Idea Transcript
Society, Economy, and Government Latin America pp 53-81 | Cite as Robert C. Williamson There are no affiliations available Chapter 1 Downloads
Abstract Inherent in any culture are given social categories or subcultures—race or ethnicity, social class, gender, position in the life cycle, among others. Equally basic in the functioning of any society or culture are the social institutions. The most universal or indispensable are how we make a living or the economy and socializing agencies, predominantly the family, and in more advanced societies the educational institution. A means of control is the political institution. Religion and recreation provide for the satisfaction of still other needs. As explained in chapters 1 and 3, Latin American social institutions stem mainly from European and indigenous ingredients, with an African heritage in areas such as Brazil and the Caribbean. As in most of the world, subcultures and institutions alternate between stability and change. In this chapter we analyze ethnicity, social class, the economy, and the political order. Later chapters will explore other institutions.
Preview Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF. Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes 1.
Enrique González, El Laberinto Cultural Venezolano (Caracas: Editorial Tropykos, 1997). Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=El%20Laberinto%20Cultural%20Venezolano&author=E.%20Gonz%C3%A1lez&publication_year=1997)
2.
Franciscco Romero Estrada, “Factores Que Provocarn las Migracioness de Chinmos, Japmes y Coreanos hacia México: Siglos XIX y XX,” Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 2001, 43, 141–153. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Factores%20Que%20Provocarn%20las%20Migracioness%20de%20Chinmos%2C%20Japmes%20y%20Coreanos%20hacia%20M%C3 %A9xico%3A%20Siglos%20XIX%20y%20XX&author=FR.%20Estrada&journal=Revista%20de%20Ciencias%20Sociales&volume=43&pa ges=141-153&publication_year=2001)
3.
Alexander S. Dawson, “From Models for the Nation to Model Citizens: Indigismo and the ‘Revindication’ of the Mexican Indian,” Journal of Latin American Studies, 1998, 30, 279–308. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X98005057) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=From%20Models%20for%20the%20Nation%20to%20Model%20Citizens%3A%20Indigismo%20and%20the%20%E2%80%98Revind ication%E2%80%99%20of%20the%20Mexican%20Indian&author=AS.%20Dawson&journal=Journal%20of%20Latin%20American%20Stu dies&volume=30&pages=279-308&publication_year=1998)
4.
Natividad Gutiérrez, “What Indians Say about Mestizos: A Critical View of a Cultural Archetype of Mexican Nationalism,” Bulletin of Latin American Research, 1998, 17, 285–301. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.1998.tb00126.x) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=What%20Indians%20Say%20about%20Mestizos%3A%20A%20Critical%20View%20of%20a%20Cultural%20Archetype%20of%20M exican%20Nationalism&author=N.%20Guti%C3%A9rrez&journal=Bulletin%20of%20Latin%20American%20Research&volume=17&pages =285-301&publication_year=1998)
5.
Neil Harvey, The Chiapas Rebellion: The Struggle for Land and Democracy (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998), pp. 339–340. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=The%20Chiapas%20Rebellion%3A%20The%20Struggle%20for%20Land%20and%20Democracy&author=N.%20Harvey&publication _year=1998)
6.
Mzría C. and Obregón R., “La Rebelión Zapatista en Chiapas: Antecedents, Causas y Desarrollo de su Primera Fase,” Mexican Studies, 1997,13(1), 149–163. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.2307/1051869) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=La%20Rebeli%C3%B3n%20Zapatista%20en%20Chiapas%3A%20Antecedents%2C%20Causas%20y%20Desarrollo%20de%20su%20 Primera%20Fase&author=C.%20Mzr%C3%ADa&author=R.%20Obreg%C3%B3n&journal=Mexican%20Studies&volume=13&issue=1&pag es=149-163&publication_year=1997)
7.
Victoria Sanford, Buried Secrets: Truth and Human Rights in Guatemala (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004). Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Buried%20Secrets%3A%20Truth%20and%20Human%20Rights%20in%20Guatemala&author=V.%20Sanford&publication_year=2004 )
8.
