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BSOVE

11( 1):

ISSN

1- 198 ( 1986)

0146- 6429

Bulletin of the

SOCIETY OF VECTOR ECOLOGISTS,

r, , 111

1

J[ 7.,,,:.

7

s..."........

J

Volume 11, Number 1

September, 1986

BULLETIN OF THE

SOCIETY OF VECTOR ECOLOGISTS Volume 11 - Number 1 September 1986

James P. Webb, Ph.D., Editor

Orange County Vector Control District 13001 Garden Grove Boulevard Garden Grove, CA 92642

Minoo B. Madan, Production Manager California State Department of Health Services Los Angeles, CA 90026

EDITORIAL BOARD Dr. R. S. Lane

Dr. F. J. Radovaky California Acad. of Sciences

Liverpool, England

University of California Berkeley, California

Dr. A. Ali

Dr. M. S. Dhillon

Dr. L. A. Magnarelli

Dr. R. E. Ryckman

University

Northwest M.A.D.

Conn. Agr.

Sanford, Fiordia

Riverside, California

New Haven, Connecticut

Loma Linda, California

Dr. D. R. Barnard

Dr. S. P. Eisen Institute

Dr. C. J. Mitchell Zool. Institute Universitiit

Dr. H. L Scudder

Lone Star Tick Research Lab. Poteau, Okalhom

Antwerp, Bdgium

Zurich, Switzerland

Hayward, California

Dr. Norbert Becker

Dr. R. E. Fontaine

Dr. G. R. Mullen

Dr. M. W. Service

University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, West Germany

CDC, Public Health Service

Auburn

Liverpool Sch. of Trop. Med.

Atlanta, Georgia

Auburn, Alabama

Liverpool, England

Dr. H. Briegel University of Zurich

Dr. M. L Goff University of Hawaii, Manoa

Dr. S. Nalim

Dr. E. S. Tikasingh

Caribbean Epidemiology Ctr.

Zurich, Switzerland

Honolulu, Hawaii

Vector Control Research Unit Ungaran, Indonesia

Dr. P. Carnevale

Dr. D. J. Gubler CDC, Public Health Service San Juan, Puerto Rico

Dr. G. F. O' Meara University of Florida, IFAS

Dr. G. B. White

Vero Beach, Florida

London, England

Dr. A. J. Adams' University of Panama

Dr. J. B. Davies Liverpool Sch. of

Panama

Florida

of

O.R.S.T.O. M. Bobo Diolasso, Burkina Faso

of

Trop. Med.

Trop.

Medicine

Kip.

Station

University

San Francisco, California

Loma Linda University

Cantonal* State University

Port of Spain, Trinidad

London Sch. Hyg. Trop. Med.

Dr. S. C. Williams

Dr. C. E. Hopla University of Oklahoma

Dr. S. Palchick

Fort Detrick, Maryland

Norman, Oklahoma

St. Paul, Minnesota

San Francisco State Univ. San Francisco, California

Dr. W. J. Crane Rutgers University

Dr. M. J. Klowden University of Idaho

M. A. Parsons

Dr. W. J. Wrenn

Moscow, Idaho

Columbus, Ohio

Dr. LA. Lacey Medical Services Consultants Arlington, Virginia

Texas Tech University

Dr. G. G. Clark U. S.

Army

Medical Res. Inst.

New Brunswick, New

Dr. C. Dahl Uppsala

University

Upsala, Sweden

Jersey

Metropolitan

Department

Moeq.

Cont.

Health

of

Dr. D. B. Pence Lubbock, Texas

PubSrh. d by Ow Society d Vector& elo. W to dleumlrY paxwt Yfaradku from d

fool of lb* Geld of Vector Ecolop old Delta DYdpxw

Membership Plus Bulletin $ 25.00 Student Membership $ 12.50 Institutional Subscription$ 25.00

Sustaining Members$ 150.0 Cemmudofkm nttlas to daoW oattee W moa. elpb eleuld M. ddre.. d to See Editor. Cammu tceder Mollies M Alley prod,

reprWti eaMeripaoes, SOPS. emMMlp, ramp of Mlmy sad other nears ieuM M. ddnmd to Ow Sodom Office.

PUBLICATIONS AND BUSINESS OFFICE

Society of Vector Ecologists P. O. Box 87

Santa Ana, California 92702

Printing Consultant John G. Shanafelt, Jr. Orange, California

USA

University of North Dakota Grand Forks, North Dakota

BULLETIN OF THE

SOCIETY OF VECTOR ECOLOGISTS VOLUME 11

SEPTEMBER, 1986

NUMBER 1

CONTENTS In Memoriam - Richard B. Loomis( 1925- 1985)

iv

In Memoriam - James M. Brennan( 1905- 1985)

vii

Submitted Papers A Chigger

Evidence

Bibliography

1758- 1984 ( Acari: Trombiculidae): Systematics, Biology, and Ecology M. L. Goff, R. B. Loomis, and W. J. Wrenn

Incriminating Coquillettidia

perturbans (

Diptera: Culicidae) as an Epizootic Vector of

Eastern Equine Encephalitis. I. Isolation of FFF. Virus from Cq. perturbans During an Epizootic Horses in New Among

Evidence

Jersey

Incriminating

W. J. Crans

Coquillettidia

perturbans (

1

and

T. L. Schulze

178

Diptera: Culicidae) as an Epizootic Vector of

Eastern Equine Encephalitis. II. Ecological Investigations Following an Inland Epizootic in New

Jersey

W. J. Craps, L. J. McCuiston,

and

T. L. Schulze

185

Impact of Two Unicellular Algae on the Development of Culex quinquefasciatus Say ( Diptera:

Culicidae) Survival

L. S. Mian

and Ovipositional Response Sewage Effluent

of

Culex

quinquefasciatus

and

M. S. Mulla

191

Say ( Diptera: Culicidae) to L. S. Mian

M. S. Mulla

194

Field Tests in Western Montana of Mechanical Transmission of Tularemia by Biting Flies Diptera) Between Immobilized

197

and

Scientific Note

Laboratory

Animals.

C. B.

Philip

and

W. L. Jellison

4

NUMBER 1

SEPTEMBER, 1986

VOLUME 11

IN MEMORIAM

DR. RICHARD B. LOOMIS 1925 - 1985 mites as well as advanced knowledge about vertebrate

1985, Dr. Richard B. Loomis,

On October 8,

zoology, particularly the mammals and reptiles. Dick

Professor of Biology at California State University, Beach home at Long Beach( CSULB) died at his Long

60.

age

born in Lincoln,

Grant) at the University of Kansas Medical Center in

Professor Loomis had been

CSULB for 30

in

there as an Instructor

received a Research Fellowship ( Office of Naval Research Contract) early in his years ( 1948- 1953), and then a Research Assistantship ( NIH-USPHS

Biology

in

summers

was

and was an expert teenager

was a

and

Dick

1955.

Nebraska in 1925 the time he

beginning

years,

time

spare

associated with

herpetologist

having

on

field

spent

trips

Kansas

by

City(

1953- 1955).

From Lawrence, Dick and

his family moved to Long Beach where he continued

his early

his productive canter at CSULB as an instructor( 1955-

collecting

4'

F

tr

4, tt.....

.

4111111hik‘ 1

amphibians

and

reptiles.

Biology

was

a

latter days of

of World

1956),

strong

driving force in Dick' s life from a very early age until his dying day. After serving as a naval officer in the

(

interest

and

In 1955, he the

was awarded a

University

time

at

fundamental

of

education

acquired

about

1963- 1985).

California,

Ph.D.

Kansas ( KU).

KU that he

Assistant

Professor ( 1956- 1959),

and

Dick taught a multitude of courses

during his tenure at Long Beach State including General Biology, General Zoology, Animal Life in

War II, he attended the University where he earned a B. S. in

Nebraska ( Lincoln)

Zoology in 1948. in Zoology from was during this

an

Associate Professor ( 1959- 1963), and Full Professor

General

Entomology,

Field

Natural

History, Medical Entomology, Principles of Animal Taxonomy, and General and Advanced Herpetology. Many of Dick's graduate students were first introduced

It the

chigger

iv

NUMBER 1

to

the

SEPTEMBER, 1986 of

field

Herpetology

class.

wonders

Dick's

load Dick

also

biology In

while

addition to

enthusiastically

enrolled

in

( 1970- 1971),

his teaching

served

on

administrative and academic committees.

Foundation.

various

He

Committee, Committee,

pocket provided the backing for Dick's extensive field

Biology leadership Biology Department Advisory

collecting ventures. Through the years Dick actively

collected small vertebrates and their ectoparasites from

many parts of the world including California,

Curriculum

Committee, Research R.T.A.& P. Committee, Graduate Committee, Hiring Committee, New Committee, Campus Affairs Committee,

Studies

Building Scholarship& Loans Committee( Teaching Excellence Committee.

Chairman),

Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia,

and the

Wisconsin, and Wyoming in the U. S., and Baja California ( Norte and Sur), the states of Cahuila, Chihuahua, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico,

Academic honors awarded to Dick also included, 1) Fellow of the Herpetologist League, 2) Fellow of the Southern California

Michoacan, Nayarit, Sinaloa, and Sonora in Mexico,

Academy of Sciences, 3) Phi Kappa Phi, 4) Sigma Xi, 5) CSULB Distinguished Scholar( 1982). He was also active in

and New Guinea, New Zealand, and Australia. Dick's field trips were always a highlight for

anyone fortunate enough to go along on one with him. These trips resulted in thousands of vertebrate

a number of professional

societies:

specimens and hundreds of thousands of ectoparasite

Southern California Academy of Sciences Vice- President and President, Chairman or CoChairman for the first five annual meetings); American Society Member( member

since

American

Society

of

since

under

1960);

Society

for the

Study

1960);

Society

member since

As

an

number of

avid

of

under

researcher,

and

since

was

awarded

helped

(

a

(

to support

himself in obtaining his own education and assisted many of his graduate students at CSULB. Most noteworthy is the NIH-USPHS Grant AI-03407, the

Chiggers of Western North America, the Principal Investigator from 1960 Other

grant

included

an

stipends

Office

that

were

that

he had to

Kethley.

Dick's

critical

and

fair

supervision.

Their

1966), Ronald E. Somerby ( 1966), Julius C. Geest 1966), Lynell K. Tanigoshi ( 1968), Richard M. Davis ( 1968), Jerry L. Fowler ( 1968), Norman G. Puckett ( 1969), James P. Webb, Jr., ( 1970), James L. Lucas ( 1970), W. Calvin Welboum ( 1972), M.

Lee Goff ( 1974), Lawrence V. Pomeroy ( 1974), Sherburn R. Sanborn ( 1977), Stephen G. Bennett

1977), Hans Megens( 1980), Charles S. Rau( 1980), Steven D. Werman ( 1980), Kazuhiro Ando ( 1983), Lawrence L. C. Jones( 1985), Noor S. Tietze( 1986), and

Gerald E. Greene ( 1986).

Of these individuals

whom we know personally, it can be said that we feel

as

that we belong to an elite fraternity that had the good fortune of having had Dick Loomis as our faithful counselor and friend during our stint at CSULB.

through 1974.

awarded

B.

program are included here: Marilyn Bunnell ( 1957),

of

Dick

Dr. John

Delmer E. Mangum ( 1958), Alvin H. DeYoung 1958), Kenneth Leith ( 1958), Charles M. Page 1961), William J. Wrenn ( 1965), W. Leon Hunter

Vector Ecologists

which

of

names and the year each finished his or her degree

1983).

Research Grants

curatorship

or the resulting data to write a masters degree thesis

of

Amphibians and Reptiles( Charter Member); Entomological Society of America( member since 1973); Acarological Society of America( Charter Member); Desert Protective Council( member since

the

Directly or indirectly, 27 individuals developed the background, format, and information from these trips

1947); American Southern

Society Parasitologists( and California Parasitologists) ( member of

collection ( ca.

vials) have recently been acquired by the Division of Insects, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago,

1947); Kansas

Ichthyologists

Herpetologists ( member

chigger- mite

110,000 prepared microslides; ca. 12,000 alcohol

Academy of Science( member since 1948); Texas Academy of Science( member since 1970); Southwestern Association of Naturalists( member since 1969); Society Systematic Zoology( Charter Member);

Dick's

specimens.

Mammalogists, Life

of

and several Faculty Grants, CSULB

These grants and oftentimes money from his own

was

Graduate Coordinator for the Department of from 1965 to 1978. He provided input and as a member of the

VOLUME 11

him

Naval Research Contract, Kansas ( 1948- 1952), a NIH-USPHS

Dick's legacy to all of us was to develop our interests

School, Kansas Grant, CSULB

that all of Dick's former graduate students are

of

University of Grant, University of Kansas Medical City ( 1953- 1955), a U. S. Army

and potentials in the field of biology to such a degree gainfully employed in the scientific field in some v

least 12

or another and at

form

NUMBER 1

SEPTEMBER, 1986

VOLUME 11

of the

27

went on

WE MUST SAIL ON

to

obtain their doctoral degrees in biological disciplines. BSOVE is dedicated to Dick friend and Loomis and the late James M. Brennan, a first 177 The years. for Dick' s of colleague many 1758pages is comprised of," A Chigger Bibliography

This issue

1984 ( Acari: Trombiculidae): and

co- authored

Ecology, "

B. Loomis, more than

them

and

100

by M. Lee

during

with chigger mites.

bibliography

provide

Systematics,

To

and

the baseline

knowledge for future

his

We must sail on, he's disembarked

To some port so far away

We must sail on but we still can hope

of

included

We must sail on though were now becalmed And wait for the next strong wind

with others, will

they, along

nucleus

We'll see him again someday

career, most of

are

trombiculid

chartered shore

Though he will sail with us no more

Biology,

Goff, Richard

They

our own=

We must sail on in this wayward ship

William J. Wrenn. Dick co- authored

publications

had to do

in this

We must sail on in this ship of life

of the

And pray to God that a man like him

mite

Will sail with us again

researchers.

