' widely'used' G.Chris&Hyde0&Modular& Arrangement&of&Predetermined& Time&Standards&(MODAPTS)&– 1966& Kjell'B.'Zandin2'Maynard' OperaGons'Sequence' Technique'(MOST)2(1970s)'   Computeriza;on&of&systems&as& commercial&products& 5) 3/12/14) www.debrina.lecture.ub.ac.id)

Historical Notes

Maynard' Operation' Sequence' Time' (MOST)'

Data)Waktu) Gerakan)

Analisa' waktu' gerakan' (MTA)'

Waktu' Gerakan' Baku'(MTS)'

Terdiri' atas':' Pengukuran' Waktu' Metode' (MTM)'

Waktu' Gerakan' Dimensi' (DMT)' Faktor'Kerja' (WF)'

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PMTS Procedure 1.  Synthesize/Analyze)method)that)would)be)used)to)perform)the)

task) !  The'method'is'described'in'terms'of'basic'motion'elements' 2.  Retrieve)normal)time)values)for)each)motion)element) !  Sum'the'element'times'to'determine'the'task'normal'time' 3.  Evaluate)method)to)make)improvements)by'' !  eliminating'motions' !  reducing'distances' !  using'both'hands'simultaneously'etc.' 4.  Apply)allowances)to)determine)standard)time) 3/12/14)

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PMTS Levels and Generations

•  FirstTlevel)PMTS)use)the)basic)motion) elements)) –  Reach,) grasp,) and) move) used) separately)to)define)the)task) •  HigherTlevel) PMTS) combine) several) motion) elements) into) motion) aggregates) –  Reach) and) grasp) combined) into) one)element)called)“get”) •  F i r s t T l e v e l ) s y s t e m s ) w e r e) chronologically) the) first) to) be) developed) and) are) called) first) generation)PMTS)

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Comparisons FirstTlevel)PMTS) •  Most'accurate' •  High' application' speed' ratio' •  Most' suited' to' highly' repetitive'short'cycles' •  Basic'motion'elements' •  Very'detailed' •  Highest'flexibility' Detailed) 3/12/14)

M)T)M))

HigherTlevel)PMTS) •  Less'accurate' •  Less'time'to'set'standards' •  Longer'cycle'times' feasible' •  Motion'aggregates' •  Less'detailed' •  Less'flexible' Simplified)and)condensed) 9)

M)O)S)T)

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METHODS TIME MEASUREMENT! (MTM)

Methods-Time Measurement (MTM) !  Procedure'which'analyzes'any'manual)operation)or)method) into'the'basic)motions'required'to'perform'it'and'assigns'to' each' motion) a) predetermined) time) standard) which' is' determined' by' the' nature' of' the' motion' and' the' conditions' under'which'it'is'made.' !  Time'units'are'TMUs' '1)TMU)=)10T6)hr)=)0.0006)min)=)0.036)sec) '1)sec)=)27.8)TMU) !  MTM' is' a' family' of' products' available' through' the' MTM' Association'(www.mtm.org)'' 3/12/14)

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Task)Level)

MTMT1)

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Work)Element) Level) Basic)Motion) Level)

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HIERARCHY OF WORK ACTIVITY

Job)Level)

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M T M – 1 (1948) •  Operates'at'the)basic)motion)element)level)in'our'pyramidal' structure'of'work' –  Most' MTM"1' basic' motions' involve' hand' and' arm' movements' –  Also'includes'elements'for'eye,'leg,'foot,'and'body'actions' •  Many' of' the' basic' motion' elements' correspond' to' the' original'Therbligs'developed'by'Frank'Gilbreth' •  More' appropriate' for' tasks' that' are' highly) repetitive) and' cycle)times)are)less)than)1)min) 3/12/14)

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!  Perpindahan'tangan'atau'jari'ke'tujuan'"'dipengaruhi'oleh'

panjang'gerak'dan'jenis'jangkauan.'

!  Move)(M)) !  Transportasi'objek'ke'tujuan'"'dipengaruhi'oleh'panjang'

gerakan,'berat'benda'dan'jenis'gerak.'

!  Grasp)(G)) !  Pengamanan'dengan'kontrol'yang'cukup'pada'satu'atau'

Basic Elements

!  Reach)(R))

lebih'objek'dengan'jari'atau'tangan'untuk'mengizinkan' kinerja'gerakan'yang'diperlukan'berikutnya'"'dipengaruhi' oleh'bentuk'dan'lokasi'objek.'

!  Position)(P)) !  Pelurusan,'orientasi,'dan'penglibatan'obyek'dengan'obyek'

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lain'(bila'hanya'gerakan'kecil'diperlukan)'"'dipengaruhi'oleh' kemudahan'penanganan,'simetri,'dan'jumlah'tekanan'yang' dibutuhkan'untuk'penyisipan.' 14) www.debrina.lecture.ub.ac.id)

!  Melepaskan'kontrol'dari'sebuah'objek'dengan'jari'

atau'tangan.'