Robert Albro, “Introduction: A New Time and Place for Bolivian Politics,” Ethnology, 1998, 37(2), 99–118. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.2307/3773999) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Introduction%3A%20A%20New%20Time%20and%20Place%20for%20Bolivian%20Politics&author=R.%20Albro&journal=Ethnolog y&volume=37&issue=2&pages=99-118&publication_year=1998)
9.
David Cleary, “ ‘Lost Altogether to the Civilized World’: Race and Cabanagem in Northern Brazil, 1750 to 1850,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1998, 10, 109–134. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=%E2%80%98Lost%20Altogether%20to%20the%20Civilized%20World%E2%80%99%3A%20Race%20and%20Cabanagem%20in%2 0Northern%20Brazil%2C%201750%20to%201850&author=D.%20Cleary&journal=Comparative%20Studies%20in%20Society%20and%20 History&volume=10&pages=109-134&publication_year=1998)
10.
John Burdick, “What is the Color of the Holy Sprit? Pentecostalism and Black Identity in Brazil,” Latin American Research Review, 1999, 34(2), 109–131. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=What%20is%20the%20Color%20of%20the%20Holy%20Sprit%3F%20Pentecostalism%20and%20Black%20Identity%20in%20Brazil &author=J.%20Burdick&journal=Latin%20American%20Research%20Review&volume=34&issue=2&pages=109131&publication_year=1999)
11.
Ilka Boaventura Lerte, Negros no Sul do Brasil: Invisibilidade e Terretorialidade (Santa Catariina: Letras Contemorâneas, 1996). Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Negros%20no%20Sul%20do%20Brasil%3A%20Invisibilidade%20e%20Terretorialidade&author=IB.%20Lerte&publication_year=199 6)
12.
Francisco Vidal Luna and Herbert S. Klein, “Slave Economy and Society in Minaus and São Paulo, Brazil 1830,” Journal of Latin American Studies, 2004, 36, 1–18. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X03007053) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Slave%20Economy%20and%20Society%20in%20Minaus%20and%20S%C3%A3o%20Paulo%2C%20Brazil%201830&author=FV.%2 0Luna&author=HS.%20Klein&journal=Journal%20of%20Latin%20American%20Studies&volume=36&pages=118&publication_year=2004)
13.
Michael J. Mitchell and Charles H. Wood, “Ironies of Citizenship: Skin Color, Police Brutality, and the Challenge of Police Brutality in Brazil,” Social Forces, 1998, 77, 1001–1020. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/77.3.1001) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Ironies%20of%20Citizenship%3A%20Skin%20Color%2C%20Police%20Brutality%2C%20and%20the%20Challenge%20of%20Polic e%20Brutality%20in%20Brazil&author=MJ.%20Mitchell&author=CH.%20Wood&journal=Social%20Forces&volume=77&pages=10011020&publication_year=1998)
14.
France Windance Twine, Racism in a Racial Democracy: The Maintenance of a White Supremacy in Brazil (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997), pp. 139–141. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Racism%20in%20a%20Racial%20Democracy%3A%20The%20Maintenance%20of%20a%20White%20Supremacy%20in%20Brazil& author=FW.%20Twine&publication_year=1997)
15.
Mary Weismantel and Stephen F. Eisenmanm, “Race in the Andes: Global Movements and Popular Ontologies,” Bulletin of Latin American Research, 1998, 17, 121–142. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.1998.tb00168.x) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Race%20in%20the%20Andes%3A%20Global%20Movements%20and%20Popular%20Ontologies&author=M.%20Weismantel&author =SF.%20Eisenmanm&journal=Bulletin%20of%20Latin%20American%20Research&volume=17&pages=121-142&publication_year=1998)
16.
Winthrop R. Wright, Café con Leche: Race, Class, and National Image in Venezuela (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990), p. 5. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Caf%C3%A9%20con%20Leche%3A%20Race%2C%20Class%2C%20and%20National%20Image%20in%20Venezuela&author=WR. %20Wright&publication_year=1990)
17.
Lourdes Martínez-Echázbal, “Mestizaje and the Discourse of National, Cultural Identity in Latin America, 1845–1959,” Latin American Perspectives, 1998, 23(3), 21–42. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X9802500302) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Mestizaje%20and%20the%20Discourse%20of%20National%2C%20Cultural%20Identity%20in%20Latin%20America%2C%201845 %E2%80%931959&author=L.%20Mart%C3%ADnezEch%C3%A1zbal&journal=Latin%20American%20Perspectives&volume=23&issue=3&pages=21-42&publication_year=1998)
18.