Dick is survived in body by his loving and patient wife

Margaret

of

Long

Beach, two daughters,

Written in memory of Richard B. Loomis

Orange, Linda Garrett of Long Beach, Julia Bynon of sister Beach, his his son Richard Loomis of Long

by Doug Bynon

Mary Margaret Moulton of Lincoln, Nebraska, and

seven grandchildren. In spirit Dick is survived by the scientific community at large, whom he loved and respected and who loved and respected him. James P. Webb, Jr.

Orange County Vector Control District Garden Grove, CA Stephen G. Bennett

Orange County Vector Control District Garden Grove, CA William J. Wrenn

University of North Dakota Grand Forks M. Lee Goff

University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu

vi

NUMBER 1

SEPTEMBER, 1986

VOLUME 11

IN MEMORIAM

DR. JAMES M. BRENNAN 1905 - 1985 r

g" f4

od

r ,..

r,,A0..-

,

1,,,

4' V0y,,,,,,,,,. ''''',.,,

406.,„,.„

4,,,,, k ti

o,,,,

ot,

v ,

.

4. ad

t

4r

i .

Dr. James M. Brennan died in Queen' s Medical on 31 October 1985 at the age of 80. He is

Center

survived

by his

wife

Dr. Brennan

BA

was

Isabel.

which

Pennsylvania. His from Dickinson College with a major in was a native of

English in 1926. He

received

his MA in 1931

and

Ph.D. in 1933 from the University of Kansas, majoring in entomology. Following his graduation, Dr. Brennan worked with the USDA Plant Quarantine from

1935

1941

to

entomologist

then

and

for the U. S.

as

a

civilian

from 1942 to 1944. In 1944, Dr. Brennan joined the U. S. Public Health

Service

Army

and spent most of

Mountain

Following

Laboratory his

Dr. Brennan

his

in

career at the

Hamilton,

Honorary Associate

in

Entomology

was a

Fellow

Association for the Advancement

Entomological

American Mosquito

Control

Systematic

Zoology.

While

Society

the

Montana.

from the USPHS in 1975, to Hawaii and was appointed an

Museum. Dr. Brennan member of the

Rocky

retirement

moved

the

at

of the

of

of

Association,

majority

of

and

1940' s

was

on repellents

involved in

for ticks

work

and a

South America.

While his

entomological activities were diverse in nature, Dr.

Brennan's major area of interest was in the taxonomy of the family Trombiculidae, or chiggers. During his research career, he was considered the major world

authority on the taxonomy of this difficult group of acarines.

assembled

At the Rocky Mountain Laboratory, he a reference

collection

which would

ultimately become the National Chigger Collection

of the U. S. National Museum of Natural History/ This collection, currently

world.

America,

Jim will always be fondly remembered by his colleagues and friends not only for his ability as an

of

acarologist and teacher, but also for this interest in

fishing and his delightful sense of humor. Acarology

more than

during

an.

Hawaii at Manoa, has become the largest single

is the poorer for this passing.

100 published works dealt with the systematics of the Trombiculidae, he

drugs in Central.

reference collection for this group of mites in the

American

Dr. Brennan' s

Also, during the 1940's, Dr.

housed at the Acarology Laboratory, University of

Bishop

Society

use.

Brennan was involved in the testing of antimalarial

Smithsonian Institution.

American

Science

Society

Parasitologists,

of

and in the 1952 USDA Yearbook, is credited for

development of the repellent issued to the military is still in

M. Lee Goff

the

and other arthropods;

University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu vii

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL., 11( 1):

1- 177.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

A CHIGGER BIBLIOGRAPHY 1758 - 1984

ACARI:

TROMBICULIDAE):

SYSTEMATICS, BIOLOGY, AND ECOLOGY! M. Lee Goff2, Richard B. Loomis3, and William J. Wrenn4

ABSTRACT: A comprehensive bibliography of publications dealing with the family Trombiculidae (including

the Leeuwenhoekiidae of some authors) from 1758 through 1984 is presented. These 2,441 references deal with

systematics, taxonomy, ecology, morphology, life cycles, histology, host-parasite relationships, physiology, behavior, and medical problems directly related to trombiculid mites. INTRODUCTION It

has

Wharton

and

missed.

We anticipate that additions and

corrections will be published

been nearly

comprehensive chigger

by

been

35

years

since

bibliography

was

Fuller ( 1952)

appropriate to publish another.

and

We have

last

the

completed

it

seems

attempted to

periodically.

To avoid

delay in publication, we have not indexed the references. We view this bibliography as a basis for future analyses and comprehensive listings of taxa and topics.

include all of the known references to the chiggers, family Trombiculidae ( including

Leeuwenhoeof Systema Naturae( 1758) through December, 1984. We included kiidae), from Linnaeus'

10th

the

edition

references to systematics, cycles,

histology,

ecology, morphology, life host- parasite relationships, physio-

logy, behavior, and medical problems which deal directly to

with

include

trombiculid mites.

We have

which

deal exclusively

siosis ( scrub

merely

typhus or

make

levels. Papers

chigger-borne

tsutsugamushi

reference

This

excluded.

with

to

includes

taxa or

chiggers

rickett-

disease) have

or

been

most texts and medical

many host-parasite lists, and such as Mammalian Species which are secondary without new information. Also excluded are

references, as well

reviews sources

title- only and most abstract references.

references

we

have

endeavored

up to 1985, it is

year.

Use of

Style Manual. Those publications not seen are indicated by an asterisk(*).

When the title is not in the language of the text, it

will

be explained;

e. g.,

a title in English of a

Russian publication with an English summary is stated

as (

in Russian with English summary).

Abbreviations of periodicals or words used conform as far as possible to the style in the Serial Sources for the Biosis Data Base, Volume 1984, or the International List of Periodical Title Word Abbreviations, ISO 833- 1974. However, titles of

certain journals ( such as some in Japanese, Chinese, and Russian) seem to have changed over time from the

Although

chronologically by

authors' initials follows the 5th edition of the CBE

attempted

all publications which propose new

recommend taxonomic changes on all

The citations are arranged alphabetically by

author( s) and then

to

include

certain that some

all

have

originals

translations.

or

adopted

different

English

We have used any title in English

supplied as part of an original publication.

Journal Series No. 3048 of the Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. This paper

is based on studies supported by NIH grant AL 20520 to the Department of Entomology, University of

Hawaii at Manoa and NSF grant DEB 7925107 to California State University, Long Beach.

2Department of Entomology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. 3Department of Biology, California State University, Long Beach, California 90840, USA (Deceased). 4Department

of

Biology, University

of

North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA.

rr.

VOL 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

2

As this

manuscript

was

being

authors( MLG, RBL, and WJW) felt it appropriate to dedicate this

M.

The authors extend special thanks to Noor S.

and colleague who contributed

Tietze for helping to assemble, correct, and standar-

bibliography

Brennan, a dear friend

to the late Dr. James

his impressive list of publications to trombiculid mites. Dr. Brennan passed

much more than

the

study

away

on

of

31 October 1985.

completion

of

the

Regrettably,

manuscript

came

the

prior

to

untimely

Dr. Richard B. Loomis, our teacher, mentor, passed away colleague, and dear friend. Dr.. Loomis

death

on

of

8 October 1985.

this

bibliography

such great

lives.

We ( MLG

and

WJW) dedicate

to both these individuals

impacts

Acknowledgments

the

assembled,

who

had

on our professional and personal

dine the references. We thank Cliff Hill and Jeffrey Alberts for their

bibliography

on

assistance

floppy

in

disks.

the

formatting We

also

extend

special thanks to Dawn Rath who prepared the final draft. We are grateful to the Department of Biology,

University of North Dakota and the Institute of Parasitology,

California

State

University,

Long

Beach, for providing assistance. In addition. we thank Dr. James P. Webb and Stephen G. Bennett for critical review of

draft

copies of this

bibliography.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

3

BIBLIOGRAPHY 0001 * Abussalam,

0002

Abonnenc,

1939.

E. &

larvaire

de

Abonnenc,

Ah,

d'

un

1: 83- 86.

Trombiculidae ( Acarien):

nouveau

Taufflieb. du

region

n.

E. &

Ann.

phacochere.

Sun.

1960. from

mite

1957b.

Ah,

Hyong-

Sun.

un nouveau

Entomol.

0008

Soc.

pilosa

Pathol.

n.

Exot.

gracilis,

( Acarina,

sp.

C. E. & J. Lipshutz. Pacific Theater. J. Am.

Alberti,

G.

1979.

and

Allison,

ed. ,

F. R.

50: 556- 67. a

new

species

Trombiculidae) .

0011

Utah.

0012

D. M.

Utah

Allred,

Utah.

trom-

1954.

Parasites

of

124: 1095- 1100.

Proc.

1958a.

Zealand Occas.

the

on

Utah Acad.

Sci.

New Zealand 2) : 419- 23.

reptiles.

Publ.

(

stylosome

(

feeding

tube)

of

31: 61- 63.

Mites found on mice of the genus Peromyscus in

infestation.

Families

New

Ser.

Observations

1956.

General

D. K.

Tsutsugamushi fever in the Southwest

Assoc.

organs of Actinotrichida. Pp. 501- 07, in J. G. Recent Advances in Acarology, Vol. II. Academic Pr. ,

chiggers.

IV.

1944. Med.

New Zealand Wildl.

D. M. I.

Allred,

of

Parasitology

Fine structure and probable function of genital

1982.

herpetology.

some

Trombicula

Claparede

New York.

Allred,

et

New intranasal chiggers of the genus Microbats in Korea ( Acarina: Trombiculidae). J. Med.

Ahlm,

Rodriguez,

0010

vercam-

1: 186- 91.

papillae

0009

some

Trombiculide

de Schoengastia radfordi Jadin et Vercam-

Shunsennia

Korea

1964.

from

trombicula

0007

Hum.

Deux trombiculides nouveaux de

Euschoengastia

n.

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mite,

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plover,

Misc.

Charadrius

Rep.

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Description from Sanit.

a

of

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a

new

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8: 231- 34.

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Mackiena

Prunellarubida

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

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0109

n.

0110

and

Asanuma,

baylissi

Neoschoengastia

Health

Dep.

0114 * Asanuma,

the

in Miura

Sum.

Pt.

schito- netsu.

of

mite

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1957.

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K.

Kitaoka &

K.

vector

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F.

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Sanit.

J.

Japan.

districts.

Shimoda

and

Hazato &

H.

Okubo,

K.

Kitaoka,

K.

Kneads,

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Rep.

in Japanese)

( N.

Kano,

R.

typhus

scrub

37- 40.

p.

K.,

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On

fever.

Shichito

on

and

sp. ,

Misc.

birds.

34- 43.

Kumada,

N.

Kano,

R.

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0113

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51):

(

Larval

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Trombicula

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chigger

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Two

1959a.

K.

Asanuma,

11: 59- 60. 0115

Asanuma,

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gavara,

Wada,

T.

Miyamoto,

Trombicula

Asanuma,

T.

Kugoh,

H.

Nakagava, &

be

0118

a

vector

Sanit.

Zool.

Asanuma,

K.,

southern

vector

parts

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Resour.

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classical

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a

as

Kaneko,

K. On

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K.

the

role

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K. of

the

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Teshi-

N.

Kugoh,

Miyamoto,

T.

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Yamada &

Hori.

S.

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1959. (

Miyamoto,

J.

T.

Karasava,

Akiyaaa,

H.

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Japan.

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Chiba

Japan.

J.

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K.

T.

Evidences for Trombicula scutellaris to

typhus

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jr.,

Suzuki,

K.

Kumada,

N.

Kawamura,

A.

Yamamoto,

Okubo,

K.

Kitaoka,

K.

K.,

the

in Japanese)

14: 105. (

Zool.

0117

of

K.

of

Inst.

T.

Kumada,

N.

Okubo,

K. H.

K.

pallida

area

endemic

in Res.

Rep.

T.

Akiyama,

in Japanese)

Hashimoto,

K.

Misc.

Japan.

Kitaoka,

K.

K.,

0116 * Asanuma,

(

disease)

( Tsutsugamushi

Peninsulas,

Izu

and

Determination

H.

Yamamoto,

J.

Miyamoto,

T.

1962.

Nakagawa.

H.

typhus

scrub

of

Miura

Wada &

T.

Teshigavara,

K.

Kaneko,

K.

Karasava, Miyamoto,

T.

Yamamoto,

S.

Toyokava,

K.

Hazato,

H.

Tanaguchi,

Shimizu,

F.

Kugoh,

T.

Kumada,

N.

Okubo,

K.

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K.

K.,

Occurrence

1972.

Otsuji.

of

scrub

typhus in a classical endemic area in Japan but not transmitted by Leptotrombidium

K.,

K.

Kitaoka,

scutellare

as

a vector

foothills

of

Mount

0119 * Asanuma,

Prague)

J.

akamushi.

18: 172- 84.

F.

of

Fuji.

Med.

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R.

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Leptotrombidium

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Epidemiol.

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Asanusa,

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M. N.

Surveys

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N.

I.

powder

on

in

the

0122 * Asanusa,

K.,

Okubo &

I.

(

Kumada,

means

of

and

typhus

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at

during

Res.

winter

Inst.

Niwayama, Kobayashi,

T. I.

Nat.

and

es-

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Resour.

Kugoh,

Takeda,

H. M.

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M.

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trombiculid endemic

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Rep.

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the

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K. ,

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M.

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Taniguchi,

Matsuo,

trombiculid

small

snow

0121

H.

M.

larval

on

orientalis endemic

Kitaoka,

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11

N.

K.

I.

Kumada,

Okubo,

M.

Takeda &

S.

Niwayama,

Suzuki,

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I.

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H.

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Japan.

J.

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(

in Japanese with English

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0124 ' Asanusa, T.

K.,

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kettsia the

Res.

0125

N.

Karasawa, M.

Kumada,

foci

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Inst.

Asanusa,

Nat.

