Proforma UG I Semester UG II Semester UG III Semester [PDF]

Algae: Volvox, Oedogonium, and Coleochaete. Fungi: Pythium, Phytophthor and Mucor,. 4. Study of morphology, anatomy and

0 downloads 14 Views 117KB Size

Recommend Stories


UG-R2004 UG R2004 [PDF]
The PDF file is for Free download. ...... EXU FACA D. DOIS GUMEs CONHECIDO COMO "MUSIFIM", PEÇO que o FPT. venha agora, atrás d. mim. ...... adaptation of a Max Lucado peice of work) The Cross https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/2062529

UG Special UG Super
Life isn't about getting and having, it's about giving and being. Kevin Kruse

revised time table for the iv semester ba(cucbcss-ug)
Ask yourself: Am I achieving the goals that I’ve set for myself? Next

time table for the fifth semester b.a. (cucbcss-ug) regular
Your big opportunity may be right where you are now. Napoleon Hill

revised time table for the iv semester bsc.(cucbcss-ug)
Ask yourself: What role does gratitude play in your life? Next

semester – iii
So many books, so little time. Frank Zappa

semester- ii
Do not seek to follow in the footsteps of the wise. Seek what they sought. Matsuo Basho

semester ii
Those who bring sunshine to the lives of others cannot keep it from themselves. J. M. Barrie

ug courses
Forget safety. Live where you fear to live. Destroy your reputation. Be notorious. Rumi

I Semester
Do not seek to follow in the footsteps of the wise. Seek what they sought. Matsuo Basho

Idea Transcript


Proforma UG Ist Semester Name of the Department :- Botany Class :- B.Sc. Semester Ist

Course No.

Course Title

Credit

BOT-C-111

Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams

02

BOT-C-112

Cell Biology

02

BOT-C-113

Practical

02

UG IInd Semester Name of the Department :- Botany Class :- B.Sc. Semester IInd

Course No. BOT-C-211

Course Title Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams

Credit 02

BOT-C-212

Genetics

02

BOT-C-213

Practical

02

UG IIIrd Semester Name of the Department :- Botany Class :- B.Sc. Semester III

rd

Course No.

Course Title

Credit

BOT-C-311

Diversity and Systematics of seed Plants

02

BOT-C-312

Structure, Development & Reproduction

02

in Flowering Plants BOT-C-313

Practical

02

Proforma UG IVth Semester Name of the Department :- Botany Class :- B.Sc. Semester

Course No.

IVth

BOT-C-411

Diversity of systematic of seed plants

02

BOT-C-412

Structure, Development & Reproduction in flowering plants. Practical

02

BOT-C-413

Course Title

Credit

02

UG Vth Semester Name of the Department :- Botany Class :- B.Sc. Semester

Course No.

Course Title

Credit

Vth

BOT-C-511

Plant Physiology & Biochemistry

02

BOT-C-512

Plant Ecology

02

BOT-C-513

Practical

02

UG VIth Semester Name of the Department :- Botany Class :- B.Sc. Semester

Course No.

VIth

BOT-C-611

Course Title

Credit

BOT-C-612

Plant nutrition, growth and basic biotechnology Plant Ecology

02 02

BOT-C-613

Practical

02

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.) Syllabus for B.Sc. Sem – I (Session 2010-11) Marks – 100 Class Subject Semester Paper Course

-

B.Sc. Botany I I BOT 111 : Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams

Bacteria and Cyanobacteria : General account of bacteria – structure, nutrition, reproduction and economic importance : General account of cyanobacteria.

Fungi : General characters, classification and economic importance; Important features and life history of Mastigomycotina – Pythium, Phytophthora and Zygomycotina – Mucor; General account of Lichens.

Algae : General characters and classification. Important features and life history of Chlorophyceae – Volvox, Oedogonium, Coleochaete and Xanthophyceae – Vaucheria.

Bryophyta : Important characters and classification : Structure and reproduction in Hepaticopsida : Marchantia.

Pteridophyta : Important characters and classification; Structure and reproduction in Rhynia, Lycopodium and Selaginella.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.) Syllabus for B.Sc. Sem – I (Session 2010-11) Marks – 100 Class Subject Semester Paper Course

-

B.Sc. Botany I II BOT – C 112 : Cell Biology

Concept of Cell, Cell organization, Structure and function of Cell wall and Plasma membrane.

Structure and function of cell organelles : Gogibody, Endoplasmic reticulum Lysozomes, Peroxisomes, Vacuoles, Chloroplast, Mitochondria.

.