Scott H. Beck and Kenneth J. Mijeski, “Idena Self-Identity in Ecuador and the Rejection of Mestizaje,” Latin American Research Review, 2000, 35(1), 119–137. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Idena%20SelfIdentity%20in%20Ecuador%20and%20the%20Rejection%20of&author=SH.%20Beck&author=KJ.%20Mijeski&journal=Mestizaje%2C%E 2%80%9D%20Latin%20American%20Research%20Review&volume=35&issue=1&pages=119-137&publication_year=2000)
19.
Gerardo Otero, “The ‘Indian Question’ in Latin America: Class, State, and Ethnic Identity Construction,” Latin American Research Review, 2003, 38(1), 248–267. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2003.0010) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=The%20%E2%80%98Indian%20Question%E2%80%99%20in%20Latin%20America%3A%20Class%2C%20State%2C%20and%20Et hnic%20Identity%20Construction&author=G.%20Otero&journal=Latin%20American%20Research%20Review&volume=38&issue=1&page s=248-267&publication_year=2003)
20.
Marshall C. Eakin, Brazil: The Once and Future Country (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997), pp. 112–114. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Brazil%3A%20The%20Once%20and%20Future%20Country&author=MC.%20Eakin&publication_year=1997)
21.
Julio Ortega, La Cultura Peruana: Experiencia y Conciencia (Mexico, DF: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1978), p. 37. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=La%20Cultura%20Peruana%3A%20Experiencia%20y%20Conciencia&author=J.%20Ortega&publication_year=1978)
23.
Les W. Field, “Constructing Local Identities in a Revolutionary Nation: The Cultural Politics of the Artisan Class in Nicaragua 1979–1990,” American Ethnologist, 1995, 22, 786–806. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1995.22.4.02a00070) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Constructing%20Local%20Identities%20in%20a%20Revolutionary%20Nation%3A%20The%20Cultural%20Politics%20of%20the%2 0Artisan%20Class%20in%20Nicaragua%201979%E2%80%931990&author=LW.%20Field&journal=American%20Ethnologist&volume=22 &pages=786-806&publication_year=1995)
24.
Alejandro Portes and Kelly Hoffman, “Latin American Class Structures: Their Composition and Change during the Neoliberal Era,” Latin American Research Review, 2003, 38, 41–48. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2003.0011) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Latin%20American%20Class%20Structures%3A%20Their%20Composition%20and%20Change%20during%20the%20Neoliberal%20 Era&author=A.%20Portes&author=K.%20Hoffman&journal=Latin%20American%20Research%20Review&volume=38&pages=4148&publication_year=2003)
25.
John Humphrey, “Are the Unemployed Part of the Urban Poverty Problem in Latin America?” Journal of Latin American Studies, 1994, 26, 713–736. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X00008579) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Are%20the%20Unemployed%20Part%20of%20the%20Urban%20Poverty%20Problem%20in%20Latin%20America%3F&author=J.%2 0Humphrey&journal=Journal%20of%20Latin%20American%20Studies&volume=26&pages=713-736&publication_year=1994)
26.
Latin American Center, Statistical Abstract of Latin America (Los Angeles: University of California, 1999), p. 432. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Statistical%20Abstract%20of%20Latin%20America&publication_year=1999)
27.
Richard L. Williams and Kevin G. Guerrieri, Culture and Customs of Colombia (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999), pp. 5–6. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Culture%20and%20Customs%20of%20Colombia&author=RL.%20Williams&author=KG.%20Guerrieri&publication_year=1999)
28.
Charles Wagley, Amazon Town: A Study of Man in the Tropics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1953); Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Amazon%20Town%3A%20A%20Study%20of%20Man%20in%20the%20Tropics&author=C.%20Wagley&publication_year=1953)
Richard Pace, The Struggle for Amazon Town: Gurupá Revisited (Boulder, CO: Rienner Publishers, 1998), pp. 166–174. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=The%20Struggle%20for%20Amazon%20Town%3A%20Gurup%C3%A1%20Revisited&author=R.%20Pace&publication_year=1998) 29.
