1 Quantitative Methods for Health Care Professionals PUBH 741 – Section 2 (2014) Instructor: Joanne Garrett, PhD e-mail:
[email protected]
Assigned Readings: Copies of the class lectures are posted on Sakai under “Resources” / “Course Documents” / “Lectures”; you may want to print them off to bring to class. Read before class. Given the speed with which we will be covering the material, reading ahead will make it easier to keep up. See syllabus for pages (note: starting and stopping points for each class may not always be exact). There also are a few journal articles listed on the syllabus. These are mostly for reference. Suggested Texts: (No required text) See suggested recommendations listed on Sakai Schedule: Time: Thurs 12:00-2:00; Fri 10:00-12:00 Location: G074 Bondurant (All classes except for those noted below and for Stata classes) 132 MacNider (9/11, 10/9, 11/12) Stata class: Friday 8/22 (307 Health Sciences Library) Thurs 8/28 (G100 Bondurant) Grades: Problem Sets: 50% Final Exam: 50% Problem Sessions: These sessions will be used to discuss answers to problem sets, as well as any other questions, including computer help. (See the document on Problem Sessions on Sakai under “Resources” / “Course Information”). Course Goals: 1) Basics of statistical inference 2) Working knowledge of and ability to critique the most common analyses seen in the medical and other health care literature 3) Familiarity with the overlap between statistical and epidemiological terminology 4) Hands-on experience analyzing data sets from actual studies, thus gaining necessary skills to do many independent data analyses and/or better communicate with biostatisticians 5) Suggestions for writing/submitting journal articles and grant applications
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2 Software: Class examples and data sets will use Stata 13. Personal copies of Stata can be purchased. See Sakai for how to purchase Stata (“Resources” / “Course Information” / “Stata”). It is highly recommended that you purchase your own copy, particularly if you intend to do analyses beyond this course. Stata is also available for use on your computer via the campus virtual computer lab, or at the Odum Institute. The virtual lab version of Stata may not have all the capabilities available that you will have on your own copy. Additional Stata Resources: www.stata.com (main website for Stata) http://www.youtube.com/user/statacorp (Brief tutorials on the use of Stata) www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/ (UCLA site with helpful Stata information and tutorials) Also Google Joseph Cohen Stata videos—good step-by-step videos for absolute beginners
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3
Syllabus – 2014 Part 1: Overview of Data and Statistics Thurs 8/21 – Class 1 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: pp. 1.1-1.28 Topics: Class overview (format, schedule, syllabus, books, data sets, problems, exam, introduction to Stata) Definitions (descriptive/inferential statistics, types of data, graphs) Fri 8/22 – Stata session (307 Health Sciences Library) Thurs 8/28 – Stata session (G100 Bondurant) Note on Stata sessions: The first Stata session (8/22) will be held in room 307 in the Health Sciences Library and taught by Cathy Zimmer from the Odum Institute. The second session (8/28) will be held jointly with members of Section 1 of PUBH 741, and will be held in G100 Bondurant. It is a continuation of concepts presented during the first session. If you have loaded Stata on a laptop, you will find it useful to have your laptop in class. Fri 8/29 – Class 2 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part1.pdf; pp. 1.29-1.74 Topics: Central tendency and dispersion Normal distributions Thurs 9/04 – Class 3 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part1.pdf; pp. 1.75-1.121 Topics: Probability Binomial distribution Elements of statistical inference (population vs. sample, standard error) Fri 9/05 – Class 4 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part1.pdf; pp. 1.122-1.165 Topics: Elements of statistical inference – continued (hypothesis testing, type I and type II errors, one or two-tailed tests, confidence intervals, sample size)
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4 Part 1: Overview of Data and Statistics (cont.) Thurs 9/11 –Problem Session #1 (132 MacNider) Topics: Expectations and grading Part 1: Classes 1-4 Stata questions Loading ado files