K.,

guchi,

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0127

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H.

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Rickettsia orientalis from

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Nat.

K. &

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M.

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a

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0128

Study

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Chiba

in

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6

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N.

Hayashi,

S.

Sasa,

M.

K.,

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8- 14.

p.

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0129

Asanuma,

Resour.

0130

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ference

a

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Misc.

0133

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its

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its

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Resour.

Goto

a

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0138

H.

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J. R.

Trans.

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Inst.

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H.

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Res.

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Goto &

a

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area,

occurrence

Mt.

London)

0136

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Rep.

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H.

Inst.

K.,

the

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Fuji

Rep.

seasonal

0135

T.

occurrence

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in

Nat.

chigger

Trombicula

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with

Res.

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Fukushima

in Japanese)

(

asakawai

38):

H.

Goto & chigger,

a

of

area,

Inst.

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the

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0134

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the

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T.

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Some

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Zool.

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( Leptotrom-

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Fujikura.

T.

&

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T.

6

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0131

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32):

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J. M.

Studies

New

California

( Acarina:

chiggers

Pacific.

central

Parasitol.

1967.

New records of chiggers from the West Indies.

Fauna

the

on

Curacao

of

and

Caribbean

other

Islands,

No.

24: 146- 56. 0261

Brennan,

J. M.

Kymocta

description 0262

1968a.

Yunker

Brennan,

of

a

J. M.

A in

rodents

1962 J.

species.

1968b.

from

culidae)

new

Endoparasitic

Brennan,

and

95.

IV. Revision of Trombiculidae), with 54: 613- 15.

chiggers:

( Acarina:

Parasitol.

collection

of

( Acarina:

chiggers

Colombia.

southwestern

J.

Trombi-

Parasitol .

54: 679- 85. 0263

Brennan, genus

species

0264

0265

J. M.

(

Brennan,

J. M.

Brennan,

Trombiculidae).

Brennan,

1969c.

and

J.

1970a.

of

1970b. two

Trombiculidae). Brennan, and with

J. K.

Kerr,

it

new

J.

55: 662- 66.

species of the unique genus PolyJ.

Parasitol.

55: 868- 71.

Brazil.

J.

Med.

Entomol.

6: 427- 31.

Chiggers from the Bolivian- Brazilian border

Trombiculidae). J. M.

Parasitol.

New bat chiggers of the genus Perissopalla from

northeastern

J. M.

criptions

0268

from northeastern Brazil and a key to the included

J. M. 1969b. Five new lopadium ( Acarina: Trombiculidae).

Acarina:

0267

Acarina:

Three new species of subgenus Parasecia Loomis

Brennan,

Venezuela

0266

1969a.

Fonsecia)

J.

Parasitol.

Colicus, species

Med.

and

Entomol.

a a

new

key

56: 807- 12.

Neotropical to

included

genus

with

species

(

des-

Acarina:

7: 271- 72.

1970c.

1942, ( Acarina:

A review of Neoschoengastia colombiae Boshell with descriptions of two new species misidentified Trombiculidae:

Colicus).

J.

Med.

Entomol.

7: 489-

92. 0269

Brennan,

J. M. 1970d. A Acarina: Trombiculidae).

small

Bull.

collection South.

of

Calif.

chiggers Acad.

Sci.

from

Surinam

69: 32- 37.

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

22

0270

chiggers

63: 1694-

Am.

Soc.

Entomol.

Ann.

Trombiculidae).

Acarina:

(

Two new genera and a new species of Neotropical

1970e.

J. M.

Brennan,

96. 0271

in

guyannensis,

0272

birds.

of

0273

and

the

57: 666- 67.

Anomalaspis

1971c.

J. M.

Brennan,

Pseudoschoengastia

(

South

of

1952,

Brennan,

ambiguus

association

questionable

a second intranasal chigger

Trombiculidae),

Parasitol.

J.

Neoschoengastia

VI.

chiggers:

Endoparasitic

Acarina:

n. (

sp.

esorhina

Ann.

Trombiculidae).

(Acarina:

Brazil

Proechimys

rat,

spiny

64: 212- 15.

1971b.

J. M.

Brennan,

from

chiggers

new

northern

Am.

Soc.

Entomol.

Three

1971a.

J. M.

Brennan,

American

Acarina:

with

Entomol.

Med.

J.

Trombiculidae).

redescribed

species

8: 602- 04. 0274

T.

Brennan,

descriptions

scutum

Revival

two

of

species

(

ignota

Acarina:

J.

Trombiculidae).

Acarina:

(

Vanidicus

of

the

of

species

new

Brennan

Jones,

and

Venezuela,

from

genus

Med.

1961, and

Entomol.

Med.

J.

Trombiculidae).

( Acarina:

taxa

related

on

notes

the

1973.

J. M.

Brennan,

Trombicula

new

9: 16- 18.

Entomol.

0276

in

eyes

with

chiggers

for

two

A new genus and two new species of Venezuelan

1972b.

J. M.

Brennan,

genus

and

58: 1178- 81.

Parasitol.

J.

new

Fauran,

rotundiscutata

Trombiculidae).

0275

Buclypeus,

1972a.

J. K.

Brennan,

10: 107- 09. 0277

Brennan,

0278

J. K. &

Brennan,

D

0279

Brennan,

J. K. &

0280

Brennan, the

J. M. &

Western

species

and

additional Trombi-

(Acarina:

chiggers

of

Chiggers

Soc.

1977a.

Goff.

K. L.

( Acarina:

Hemisphere

The

1960.

Entomol.

Ann.

Trombiculidae).

new

Pacific

( Acarina:

Utah

15: 1- 26.

Basin Nat.

Dalmat.

H. T.

Six

central

1956.

Beck.

E.

Great

Trombiculidae).

the

57: 1311- 17.

Parasitol.

J.

culidae) .

from

chiggers

of

1971.

Amerson.

A. B.

J. M. &

records

Guatemala ( Acarina:

of

Am.

53: 183- 91.

Keys

to

the

genera of

chiggers

of

Parasitol .

J.

Trombiculidae) .

63: 554- 66. 0281

Brennan,

four

J. M. &

new

Brennan, chiggers

Goff.

and

J. M. & (

Acari:

1977b.

M. L.

The Neotropical

records

other

Trombiculidae).

Acarina:

0282

M. L.

species

J.

Goff.

from Mexico,

Parasitol.

1978a.

Trombiculidae)

genus Hoffmannina:

Panama

and

Venezuela

63: 908- 14.

Three

new

monotypic

from South America.

J.

genera

of

Med.

Entomol.

of

Crotiscus

14: 541- 44. 0283

Brennan, Acari:

J. M. &

M. L.

Trombiculidae)

14: 569- 72.

Goff. from

1978b. northern

Two

new

species

South America.

J.

Med.

Entomol.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

0284

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Brennan,

J. M. &

Acari:

0285

Brennan,

J. K.

&

Brennan,

J. M. &

Brennan,

with

Acarina:

Brennan,

Brennan,

J. M. &

Acarina: Brennan,

J. M. &

Brennan,

J. M. &

Brennan,

0293

Brennan,

0294

Brennan,

to

Soc.

Biol.

the

chiggers

of

Am.

12: 155- 94.

two

of

new

North genera

52: 7- 16.

Pseudoschoengastia and four new

Acarina:

(

Acarina:

(

Trombiculidae).

J.

Para-

Jones.

E. R.

Jones.

E. R.

1961a.

Chiggers

1961b.

of

Trinidad,

B. W. I.

2: 493- 540.

New genera and species of chig-

Trombiculidae).

Jones.

E. K.

1960.

Acarologia

J.

Chiggers

Parasitol. of

47: 105- 24.

Peru ( Acarina:

Trom-

3: 172- 205.

Jones.

1964a.

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J.

Four new chiggers from Argentina

Parasitol.

50: 698- 702.

J. K. & R. B. Loomis. 1959. A review of the reptile chiggers, Fonsecia ( Acarina, Trombiculidae), with descriptions of two new

American Brennan, VIII.

species.

J. M. &

A

new

additional

Calif.

Brennan,

Brennan, Med.

three

sitol.

Sci.

Parasitol.

45: 53- 64.

Lukoschus.

and of

1971.

species species

of

(

J. M. &

J. M. & new

Fauranius

Nadchatram.

1976a.

1976b.

Announcement:

Note:

13: 346. J. T.

Reed.

Venezuelan

58: 796- 800.

atecmartus,

Trombiculidae).

Bull.

and

South.

70: 42- 45.

M.

M.

Parasitic mites of Surinam,

chigger,

Acarina:

Nadchatram. Parasitol. 62: 206.

Entomol.

Brennan, of

records

J. M. & J.

J.

F. S.

genus

Acad.

stamp.

0298

genus

chiggers

J. M. & E. R. Jones. 1964b. Five new species of chiggers from South America ( Acarina: Trombiculidae). J. Med. Entomol. 1: 307- 10.

genus

0297

E. R.

Acarologia

J. K. &

Acarina:

0296

Entomol.

1959b.

the

Trombiculidae).

biculidae).

0295

Jones. of

from Panama ( Acarina:

gers

0292

E. R.

species

Keys

15: 272- 73.

Natural History Reser-

descriptions

and

Ann.

the

Wasmann J.

1959a.

notes

Teratothrix

of

Entomol.

on

Hastings

Atelepalme

20: 241- 43.

species

Med.

A report

Simes

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new

J.

of

species

45: 421- 29.

sitol.

0291

1954.

new

A

California.

synonymic

J. M. &

1979.

Frances

Trombiculidae).

Neotropical

0290

Jones.

E. R.

A

Acarologia

from Venezuela.

the

of

M. &

J.

America

0289

Goff.

Monterey County,

vation,

0288

M. L.

E. K.

1978c.

from Venezuela.

Trombiculidae)

Trombiculidae)

0287

Goff.

Trombiculidae)

Acari:

0286

K. L.

23

1972a. species

(

Loomisia

Acarina:

chigger

on

chigger

a

stamp.

on

a

J.

gen. n. with descriptions Trombiculidae). J. Para-

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

24

0299

the

Two

Venezuelan

new

chiggers

of

Entomol.

Med.

J.

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( Acarina:

Polylopadium

genus

1972b.

Reed.

J. T.

J. M. &

Brennan,

9: 461- 63. 0300

three

new

0301

Trom-

( Acarina:

species

and

genera

new

of

59:

Parasitol.

J.

from Venezuela.

Trombiculidae)

( Acarina:

chiggers

More

1973b.

Reed.

J. T.

J. K. &

Brennan,

genus Aitkenius:

Venezuela

from

59: 531- 35.

Parasitol.

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biculidae).

The Neotropical

records

other

and

species

1973a.

Reed.

J. T.

J. M. &

Brennan,

706- 10. 0302

intradermal species

new

0303

0304

(

Acarina:

J. K.

Brennan,

Brigham

0305

Brennan, VII.

0306

A

cies

from Venezuela,

Med.

Entomol.

gers

Reed,

0308

Acad.

No.

The

3.

new

Endoparasitic

Acarina:

1962,

a

chiggers new

spe-

Trombiculidae).

J.

Parasitic

1975.

species

of

of

mites

Loomisia

Revival

1970.

the

of

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( Acarina:

1950

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12: 243- 49.

Entomol.

Med.

J.

Ewing,

69: 100- 03.

Sci.

Studies

1950.

Wharton.

G. W.

J. M. &

chiggers.

chiggers,

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Brennan,

Vercammen- Grandjean.

Boshellia

Calif.

a

of

Trombiculidae).

P. H.

genus

South.

Brennan,

(

vanBronswijk.

description

Acarina:

J. M. &

monotypic

Venezuela

New records of Surinam and certain French Guiana chig-

1972. (

Brennan,

Bull.

J. E. M. H.

the

with

other

of

10: 449- 51.

J. M. &

Brennan,

and

records

in Vene-

60: 699- 711.

1973.

Yunker &

Kymocta

Eutrombicula

20: 45- 75.

Ser.

vanBronswijk.

of

redescription

Surinam XXI.

0307

J. E. M. H.

J. K. &

Biol.

Bull.

Sci.

Univ.

Young

three

60: 185- 87.

( Acarina:

hosts

mammalian

small

of

particularly

list

A

1975.

Reed.

J. T.

&

genus

Parasitol.

J.

Trombiculidae).

and

1966,

Parasitol.

The

1974b.

Reed.

J. T.

The

VIII.

chiggers:

Yunker,

and

J.

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Acarina:

J. M. &

Brennan, zuela

(

Brennan

Intercutestrix

genus

Endoparasitic

1974a.

Reed.

J. T.

J. M. &

Brennan,

on

Am.

Neotrombicula.

subgenus

North

American 44:

Nat.

Midl.

153- 97. 0309

J. M. &

Brennan, chiggers

(

New

1960.

White.

J. S.

Acarina:

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records

bats

on

in

and

descriptions

Alabama.

of

Parasitol.

J.

46: 346- 50. 0310

Brennan, of

sitol.

0311

J. M. &

potential

Brennan,

C. S.

A new species of

1964.

Yunker.

veterinary

importance

Euschoengastia

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( Acarina:

J.

Para-

50: 311- 12. J. M. &

C. E.

Euschoengastia

velata,

boreal

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rodents

1966a.

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sp. J.

Endoparasitic

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an

Entomol.

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of

SEPTEMBER, 1986

0312

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

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C. E.

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0314

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Panama.

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J. M. &

genera,

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Pp.

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Field Mus.

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The R. L.

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from

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25

chiggers

Wenzel

Nat.

Hist. ,

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&

V. J.

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0316

W. S. Nat.

Mag.

Brown,

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Brown, the

0318

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Morphol.

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mite

A

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J.

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J.

Sur

les

buccales

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Bruyant,

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C.

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39: 344- 47.

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applied

Econ.

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Studies on Chekiang trombiculid mites

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(

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Survey of chigger mites on rats in southern Kiangsu

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Acta Entomol.