Robert C. Williamson, “Social Class, Mobility, and Modernism: Chileans and Social Change,” Sociology and Social Research, 1976, 56, 149–163. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Social%20Class%2C%20Mobility%2C%20and%20Modernism%3A%20Chileans%20and%20Social%20Change&author=RC.%20Will iamson&journal=Sociology%20and%20Social%20Research&volume=56&pages=149-163&publication_year=1997)
30.
Stephen D. Morris, “Reforming the Nation: Mexican Nationalism in Context,” Journal of Latin American Studies, 1999, 31, 363–397. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X99005313) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Reforming%20the%20Nation%3A%20Mexican%20Nationalism%20in%20Context&author=SD.%20Morris&journal=Journal%20of%2 0Latin%20American%20Studies&volume=31&pages=363-397&publication_year=1999)
31.
Richard M. Morse and Jorge E. Hardoy, Rethinking the Latin American City (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1992), pp. 31–35. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Rethinking%20the%20Latin%20American%20City&author=RM.%20Morse&author=JE.%20Hardoy&publication_year=1992)
32.
Mauricio Tenorio Trillo, “1910 Mexico City: Space and Nation in the City of the Centenario,” Journal of Latin American Studies, 1997, 29, 123–139. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=1910%20Mexico%20City%3A%20Space%20and%20Nation%20in%20the%20City%20of%20the%20Centenario&author=MT.%20Tri llo&journal=Journal%20of%20Latin%20American%20Studies&volume=29&pages=123-139&publication_year=1997)
33.
Néstor García Canclini, “Mexico: Cultural Globalization in a Disintegrating City,” American Ethnologist, 1995, 22, 743–755. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1995.22.4.02a00050) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Mexico%3A%20Cultural%20Globalization%20in%20a%20Disintegrating%20City&author=NG.%20Canclini&journal=American%20 Ethnologist&volume=22&pages=743-755&publication_year=1995)
35.
Karen Spalding, “Class Structures in the Southern Peruvian Highlands, 1750–1920,” in Benjamin S. Orlove and Glyn Custred (eds), Land and Lower in Latin America (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1980), pp. 79–98. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Class%20Structures%20in%20the%20Southern%20Peruvian%20Highlands%2C%201750%E2%80%931920&author=K.%20Spalding &pages=79-98&publication_year=1980)
36.
Meriolee S. Grindle, “Agrarian Class Structures and State Policies: Past, Present, and Future,” Latin American Research Review, 1993, 28, 174– 187. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Agrarian%20Class%20Structures%20and%20State%20Policies%3A%20Past%2C%20Present%2C%20and%20Future&author=MS.%20 Grindle&journal=Latin%20American%20Research%20Review&volume=28&pages=174-187&publication_year=1993)
37.
Tanya Korovkin, “Taming Capitalism: The Evolution of the Indigenous Peasant Economy in Northern Ecuador,” Latin American Research Review, 1997, 32(3), 89–110. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Taming%20Capitalism%3A%20The%20Evolution%20of%20the%20Indigenous%20Peasant%20Economy%20in%20Northern%20Ecu ador&author=T.%20Korovkin&journal=Latin%20American%20Research%20Review&volume=32&issue=3&pages=89110&publication_year=1997)
38.
Carlos I. Egregori, “After the Fall of Abimael Gúzmaan: The Limits of Sendero Luminoso,” in Maxwell A. Cameron and Philip Mauceri (eds), The Peruvian Labyrinth (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997), pp. 179–191. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=After%20the%20Fall%20of%20Abimael%20G%C3%BAzmaan%3A%20The%20Limits%20of%20Sendero%20Luminoso&author=CI. %20Egregori&pages=179-191&publication_year=1997)
39.
Leon Zamosc, “Peasant Struggles of the 1970s in Colombia,” in Susan Eckstein (ed.), Lower and Popular Protest: Latin American Social Movements (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), pp. 102–131. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Peasant%20Struggles%20of%20the%201970s%20in%20Colombia&author=L.%20Zamosc&pages=102-131&publication_year=1989)
40.
