Idea Transcript
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Risk Analysis and Contingency Planning In the context of policy & decision making
About the FAO Policy Learning Programme This programme aims at equipping high level officials from developing countries with cutting-edge knowledge and strengthening their capacity to base their decisions on sound consideration and analysis of policies and strategies both at home and in the context of strategic international developments. Related resources • See all material prepared for the FAO Policy Learning Programme • See the FAO Policy Learning Website: http://www.fao.org/tc/policy-learning/en/
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Risk Analysis and Contingency Planning By
Patrick Otto, Animal Health Officer (Veterinary Public Health), Animal Health Service of the
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
About EASYPol The EASYPol home page is available at: www.fao.org/easypol This presentation belongs to a set of modules which are part of the EASYPol Resource package: FAO Policy Learning Programme : Specific policy issues: Risk analysis and contengency planning EASYPol is a multilingual repository of freely downloadable resources for policy making in agriculture, rural development and food security. The resources are the results of research and field work by policy experts at FAO. The site is maintained by FAO’s Policy Assistance Support Service, Policy and Programme Development Support Division, FAO.
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Objectives
Biosecurity module – risk analysis
Define risk analysis and its application Outline the key components of risk analysis and provide a brief overview of the risk analysis process Identify key players in risk analysis process Risk analysis principles
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Introduction
What is Risk Analysis? A process performed to understand the nature of unwanted, negative consequences to health; and to identify and consider the options for preventing or minimising the negative consequences.
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A HAZARD is... A biological, chemical or physical agent with the potential to cause an adverse health effect.
RISK is The likelihood (probability) i.e. how likely is it to happen? and
(HPAI) H5N1 virus
the impact on health i.e. how sever? RISK = Probability x Severity
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Components of Risk Analysis
I. Risk Assessment
II. Risk Management
III. Risk Communication
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Risk Analysis Framework
Risk Assessment *Science - based
Risk Management *Policy based
Risk Communication *Interactive exchange of information and opinions concerning risks
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I. Risk Assessment
A scientific process (in the context of health) – consists of 4 steps:
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1. Identify the Hazard
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2. Describe the Hazard (characterisation)
E.g for bacteria growth requirements/characteristics mode of transmission host range vulnerabilities survival
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3. Assess exposure i.e. the degree of intake or contact likely to occur
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4. Describe the risk - (characterisation)
i.e what is the most likely health impact for the population?
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II. Risk Management
Involves considering policy options to accept, minimise or reduce risks and to select and implement appropriate options
1. IDENTIFY Risk Management Options (RMOs)
2. EVALUATE Risk Management Options (RMOs)
4. MONITOR & REVIEW
3. IMPLEMENT Risk Management Decision
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Examples of Risk Management Options (RMOs)
culling & burning
Restricted zones
Decontamination
quarantine
Vaccination
Vehicle disinfection
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Question:
“Are there any other RMOs to control animal diseases?”
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III. Risk Communication
Interactive information exchange among risk assessors, risk managers and other stakeholders. An integral and ongoing part of all stages of risk analysis. Should be agreed between risk assessors and managers early in the process.
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Risk Communication Strategy
Question: Who presents information to the public (i.e. who do the public trust, how should it will be done?) Consider ‘risk perceptions’
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Summary – risk analysis
A process made up of 3 components – risk assessment, risk management & risk communication; Helps to identify risks and to analyse RMOs; Risk communication - an interactive process, requires a strategy.
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Contingency Planning
Biosecurity module – contingency planning
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Contingency Planning (defined)
The development and maintenance of a framework for responding to suspected and confirmed incidences with significant consequences for public health, safety or welfare e.g. outbreak of exotic human, plant disease or serious food contamination. Includes the arrangements, structures, systems, and individual and group responsibilities.
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Outline
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Contingency planning – aims and context Contingency Planning or Emergency Preparedness A Contingency Plan framework Contingency Planning – Organization Alert Levels
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1. Contingency Planning - Aims : Protect human, animal and plant health; Minimise economic loss e.g. the number of animals which need to be culled either to control the disease or on welfare grounds, Minimise the disruption of the food supply chain, and related industries; Protect livelihoods; Minimise damage to the environment.
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1. Contingency Planning - context
Part of wider prevention measures, including: improved surveillance of animal disease, preventing illegal movement of animals, plants or food; improved bio-security in farms and markets, and; general education and raising awareness – for farmers and the rural community on measures to improve farm hygiene and bio-security to reduce the risk of disease.
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2. Contingency Planning or Emergency Preparedness
Part of emergency planning. Intended to ensure; Capability to initiate and take appropriate/timely actions to support the response. the right institutions/organisations and stakeholders are notified, briefed, and engaged to respond.
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3. A Contingency Plan framework
1. IMPACT Assessment
6.Review
5.Maintenance
2. Develop Plan
3.Testing
4.Training
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4. Contingency Planning - Organization
Approaches may vary but a clear structure helps to ensure; effective coordination; efficient response; clear communication lines; clear understanding of roles and responsibilities; decisions made at the right level - and communicated efficiently.
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Typical Multi-Level Command & Response Structure
STRATEGIC
TACTICAL
Operational
TACTICAL
Operational
Operational
Operational
Operational
Operational
Forward Ops Base (FOB)
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FAO Crisis Management Centre (Animal Health) Organisation Structure Resources for policy making
CMC Manager Deputy CMC Manager CMC Admin Assistant
CMC Planning (Surveillance) Manager
CMC Communications Officer
CMC Operations (Response) Manager
CMC Logistics Officer
CMC Finance & Admin Officer
Situation reporting Officer (*)
CMC Operations Coordinator
ICT officer
Budget clerk
Disease Intelligence Officer (*)
Mission deployment officer
Procurement officer
Operations clerk (*)
CMC rapid deployment technical team (*) CMC rapid deployment operations team (*)
= veterrinary profile = general operations
note: the structure can accommodate growth depending on the nature of the demand for CMC services in the areas indicated (*)
= comunication © FAO 2009 = administration
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4. Organisation (cont’d)
Strategic Level Provides:
overall strategic oversight direction to the tactical level responses teams a forum to review strategies (in a wider Government context) – e.g. a Civil Contingencies Committee (CCC) – involving all relevant departments, Tactical Level Translates advice from strategic level into practical instructions for operational personnel; Advice and coordination for those dealing with the incidence at local level.
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4. Organisation (cont’d)
Operational level implement prevention and control/prevention measures in accordance with tactical level advice and guidance; report on the progress of the incidence and the control measures to the Tactical level.
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5. Alert Levels
Alert levels are useful: Different approaches but same objective; Each level clearly defined; Helps ensure appropriate response and resources; To rationalize use of resources; Decisions to escalate, downgrade or stand-down the response - based on clear criteria and evidence;
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Summary – contingency planning
An essential part of risk management Supports emergency preparedness and response Aims to protect human, animal and plant health; to minimise disruption of the food chain and food supplies, protect livelihoods, damage to the environments ..etc Approaches vary but a structured approach is preferable; Alert levels help ensure appropriate response and resource levels are deployed.
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Further readings Risk Management and food safety – WHO/FAO Application of risk analysis to food standards issues – WHO/FAO Expert Committee, Geneva, 13 – 17 March 1995 Risk Assessment Of Microbiological Hazards In Foods Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation Geneva, Switzerland, 15 to 19 March 1999 Evaluation Du Risque Microbiologique Dans Les Aliments Rapport de la Consultation mixte d’experts FAO/OMS Genève (Suisse) 15-19 mars 1999
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