Structure and function of nucleus; Ultrastructure of nuclear membrane; Nucleolus; Extranuclear genome, Mitochondrial and plastid DNA; Plasmids.

Chromosome structure : Morphology, chemical nature. Organization : Nucleosome model; special types of chromosomes-Polytene and Lampbrush chromosome, Sex chromosome; Cell cycle : Mitosis and Meiosis.

Variation in chromosomes structure : Deletions, duplications, translocations, inversions; Variations in chromosome number : Aneuploidy and polyploidy.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.) Syllabus for B.Sc. Sem – I (Session 2010-11) Class Subject Semester Paper Practical Course

-

B.Sc. Botany I I and II BOT – C 113

Suggested Laboratory Exercises : 1.

Gram staining of Bacteria

2.

Cyanobacteria : Oscillatoria, Nostoc.

3.

Study of certain Algae and Fungi. Algae: Volvox, Oedogonium, and Coleochaete. Fungi: Pythium, Phytophthor and Mucor,

4.

Study of morphology, anatomy and reproductive structures of Marchantia.

5.

Pteridophyta : Study of morphology, anatomy and organization of strobilus of the sporophytes of Lycopodium and Selaginella. Study of slide of Rhynia (Fossil).

6.

Study of the museum specimens of Lichens and plant hosts infected by fungi and bacteria.

7.

To study cell structure from Onion leaf peels; demonstration of staining and mounting methods.

8.

Comparative study of cell structure in Onion cells, Hydrilla and Spirogyra. Study of cyclosis in Tradescantia staminal cells.

9.

Study of plastids to examine pigment distribution in plants (e.g. species of Cassia, Lycopersicon and Capsicum).

10.

Examination of electron micrographs of eukaryotic cells with special reference to organelles.

11.

Study of electron micrographs of viruses, bacteria, cyanobacteria and eukaryotic cells for comparative cellular organization.

12.

Examination of various stages of mitosis and meiosis using appropriate plant material (e.g. onion root tips, onion flower buds).

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.) Syllabus for B.Sc. Sem – II (Session 2010-11) Marks – 100 Class Subject Semester Paper Course

-

B.Sc. Botany II I BOT – C 211 : Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams

Viruses and Mycoplasma: General account of Viruses and Mycoplasma

Algae: General characters, classification and economic importance; Important features and life history of : Phaeophyceae – Ectocarpus, Sargassum and Rhodophyceae – Polysiphonia.

Fungi: General characters, classification and economic importance; Important features and life history of: Ascomycotina – Saccharomyces, Eurotium, Chaetomium, Peziza, Basidiomycotina – Puccinia, Agaricus, Deuteromycotina – Cercospora, and Colletotrichum,

Bryophyta: Alternation of generations in Bryophyta; Structure, reproduction and classification of : Anthocerotopsida: Anthoceros and Broypsida : Funaria.

Pteridophyta : Characteristics of Sphenopsida and Pteropsida; Structure and reproduction in Equisetum, Pteris and Marsilea.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.) Syllabus for B.Sc. Sem – II (Session 2010-11) Marks – 100 Class Subject Semester Paper Course

-

B.Sc. Botany II II BOT – C 212 : Genetics

DNA as a genetic material, its structure and replication; Structure and types of RNA; Satellite and repetitive DNA.

Structure of Gene; Genetic code; Transfer of genetic information-transcription and translation; Protein synthesis; tRNA and ribosomes.

Regulation of Gene-Expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Protein : structure and function.

Genetic inheritance : Mendelism-laws of segregation and independent assortment; Linkage and crossing over; Allelic and non-allelic interactions of genes.

Genetic variations : Mutation-spontaneous and induced; Transposable genetic elements; DNA damage and repair.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.) Syllabus for B.Sc. Sem – I (Session 2010-11) Class Subject Semester Paper Practical Course

-

B.Sc. Botany II I and II BOT – C 213

Suggested Laboratory Exercises: 1.

Thallophyta : Study of following Algae and fungi. Algae : Ectocarpus, Sargassum, Fungi : Saccharomyces, Eurotium, Chaetomium, Peziza, Puccinia, Agaricus, Cercospora, Colletotrichum.

2.

Bryophyta : Study of morphology, anatomy and reproductive structures of Anthoceros and Funaria.

3.

Pteridophyta : Study of morphology, anatomy and reproductive structures of Equisetum, Pteris and Marsilea.

4.

Study of museum specimens of plant hosts infected with Viruses, Mycoplasma and Fungi.

5.

Study of karyotypes.

6.

Cytological examination of special types of chromosomes : Bar body, Lampbrush and Polytene chromosomes.

7.