Peter Brown, “Institutions, Inequalities, and the Impact of Agrarian Reform on Rural Mexican Communities,” Human Organization, 1997, 56, 102–110. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.56.1.x3513m5414374720) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Institutions%2C%20Inequalities%2C%20and%20the%20Impact%20of%20Agrarian%20Reform%20on%20Rural%20Mexican%20Co mmunities&author=P.%20Brown&journal=Human%20Organization&volume=56&pages=102-110&publication_year=1997)
41.
Steven M. Helfand, “The Political Economy of Agricultural Policy in Brazil: Decision Making and Influence from 1964 to 1992,” Latin American Research Review, 1999, 34(4), 3–42. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=The%20Political%20Economy%20of%20Agricultural%20Policy%20in%20Brazil%3A%20Decision%20Making%20and%20Influence %20from%201964%20to%201992&author=SM.%20Helfand&journal=Latin%20American%20Research%20Review&volume=34&issue=4& pages=3-42&publication_year=1999)
43.
Carlos Huneeus, “Technocrats and Politicians in an Authoritarian Regime: The ‘ODEPLAN boys’ and the ‘Gremilists’ in Pinochet’s Chile,” Journal of Latin American Studies, 2000, 32, 461–501. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X00005812) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Technocrats%20and%20Politicians%20in%20an%20Authoritarian%20Regime%3A%20The%20%E2%80%98ODEPLAN%20boys%E 2%80%99%20and%20the%20%E2%80%98Gremilists%E2%80%99%20in%20Pinochet%E2%80%99s%20Chile&author=C.%20Huneeus& journal=Journal%20of%20Latin%20American%20Studies&volume=32&pages=461-501&publication_year=2000)
44.
Marcus J. Kurtz, “Chile’s Neo-Liberal Revolution: Incremental Decisions and Structural Transformation, 1973–89,” Journal of Latin American Studies, 1999, 31, 399–427. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X99005325) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Chile%E2%80%99s%20NeoLiberal%20Revolution%3A%20Incremental%20Decisions%20and%20Structural%20Transformation%2C%201973%E2%80%9389&author =MJ.%20Kurtz&journal=Journal%20of%20Latin%20American%20Studies&volume=31&pages=399-427&publication_year=1999)
45.
Patrice Franko, The Puzzle of Latin American Economic Development, 2d ed. (Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003). Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=The%20Puzzle%20of%20Latin%20American%20Economic%20Development&author=P.%20Franko&publication_year=2003)
46.
P. Mzría and G. García, “Ajusste Económico, Democratización y Procesos de Privitización de los Espacios Públicos en Venezuela,” Revista Inter americana de Planificación, 1998, 30(199), 77–91. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Ajusste%20Econ%C3%B3mico%2C%20Democratizaci%C3%B3n%20y%20Procesos%20de%20Privitizaci%C3%B3n%20de%20los% 20Espacios%20P%C3%BAblicos%20en%20Venezuela&author=P.%20Mzr%C3%ADa&author=G.%20Garc%C3%ADa&journal=Revista%2 0Inter%20americana%20de%20Planificaci%C3%B3n&volume=30&issue=199&pages=77-91&publication_year=1998)
47.
Lafislau Dowhor, “Decentralization and Governance,” Latin American Perspectives, 1999, 25(1), 28–44. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Decentralization%20and%20Governance&author=L.%20Dowhor&journal=Latin%20American%20Perspectives&volume=25&issue=1 &pages=28-44&publication_year=1999)
48.
Henry Veitmeyer and James Petras, The Dynamics of Social Change in Latin America (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999), pp. 91–98. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333982921) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=The%20Dynamics%20of%20Social%20Change%20in%20Latin%20America&author=H.%20Veitmeyer&author=J.%20Petras&publicat ion_year=1999)
51.
Amouryde Souza, “Redressing Inequalities: Brazil’s Agenda at Century’s End,” in Susan Kaufman Purcell and Riordan Roett (eds), Brazil under Cardoso (Boulder, CO: Rienner Publishers, 1997), pp. 63–88. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Redressing%20Inequalities%3A%20Brazil%E2%80%99s%20Agenda%20at%20Century%E2%80%99s%20End&author=A.%20Souza &pages=63-88&publication_year=1997)
52.