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A new species of trombiculid mite

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0351

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Acta

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On the life histories of 3 species of

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(

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0352

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Acta Zool.

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On the life histories of three species

Sin.

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0353

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0354

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P. R.

Hsu.

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the

(

H. T. & genus

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Scrub mites from mammals and birds,

three

P. R. Hsu. 1958a. Neoschoengastia from

new

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Acta

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Acta

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H. T. &

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Hsu.

Acta

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48.

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Acta

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11: 539-

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

28

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0358

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Acta

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(

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1962a.

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P. R.

&

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Trombiculidae).

( Acarina:

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the

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Two new species of

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P. R.

H. T. &

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Acta

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the

on

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Trombicula

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H. T.

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Sin.

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Acta

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Acomatacarus

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(

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H. T. &

Chen,

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Acta

the

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var.

akamushi

The

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&

(

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Chinese

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Hsu.

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Chen,

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Trombiculid mites infesting bats from

1963c.

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Chen,

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(

Chinese

with

English summary) 0363

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genus

0364

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0365

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1959a.

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Parasitic

Symp.

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Acta Zool .

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N.

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The

in

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Innisfail.

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1962e.

Asian

The

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The

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0485

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The

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0483

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W.

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The

New

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0481

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Inst.

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0478

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29):

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Nymphs

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Acarina,

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Res.

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28):

(

Four

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83: 227- 40.

W.

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Audy (

Trom-

Acarina,

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Malaya

Res.

Inst.

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Acarina,

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Three

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0472

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

36

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E.

Giovanoli,

Vet.

ticks

some west

N- alkyl

and

All- purpose

1953.

Fla.

chiggers.

R. F.

Texas

toluamides

in

Econ.

J.

chiggers:

Riek.

repellent

Entomol.

1945.

mixtures as

36: 47- 51.

Trombidiosis of sheep in

21: 22- 31.

J.

1945.

Microphotography

larvae.

trombiculine

1909.

G.

Zeit.

1916.

G.

Schweis.

Giroud,

P. ,

P.

toxoplasmes

legaci

et

Arch.

J.

Council

as

an aid

Sci.

to

Industr.

the Res.

R.

Leptus

1950a. scrub

J. A.

The

typhus

autumnalis

( Leptus

autumanalis).

Soc.

role

in

des

recueillis

Pathol .

of

rats

Batavia.

Mise

en

evidence

de

Thrombicula

sur

alberti

and

Lemmiscomys

captures

en

de

barbarus Oubangui-

45: 1924- 25.

Exot.

Doc.

der

broyats

1952.

avec

cunninghami

bei

58: 66- 71.

Gaillard.

1950)

Herbstgrasmilbe

-

Zurich

inoculees

Mylomys Bull.

Herbstgrasmilbe

Tierheilk.

souris

Andre, sur

Chari ( A. E. F.) .

epidemic

Die

37: 587- 90.

LeGac & sur

( Marc

striatus,

0707 * Gispin,

Gouck. against

Parrish. of

Landw.

Ziege.

0706

of

18: 298- 300.

Aust.

0705

1962.

Gilbert.

mosquitoes,

Moule &

Aust.

identification

0704

the

5: 105- 06. I. H.

for

H. R.

treatments

Queensland.

0703

Gouck &

on

55: 451- 52.

Gilbert,

Gill,

Nat.

repellents

clothing 0702

Notes

S.,

as

Entomol.

0701

1960. Southwest.

J. E.

mites Neerl.

in

the

transmission

Indones.

Morb.

of

Trop.

2: 23- 35.

0708

Gispin, indica,

225- 30.

R.

1950b.

fam.

The

virus

Trombiculidae).

of

murine

Doc.

typhus

Neerl.

in

mites

Indones.

(

Schoengastia

Morb.

Trop.

2:

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

52

0709 * Gispin,

R. &

typhus

and

1951.

Warsa.

R.

infection

natural

rats

of

in

typhus

Java.

of

shop

3: 155-

Morb.

Indones.

The

II.

identity Trop.

ectoparasites;

Neerl.

Doc.

typhus.

murine

Endemic rat

and

62.

0710

M. A.

Goates, Brigham

0711

Goff,

Goff,

from

0713

Goff,

0714

Goff,

Goff,

1975.

M. L.

Midway

the

M. L.

Goff,

A

M. L.

new

A

Two

1977c.

Goff,

1977d.

M. L.

A

1978a.

0718

Goff, and

in

the

owiensis

new

Goff,

in

Acarina:

(

8: 456.

Trombiculidae)

( Acarina:

Hawaiian

the

Trombi-

Islands.

J.

with

Kohls

Trombi-

Trombiculidae)

Radfordiana

to

the

( Acari:

known

nine

from Papua New Guinea

1952 and Novotrombicula

( Acari:

1947

( Guntheria)

key

15: 21- 25.

Entomol.

rostrata Womersley

and

( Acari:

Guntheria

of

species of

R.

of

( Acari:

63: 915- 17.

Guinea,

Med.

Trombi-

14: 243- 46.

Entomol.

Guntheria

of

species

New J.

A new

Med.

J.

( Acarina:

14: 38- 41.

Schoengastia

of

Parasitol.

new

Guntheria

of

species

species

J.

Papua

Womersley

Trombiculidae) .

J.

64: 886- 90.

Parasitol.

0719

site.

12: 52- 54.

Entomol.

mammals.

subgenus.

redescriptions

Med.

new

Two

from

1978b.

M. L.

test

Trombiculidae)

Entomol.

Toritrombicula

of

plover

species

J.

from New Guinea

Trombiculidae) species

new

Two

from Papua New Guinea. 0717

golden

Nevada

Acarina,

(

Entomol.

species

the

Med.

J.

chigger

of

Med.

J.

new

chiggers

Islands.

species

at

3: 1- 12.

13: 735- 37. 1977b.

M. L.

of

rats

Ser.

Biol .

records

from New Guinea.

M. L.

kangaroo

Hawaiian

Pacific

the

Entomol.

on

Bull .

Islands.

1977a.

from

culidae)

0716

New

northwestern

culidae)

0715

Sci.

1971.

M. L.

culidae)

Med.

Univ.

Young

from the 0712

Mites

1963.

1979a.

M. L.

New Guinea,

with

The

genus

descriptions

Odontacarus ( Acari: of

four

new

Trombiculidae)

J.

species.

Med.

in

Entomol.

15: 143- 54. 0720

Goff,

M. L.

1979b.

New Guinea ( Acari:

0721

Goff,

M. L.

1979c.

Trombiculidae)

0722

Goff,

M. L.

culidae)

Entomol.

0723

Goff,

M. L.

Two

new

species

Trombiculidae).

Two

new

species

of

intranasal

J.

Med.

of

schoengastiine

from Papua New Guinea.

1979d.

infesting

A

new

murid

species

rodents

chiggers from Papua

Entomol.

J.

Papua

chiggers

Entomol.

Odontacarus

of

in

Med.

15: 533- 36.

New

(

Acari:

16: 112- 15.

( Acari:

Guinea.

TrombiJ.

Med.

16: 140- 41. 1979e.

Trombiculidae)

A

new

species

of

from Papua New Guinea.

Guntheria J.

Med.

( Guntheria)

Entomol.

( Acari:

16: 246- 47.

SEPTEMBER, 1956

0724

Goff, tion

J.

0725

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Notes

M. L.

Eltonella,

subgenus

( Eltonella)

with a redescripTrombiculidae). (Acari:

frittsi

16: 321- 24.

Entomol.

culidae)

the

on

Microtrombicula

of

Med.

Goff,

1979f.

M. L.

53

Host

1979g. infesting

Papua

New

1979h.

Species

of

by

exploitation

chiggers

land

Guinea

(

Acari:

Trombi-

Pac.

Insects

mammals.

20: 321- 53. 0726

Goff,

M. L.

horseshoe bat,

orange

( Acari:

chigger

Rhinonycteris

Trombiculidae) Rec.

aurantius.

West.

from the

Aust.

Mus.

8: 93- 96. 0727

Goff,

1979i.

K. L.

Acari:

A

new

and

genus

from

Trombiculidae)

Zyzomys

five

new

species

Rec.

argurus.

of

West.

chiggers

Aust.

Mus.

8: 81- 91.

0728

Goff,

from

1980a.

M. L. the

moss-

A

forest

new

species

of

chigger

Acari:

(

in Papua New Guinea.

rat

Int.

Trombiculidae)

Acarol.

J.

6: 85-

87. 0729

Goff,

1980b.

M. L.

species

0730

Goff,

Goff,

1980c.

M. L.

M. L.

from the J.

0732

Med.

Goff,

from

Goff,

white-

Goff,

The

A

Goff,

0736

Goff,

1981b.

Two

Med.

0737

Goff,

from

M. L.

Entomol.

Acari:

(

( Acari:

Trombicuidae)

Dasyuridae)

A

species

lowland

Entomol.

of

in Australia.

(

Entomol.

(

(

Acari:

Acari:

Trombi-

Trombiculidae)

18: 69- 72.

Guntheria

of

and

18: 33- 40.

Entomol.

melomys

penthetor

17: 494- 97.

chiggers

of

Trombiculidae)

Whartonia

chiggers

Med.

J.

of

Entomol.

Med.

J.

species

new

the

( Guntheria)

Rodentia:

Muridae)

( Acari:

in

New

18: 112- 15.

new

Colombia,

with

species a

key

Polylopadium ( Acari:

of

to

the

species

in

the

Trombi-

genus.

J.

18: 228- 31.

Entomol.

1981e.

descriptions

chigger

species

new

new

Two

1981d.

M. L.

Schoengastia

22: 35- 77.

Whartonia ( Acari:

of

Med.

J.

Islands.

from

Med.

J.

of

to

Ornithogastia

and

redescription

Five

1981c.

M. L.

culidae)

species

bats,

lectotype.

a

Trombiculidae)

key

21: 321- 27.

Insects

Pac.

species

a

Insects

Guntheria

from Papua New Guinea.

M. L.

Guinea.

new

fruit

1981a.

M. L.

Pac.

Trombi-

17: 477- 78.

Guinea of

rodents with

genera

new

Schoengastia ( Acari:

of

footed dunnart ( Marsupialia:

1980e.

M. L. New

A

from the Philippine

0735

species

Papua New Guinea.

Entomol.

culidae)

0734

in

1980d.

designation

0733

new

from New Guinea.

reported

Trombiculidae)

0731

Three

from Papua New Guinea

culidae)

of

The

three

18: 244- 48.

genus new

Teratothrix

species

and

a

(Acari:

key

to

Trombiculidae), the

species.

J.

with

Med.

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

54

0738

Goff,

1981f.

M. L.

foliate

with

Goff,

new

species

from

setae

( Acari:

Guntheria

of

Papua

Guinea

New

Trombiculidae) Med.

J.

mammals.

18: 298- 99.

Entomol.

0739

A

body

VOL. 11, NO. 1

M. L.

Studies

1981g.

biculidae).

I.

Two

Papua

on

new

New

Guinea

chiggers

Schoengastia.

of

species

Acari:

(

J.

Med.

Trom-

Entomol.

18: 366- 69. 0740

Goff,

1981h.

M. L.

biculidae).

Studies

II.

Two

Papua

on

new

New

species

Guinea

chiggers

Guntheria.

of

Acari:

(

Med.

J.

Trom-

Entomol.

18: 370- 73. 0741

Goff,

1981i.

M. L.

biculidae). species bicula

0742

Goff,

from

0743

Goff,

in

the

K. L. a

0744

Goff,

0745

0746

Goff,

from

Incan "

of

chigger

(

notes

Acari:

Aust.

West.

Rec.

key

on

to the

Novotrom-

Trombiculidae)

8: 585- 88.

Mus.

Pseudoschoengastia ( Acari:

of

pocket

spiny Entomol.

mouse

(

Rodentia:

Trom-

Heteromyidae)

19: 12- 14.

Guinea and

and

of

ecology

545- 55,

Pp.

chiggers.

New

Guinea,

Vol.

in

J. L.

2.

Junk

new

species

opossum

(

Sasacarus ( Acari:

of

Marsupialia:

Trombiculidae)

Caenolestidae)

in Peru.

J.

Studies

IV.

on

Papua

Radfordiana of

a

new

New Guinea

is

species

a

junior

and

a

key

( Acari:

chiggers

synonym to

the

of

Trom-

Schoengastia

species.

Med.

J.

19: 147- 50.

M. L.

1982e.

biculidae).

Goff,

species

Guinea

Trom-

19: 60- 62.

description

Med.

A

rat"

1982d.

M. L.

Entomol.

0748

Acari:

(

18: 530- 35.

species

New

1982c.

M. L.

Entomol.

J.

chiggers

The Hague.

Med.

Goff,

new

Med.

J.

New

Australia.

Biogeography

ed. ,

biculidae).

0747

new

1982b.

M. L.

an

with

A

Papua

Entomol.

forest

a

Panama.

from

Goff,

A

New Guinea

new species of Guntheria with a

from

western

1982a.

K. L.

Gressitt, Publ. ,

in

Papua

on

Med.

J.

1981j.

skink

in

Two

genus

owiensis.

biculidae) taken

Studies

III.

V.

Studies

Entomol.

1982f.

M. L.

biculidae).

on

Papua New Guinea

A new species of Trombigastia

VI.

chiggers

(

Acari:

Trom-

from New Britain bats.

19: 204- 06. Studies A

new

on

Papua

species

New

Guinea

chiggers

Toritrombicula.

of

(

Acari:

Med.

J.

Trom-

Entomol.

19: 306- 08.

0749

Goff,

from

0750

Goff,

M. L. east

1982g.

M. L.

biculidae). 0751

Goff,

M. L.

biculidae)

Two

new

species

of

chiggers

African bats ( Chiroptera).

1982h. VII.

1982i.

Studies

on

Six

new

species.

new

species

A

from Venezuela.

J.

Papua

Med.

J.

Med.

New Guinea

J.

of

Med.