Working out the Mendel’s laws of inheritance.

8.

Working out the mode of inheritance of linked genes.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Marks – 100 Class Subject Semester Paper Course

-

B.Sc. Botany III I BOT – C 311 Diversity and Systematics of Seed Plants

Geological time scale, Fossil Gymnosperms e.g. Lyginopteris, Lygenostoma. General Characters and classification of Gymnosperms. Position of Gymnosperms in plant kingdom Heterospory and origin of seed habit. Morphological diversity of Gymnosperms and distribution of Gymnosperms in India. Morphology, Anatomy, Reproduction and Life cycle of Cycas Morphology, Anatomy, Reproduction and Life Cycle of Pinus. Morphology, Anatomy, Reproduction and life cycle of Ephedra. Economic importance of Gymnosperms.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Marks – 100 Class Subject Semester Paper Course

-

B.Sc. Botany III II BOT – C 312 Structure, Development and

Reproduction in flowering plants. The basic body plan of a flowering plant, General description of plant parts in technical terms. Variation in habit of flowering plants. Diversity in plant form in annuals, biennials and perennials. The Root System : The root apical meristem (RAM); differentiation of primary and secondary tissues and their roles; Structural modification of roots for different purposes. The Shoot System : the shoot apical meristem (SAM) Anatomy of primay stem in monocotyledon and Dicotyledons, stem modifications for different purposes. Branching pattern – Monopodial and Sympodial growth, Canopy architecture. Vascular cambium and its function; formation of secondary Xylem, growth rings, Spring wood & Winterwood, Sapwood and Heart wood, Secondary phloem, Cork cambium and Periderm, Utility of secondary wood.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Class Subject Semester Paper

-

B.Sc. Botany III BOT – C 313 I (Practical)

Suggested Laboratory Exercises :

Practicals Morphological and Anatomical features of the root, coralloid root, rachis and leaflet of Cycas. Structure of male cone female cone Ovule and Seed of Cycas. Morphological Differences in three species of Cycas. Morphological and Anatomical features of longshoot, dwarf shoot and needle of Pinus, Structure of Male cone and Female cone. Study of Male & Female cone of Ephedra.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Class Subject Semester Paper

-

B.Sc. Botany III BOT – C 313 II (Practical)

Suggested Laboratory Exercises :

Study of different types of plants – annual, biennial and perennials. Study of different types of root and root modification. Anatomy of monocot & dicot roots. Study of different type of stem and stem modifications. Anatomy of Primary Structure of monocot and dicot stem. Study of different types of branching pattern.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Marks – 100 Class Subject Semester Paper Course

B.Sc. Botany IV I - BOT - C 411Diversity and Systematics of Seed Plants

Origin and evolution of Angiosperms. Taxonomic concepts, Processes and principles, Botanical nomenclature Taxonomic ranks. Classification of Angiosperms Salient features of the system proposed by Bentham and Hooker, Englar and Prantl and Hutchinson. Modern trends in Taxonomy – Cytology, Phytochemistry Embryology Taximetrics etc. Systematic Institutions – Taxonomic literature, Herbarium, Botanic garden. Diagnostic characteristic and economic importance of Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae and Apiaceae. Diagnostic characteristic and economic importance of Lamiaceae, Euphoricaceae and Liliaceae.

Asclepiadaceae, Solanaceae,

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Marks – 100 Class Subject Semester Paper Course : BOT - C 412

-

B.Sc. Botany IV II Structure Development and Reproduction in flowering plants.

Leaf : Origin, development, arrangement and diversity in size and shape; internal structure in relation to Photosynthesis and water loss; adaptations to water stress; senescence and abscission. Flower : Concept of flower as a modified shoot, structure of anther, Microsporogenesis, formation of pollen grains (male gametophyte), structure of pistil, ovules, Megasporogenesis, Study of different types of embryosac (female gametophyte). Attraction and rewards for pollinators, pollen pistil interactions. Mechanism and agencies of pollination, pollen germination and pollen tube growth self incompatibility. Double fertilization, Development of endosperm and embryo in monocotyledons and dictyledons, Fruit development and maturation. Seed : Significance of seed dormancy, ecological adaptation, dispersals strategies, vegetative reproduction, vegetative propagation, grafting, economic aspects.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Class Subject Semester Paper

-

B.Sc. Botany IV BOT-C 413 I and II (Practical)

Suggested Laboratory Exercises :

Practical Paper – I Study of different plants of family Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Apiaceae, Asclepidaceae, Solanaceae, Limiaceae, Euphorbiaceae and liliaceae.