S. P. Costa, Não Será Nenhum País Como Esta (Rio: Editora Record, 1992). Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=N%C3%A3o%20Ser%C3%A1%20Nenhum%20Pa%C3%ADs%20Como%20Esta&author=SP.%20Costa&publication_year=1992)
53.
David Rock, Authoritarian Argentina (Berkeley: University of California, 1992), pp. 138–142. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Authoritarian%20Argentina&author=D.%20Rock&publication_year=1992)
54.
Tita Rosenberg, Children of Cain: Violence and the Violent in Latin America (New York: Morrow, 1991), pp. 380–383. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Children%20of%20Cain%3A%20Violence%20and%20the%20Violent%20in%20Latin%20America&author=T.%20Rosenberg&public ation_year=1991)
55.
Tito Drago, Chile: Un Dohle Secuestro (Buenos Aires: Editorial Compatense, 1993). Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Chile%3A%20Un%20Dohle%20Secuestro&author=T.%20Drago&publication_year=1993)
57.
Graciela Medina Batgista, “La Democracia Liberal y Algunas de sus Vicisitudes,” Revista Paraguaya de Sociología, 1999, 36(105), 159–178. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=La%20Democracia%20Liberal%20y%20Algunas%20de%20sus%20Vicisitudes&author=GM.%20Batgista&journal=Revista%20Paragu aya%20de%20Sociolog%C3%ADa&volume=36&issue=105&pages=159-178&publication_year=1999)
58.
Jaime Salinas Sedó, Desde el San Felipe: En Defensa de la Democracia (Lima: Mosca Azul, 1997). Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Desde%20el%20San%20Felipe%3A%20En%20Defensa%20de%20la%20Democracia&author=JS.%20Sed%C3%B3&publication_year =1997)
59.
Tulio Halparín Donghí, Historia Contempranea de América Latina (Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1981), pp. 314–316. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Historia%20Contempranea%20de%20Am%C3%A9rica%20Latina&author=TH.%20Dongh%C3%AD&publication_year=1981)
60.
Saul Landau, The Guerrilla Wars of Central America (New York: St. Martins’ Press, 1993), pp. 67–93. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=The%20Guerrilla%20Wars%20of%20Central%20America&author=S.%20Landau&publication_year=1993)
61.
Eric Selbin, Modern Latin American Revolutions (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993), pp. 171–177. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Modern%20Latin%20American%20Revolutions&author=E.%20Selbin&publication_year=1993)
62.
Susan Eckstein, Power and Popular Protest: Latin American Social Movements (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), pp. 22–23. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Power%20and%20Popular%20Protest%3A%20Latin%20American%20Social%20Movements&author=S.%20Eckstein&publication_ye ar=1989)
63.
Mitchell A. Seligson, “Trouble in Paradise: The Erosion of System Support in Costa Rica, 1878–1999,” Latin American Research Review, 2002, 37(1), 160–185, Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Trouble%20in%20Paradise%3A%20The%20Erosion%20of%20System%20Support%20in%20Costa%20Rica%2C%201878%E2%80% 931999&author=MA.%20Seligson&journal=Latin%20American%20Research%20Review&volume=37&issue=1&pages=160185&publication_year=2002)
64.
Catherine Hite, When the Romance Ended: Leaders of the Chilean Left1968–1991 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), pp. 195– 199. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=When%20the%20Romance%20Ended%3A%20Leaders%20of%20the%20Chilean%20Left1968%E2%80%931991&author=C.%20Hite &publication_year=2000)
65.
Manuel Moreno Fraginals, “Transition To What?” in Miguel A. Centeno and Mauricio Font (eds), Toward A New Cuba? Legacies of a Revolution (Boulder, CO: Rienner Publishers, 1997), pp. 21–25. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Transition%20To%20What%3F&author=MM.%20Fraginals&pages=2125&publication_year=1997)
66.
Debra Evenson, Revolution in the Balance: Law and Society in Contemporary Cuba (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994), p. 22. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Revolution%20in%20the%20Balance%3A%20Law%20and%20Society%20in%20Contemporary%20Cuba&author=D.%20Evenson&p ublication_year=1994)
67.