(

Acari:

Trombiculidae)

19: 376- 79.

Entomol.

chiggers

Entomol.

(

Paraschoengastia

Entomol.

Acari:

Trom-

19: 403- 12.

19: 556- 57.

( Acari:

Trom-

SEPTEMBER, 1986

0752

Goff,

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

M. L.

1982j.

biculidae).

Studies

VII.

A

new

Papua

on

species

55

New Guinea

chiggers

Sasatrombicula.

of

J.

(

Acari:

Med.

Trom-

Entomol.

19: 601- 02.

0753

Goff,

M. L.

1983a. from

culidae)

Entomol.

0754

Goff,

0755

M. L.

1983b. from

M. L.

Goff,

Two

a

M. L.

new

shrew

1983c.

Trombiculidae)

0756

species

sheath-

Cotrombicula ( Acari: bat in Australia.

of

tailed

TrombiInt.

J.

species

Schoutedenichia ( Acari:

of

Insectivora)

(

in

Tanzania,

east

Africa.

TromInt.

25: 74- 78.

Entomol.

Goff,

new

common

25: 71- 73.

biculidae) J.

A

the

A

1983d.

biculidae).

new

species

from Java.

Int.

Studies

X.

Two

new

Entomol.

Papua

on

species

Gahrliepia

of

J.

New

( Gahrliepia)

25: 281- 84.

Guinea

chiggers

Schoengastiini.

of

( Acari:

J.

(

Acari:

Med.

Trom-

Entomol.

20: 40- 43.

0757

Goff,

from

1983e.

M. L. the

Entomol.

0758

Goff,

A

new

species

of

chigger

in

bat

sheath- tailed

common

(

Acari:

Trombiculidae)

Australia.

western

J.

Med.

20: 134- 35.

M. L.

1983f.

A

from

Trombiculidae)

new

species

Tanzania,

bat-

of

infesting

Africa.

east

J.

(

Acari:

Entomol.

20:

chigger

Med.

306- 08. 0759

Goff,

M. L.

0760

Goff,

M. L.

0761

Med.

Goff,

1983h.

0762

Goff,

from

M. L.

0763

Goff,

0764

Goff,

1983i.

A

A

1983j.

1983k.

M. L.

new

new

Two

M. L.

1984a. from

a

new

A

new

horseshoe

the

in

of

of

of

Apoloniinae

Doloisia

J.

of

Entomol.

species

bat

chiggers

Trom-

(

Acari:

Trom-

( Acari:

( Acari:

Med.

Trombiculidae)

Entomol.

20: 670- 72.

Austracarus ( Acari: Soc.

South.

Afr.

in

Korea.

Int.

Trombi-

46: 335- 40.

Sasatrombicula ( Acari:

collected

Trombi-

20: 618- 19.

Entomol.

Iran.

species

J.

( Acari:

20: 511- 13.

genus and subgenus Guntheria.

Med.

J.

species

Entomol.

New Guinea

of

species

taken

from South Africa.

culidae)

Papua

on

Zumptrombicula

of

Med.

J.

Africa.

migratory hamster

culidae)

species

A new species 20: 565- 67.

from Somalia,

M. L. a

Studies

XI.

Entomol.

culidae)

new

from South Africa.

biculidae). J.

A

1983g.

biculidae)

J.

Trombi-

Acarol.

10: 23- 25. 0765

Goff,

from 0766

Goff,

M. L. an

M. L.

Acari: Med.

1984b.

Egyptian

A

new

mole.

1984c.

species

J.

of

Gahrliepia

Entomol.

( Acari:

Trombiculidae)

21: 137- 39.

Three new species and new records of chiggers from the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. J.

Trombiculidae)

Entomol.

Med.

21: 257- 62.

0767

1984d.

M. L.

Goff,

biculidae).

Horwood

0769

Goff,

M. L.

Acari:

four

0771

Goff,

M. L.

Acari:

Goff,

K. L.

Acari:

0773

Goff,

0774

Goff,

M. L.

&

0776

Goff,

and

0777

Goff, Texas

0778

Goff,

0779

M. L. &

ina: Acad.

new

new

with

of

Trombi-

Beamerella

Mormoops

species

megalo-

species

of

Colicus

14: 565- 68.

Entomol.

a

genera

species

new

of

The

1982.

Odontacarus

of

pygosomal

Chatia Chatia

J.

plate.

and

Shunsennia,

( Acari:

a

Med.

J.

1983.

infesting

P.

of

Pseudoschoengastia

of

bird

A

new

and

Perissopalla

genus

three

of

description

beltrani.

Ingels.

J.

F. W.

tortoise,

M. L. &

Med.

Goff,

chiggers

Trombi-

new

precaria,

species

a

( Acari:

from

key

( Perissopalla)

Vene-

to the tuicali

19: 169- 75.

Entomol.

lizard

species

Eutrombicula

of

in Surinam.

J.

( Acari:

Med.

Ento-

20: 272- 74.

Acarina: J.

of

66: 835- 38.

the

synonymy

Trombiculidae) mol.

A

The

1980. a

of

descriptions

of

Hoffmanniella

K. L. &

bat,

Med.

J.

Venezuela

Brennan.

with

correction

species with

genus

species

new

Three

1978c.

from

Parasitol.

Trombiculidae), zuela,

1978b.

Brennan.

J. M.

&

from

14: 534- 35.

Entomol.

Brennan.

J. M.

J.

M. L.

Lipovsky

species

new

Venezuela ( Acari:

chinned

from Venezuela.

description

the

in

Ellis

15: 50- 51.

M. L. &

culidae).

Goff,

J.

A

leaf-

the

Med.

Trombiculidae)

2.

Speleocola

two

monotypic

from

1978a.

from

Brennan.

J. M.

Entomol.

with

0775

J. M.

&

Vol .

114- 19,

37: 501- 09.

Brennan.

Trombiculidae)

Acari: Med.

J. M.

in Colombia.

phylla,

0772

&

for

vectors

Pp.

VI,

genus of

A new

1977b.

Nat.

Trombiculidae)

The

Quadraseta

of

Basin

Great

culidae).

Trom-

Acari:

63: 1089- 91.

Brennan.

species

Guinea.

Acarology

eds. ,

descriptions

with

Parasitol.

new

(

trombiculid

of

New

Papua

1977a.

Brennan.

J. M.

H. L. &

Goff, and

J. M.

J.

chiggers

England.

Chichester,

&

in

Bowman,

Trombiculidae)

Venezuela.

0770

& C. E.

Ltd. ,

Guinea

15. 12 Distribution

rickettsiosis

Griffiths

New

21: 524- 26.

Entomol.

1984e.

chiggerborne

D. A.

Papua

on

A new species of Gahrliepia from the long- footed

XII.

M. L.

Goff,

Studies

Med.

J.

melomys.

0768

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

56

R. B.

Judd.

Loomis.

Trombiculidae)

Entomol.

N. L. &

R. B.

The first

berlandieri.

record of

Southwest.

a chigger from the Nat.

26: 83- 84.

1973. Two new species of Odontacarus Ewing from California and Baja California, Mexico.

10: 333- 36. Loomis.

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Sci.

1981.

Gopherus

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73: 170- 71.

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A

new

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species

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of

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South.

Calif.

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0781

Goff,

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Acari: North

0782

M. L.,

R. B.

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J.

is

the

R. B.

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Loomis,

Med.

W. C.

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0.

of

Entomol.

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galli

(

9: 479- 81.

Welbourn & W. J.

terminology ( Acari:

chigger

19: 603- 04.

Brennan.

senior

J.

Trom-

Studies on Papua New Guinea chiggers A new species of Apoloniinae from the

Med.

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K. L., of

sary

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0783

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Solomon Islands.

Goff,

57

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A

Med.

J.

glos-

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19: 221- 38. 0784

Goff,

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G. S.

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Spicer.

from

a

1980.

A

forest

cloud

new

in

genus

Mexico.

of

J.

chiggers

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(

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17:

242- 44. 0785

Goff,

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species

Goff,

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chiggers

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0787

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Goff,

(

M. L.,

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Whitaker, Int.

J. 0.

Entomol.

Entomol.

0788

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Loomisia

of

J. 0.

schoengastiine

in Brazil.

mouse

0786

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of

J.

1984a.

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chiggers

(

Entomol.

Whitaker,

new

genus

and

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two

new

from a cane

26: 162- 66.

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A

Acari:

1984b.

A

small

collection

of

from mammals collected in Paraguay.

21: 327- 35. Whitaker,

( Acari:

Jr.

&

L. J.

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1984.

Barkley. from

a

A new species

Peruvian

bat.

J.

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21: 80- 81.

M. L.,

J. O.

chiggers

Whitaker,

( Acari:

Jr.

& J. M.

Deitz.

Trombiculidae)

from

1983.

Three new species

Brazil.

Med.

J.

Entomol.

20: 183- 88. 0789

Goksu, of

K,

G. W.

Wharton &

laboratory-

reared

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0790

Goodwin,

dad

and

Am.

Mus.

G. G. &

0791 * Gopachenko, feeva.

Acarologia A. M.

Tobago: Nat.

Yunker.

I. M.,

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Variation in populations akamushi

(

Acarina:

2: 199- 209. 1961.

Descriptions,

Hist.

1976.

C. E.

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A review of the bats of Triniinfection,

and

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Trombiculid

F. N.

mites

Shubin, of

the

D. G.

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southern

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Islands,

TimoUSSR,

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Parazitol.

Parazit.

Bolezni

45: 289- 94 .

(

in

Russian

with

English summary) 0792 * Gopachenko,

I. M.,

biculid

mites

vectors

of

(

G. P.

Somov,

Acariformes,

Rickettsia

F. N.

Shubin,

Trombiculidae)

tsutsugamushi.

V. I.

of

Volkov.

the

Soviet

Folia Microbiol.

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58

0793

Gould,

A

1950.

D. J.

Gould, ina:

0796

0797

R.

La Sci.

at

0801

Dutch New Guinea.

Sansapor,

epidemiological

Natur.

Diseases

2: 57- 58. 0802

factor

of

outbreak

tsutsugamushi fever

33: 367- 73.

Schlug.

zachvatkini

10th.

SSR.

Conf.

as

a

possible

Probs.

Parasitol .

( Riga) ,

Sta.

Sanit.- Epid.

Inst.

Kansas

Latvian

Repl.

in Russian)

(

Ectoparasites

1961a.

A. R.

Grinbergs,

in Latvian

Foci,

( tsutsugamushi)

Parasitol.

J.

Trombicula

1959.

A. R.

Grinbergs,

from

31: 341- 50.

A further account

1947.

Jr.

J. T.,

Griffiths,

alae-

45: 473- 91.

typhus

scrub

Parasitol.

J.

in Dutch New Guinea.

0800

A

1945.

Jr.

J. T.,

Griffiths,

organes

Acomatacarus ( Acarina:

World

Am.

Soc.

des

37: 525- 27.

New

the

of

(Acar-

11: 1- 116.

Acomatacarus

of

subgenus

review

(Acarina:

California

of

mites

Entomol.

Publ .

Parasitol.

J.

Entomol .

Ann.

Trombiculidae).

0799

A

1952.

B.

trombiculid

new

Trombiculidae).

Greenberg,

classification.

from California

repartition assymetrique Paris 208: 861- 64.

A

1951.

B.

Greenberg, Acarina:

0798

1939. Acad.

F. C.

toires.

in

8: 367- 70.

Calif.

Univ.

Trombiculidae).

Grandjean,

characters

chigger

of

Biol.

J.

larval

The

1956.

D. J.

larval

species

new

Wasmann

Trombiculidae).

0795

of

176: 911- 12.

( London)

Nature

0794

Importance

1955.

I.

Gordon,

on Apodemus

flavicollis Melch.

and their seasonal changes in number and species stock in the Latvian SSR.

0803

vae

of

Trombicula

0804

Grokhovskaya, culinae

chiggers

of

the

dynamics of

the larLatv.

SSR.

Latvian

in Russian)

(

L. A.

I. M.,

Russian)

in

Schlug.

zachvatkini

3: 35- 48.

Riga

Entomol. ,

in

(

Occurrence and seasonal

1961b.

A. R.

Grinbergs,

3: 19- 34.

Riga

Entomol. ,

Latv.

Ghibet & Marina

South

Trombi-

43: 1446- 52.

Zh.

Zool .

Territory.

On

1964.

Khudyakov.

I. S.

in Russian with English summary) 0805

Grokhovskaya, tribution zit.

0806

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Grover, the

of

J. J.,

tissue

Acarina:

N. S.

I. M. &

38: 72- 78. D. W.

(

Features of ecology and dis-

1969.

Khoe.

Trombiculidae

mites

in

Med.

Vietnam.

Parazitol .

Para-

in Russian with English summary)

Duszynski

&

Bogan.

B. C.

1975.

Histochemistry of

Hannemania spp. , surrounding intradermal mites, Parasitol. J. in New Mexico amphibians. Trombiculidae) capsule

61: 382- 84. 0807

A. W. &

Grundmann, Ondatra Salt

Y. H.

zibethicus

Lake

Valley,

Tsai.

1967.

osoyoosensis

Utah.

Trans.

(

Some

Lord,

Am.

parasites

1863)

Micro.

Soc.

Miller,

of

the

1912

86: 139- 44.

muskrat,

from

the

SEPTEMBER, 1986

0808

0809

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Gudden,

B.

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Ueber

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C. E. M.

Invasion

eine

Anat.

Physiol.

59

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von

Vir-

autumnalis.

52: 255- 59.

1935.

Endemic

1938.

The probable vector of endemic typhus in New

typhus

in

New Guinea.

Med.

J.

Aust.

1: 813- 14. 0810

0811

Gunther,

C. E. M.

Guinea.

I.

That

diidae).

Med.

J.

Gunther,

C. B. M.

Gunther, as

C. E. M.

Trombicula

Berlese,

minor

0813

Proc.

Gunther, Proc.

0814

Linn.