Practical Paper – II Study of different types of leaves. Arrangement of leaves. Internal structure of monocot and dicot leaves. Study of Pollen-grains. Pollen germination, Embryo sac types Different types of fruits. Vegetative propagation, grafting, Layering etc.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Marks – 50 Class B.Sc. Subject Botany Semester V Paper I Course : Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Course Code : BOT – C 511 Plant Water relation : Importance of water to plant life, Physical properties of water, diffusion and osmosis absorption, transport of water and transpiration : physiology of stomatal movement. Nutrition

:

Essential macro-and micro-element and their role, mineral uptake,

deficiency and toxicity symptoms. Transport of organic substances, Mechanism of phloem transport, source-sink relationship, Factors affecting translocation. Basics of Enzymology :

Discovery and nomenclature of enzymes, concept of

holoenzyme, apoenzyme, coenzyme and cofactors, regulation of enzyme activity, mechanism of action. Photosynthesis : Significance, historical aspects photosynthetic pigments, action spectra and enhancement effects, concept of two photosystems, Z-scheme, photophosphorylation Cavin cycle, C4 Pathway, CAP Plants : Photorespiration. Nitrogen and lipid metabolism : Biology of nitrogen fixation, importance of nitrate reductase and its regulation, ammonium assimilation, structure and function of lipids, fatty acid biosynthesis α and β-oxidation, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, storage and mobilization of fatty acids.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Marks – 50 Class Subject Semester Paper Course :

Ecology :

-

B.Sc. Botany V II BOT - C 512 Plant Ecology

Definition, scope and relation to other sciences, subdivisions of Ecology

Ecosystem Concept : Structure : Abiotic and biotic components, Ecological Pyramids; Energy flow : Trophic levels, food chain and food web. Flow of energy. Biogeochemical Cycles : Carbon and Nitrogen; Hydrological cycle, local and global Cycles. Population Ecology : Structure, characteristics, growth and regulation. Community Ecology : Concept of community, Structure, succession and climax. Ecological Factors : Soil : Physico-chemical properties, soil profile and development; Temperature, Light and Biotic factors.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Marks – 50 Class B.Sc. Subject Botany Semester V Paper I Practical Course Code : BOT – C 513 Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 1.

To study the permeability of plasma membrane using different concentration of organic solvents.

2.

To study the effect of temperature on permeability of plasma membrane.

3.

To study of enzyme activity of catalase and peroxidase as influenced by pH and temperature.

4.

Determination of photosynthetic rate under different affecting factors.

5.

Separation of Chloroplast pigments by chromatography.

6.

Determination of osmotic potential of vacuolar sap by Plasmolytic method.

7.

Biochemical analysis of unknown organic sample.

8.

To determine the rate of photosynjthesis in plants.

9.

To find out stomatal index and frequency of the plants.

10. Lipid testing for degree of unsaturation, iodine number and acid value.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Marks – 50 Class Subject Semester Paper Course Code

-

B.Sc. Botany V II (Practical) BOT - C 513 Plant Ecology

Suggested Laboratory Exercises :

1. Survey of common plant species of grassland. 2. To determine minimum number of quadrats required for studying structure of grassland vegetation. 3. To study the frequency of herbaceous species in grassland and to compare the frequency distribution with Raunkiae’s standard frequency diagram. 4. To measure the vegetation cover of grassland through point frame method. 5. To measure the above ground plant biomass in a grassland. 6. To determine diversity indices (richness, Simpson, Shannon – Wiener) in grazed and protected grasslands. 7. To analyse the physicochemical characteristics of soil.

