Idea Transcript
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Table of Contents 1
Introduction......................................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose.................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Assumptions and Limitations................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Summary of Facility and Service Scope................................................................................... 2
2
Management Considerations ..........................................................................................3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5
3
Local Government Act (2002).................................................................................................. 3 Local Governance Statement (2007): ...................................................................................... 3 Long Term Council Community Plan (LTCCP) (2006) .............................................................. 3 Other Legislation and Assessment .......................................................................................... 4 Other Relevant Matters ........................................................................................................... 5
Current Social Services Profile .......................................................................................6 3.1 Current Population Summary .................................................................................................. 6 3.2 Current Service and Facility Provision within the District........................................................... 6 3.3 Current Service and Facility Provision within the township........................................................ 9
4
Trends and Growths ......................................................................................................14 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4
Likely Future Population Summary ........................................................................................ 14 Generic requirements for the District...................................................................................... 15 Future Service and Facility Requirements for each town ........................................................ 15 Table 4-3 Summary of future Service and Facility Requirements for each town....................... 19
5
Implications of Growth and Strategic Opportunities....................................................21
6
Guiding principles for the development of the Waipa Structure Plan .........................23
7
Recommendations for Further Work ............................................................................26 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5
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Backfill data gaps.................................................................................................................. 26 Development of a hierarchy of townships............................................................................... 26 Mapping of services and facilities .......................................................................................... 26 Understanding Demand ........................................................................................................ 27 Comprehensive Needs Analysis ............................................................................................ 27
Bibliography...................................................................................................................28
Appendices Appendix A – Waikato Primary Health Organisation Medical Centres Appendix B – Waipa Reserves List Appendix C – List Early Education, Primary & Secondary Schools Appendix D – List of District Halls Appendix E – List of all Waipa District Reserves
1
Introduction
The Waipa District covers an approximate area of 1,470 km2 and is predominantly rural in nature. Waipa consists of two main towns - Cambridge and Te Awamutu and a number of small close knit communities including Ohaupo, Pirongia, Kihikihi, Ngahinapouri and Karapiro. Areas of significance such as Lake Karapiro, Mystery Creek Events Centre, Hamilton Airport and Maungatautari are important to the Districts’ social, economic and environmental future. In a wider context the District is well positioned with State Highways 1 and 3 running through it and equidistant to the country’s largest export ports (Tauranga and Auckland). Good rail and road infrastructure connect existing and future commercial areas within the Waipa District. The limited supply and affordability of land in Hamilton City has created pressure for growth (residential, commercial and industrial) in the Waipa District. Residential development is occurring in locations and at intensities not anticipated or previously planned for (i.e. north and east of the proposed Cambridge bypass). Prime agricultural land and Waipa’s outstanding landscape features are at risk from rural and rural residential subdivision, particularly on the periphery of Hamilton and around Cambridge, Te Awamutu, Kihikihi, Pirongia, Ohaupo and Ngahinapouri. Population growth in and around Cambridge and Te Awamutu has the potential to impact on the qualities of and the way these urban areas function. The unforeseen pace of development (in Cambridge in particular) has created infrastructure issues. As this population grows and changes, the nature and needs of its residents change also. The approaches to social service delivery are becoming increasingly diverse and responsive to local context. Increasingly communities are being asked to accommodate the chronically ill and through design, engagement with health (and other) agencies and a broader focus on preventative measures are taking a more active role in the health of their people. However, planning tools are struggling to catch up and too often assume a standardised (i.e. institutional) model of delivery. This profile statement examines the strategic role of social infrastructure planning in the context of current national and local policy objectives and desired social outcomes for the District. It provides an overview of services and facilities currently provided in the Waipa District. The scope for this profile statement is consideration of the Waipa District health, education, community and recreational services, and identification of any gaps in provision that will assist in meeting the likely future needs of the Waipa community. The population projections are based on outcomes of the draft Waipa District Demographic Profile Statement2008 (Demographics paper) prepared by Beca - May 2008, and discussions with key Council and Governmental Departments. With regards to public reserves, this profile statement records the current levels of service based on Council’s adopted policy, and comments on how this is affected by projected demand (and its locations).
1.1
Purpose
This profile statement provides a snap shot of the Social Services provided in Waipa and outlines the current provision of service. It identifies service gaps, associated management / legislative issues that require consideration and discusses future demand for services within the District.