!  Disengage)(D)) !  Istirahat'kontak'antara'satu'objek'dengan'yang'lain'"'

dipengaruhi'oleh'jumlah'usaha'yang'diperlukan.'

!  Turn)(T))

Basic Elements

!  Release)(RL))

!  Gerak'yang'digunakan'untuk'mengubah'keadaan'

tangan,'kosong'atau'dimuat,'dengan'gerakan'yang' tangan'berputar,'pergelangan'tangan,'dan'lengan' bawah'pada'sumbu'panjang'lengan'bawah'"' dipengaruhi'oleh'tingkat'rotasi'dan'dengan'berat' benda.'

!  Apply)Pressure)(AP))

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!  Dianggap'hanya'ketika'mata'harus'mengarahkan'

tangan'atau'gerakan'tubuh'(termasuk'fokus'mata' dan'mata'waktu'trevel)'"'dipengaruhi'oleh'jarak' antara'titik"titik'perjalanan'dan'jarak'antara'mata'ke' garis'perjalanan.'

!  Body)of)Leg)and)Foot)Motion)(BMF))

Basic Elements

!  Eye)Travel)(ET))

!  Gerakan'lain'yang'berhubungan'dengan'tubuh'dan'

kaki'(berjalan,'berdiri,'membungkuk,'dll).'

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Example):)R10C)=)12.9)TMUs)

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Example):)G1C3)=)10.8)TMUs)

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Example):)M6B12)

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Motion Element : Move (M) Normal)Time)=)constant)+)(dynamic)*)time)in)TMU))

•  Example':'M6B12' "'Normal'Time''='3.9'+'(1.11'*'8.9)' ' ' ' '='13.8'TMUs'

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Example):)P3NSD)=)53.4)TMUs' #  Round'peg'in'a'round'hole:'S(ymmetrical)' #  Key'inserted'in'a'lock:'N(on)S(ymmetrical)'' 3/12/14)

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Example):)RL1)=)2)TMUs)

Example):)D2D)=)11.8)TMUs) 3/12/14)

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Example):)T30L)=)8.4)TMUs)

Example):)APB)=)16.2)TMUs)

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Notasi Gerakan •  Notasi'umum'untuk'setiap'gerakan'pada'MTM' adalah:' ' ' '

)))) dimana':' 'a': 'b': 'c': '' 3/12/14)

))

'

a)b)c)

'gerakan'dasar'yang'bekerja' 'jarak'yang'ditempuh' 'kelas'dari'gerak'dasar'yang'bersangkutan'

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Notasi Gerakan •  Contoh':' –  'R'16'A'='Reach,'jarak'16'inches,'description'A' –  G'1'A'='Grasp,'description'1A ''

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MTMT2''(1965))–'Second" level'PMTS'in'which'basic' motion'elements'are' combined'into'motion' aggregates'(11'motions)' • GET'–'combines'Reach'and'Grasp' • PUT'–'combines'Move'and'Position' • For'tasks'that'are'not'highly' repetitive'and'cycle'times'are' greater'than'1'min'

MTMTV):' Metal'cutting' operations'

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MTMT3)(1970)'–' Third"level'PMTS' which'has'four' motion'categories'

Other MTM Systems

•  Handle''|''Transport''|'' Step'and'foot'motions'' |''Bend'and'arise'

MTMTC':' clerical'work'

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MTM)Software)(www.mtm.org))

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MAYNARD OPERATION SEQUENCE TECHNIQUE (MOST)

M O S T •  MOST'is'a'high"level'PMTS'based'on'MTM' o Same'time'units'as'MTM:'TMU' o Developed'around'1967'under'the'direction'of'Kjell' Zandin.' o MOST' is' a' product' of' H.B.' Maynard' and'Company' (an' educational' and' consulting' firm),' Pittsburgh,' Pennsylvania' '(www.hbmaynard.com)'' 3/12/14)

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Task)Level)

MOST)

Work)Element) Level) Basic)Motion) Level)

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HIERARCHY OF WORK ACTIVITY

Job)Level)

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dengan'membagi'aktivitas'kedalam' pekerjaan'yang'umum'dan'tidak'terlalu' mendetail.'

!  Dokumentasi'yang'diperlukan'lebih'sedikit,'

jadi'juga'menghemat'biaya.'

