Sea Bream - Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences [PDF]

season, to Ovogenesis period; (which comes next to the end of hatching period) a protection diet is applied. Daily feeding rate is about 1Y1.5% of total weight (biomass). Enriched diet to serve as main feed for gametogenesis needs during hatching period. Dry pellet used at this diet, most exceed the potentials of important ...

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