Louis A. Pérez, “Fear and Loathing of Fidel Castro: Sources of U.S. Policy toward Cuba,” Journal of Latin American Studies, 2002, 34, 227– 254. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X02006387) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Fear%20and%20Loathing%20of%20Fidel%20Castro%3A%20Sources%20of%20U.S.%20Policy%20toward%20Cuba&author=LA.%2 0P%C3%A9rez&journal=Journal%20of%20Latin%20American%20Studies&volume=34&pages=227-254&publication_year=2002)
68.
Roberto Foliari, “Redemocratizar el Sistema Político,” Revista Paraguaya de Sociología, 1998, 153(160), 149–161. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Redemocratizar%20el%20Sistema%20Pol%C3%ADtico&author=R.%20Foliari&journal=Revista%20Paraguaya%20de%20Sociolog% C3%ADa&volume=153&issue=160&pages=149-161&publication_year=1998)
69.
Janet Kelly, “Democracy Redux: How Real is Democracy in Latin America?” Latin American Research Review, 1998, 33(1), 212–225. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Democracy%20Redux%3A%20How%20Real%20is%20Democracy%20in%20Latin%20America%3F&author=J.%20Kelly&journal=La tin%20American%20Research%20Review&volume=33&issue=1&pages=212-225&publication_year=1998)
70.
Manis Sodré, O Brasil Simulado: Ensaios sobre Quotidiano Nacional (Rio: Fundo Editorial, 1991), pp. 70–71. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=O%20Brasil%20Simulado%3A%20Ensaios%20sobre%20Quotidiano%20Nacional&author=M.%20Sodr%C3%A9&publication_year=1 991)
71.
Alan Knight, “Populism and Neo-Populism in Latin America, Especially Mexico,” Journal of Latin American Studies, 1998, 30, 221–248. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Populism%20and%20NeoPopulism%20in%20Latin%20America%2C%20Especially%20Mexico&author=A.%20Knight&journal=Journal%20of%20Latin%20America n%20Studies&volume=30&pages=221-248&publication_year=1998)
72.
Carlos de la Torre, Populist Seduction in Latin America: The Ecuadorian Experience (Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 2000). Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Populist%20Seduction%20in%20Latin%20America%3A%20The%20Ecuadorian%20Experience&author=C.%20Torre&publication_y ear=2000)
73.
Laura Nuzzi O. Shaughnessy and Michael Dodson, “Political Bargaining and Democratic Transitions: A Comparison of Nicaragua and El Salvador,” Journal of Latin American Studies, 1999, 31, 99–127. CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X98005227) Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Shaughnessy%20and%20Michael%20Dodson%2C%20%E2%80%9CPolitical%20Bargaining%20and%20Democratic%20Transitions %3A%20A%20Comparison%20of%20Nicaragua%20and%20El%20Salvador&author=NO.%20Laura&journal=Journal%20of%20Latin%20 American%20Studies&volume=31&pages=99-127&publication_year=1999)
74.
John C. Dugas, “Drugs, Lies, and Videotape: The Samper Crisis in Colombia,” Latin American Research Review, 2001, 36(2), 157–174. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Drugs%2C%20Lies%2C%20and%20Videotape%3A%20The%20Samper%20Crisis%20in%20Colombia&author=JC.%20Dugas&journ al=Latin%20American%20Research%20Review&volume=36&issue=2&pages=157-174&publication_year=2001)
75.
Bruce M. Wilson, Costa Rica: Politics, Economics, and Democracy (Boulder, CO: Rienner Publishers, 1998), pp. 160–162. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Costa%20Rica%3A%20Politics%2C%20Economics%2C%20and%20Democracy&author=BM.%20Wilson&publication_year=1998)
76.
John Peeler, Building Democracy in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Rienner Publishers, 1997), pp. 190–193. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Building%20Democracy%20in%20Latin%20America&author=J.%20Peeler&publication_year=1997)
Copyright information © Robert C. Williamson 2006
About this chapter Cite this chapter as: Williamson R.C. (2006) Society, Economy, and Government. In: Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan, New York DOI (Digital Object Identifier) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09592-3_4 Publisher Name Palgrave Macmillan, New York Print ISBN 978-1-4039-6886-9 Online ISBN 978-1-137-09592-3 eBook Packages Palgrave Media & Culture Collection About this book
Personalised recommendations
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG. Part of Springer Nature. Not logged in Not affiliated 185.191.229.108