!  Hasil'pengukuran'sangat'valid'dan'dapat'

diterima'secara'statistik''

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Kelebihan MOST

!  MOST'lebih'cepat'karena'lebih'sederhana,'

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Basic MOST •  Focused' on' work' involving) the) movement) of) objects) (e.g.,' parts,'tools)'from'one'location'to'another'in'the'workplace' –  Uses'motion'aggregates' –  Called'activity'sequence'models'' •  Three)activity)sequence)models:' 1.  General)move)–'object'moved'freely'in'space' 2.  Controlled) move) –' object' remains' in' contact' with' a' surface' 3.  Tool)use)–'use'of'hand'tools'(e.g.,'hammer,'screwdriver)' 3/12/14)

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'

'

General'Move

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'

Controlled'Move

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'

Tool'Use

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' ABG'ABP'A' A'"'Action'Distances' B'"'Body'Motion' G'"'Gain'Control' '' P'"'Place' ABG'MXI'A' M'"'Move'controlled' X'"'Process'time' '' I'"'Align' ABG'ABP'*'ABPA' *F'–'Fasten' *L'–'Loosen' *C'–'Cut' *S'–'Surface'treat'' *R'–'Record' '' *M'"'Measure'

Sequence)Model

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Subactivities

Basic MOST

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1.)General)Move' Consists' of' sequence' model' parameters,' which' correspond' r o u g h l y' t o' b a s i c' m o t i o n' elements.' Sequence' model' parameters' for' General'Move:' A) :) Action) distance) (move' hands' or' feet)' –' horizontal' body'motions' B) :) Body) motion) (sit,' stand' up)'–'vertical'body'motions' G) :) Gain) control) (closely' related'to'grasp)' P) :) P l a c e m e n t) ( e . g . ,' position,'lay'aside,'orient)' 36)

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1.)General)Move' Standard' sequence' in' General'Move:' '

' A)B)G)))))A)B)P)))))A) ' '

'

get)

move) return)

ABG':'to'get'an'object;'' ABP':'to'move'the'object'to' a'new'location;'' A) :' return' to' original' position' 37)

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1)Index)=)10)TMU)

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1.)General)Move' Develop'the'activity' sequence'model'and' determine'the'normal'time' for'the'following'work' activity:'' A)worker)walks)5)steps,) picks)up)a)small)part)from) the)floor,)returns)to)his) original)position,)and) places)the)part)on)his) worktable.) ' 39)

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Solution':' 'A10B6G1A10B0P1A0) '' 'where' 'A10=walk'5'steps;'' 'B6=bend'and'arise;'' ' G1=gain' control' of' small' part;' 'A10=return'back;'' 'B0=no'body'motion;'' 'P1=lay'aside'part'on'table;'' 'A0=no'motion' ' 'The)sum)of)index)values:) 28.) )Normal)time:)10*28=280) TMUs))

2.)Controlled)Move' Used'when'an'object'is' moved'through'a'path'that' is'somehow'constrained.' M'':''Move,'controlled' X''':''Process'time' I''''':''Align' ' ''

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2.)Controlled)Move' Standard' sequence' in' Controlled'Move:' '

' A)B)G)))))M)X)I)))))A) ' ' '

get)

move) return)

'

ABG ':'to'get'an'object;'' MXI ':'to'move'the'object' followed'by'a'process'time' and'alignment,'' A ':'to'return'' 41)

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2.'Controlled'move' Develop' the' activity' sequence' model' and' determine' the' normal' time' for' the' following' work'activity:' A) worker) takes) 2) steps,)grasp)the)waistT level)feed)lever)on)the) lathe,) pulls) up) the) lever) approximately) 15) cm) to) engage) the) feed.) Process) time) to) turn)the)part)is)25)sec.)) 43)

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•  Solution:' '25'sec.s'='25'*'2.78'='69.5'=' 70'index' ' '

'

)A3B0G1M1X70I0A0) 'where''

'A3=walk'2'steps;' 'B0=no'body'motion;' 'G1=gain'control'of'lever;' 'M1=pull'the'lever'up'15'cm:' 'X70=process'time'of';' 'I0=no'alignment;' 'A0=no'motion'

'The)sum)of)index)values:)75.) ) Normal) time:) 10*75=750) TMUs)=)27)seconds)

3. Tool use Bagian yang memakai alat diisi dengan salah satu parameter: F L C S M R T

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: fasten (mengencangkan) : loosen (mengendurkan) : cut : surface treat (misal: Ampelas) : measure : record : think

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3. Tool use •  Only'one'is'used'in'a'sequence:'' '

ABG)ABP)*)ABP)A) 'ABG:'to'get'the'tool' 'ABP:'put'the'tool'in'the'position' '*:'tool'use'code' 'ABP:'put'the'tool'aside' 'A:'return'' '

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• Can'be'applied'to'tasks'of' several'hours'

Clerical)MOST)–' similar'to'Basic'MOST' but'designed'for' clerical'tasks'

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Mini)MOST)–'for' highly'repetitive'work' cycles'performed'more' than'1500'times'per' week'

MOST)for)Windows)–' Computerized' technique'that'allows' user'to'apply'Basic' MOST,'Maxi'MOST,'or' Mini'MOST'to'the'task'

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Other Versions of MOST

Maxi)MOST)–'for'work' cycles'performed'fewer' than'150'times'per'week' and'there'are'variations'in' the'cycle'

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“Knowing exactly what you want to do, and then seeing that they do it the best and cheapest way.” F-­ede-­ick W. Ta.lo-­

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