Suggested Reading (For Ecology and Utilization of Plants) : Odum, E.P. 1983. Basic Ecology, Saunders, Philadephia. Kormondy, E.J. 1996. Concepts of Ecology. Prentice Hall of India, Pvt. New Delhi. Mackenzie, A et al. 1999. Instant Notes in Ecology. Viva Bookds Pvt. Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Suggested Reading (For Utilization of Plants) : Kocchar, S.LO. 1998. Economic Botany in Tropics, 2’d edition. Macmillan India Ltd. New Delhi. Sambamuthy, AV.S.S. and Subramanyam, N.S. 1989. A Textbook of Economic Botany Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi. Sharma, O.P. 1996. Hill’s Economic Botany (Late Dr. A.F.; Hill adapted by O.P. Sharma). Tata Mcgraw Hill Co. Ltd. New Delhi. Simpson, B.B. and Conner – Orgorzaly, M. 1986. Economic Botany – Plants in our Word. Ambasht R.S. Plant Ecology. Champion and Seth 1968, Forests of India-classification – F.R.I. Publication. Doubenmire Plant & Environment.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Marks – 50 Class B.Sc. Subject Botany Semester VI Paper I Course : Plant Physiology Biochemistry and Biotechnology Course Code : BOT-C-611 Respiration : ATP - The biological energy currency, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, Kreb’s cycle, electron transport mechanism, proton motive fore, redox potential, oxidative-phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway (shunt). Growth and Development : I – Definitions, phase of growth and development, kinetics of growth, plant hormones – auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene, history and their discovery, biosynthesis and mechanism of action, photomorphogenesis, phytochromes and cytochromes, their discovery, physiological role and mechanism of action. Growth and Development : II – Physiology of flowering, florigen concept, biological clock, physiology of senescence fruit ripening, seed dormancy, seed germination and factors affecting germination, plant movements, the concepts of photoperiodism. Genetic engineering : Tools and techniques of recombinant DNA technology : Cloning vectors, genomic and cDNA library, transposable elements, techniques of gene mapping and chromosome walking. Role of enzymes in genetic engineering. Biotechnology : Functional definition, basic aspects of plant tissue culture, cellular totipotency, differentiation and morphogenesis, biology of Agrobacterium, vectors for gene delivery and marker genes, salient achievement in crop biotechnology.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Marks – 50 Class Subject Semester Paper Course Course Code

-

B.Sc. Botany VI II Plant Ecology BOT-C-612

Habitat Ecology : Freshwater Ecology : Water as environment; Biotic component : Classification of freshwater organisms. Terrestrial Ecology : Terrestrial environment, General structure of terrestrial communities : forest and grassland; Terrestrial Biomes. Environmental Pollution : Definition, Air, Water and soil pollution. Global environmental changes : Greenhouse effect, Greenhouse gases, Global warming and its consequences, ozone depletion. Resourse conservation : Biodiversity : Importance, Distribution on earth, Biodiversity rich areas, hotspots, conservation strategies.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Marks – 50 Class Subject Semester Paper Course Course Code

-

B.Sc. Botany VI I Practical 613

1.

Seed viability test.

2.

To determine the rate of respiration.

3.

To determine the RQ of different substrate.

4.

Seed germination studies under varying condition.

5.

Bio-assay of auxin, cytokinin, GA ABA and ethylene using appropriate plant material.

6.

Demonstration of the technique of micropropagation by using different excision, e.g. axillary buds. Shoot meritstems.

7.

Demonstration of the technique of anther culture.

8.

Isolation of protoplasts from different tissues using commercially available enzymes.

9.

Demonstration of root and shoot formation from apical portion of stem segments in liquid medium containing different hormones.

10.

To study percentage of seed germination.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.) Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes (Session 2010-11) Marks – 50 Class Subject Semester Paper Course Code

-

B.Sc. Botany VI II (Practical) 613

Suggested Laboratory Exercises :

1. Survey of aquatic manophytes. 2. Study of physicochemical properties of water : pH, dissolved CO2, hardness etc. 3. To study the structure of forest and grassland vegetation : Frequency, Density, Abundance, Distributional pattern etc. 4. Measurement of diversity in forest and grassland vegetation. 5. To study dust holding capacity of plants. 6. To study the adaptations in plants growing in different environment. 7. Exercise related to air and water pollution.

Suggested Reading (For both V & VI Sem.) : 1.

Singh, J.S., S.P. Singh and S.R. Gupta (2008). Ecology Environment and Resource conservation Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi.

2.

Odum, E.P. (1971) Fundamentals of Ecology, 3rd Edition Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia.

3.

Odum, E.P. (1975). Ecology, Oxford IBH Pub New Delhi.

4.

Odum, E.P. (1983) Basic Ecology Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia.

5.

Smith, R.L. (1966) Ecology and field Biology. Harper Collins college Publisher Inc., New York.

6.

Misra, R. (1968) Ecology workbook. Oxford IBH Pub. Co., New Delhi.

7.

De, A.K. (1987) Environmental Chemistry. Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.

8.

Adoni, A.D. (1985) Workbook on Limnology, Pratibha Pub., Sagar.

9.

di Castri, F. and T. Younes (1996) Biodiversity, Science and Development IUBS, France.

10.

Solbrig, O.T., H.M. Emden and Van Oordt P.A.W.J. (1992) Biodiversity and Global change, IUBS, France.

11.

Myers, N. et. al. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 416 : 853-856.

Smile Life

When life gives you a hundred reasons to cry, show life that you have a thousand reasons to smile

Get in touch

© Copyright 2015 - 2024 PDFFOX.COM - All rights reserved.