Gunther, of

New

larval

a

mite

Acarina:

(

Trombi-

2: 202- 04. Trombidiid

Linn.

Soc.

larvae

N.

S.

W.

in

New

Guinea ( Acarina:

64: 73- 96.

1939b. The association between the larva described hirsti var. buloloensis Gunther, 1939, and Trombicula 1904. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 64: 466- 70.

C. E. M.

1939c.

Observations

kallipygos

schoengastia

is

vector

Aust.

1939a.

Trombidiidae).

0812

the

Soc.

C. E. M.

N.

S.

Gunther,

W.

1940a.

on the

1939.

(

life history of Neo-

Acarina:

Trombidiidae).

64: 471- 73.

Further observations on the trombidiid larvae

Guinea ( Acarina:

Trombidiidae).

Proc.

Linn.

Soc.

N.

S.

W.

65: 250- 58. 0815

Gunther,

C. E. M.

Berlese,

0816

Gunther,

Gunther, Med.

0818

J.

C. E. M.

0820

N.

Gunther,

0821

Gunther, and

Linn.

synonyms W.

of

Trombicula

minor

65: 477- 78.

Trombidiidae from British Borneo Soc. S. N. W. 65: 479- 83.

typhus

in New Guinea.

Studies S.

N.

in

Trombidiidae ( Acarina:

Trombi-

66: 391- 95.

W.

1941b.

W.

The synonymy, hosts, and type ( Gunther) ( Acarina: Trombidiidae).

material Proc.

of

Linn.

66: 155. 1941c.

Two

Trombidiidae).

C. E. M.

probable

S.

A survey of endemic

Soc.

bipygialis

C. E. M.

Acarina:

Proc.

1941a. Linn.

C. E. M. S.

the

N.

Four larval

1940d.

Proc.

Guntheria

on

Soc.

2: 564- 73.

C. E. M.

Gunther, Soc.

1940c.

Aust.

Gunther,

Notes

Linn.

Trombidiidae).

diidae). 0819

Proc.

C. E. M.

Acarina:

0817

1940b.

1904.

1942.

new

Proc.

Endemic

Soc.

typhus

6th.

Proc.

vector.

trombidiid

Linn.

in

Pacific

larvae

N.

S.

New

Sci.

W.

from New

Guinea

66: 157- 59.

Guinea: Congr. ,

its

occurrence

Berkeley

5:

715- 24. 0822

Gunther, Linn.

0823

Gunther, and

C. E. M.

Soc.

N.

1951. S.

C. E. M.

Australasia.

W.

On

Trombicula

minor

Berlese,

1905.

Proc.

76: 66- 70.

1952. Proc.

A check list of the trombiculid larvae of Asia Linn.

Soc.

N.

S.

W.

77: 1- 60.

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

60

0824

0825

endemic

0826

typhus

T. R.

Hadi,

species

Studies

Tochigi

in

9: 432- 33.

Univ.

Dent.

Med.

Tokyo

Bull .

Japan.

six

additional

14: 455- 60.

Entomol.

typhus

scrub

on

for

records

Med.

J.

on

from

mites

trombiculid

new

locality

with

Trombiculidae).

1962a.

K.

0827 * Hagi,

Vietnam,

Acarina:

(

Two

1977.

Carney.

South

of

mammals

W. P.

&

observations

1: 688- 91.

Aust.

J.

Med.

in New Guinea.

Further

1939.

Schroeder.

A. G.

C. E. M. &

Gunther,

78: 35- 37.

W.

S.

N.

Soc.

Linn.

Proc.

larvae.

trombiculid

of

ments

Factors worth considering when making measure-

1953.

C. B. K.

Gunther,

(

Prefecture,

abstract

only,

in

Japanese)

0828

Ochanomizu Med.

Japan.

0829

Studies

1962b.

K.

Hagi,

A

from

Trombiculidae)

( Acarina,

50: 185- 87.

Entomol.

Pismo

Pol.

Romania.

Japanese)

Schoutedenichia

of

species

new

in

(

Prefecture,

Tochigi

in

typhus

scrub

10: 2770- 79.

J.

1980a.

R.

Haitlinger,

on

(

in

Romanian)

0830

Acarina)

z

zebrane

drobnych

26:

Parazytol.

Wiad.

rummunii.

ssakow

Coleoptera,

Anoplura,

Stawongi ( Siphonaptera,

1980b.

R.

Haitlinger,

679- 710.

Jahresh.

bergs.

bekannte

0834

Hamilton,

0835

Hansen,

red

Wuettem-

38: 393- 325. einige

ueber

News

Entomol .

bug.

Ectoparasites

1964.

C. G.

noch

wenig

mammals

of

7: 2- 3. from

Great

Oregon.

24: 75- 81.

Basin Nat.

0836 * tiara,

The

1896.

J.

Milbenfauna

9: 52- 55.

Anz.

Zool .

Milben.

der

Wuerttemb.

Nachrichten

Vorlauffige

1886.

G.

Haller,

Kenntnis

Naturkd.

Vaterl .

Verh.

insbe-

Wirbellosen,

90 p.

S.

zur

Beitrage

1882.

G.

0832 * Haller,

a-

der

Parasiten

als

Halle-

der Arthropoden.

sondere

0833

Milben

Die

1880.

G.

0831 * Haller,

Studies

1959.

N.

on

Geographical

I.

miura- netsu.

distri-

bution and seasonal occurrence of trombiculid mites and isolation of rickettsia

rodents

trapped

on

Miura

Peninsula.

Ochanomizu

Med.

7: 396- 412.

J.

0837

from

Harada, allied

F.,

forms

mites.

Ishii,

J.

Jogashima

in

Japan.

J.

Wild

( 1)

Island.

Zool.

Sanit.

1961.

Oshima.

S.

Ueno &

T.

12: 161.

(

in

Medical rats

insects

and

Japanese

and

trombiculd

with

English

abstract)

0838 * Hardison, in

a

cat.

J. L. Vet.

1977. Med.

A

case

Small

of

Ani.

Eutrombicula

Clin.

72: 47.

alfreddugesi

( chiggers)

SEPTEMBER, 1986

0839

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Harkema,

R. &

L.

ectoparasites

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0840

the

W.

1967.

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cotton

North Carolina.

and

Harmata,

Kartman.

of

barbastellus

The

Observations on the helminths and Sigmodon

rat,

J.

61

hispidus

Elisha Mitchell

Say

Sci.

Ord,

and

Soc.

in

64: 183- 91.

incidence

of Trombicula ( Leptotrombidium) Trombiculidae) on bats Barbastella

1902 ( Acarina,

( Schreber,

1774).

Wiad.

Parazytol.

13: 266- 70.

(

in

Romanian)

0841

0842

Harrison,

J. L.

Stud.

Harrison,

J. L.

1956a.

Harrison,

1956b.

J. L.

islands"

of

Res.

effect

Feeding times of trom-

Malaya

of

( 26) : 171- 83.

grassfires

Raffles Mus.

(

28):

on

Bull.

Raffles Mus.

(

28):

Harrison, times

J. L.

1957.

infection.

Malaysian larvae.

trombiculid

of

of

112- 19.

Range movement of rats and the formations of

typhus

Trans.

R.

Soc.

Trop.

50: 5.

0845

populations

102- 11.

The effect of withdrawal of the host on popmites.

1956c. mite-

X.

parasites

Med.

The

trombiculid

of

Harrison,

Inst.

Bull.

mites.

J. L.

ulations

0844

Malaysian

larvae.

trombiculid

0843

1954.

biculid

parasites

Stud.

Inst.

XXX.

Med.

Hyg.

Additional feeding

Med.

Res.

Malaya

( 28):

383- 93. 0846

Harrison, with

J. L.

special

1962.

Ecology of field rats as reservoirs of disease to

reference

Proc.

typhus.

scrub

9th.

Pac.

Sci.

Congr.

17: 92- 96. 0847

Harrison, typhus

J. L. &

I.

--

Parasitol.

0848

Harrison, typhus

Med.

0849

J. B.

A

J. L. & J. R. -- An

Hosts of the mite vector of scrub

the

of

hosts.

recorded

Ann.

Trop.

Med.

of

the

Hosts of the mite vector of scrub list

of

hosts.

recorded

Ann.

Trop.

45: 186- 94.

R. F. &

7th

1951b.

Audy.

analysis

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health,

list

45: 171- 85.

II.

Harwood,

1951a.

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check

M. T.

James.

MacMillan

ed.

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in

Entomology

Co. ,

Inc. ,

New

human

York.

p.

and

animal

i- vi

+

1-

548.

0850

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T.,

L. W.

Roberts,

Stylostome formation J.

Parasitol.

0851 * Hasegawa, Japan.

0852

J.

Hasegawa, the

Z.

Sanit.

K.

Zool.

Z.

trombiculid

Hokkaido

Ono,

trombiculid

of

M.,

P. R.

Hildebrandt &

Leptotrombidium

D. C.

mites

(

Cavanaugh.

Acari:

1978.

Trombiculidae).

64: 712- 18.

M.,

prevalence

by

Ono, mites

8: 1- 10.

Hattori mites

8: 83. S.

(

T.

Yoshida.

Shimamatsu

1957.

District,

Seasonal

Hokkaido.

in Japanese)

Hayashi,

collected

&

in

H.

in

Tanaka &

Hokkaido

in

T.

Yoshida.

1955.

Rep.

1957.

Hyg.

On Lab.

VOL. 11, NO. 1

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62

0853

S.

U.

0854

Dep.

Ann.

0855

1919.

On

K.

Hayakawa,

0857

0858

in

Malaya

in

Nampogun

the

parasites

of

chickens.

1- 7.

tsutsugamushi

Trombidiosis

disease

in Formosa.

Southeastern

1- 9.

(

95) : 1- 32.

Demonstration von

(

Asia.

Japanese)

Larval

in

mites

Bull .

disease. Japanese)

praeparaten Trans.

krankheit".

in

(

1944.

Yoshii.

tsutsugamushi

tropical

tsutsugamushi-

in

( 114):

Singapore

Singapore

1917a.

N.

( 9):

Khikawa & S.

to

relation

der "

erreger

on

T.

Boekikyusui- Bu,

Hayashi,

animal

tsutsugamushi disease of Formosa.

1945.

Tanaka,

I.

K.,

Hayakawa,

endemic

Boekikyusui- Bu,

Bull . Nampogun

the Circ.

13: 233- 58.

Muro.

Y.

&

of

Ind.

209: 317- 52.

Zasshi

Igakki

the

Report

1920.

J.

Hatori,

list

Anim.

Parasitol.

Med.

Trop.

Taiwan

0856

Agric.

Bur.

J.

Hatori,

Check

1896.

A.

Hassall,

bezuglich

der Soc.

Pathol.

Japan.

7: 132.

0860

No.

Zasshi

Igakkai

Hayashi,

Studies

1917b.

N.

0859 * Hayashi,

N.

1920.

N.

1931.

138.

in Japanese,

(

Etiology

no

pagination

Chuo

1917.

available)

disease.

tsutsugamushi

of

in

disease

tsutsugamushi

on

Parasitol.

J.

7: 53- 68. 0861

Hayashi,

21: 448- 51.

Soc.

0862

Hayashi,

0863

0864

insects

and

09.

in Japanese)

(

gamushi

0865 * Hayashi,

T.

N.,

Hayashi,

F.

related

in

F.

ship

F.

N.,

between

N.

Oshima,

preventive

Kiyo

2: 1079- 92.

0867 * Hayashi, lated

foot

S.

1950.

from

field

area

N.

tsutsugamushi

structive gaku

of

in Japanese)

Mt.

Pathol.

disease.

Trans.

Japan.

Pathol.

K.

disease

measure

(

K.

Eguchi &

Hozumi.

and

against

birds

Hozumi.

birds

research

1924.

1925.

tsutsugamushi

25: 100-

(

on

tsutsu-

in Japanese)

The

relation-

Trans.

( I).

( II).

disease

Soc.

Pathol.

26: 106.

Zasshi

and

tsutsugamushi

Our

1918.

Igakkai

Eguchi &

of

Japan.

Trans.

tsutsugamushi ship between 1: 461- 93. ( in Japanese) Path. Soc.

Hayashi,

Japan.

Oshima.

Chuo

1918.

Oshima,

to

it.

disease

0866

Trans.

Occurrence

1935.

Mukoyama &

disease

N.,

tsutsugamushi

Kato.

virus

disease.

in Japanese)

(

S.

N. &

Hayashi,

tsutsugamushi

Japanese)

On

1932.

N.

22: 686- 90.

Soc.

On in

(

The

A note

Japan.

relation-

on

disease.

a

con-

Byori-

in Japanese)

The causative agent of tsutsugamushi disease isoApodemus speciosus speciosus inhabiting the 23: 111- 17. Kitasato Arch. Fuji in Japan. Exp. Med. voles

SEPTEMBER, 1986

0868

0869

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Hayashi,

S.

Sanit.

Zool.

Hayashi, culid

1952.

Trombiculid

3: 49.

S.

1953.

mites

Mt.

at

Fuji

Japan.

area.

J.

in Japanese)

Epidemiological

studies

tsutsugamushi ( trombi-

on

its distribution and relation to the occurrence of tsu-

mites)

tsugamushi

(

63

disease

in

Japan.

winter.

J.

Sanit.

Zool.

4: 13.

(

in

Japanese)

0870 * Hayashi,

S. &

in

mites

bicula

(

Hayashi, tests

S.,

T.

Sanit.

Zool.

Hayashi,

S.,

T.

0874

S. &

coastal

Med.

0875

J.

and

J.

Sanit.

Zool.

5:

0.

Tanaka,

S.

fever, of

the

of

Geographical

and the biting

al.

Japan.

species.

Teramura,

III.

Y.

Ueno &

Analytical

J.

1956.

Studies

1948 (

An

a

(

of

the

Tokyo

akamushi.

of

collected

mite)

Sasa.