1.2
Assumptions and Limitations
The following limitations apply: n
n
The current supply of schools (particularly for Cambridge and/or Te Awamutu) has been assessed using school postal addresses, some schools located outside of Cambridge have a Cambridge postal address and therefore have been included as being in Cambridge. There is currently a lack of information on the provision of some health and community facilities and services in the area
1
n n
Information gaps and missing data as identified throughout the profile statement. Population data and forecasts are based on Census NZ 2006 and Statistics New Zealand high growth scenario projections. The high growth scenario projections were used rather than the Waikato University Statistics as Census information is available at the Census Area Unit, whereas the Waikato University data is available at the District level. Population information is generally based on the draft Waipa District Demographic Profile Statement (Demographics paper) prepared by Beca- May 2008 and assumptions therein. It should be noted that population projections have not been examined at the meshblock level and that detailed location trends have not been investigated.
1.3
Summary of Facility and Service Scope
The purpose of this section is to give a snapshot of the current services and facilities available in the area. Table 1-1, below groups facilities by type and sub-type and the following sections provide detailed information on each of these social infrastructure “facilities and services” relative to each type. Table 1-1 Summary of Facility and Service Scope
Type
Sub-type facilities and services
Recreation
§ § § § § §
Actively Maintained Reserves Neighbourhood Reserves Conservation Reserves Premier Reserves Sports Reserves Grazed Reserves
Health
§ § § §
Public Hospitals Public Health Organisation Registered GP’s/Health Centres Rest homes/ Retirement Centres (with/without medical services)
Education
§ § § § § § §
Early Childcare Primary School Secondary School Tertiary Sector Libraries Swimming Pools Community Halls
Community Programs and Meeting Space
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2
Management Considerations
This section provides a summary of the main legislative and policy considerations for this work.
2.1
Local Government Act (2002)
The purpose of the Local Government Act (LGA) is to provide for democratic and effective local Government that recognises the diversity of New Zealand communities. The Act provides a framework and powers for local authorities to decide which activities they undertake and the manner in which they undertake them. The LGA promotes the accountability of local authorities to their communities; and provides for local authorities to play a broad role in promoting the social, economic, environmental and cultural well-being of their communities, taking a sustainable development approach. Enacted in 2002, the LGA allows Councils to be involved in a wider range of activities than previously and encourages collaboration between Councils, their communities and other service providers. It is via the Local Government Act and direction set in the Long Term Council Community Plans (LTCCP’s) (10 Year Plans) that Councils are mandated to act in a range of social, health and community services that otherwise (if not expressly provided for in statute) they might not.
2.2
Local Governance Statement (2007):
A Local Governance Statement is a collection of information about the processes through which Council engages with its residents, how the Council makes decisions and how citizens can influence these processes. Council is required to produce such a statement by section 40 of the Local Government Act 2002. The Waipa District Council’s mission statement is “to promote the well-being and health of the people of Waipa District” and is achieved by one of its main goals “to provide services and/or actively support Community Boards, community and welfare organisations in meeting the physical, recreational, employment, cultural and social needs of the residents of the District”. The Council has defined the areas of activity it will be involved in and which significant activities will be undertaken. These are identified within councils 10 year plan (LTCCP).
2.3
Long Term Council Community Plan (LTCCP) (2006)
The LGA requires Councils to prepare 10 year plans (also called LTCCP’s) outlining their funding and expenditure priorities and significant policies. Community outcomes (desires the community has) form part of the LTCCP (reviewed in 2007). Outcomes relevant to this profile statement are as follows: (D) Healthy and Active Waipa We have healthy, active lifestyles with access to a range of health, educational and recreational facilities and services. Housing is affordable, and we feel safe in our communities. For Waipa this means that: 1.
A good range of fun recreational spaces, playgrounds, facilities and family friendly areas are available, well planned, affordable, accessible and youth focussed
2.
Quality educational opportunities at all levels are locally accessible and planned for future growth
3.
Community services are coordinated, and delivered effectively and efficiently to maximise resources while meeting the needs of our residents
4.
Everyone has access to affordable quality health and childcare services
5.
Maori enjoy the same quality of health, education, housing, employment and economic outcomes as non-Maori
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2.4
6.
Families and caregivers are protected and valued, and our communities accept responsibility for our children and other vulnerable members
7.
The importance of Te Reo is recognised and promoted through promotion and support of appropriate educational facilities
Other Legislation and Assessment
2.4.1 Reserves Act (1977) The Reserves Act is administered by the Department of Conservation (DOC). Its purpose is to provide for the preservation and management for the benefit and enjoyment of the public areas of New Zealand and ensuring the survival of all indigenous species of Flora and Fauna, and the preservation of access for the public, to and along the sea coast. The Reserves Act provides for the acquisition of land for reserves, and the classification and management of reserves (including leases and licences). Many Council Reserves are classified under the Reserves Act – which provides for these to be administered by the relevant local authority. 2.4.2 Health Act 1956 The Health Act 1956 gives the Ministry of Health the function of improving, promoting and protecting public health. It contains specific provisions in section 22 governing the disclosure of health information about identifiable individuals by and between health service providers and other agencies with statutory functions. The Health Act is an Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to public health, and covers the following parts that particularly pertain to the Waipa District Social Services Profile: n n n n
Part 1 Administration: Health Districts Part 2 Powers and Duties of Local Authorities Part 2A Drinking Water Part 6 Regulations which relate to the general provision of medical services and maintenance of public health, amenities, individual care, and other general regulations related to health administration and provisions.