Part 2: Bivariable Analysis Fri 9/12 – Class 5 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part2.pdf; pp. 2.1-2.47 Topics: 2 x 2 tables Measures of association (Pearson’s chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, risk ratios, odds ratios) Thurs 9/18 – Class 6 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part2.pdf; pp. 2.48-2.54; 2.75-2.109 [skip pp. 2.55-2.74] Article: Viera AJ, Garrett JM. Understanding Inter-observer Agreement: The Kappa Statistic. Fam Med, 2005;37(5):360-3. Topics: Stratified analysis Sample size calculations (difference of two proportions, risk ratios, odds ratios) R x C tables Kappa Fri 9/19 – Class 7 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part2.pdf; pp. 2.110-2.159 Topics: Comparing two groups (t-tests; sample size calculation) Comparing more than two groups (one-way ANOVA; sample size calculation) Thurs 9/25 – Class 8 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part2.pdf; pp. 2.160-2.213 Topics: Multiple testing Two repeated observations (paired t-test; sample size calculation) 2-sample t-test of differences Ranked data – non-parametric statistics (Wilcoxon rank-sum, Wilcoxon singed rank, Kruskall-Wallis)
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5 Part 3: Linear Regression Fri 9/26 – Class 9 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part3.pdf; pp. 3.1-3.56 Topics: Simple linear regression Correlation Multiple regression Thurs 10/02 – Problem Session #2 (G074 Bondurant) Topics: Part 2: Classes 5-8 Fri 10/03 – Class 10 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part3.pdf; pp. 3.57-3.90 Article: Maciejewski ML, Diehr P, Smith MA, Herbert P. Common Methodological Terms in Health Services Research. Medical Care, 2002;46(6):477-84. Topics: Multiple regression (cont.) Indicator variables Thurs 10/09 – Class 11 (132 MacNider) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part3.pdf; pp. 3.91-3.134 Topics: Indicator variables (cont.) Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) – introduction Fri 10/10 – Class 12 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part3.pdf; pp. 3.135-3.175 Topics: Analysis of covariance (cont.) Thurs 10/16 – Fall Break Fri 10/17 – Fall Break Thurs 10/23 – Class 13 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part3.pdf; pp. 3.176-3.227 Topics: Analysis of covariance (cont.) Regression modeling strategies (multiple linear regression, ANCOVA)
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6 Part 4: Logistic Regression / Survival Analysis Fri 10/24 – Class 14 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part4.pdf; pp. 4.1-4.40 Topics: Logistic regression (Model definition, logit function, interpretation of coefficients, hypothesis testing, likelihood ratio test, predicted values) Thurs 10/30 – Problem Session #3 (G074 Bondurant) Topics: Part 3: Classes 9-13 Fri 10/31 – Class 15 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part4.pdf; pp. 4.41-4.97 Topics: Logistic regression (Modeling disease-exposure relationship, confounding, adjusted proportions) Survival analysis (Censored data, survivor function, hazard functions, Kaplan-Meier plot) Thurs 11/06 – Class 16 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part4.pdf; pp. 4.98-4.137 Topics: Survival analysis (Log rank test, Cox model, hazard ratio, proportional hazards assumption)
Part 5: Miscellaneous Topics Fri 11/07 – Class 17 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part5.pdf; pp. 5.1-5.52 Article: Adams G, Gulliford MC, Obioha CU, Eldridge S, Chinn S, Campbell MJ. Patterns of intraclass correlation from primary care research to inform study design and analysis. J of Clin Epidemiol, 2004;57:785-794 Topics: Cluster designs (intraclass correlation) Categorizing linear variables Thurs 11/13 – Problem Session #4 (132 MacNider) Topics: Part 4: Classes 14-16 Logistic regression and survival analysis
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7 Part 5: Miscellaneous Topics (cont.) Fri 11/14 – Class 18 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part5.pdf; pp. 5.53-5.98 Topics: Transformations of Y Transformations of X Thurs 11/20 – Class 19 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part5.pdf; pp. 5.99-5.133 Article: Sun G, Shook TL, Kay GL. Inappropriate use of bivariable analysis to screen risk factors for use in multivariable analysis. J of Clin Epidemiol, 1996;49(8):907-916 Topics: Analysis strategies for developing a model Fri 11/21 – Class 20 (G074 Bondurant) Lecture notes: PUBH741-Part5_Tables.pdf; pp. 5.134-5.149 Articles: Cummings P, Rivara FP. Reporting statistical information in medical journal articles. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2003;157:321-324 Von Elm E, et.al. STROBE statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet, 2007;370:1453-1457/ Schulz K, et.al. CONSORT Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trials. BMJ, 2010;340:698-702 Piaggio G, et.al. Reporting of noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials; Extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement. JAMA, 2012;308(24):2594-2604 Topics: Analysis strategy examples of tables *** FINAL EXAM project given out Thurs 11/27 – Thanksgiving Fri 11/28 – Thanksgiving Fri 12/5 – EXAM DUE (10:00) Return to G074 Bondurant
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