Trombicula

the variations

chigger

Trom-

in Hok-

in Japanese)

investigation

Queensland:

on

M.

studies on

larvae

unengorged

and Trombicula in Japanese)

43: 217- 22.

north

1954. et

wichmanni,

Schluger,

the

of

condition

known

as

its separation from scrub typhus.

2: 555- 64. 1941.

Med.

als

Tsutsugamushi

Aust.

J.

1933.

Milben

H.

1940. in

Ogata. Nagayo

larvae

1954: 61- 74. (

Igaku

K.

in Japanese)

Tanaka.

W. G.

fever

W. G.

tralia.

0876 * Hecht,

H.

Aust.

Heaslip,

Tanaka &

distributions

Nisshin

Heaslip,

Japan.

scutellaris

Shichito

on

pomeranzevi

kaido.

(

Suzuki,

Bull.

Dep.

bicula

1921.

al.

engorged

Trombicula

scutellaris,

Hayashi,

et

H.

with

5: 66- 67.

soil- surface

0873

Nagayo

Trombicula

Studies

Health

Studies on the ecology of trombiculid

Studies on the surface distribution of Trom-

Suzuki,

of

humans

to

1954a.

1954.

II.

in Japanese with English summary)

distribution

0872

Suzuki.

scutellaris

93- 100. 0871

T.

Japan.

fever

in

Queensland,

north

Aus-

1: 380- 92.

Hautreaktionen auf die stiche blutsaugender Insekten allergische

Erscheinungen.

Zbl.

Haut-

u.

Gesch.

Kr.

44: 241- 55. 0877

Heiberg,

0878

Heim,

1874.

P. V.

Om Leptus

Nord.

autumnalis.

F. & A. Oudemans. 1904. Thrombidium ( Acar.) parasites

Med.

Arkiv.

6: 1- 7.

Sur deux nouvelles formes larvaires de de

l' homme.

C.

R.

Acad.

Sci.

Paris

138: 704- 06. 0879

H.

Henking, Biologie

1882.

von

Beitrage

Trombidium

zur

Anatomie,

fuliginosum

Entwicklungsgesschichte

Herm.

Z.

Wiss.

Zool.

and

37: 553-

663. 0880

Herrick, to man.

0881

Herrick, Agric.

G. W.

1914.

Insects injurious to the household and annoying

MacMillan Co. , G. W.

Exp.

1915 Stn.

Bull.

New York.

Some

p.

external

( 359):

230- 68.

1- 470. parasites

of

poultry.

Cornell

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

64

0882

rat

0883

0884

0885

0886

D. V.

L. S. &

Hiregauder,

from horse-

mites

Prefecture,

in

species

trombiculid

18: 251- 55. Tottori

Daisen,

Mt.

3: 130.

Zool.

Sanit.

J.

Japan.

of

Entomol.

J.

from

mites

Japan.

Honshu,

western

new

Indian

India.

Trombiculid

1952.

S.

0887 * Hiromatsu,

Two

1956b.

Bal. bats

shoe

5: 1- 134.

Sci. )

Res. (

J.

Agra Univ.

India.

Some ectoparasites of bats from

1956a.

Bal.

D. V.

L. S. &

Hiregauder,

some bats from

24: 221- 22.

Sci.

Curr.

1: 22- 25.

Bombay

Ectoparasites of

1955.

Bal.

Soc.

Biol.

J.

India.

in

naja,

D. V.

L. S. &

Hiregauder,

India.

Naja

cobra,

common

On two new species of trombiculid mites from

1958.

L. S.

17: 210- 12.

Entomol.

J.

Indian

from Bombay.

snake

Hiregauder, a

A new species of trombiculid mite found on a

1956.

L. S.

Hiregauder,

in Japanese)

0888 * Hiromatsu, Japan.

0889

0890

J.

Hirst,

S.

mol .

Res.

Zool.

1915a.

On

16: 144.

and

their hosts

in Shikoku.

Bull.

rats.

of

parasites

acarine

new

some

mites

in Japanese)

(

Ento-

6: 183- 90. On

1915b.

S.

Hirst,

Trombiculid

1965.

Y.

Sanit.

Carrier

Brumpt):

( Microtrombidium

tsutsugamushi

the

( Acari. )

fever.

River

Japanese

of

akamushi,

Econ.

J.

Biol.

10: 79- 82. 0891

Nat.

0893

on

the

Ser.

0895

Hirst,

(

acarine

13): S.

London)

0896

Ann.

Hirst,

S.

S.

to

Myriapoda to

(

scorpions,

Mus.

Br.

man.

mites

(

Leptus,

Schoengastia,

17: 37- 39. domestic

animals

Br.

bees).

hive

of

and

injurious

parasitic

Hist.

injurious

disease

Mus.

(

( with

an

appendix

Hist. )

Nat.

Econ.

1- 107. The

1925a.

adult

form

the

of

"

harvest

Nature

bug".

116: 609. 1925b.

On

attacking human Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.

Hirst,

autumnalis,

1- 60.

new

Nat.

Mag.

n.)

0897

( 6):

three

Mite

1922.

S.

Hirst,

On

1921.

S.

Arachnida

of

centipedes)

and

Ser.

Econ.

Demodex).

and

0894

Hist. )

Hirst,

ticks

mites,

spiders,

Microtrombidium

bug" (

harvest

"

10: 73- 77.

Species

1920.

S.

Hirst,

the

Biol.

Econ.

J.

Shaw).

0892

On

1915c.

S.

Hirst,

1926a.

Neotrombicula)

On

a

harvest

beings

at

bug (

Leeuwenhoekia

Sidney,

New

South

australiensis,

Wales.

Trans.

sp. R.

19: 150- 52. the

nymphal

autumnalis

Shaw).

form Ann.

of

the

Appl.

harvest Biol.

bug (

Trombicula

13: 140- 43.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

0898

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Hirst,

S.

species

0899

Hirst,

S.

Zool .

0900

1926b.

of

" red

1928.

Soc.

Hirst,

On

London

S.

hirsti,

Descriptions Proc.

spider".

new

Zool .

Note

T.

the

on

mites,

Soc.

some Australasian 5: 1021- 34.

1929a.

Sambon =

of

65

species

" tea

tree

Hatori

pseudoakamushi,

including

London

Trombidiidae.

of

itch

?).

mite"

Ann.

Hirst,

S.

that

1929b. the

causes

On

South Australia.

0902

Hirst,

S.

London

0903

Hirst,

S.

1929d.

hirsti

Trans.

R.

L.

Hist.

Sambon)

of northern Queensland and The Coorong,

Soc.

S.

descriptions

Hoeppli,

H. H.

to

Aust.

of

53: 24- 26.

forms.

new

H. H.

biculid

mites,

hosts.

Z.

Hoffmann, from

A.

1944. and

1961.

Proc.

Med.

Zool .

Soc.

1962.

Rep.

Queensland ( Trom-

north

tropical

pseudotyphus.

and

Res.

Histological

reference

Parasitol.

histochemical

Activ.

Liberian

to

reactions to trom-

" natural"

and

"

unnatural"

13: 419- 28.

Neoschoengastia in

of

54- 58.

p.

special

fowls

of

Histological Ann.

mites.

Schumacher.

with

mite"

possible carrier 22: 451- 52. Hyg.

Shumacher,

Tropenmed.

man

a

Med.

Trop.

itch

" scrub

trombiculid

Found.

R. &

the

Trop.

R. &

Am.

On

Sambon) -

Soc.

reactions

0906

Trombicula Nat.

Trombicula hirsti

(

Proc.

12: 165- 76.

0904 * Hoeppli,

0905

R.

mite

new

Additional notes on Australian mites of the family

with

bicula

Inst.

itch"

Trans.

1929c.

Trombidiidae,

larval

the

" scrub

(

Mag.

3: 564- 65. 0901

four

3: 825- 41.

Mexico).

nunezi

Rev.

sp. ( Acar.

n.

Inst.

Salubr.

Trombidiidae Enferm.

Trop.

5: 221- 25.

0907

Hoffmann, Esc.

0908

Hoffmann, Rev.

0909

A.

Nac.

A.

Inst.

Hoffmann, culidos

1947.

Cien.

A.

Un

Biol.

1948. Salubr.

nuevo

Dos

especies

Enferm.

1949.

Mexicanos.

genero

de

trombiculido

Mexicano.

An.

4: 451- 57.

Mex.

Trop.

nuevas de

Contribuciones Primera

trombiculidos Mexicanos.

9: 177- 89.

parte.

al

Rev.

conocimiento

Soc.

Mex.

de Hist.

los

trombi-

Nat.

10:

185- 90. 0910

Hoffmann, culidos

0911

Hoffmann, culidos

0912

Hoffmann, culidos

A.

1950.

Mexicanos.

A.

1951a.

Mexicanos.

A.

Contribuciones 2a

parte.

parte.

conocimiento

al

al

City)

City)

City)

los

trombi-

de

los

trombi-

11: 29- 36.

conocimiento

Ciencia ( Mex.

de

10: 148- 53.

conocimiento

Ciencia ( Mex.

Contribuciones 4a

al

Ciencia ( Mex.

Contribuciones 3a

1951b.

Mexicanos.

parte.

de

los

11: 97- 103.

trombi-

0913

Cien.

( Mex.

de

los

trombi( Mex.

Ciencia

parte).

conocimiento ( 9a

de

los

trombi-

Acta

parte).

Zool.

9):

(

Rev.

A.

Hoffmann,

parasitos

lla

de

los

trombiAn.

los

Esc.

trombi-

Folia

parte.

( Acarina).

p.

Ento-

Proc.

batracios

de

1st.

Int.

1024- 27. y

reptiles

en

11: 209- 16.

Parasitol.

Microbiol.

Lat.- Amer.

Estudio monografico de los trombiculido de Mexico

1970.

Trombiculidae)

Acarina:

de

parte).

conocimiento

al

New York.

Pr. ,

Acaros

1969.

A.

Mexico.

( l0a

Trombiculidae)

Mexican Trombiculidae Pergamon

Parasitol.

Hoffmann,

conocimiento

3- 18.

1966.

A.

Hoffmann,

primera

An.

parte.

Nac.

Esc.

Biol.

Cien.

18: 191- 263.

Mex.

Folia

Trombiculidae).

Los

Hogue,

Ang.

C. L.

Accounts.

Hokari,

Cty.

K.

Singapore. Japanese)

Univ.

1945. Bull.

insects Ser.

Sci.

1983.

in D. H.

723- 24,

Entomol .

The

1974.

C. L.

Hogue,

Ecological

1972.

A.

0924 * Hoffmann,

Mus.

Contribuciones

1965.

A.

al

Trombiculidae)

12: 101- 09.

Mex.

Biol.

Mexicanos ( Acarina:

Mex.

Congr.

0927

trombi-

Doctor Eduardo Caballero y Caballero.

Hom.

( Acarina:

Mexicanos

Hoffmann,

mol.

0926

al

Contribuciones

1963.

A.

culidos

0925

los

Ciencia

conocimiento ( 8a

Trombiculidae) .

Trombiculidae).

Hoffmann,

Nac.

0923

de

parte).

555- 58.

culidos

0922

7a

Una nueva especie Mexicana del genero Trombicula

1960c.

A.

Hoffmann, Acarina,

0921

Esc.

4: 1- 11.

Mex.

0920

al

Contribuciones

1960b.

A.

Mexicanos ( Acarina,

culidos

0919

trombi-

An.

20: 99- 105.

Hoffmann,

p.

trombi-

los

parte).

conocimiento (

Trombicul. )

Mexicanos ( Acarina,

City)

0918

Contribuciones

1960a.

A.

Hoffmann, culidos

0917

( 6a

los

16: 147- 48.

City) 0916

al

Trombicul.)

( Acar. ,

Mexicanos.

culidos

de

conocimiento

al

Contribuciones

1957.

A.

Hoffmann,

de

12: 87- 94.

City)

8: 17- 30.

Mex.

Biol.

conocimiento

( Mex.

Trombiculidae)

( Acarina,

Mexicanos.

Cien.

al

Ciencia

parte.

Contribuciones

1954.

A.

culidos

0915

5a

Mexicanos.

Hoffmann,

Nac.

Contribuciones

1952.

A.

Hoffmann, culidos

0914

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

66

(

Chicago

ed. ,

Pr. ,

Los

of

the

27):

i-x

Costa

trombiculids

( Acarina:

23- 24: 116.

Mex.

Eutrombicula

Janzen,

on

observations

+

Angeles

Basin.

( Coloradillas, Natural

Rican

Chicago,

Nat.

Hist.

1- 173.

Pp.

chiggers) .

History,

Species

Ill.

Survey of Trombicula in Sime Road Internee Camp, Nampogun

Boekikyusui- Bu

Singapore

( 109):

1- 6.

(

in

loommirommom

SEPTEMBER, 1986

0928

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Holman,

L. J.

Acarina:

1973.

Continuous insemination in Eutrombicula splendens

Trombiculidae).

Proc.

eds. ,

67

3rd.

Int.

723- 25, Acarol . ,

Pp.

Congr.

in

M.

Daniel

Prague,

Prague.

0929

Horikawa,

0930

K.

1957.

in Mie

netsu"

Howard,

C. W.

1918.

Minnesota.

0931

Hsu,

Study

Prefecture. A

H. T.

Chen.

0932

Hsu,

P. R. &

ture

Hsu,

Chen.

China

P. K. &

( 3):

H. T.

Kwangtung.

report

(

Rosicky,

Academia,

(

twenty- day)

in Japanese) the

on

Trombidiidae

of

17: 111- 44.

Sin.

9: 237- 54.

(

in Chinese with

The relationship between the tempera-

Trombicula

of

B.

On some species of GlobularoschoenZool.

1963.

development

and

Abstr.

0933

H. T.

Acta

1: 3- 7.

Minn.

1957.

Trombicula. English abstract) and

" Hatsuka

so- called

J.

preliminary

State Entomol.

Rep.

P. R. &

gastia

the

on

Mie Med.