The Act particularly relates to Waipa in regard to water quality, Fluoride content, parasitic infection including Cryptosporidium, and other health issues associated with smoking and ageing and health care access. The Health Act is administered by the Ministry of Health and designated Medical Officers of Health or Health Protection Officers. 2.4.3 Sale of Liquor Act 1989 The Sale of Liquor Act 1989 is the legislation governing the sale and supply of alcohol in New Zealand, to establish a reasonable system of control over the sale and supply of liquor to the public with the aim of contributing to the reduction in liquor abuse, so far as that can be achieved by legislative means. Since the introduction of the Act in 1989, a number of amendments have been passed, covering such issues as: n n n n n n n n n
Drinking Age Drinking Under the Minimum Age Evidence of Age Sale of Beer in Supermarkets Sunday Trading Host Responsibility (Applications, Conditions, Promotions) Changes to the Liquor Licensing System Vineyards- introduced in 2004 this amendment enables vineyards to sell their own wine on Easter Sunday Licensing Trusts - introduced in 2004 this amendment enables Licensing Trusts to continue to operate
4
n
Controlled Purchase Operations (CPOs)- introduced in 2004 this amendment places CPOs on a legal footing. Councils have a key role administering the Sale of Liquor Act – particularly through their licensing of premises. 2.4.4 Food Act 1981 Food is regulated under the Food Act 1981 and delegated legislation under that Act. The Food Act 1981: n n n n n
Defines relevant terms, such as, food and sale Outlines prohibitions on sale (including unfit food) Prohibits misleading labelling and advertising Provides powers of enforcement and offences Contains provisions to make regulations and food standards.
Food regulations and standard made under the Food Act 1981 are: n n n n
2.5
Food (safety) Regulation 2002 New Zealand Food Standards 2002 Emergency Food Standards Dietary Supplement regulations (1985)
Other Relevant Matters
There are a number of matters in addition to the aforementioned statutes that to varying degrees inform social policy in the District: 2.5.1 Waste Management and Utilities Services Profile Statement The Waste Management and Utilities Services Profile Statement, prepared by Beca for the Waipa District Council, offers a recent snapshot of waste management, utilities and services in the region, the implications of future growth and the strategic opportunities and constraints due to growth. 2.5.2 Water and Sanitary Services Assessment Part 7 of the Local Government Act 2002 requires all Territorial Authorities to carry out assessments of Water and Sanitary Services. The primary purpose of these assessments is to ensure that public health is adequately protected. The legislative requirement reflects concerns of Government agencies that, in some parts of New Zealand, little thought has been given to the ability to provide sustainable water and sanitary services of an acceptable standard for the future. 2.5.3 2006 Index of Deprivation Waikato District Health Board (May 2008) This profile statement describes the diversity of deprivation within the Waikato District Health Board (DHB) region using, as a proxy, the New Zealand Index of Deprivation from the 2006 Census (NZDep2006). This index assigns a deprivation score to areas determined by Census data including welfare benefits, household incomes, telephone access, car access, family makeup, qualifications, home ownership and household crowding. Decile scores of 1-10 are assigned based on these variables, where 1 represents the least deprived (best off) and 10 the most deprived (worst off) areas. Instead of using a 10-point scale, the Waikato DHB report uses a scale of 1-5 (called the quintile scale), which combines the decile scores into five groups (i.e. a quintile score of 1 represents deciles 1-2 etc), with 1 still being the least deprived (best off), and 5 the most deprived (worst off) areas. There is a known relationship between high deprivation and worse health outcomes including higher mortality rates and higher rates of disease. Thus, areas of high deprivation indicate areas of greatest health need and health services should be targeted appropriately. Waikato DHB has a higher percentage of people living in areas of highest need, than New Zealand as a whole, for instance, 24% of the Waikato DHB population live in a quintile 5 area, compared to 20% of the New Zealand population.
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Waipa In Waipa similar proportions live in a quintile 1 (27%) and quintile 2 (28%) area, compared with only 7% in quintile 5. Over half of the European population live in a quintile 1 or 2 area, compared to a third of Maori in either of these areas. Almost half of the Maori population live in either a quintile 4 or 5 area, compared to a quarter of European. The highest proportions of each age group live in a quintile 1 or 2 area, the exception being those aged 65 years and over, where the highest proportion are in either a quintile 2 or 3 area.
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Current Social Services Profile
The Waipa District has two main urban areas: Te Awamutu & Kihikihi (combined as one urban area) and Cambridge with populations of approximately 12,700 and 13,300 residents respectively. Smaller rural centres of Ohaupo, Pirongia, Karapiro and Ngahinapouri provide for large hinterlands outside of these main urban areas.
3.1
Current Population Summary
A summary of the current population of the Waipa District is provided in Table 3-1. Table 3-1 Waipa District Population1
Township
Population (2006)
Te Awamutu (West, Central, East & South Census Area Units) Cambridge (North, West Central, Leamington West & East Census Area Units) Ohaupo (Census Area Unit)
9,777 12,936
Pirongia (Census Area Unit)
1,332
Kihikihi (including Kihikihi and Kihikihi Flat Census Area Units) Karapiro (Census Area Unit)
2,661
Other (Census Area Units)
12,810
Total
42,501
426
2,559
Source: Information based on 2006 Census Usual Resident Data for Waipa District Census Area Units. These census area units do not directly reflect the urban boundaries.
3.2 n n
n
n n n
Current Service and Facility Provision within the District The population of the Waipa District was 42,501 at the time of the 2006 Census. The usual resident population is older than the rest of the Waikato region, with a median age of 38 years, compared to 35 years both regionally and nationally. Furthermore, the proportion of the population aged 65 years and over is 14%, higher than the national average of 12%. The resident population identifies more as European (80%) than the rest of the Waikato Region (70%), and New Zealand (68%). However, this proportion varies within the District, with a higher proportion of residents identifying as Maori in Kihikihi (37%) and Tokanui (47%). The gender distribution of the population is fairly evenly split at the District level, being 49% male and 51% female. Noteworthy is the significantly higher proportion of females in Ohaupo (58%). 37% of 2006 Waipa residents lived in Waipa in 2001. The median income in 2006 for Waipa District was $54,100. The majority of eligible residents were employed (67%). 2% were unemployed. Approximately 7% of Waipa residents were between 0-4 years in 2006, 15% between 5-14 years and 12% over 65 years
Note: Census area units (from which these figures are derived) do not correspond directly to Town boundaries and therefore figures will not exactly reflect town populations. 1
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3.2.1 Recreational facilities and services Waipa’s total reserve provision is 3,534 hectares (this includes Maungatautari at 2,566ha). Reserves are distributed and categorised as follows: n Premier 45.9ha n
Sports 120.7ha n Neighbourhood 18.6ha n Amenity 120.6ha n Conservation 2,767.5ha (includes Maungatautari at 2,566ha) n Grazed 460.8ha Council has stated the following Levels of Service targets: n Active Reserve (Premier and Sports) 7.2ha/1,000 residents n
Conservation Reserve (Conservation and Grazed) 10ha/1,000 residents (excluding Maungatautari) Playground Reserves (Neighbourhood and Amenity) – Review recommended. By national standards this is a relatively high level of service. n
In Rural Areas (including Pirongia, Kakepuku and Maungatautari wards): n There are 48 reserves of which 24 are actively maintained making up 3,117ha (not maintained) and 66.8ha (maintained) respectively. n Rural areas are served mainly with conservation or grazed land reserves with some sports reserves at the townships. n Conservation Reserve provision in these rural areas is very high, mainly due to Maungatautari reserve. It should be noted that Conservation areas provide for the needs of the whole District (and wider). n Provision of actively maintained reserves is at lower rates in rural areas than urban areas. n Similarly, provision of sports reserves is relatively low as rural residents utilise centrally located Te Awamutu and Cambridge facilities. n The Finlay Park adventure camp is located on the Waikato River near Karapiro.
3.2.2 Health facilities and services Waipa District forms part of the Waikato District Health Board (DHB) service area (which includes 9 other Territorial Local Authority’s (TLA’s)). n There are 4 Primary Health Organisations (PHO’s) in the Waikato DHB; Waikato, North Waikato Toi Ora Coalition and Hauraki. n There are no Hospitals in the District (although there is a maternity and continuing care facility in Te Awamutu). There are however, 6 Public Hospitals within the Waikato DHB that serve the Waikato Region; Waikato (located in Hamilton), Morrinsville, Te Kuiti, Tokoroa, Taumauranui and Thames Hospitals. Waikato Hospital provides the most comprehensive cover. n The only 24 hour care/emergency care other than the Hospitals is the Anglesea Clinic in Hamilton. Key Waikato health issues are: n Higher rates of mortality due to cerebrovascular disease n Higher non-compliance with drinking water quality n Higher than average percentage of adults n Higher than average rates of cryptosporidiosis n Non fluoridated water supplies n Population projected to increase. Other issues include a Maori population with higher than average rates of decayed, missing and filled teeth, large number of female Smokers between 15-24 and mental & behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use. The Non Maori population has higher than average rates of mortality in younger age-classes (