&

1971 .

akamushi

var.

deliensis.

Sci.

8- 9. Chen.

Acta

1964.

Entomol.

Eight new species of scrub mites from

Sin.

13: 737- 52.

(

in Chinese with English

summary) 0934

Hsu,

P. K.,

G. )

I. T.

Hsu &

Gahrliepia:

genus

G. (

agrariusa,

Study

T. R.

G. (

Ven.

1965. Five new species of the subhiangsiensis, G. ( G.) radiopunctata, G.

G.)

G.)

G. (

yunnanensis,

tsutsugamushi,

of

41).

part

G.)

Acta

megascutata from China. Zootaxon. Sin. 2: 74- 84.

in Chinese with English summary) 0935

Hsu,

P. R.,

of

rodent

I. T.

Hsu,

in

caves

Province.

Acta

C. C. the

Li & H. T.

" Shatien

Zool.

Sin.

Chen.

area"

of

16: 123- 31.

1964. Peal

(

The arthropod fauna

River

in

Delta,

Chinese

Kwangtung

with

English

summary) 0936

Hsu,

P. R.,

C. S.

Li & H. T.

Chen.

1963.

The effect of irradiation with

r- ray Co60 on the development and reproductive power of Trombicula akamushi

var.

deliensis.

Acta

Entomol.

Sin.

12: 578- 85.

(

in Chinese

with English summary) 0937

Hsu,

P. R.,

habits

T. C.

13: 56- 66. 0938

0939

Hsu,

(

P. R.,

K. C.

deliensis

Med.

J.

var.

K. C.

deliensis

Microbiol.

0940

Hsu, and

Y. C. its

Chinese)

Su & as

78: 276.

P. R.,

& H. T.

Chen.

akamushi

1964.

var.

Studies on the egg- laying

deliensis.

Acta

Entomol.

Sin.

in Chinese with English summary)

var.

Hsu,

Liu

Trombicula

of

(

Sin.

1954. relation

Chen. to

1959a.

the

Larvae of Trombicula akamushi

epidemiology

of

scrub

typhus.

Chin.

in Chinese)

Su & as

H. T.

related

H. T.

Chen.

related

7: 1- 9.

(

Studies to

to

1959b.

Larvae of Trombicula akamushi

the

epidemiology in Chinese) on

tsutsugamushi.

diseases.

Acta

Med.

of

Part

scrub

1.

Sin.

typhus.

Acta

The chigger mite 4: 260- 65. ( in

ctrl..

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

68

0941

Hsu,

3: 7- 28.

Sin.

0942

Hsu,

history

Hsu,

ification

mites

in

(

Studies

2.

Part

on

the Acta

Trombiculidae).

Acariformes:

(

species differentiation and class16: 101- 06.

Sin.

Zool.

Studies

Trombiculidae).

( Acariformes:

Acta

34.

Part

tsutsugamushi.

Microbiol.

Chinese)

The generic and

Trombiculindus

of

Acta

mites.

chigger

tsutsugamushi.

on

chigger

9: 452- 59.

1964.

Y. C.

of

Chinese)

Studies

of

Sin.

Entomol.

0943

in

(

1959.

Y. C.

life

Classification

1957.

Y. C.

in

(

on

Chinese

with English summary) 0944

Hsu,

Trombiculidae,

Sin.

0945

Hsu,

Chekiang

Province

Walchia).

Acta

(

Trombiculidae,

family

in

(

chigger mite

Gahrliepia,

genus

6: 449- 60.

Sin.

Entomol.

Ento-

abstract)

A new species of

1956b.

Wen.

T. W.

Y. C. &

Acta

Acarina) .

order

sp. ( family 6: 129- 30. ( in Chinese with English

Acomatacarus mol.

Finding of adults and breeding place of

1956a.

Wen.

T. W.

Y. C. &

Chinese

from

subgen.

with

English

summary)

0946

Hsu,

deliensis Walch (

Med.

Chin.

0947

Hsu,

78: 282- 83.

J.

hoekinae ( Acariformes, Studies

Acariformes).

Chinese)

Revision

subfamily

the

of

and

Trombiculidae)

tsutsugamushi,

on

in

(

order

Trombiculidae,

family

1962.

Wen.

T. W.

Y. C. &

The life history and mating habits of

1959.

Wen.

T. W.

Y. C. &

Trombicula

description

of Sin.

33.

Acta

Entomol.

&Y. C.

Hsu.

1981.

part

Leeuwen-

a new genus.

12: 49- 53.

in Chinese with English summary) 0948

Hsu,

Wuyi

from Wuyishan

0949

Sci.

Huber,

0950

Huber,

Paris

of

of

A

new

species

of

Trombiculidae).

Reserve ( Acariformes:

in Chinese with English summary)

(

culture

index

an

as

jars.

to

relative

the

humidity

of

60: 289- 91.

Wash.

Soc.

Entomol.

Proc.

Prey attraction and immobilization by allomone from

1978.

I.

nymphs

Natural

Color

1958.

I.

plaster

1: 214- 17.

J.

lie

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On

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9: 1032- 36.

the

Proc.

steppe.

Inst.

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(

Akad.

forest

central

Nauk.

( N. )

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for

1910)

the

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(

trombiculid

10th.

Conf.

Sta.

( Riga) ,

Hushcha, Acari: Soviet

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Dopov.

Euschoengastia a

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the

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the

Ukrainian

Probs.

Diseases

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a

of

New data on the distribution of the mite Trom-

russica

Rep.

Acari:

(

Akad.

1959b.

Vasculum,

Trombicula

mite

Rep.

bicula ( L.)

0957

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larval

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Daniel,

(

1957

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0960

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Kiev.

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(

the

of

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Avtoref.

Diss.

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in Russian)

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Akad.

Ewing,

bobaci sp. nov.Trombiculidae) . intermediate hosts and

new

Nauk.

Ukr.

RSR.

(

Pp.

species

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29- 32,

in

Probl.

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New species of trombiculid mites of the genus 1938)

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1966b.

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(

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0963

0964

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English summary) 0965

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of

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the

New and insufficiently studied species of the

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1929 ( Acariformes,

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in

(

from

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Russian

with

English

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0967

n.

Acariformes,

(

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from

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1960,

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Ornithogastia

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a

description

species

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English

Doloisia

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Trombi-

(

a

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19- 26.

4):

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0968

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A

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the

of

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2):

(

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in

(

Russian

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gymnodactyli

0970

A

n.

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0971

J.

0972

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0973

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0974

0975

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1928,

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The

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Jeu, on

Studies

1027

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Hsueh

M. H. &

Y. C.

Jeu,

Part

gamushi.

25) .

larvae

and

Shanghai

12).

Part

moisture

( Acariformes, Ti

on

the

by

caused

penetration

the

of

bite,

chigger

host Neo-

Acta

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in Chinese with English summary)

(

Ecological

1960.

gallinarum

Acta

temperature

( Acariformes,

Hatori

Hsu.

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mite,

Studies

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Y. C.

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(

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of

gallinarum

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on

4: 293- 302.

Pao

gallinarum

Sin.

Microbiol.

Studies

histological

and

schoengastia

1028

(

Yuan

tissue

Odon-

Trombi-

Entomol.

Acta

34).

Part

effects

Neoschoengastia

of

viability

The

1957.

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Hsueh

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( Acariformes,

Gahrliepia

genus

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Obata,

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The

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(

M. H. & the

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Fukuzumi

species

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1026

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1920.

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10: 289- 301.

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Entomol.

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chicken

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Chinese with

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T. W.

M. H. &

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G. W.

methods

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Part

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A preliminary

1957.

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( Studies

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Tsutsugamushi

1946.

Wharton.

of

Entomol.

study on chiggers in-

Trombiculidae).

S.

disease.

Nay.

Med.

Epidemi-

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46:

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Ohio

D. B.

Ixodides)

Agric.

Exp.

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A catalog of the determined species of Acari the

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All

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some

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chigger- mites

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1034

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1036

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Fonsecia

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1035

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reptiles,

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Loomis

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On

( Acari:

Jones,

the occurrence

Parasitol.

1039

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Acarine

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growth:

166: 823. a

new

ecdysial

1040

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1041

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1950d.

B. M.

bicula

Nature

mechanism.

A method of studying the distribution and bio-

trombiculid

of

B. M.

Jones,

a

Experimental rearing of the British harvest mite

stage.

Trombicula

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Med.

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palmella

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Ecological and systematic notes

genera

Wacker.

development in Eutrombicula Entomol.

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the

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( Acarina:

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1033

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The

J.

The

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Exp.

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Parasitology

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Shaw.

sensory physiology

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and

The penetration of the host tissue by the harvest

autumnalis

the

of

40: 247- 60.

the

of

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Trom-

mite,

27: 461- 94. harvest

mite,

Trombicula autum-

41: 229- 47.

On the role of the integument in acarine develop-

bearing

on

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1043

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The

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1044

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Trans.

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Kans.

Lampe,

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Sci.

Spenrath &

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Kunz.

1973.

Notes

on the distribution and natural history of bats in southeastern MonOccas.

tana.

1045

Jones,

J. K.

records

1046

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Mus.

Pap.

Jr.,

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bats

from

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Kans.

Acad.

Joshee, rats.

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A. K. J.

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Webb.

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New

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Trans.

55: 312- 14.

1964. Sci.

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trombiculid

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1048

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1050

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Le

1899a.

S.

de

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des

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a

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Sur le mode fixation des larvae parasites hexa-

1892.

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S.

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l'

de

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trombidion.

Arch.

la

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Encore

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2: 28- 33.

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Parasitol.

Arch.

rouget.

le

el

vegetant

uropode

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Pref. ,

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Police

de

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in

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Tsutsugamushi

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T.

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du

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pieces

Arch.

l' homme.

2: 633.

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1052

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Yamagata Co.

Printing

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58.

in

(

Japanese)

1053

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Army 1054

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August

Office,

Army

in

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London.

Directorate,

Med.

Mimeographed

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October,

to

Scrub

al .

et

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S. E.

in

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17.

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U. P. ,

Hills,

anatomy of

Investigations

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S. L.

Kalra,

internal

the

on

Typhus

Scrub

Walch.

deliensis

bicula

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Kalra,

(

see

Trop.

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Asia.

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important

rat

lice,

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II.

sandflies).

of

vectors

importance ( ticks,

medical

Indian

J.

Mites.

and its

Army

Med.

Corps

A.

Shir-

166- 70. M.

K.,

Watanabe,

Tsuboi &

Y.

asaka,

insect

Some

1951.

S. L.

1056 * Kalra,

people

3: 137- 41.

Corps

Med.

Army

Indian

J.

its

Islands) ,

( Maldive

Atoll

Addu

1947c.

S. L.

Kalra,

Katori,

K.

Y.

Suzuki,

Seasonal

1972.

Kubota.

K.

H.

Wada,

occurrence

of

trom-

biculid mites and its endemiological aspects in a mountain village of Toyama

Japan.

Prefecture.

J.

Zool.

Sanit.

23: 83- 87.

(

in

Japanese

with English summary). 1058

Ramo,

sp. Med.

1059

Kamo,

H.

1953.

On

nov.

from

birds

1060

Kamo, mite

4: 199- 204.

Sci.

Japan.

1955.

H.

found

6: 169- 73.

On

1954.

H.

Kyushu.

a

(

in in

J.

new

(

the

trombiculid

mite,

Mackiena

todai

Kyushu

Trombiculidae).

trombiculid mites Zool.

Trombicula

Kyushu ( Acarina: Japanese)

of

J.

in Japanese)

Sanit.

On

species

Kyushu ( Acarina:

in

5: 52.

(

fukuoka

collected

from birds

in

in Japanese)

sp.

nov. ,

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a

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H.,

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1063

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of

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new

209- 16.

et

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K. &

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1068 * Kano,

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(

R.

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1959.

R.,

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Bull.

T.

R.,

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trombiculid

1073 * Karasawa, in

T.

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S.

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Japan.

on

arthropods

Prefecture.

on

two

of

medical

Japan.

species

Taiwan.

Japan.

Kugoh.

(

Med.

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J.

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J.

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Soc.

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in

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J.

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2: 491- 98. Y.

(

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their

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1956.

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Group,

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J.

Sanit.

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Kaneko &

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Notes on the seasonal occurrence of lar-

Miura

in Japanese,

(

Islands.

to their seasonal

Toshioka,

1957.

mites

mites

Hachijo

of

trombiculid

trombiculid

of

on

T.

Kugoh.

Amami- Oshima

1961. Islands.

Five Japan.

species J.

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1956.

the

in

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12: 135.

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Notes

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Zool.

trombi-

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Proc.

K.

R. &

(

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islands

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1952.

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on

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Zool.

Japan,

val

Notes

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Report on the survey of Trombicula deliensis

Akiyama.

three

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Sanit.

1071 * Kano,

1957.

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Kwangchou

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17: 169- 72.

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in

Trombiculid mites of Amami- Oshima 18: 158. ( in Japanese)

J.

on

Zool.

Kaneko, mites

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1069

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bats

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al.

the

on

Sanit.

1066 * Kaneko,

1067

N.

On the trombiculid mites in (

in Chinese)

1065 * Kaneko, J.

1955.

5: 207- 15.

Acarina:

(

in Japanese)

Ishii.

Sci.

Kagashima &

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(

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H. C.,

(

Med.

species

(

infested

40.

7: 29- 35.

Egashira & Y.

mites

two

1064 * Kan,

Records of trombiculid mites from Aves in Kyushu.

Sci.

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H. ,

culid

77

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Distribution of of

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rivers

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Shinano

Niigata

and

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Uono,

and

Zasshi

its

epidemio-

70: 52- 77.

(

in

Japanese)

1074

Kardos,

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Neotrombicula ( ina:

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36: 69- 123.

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1076

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Sasa,

I.

Nakaya,

Studies

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M.

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Entomol.

Med.

Oda,

A.

T.

Kawashima &

F.

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R.

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Suzuki,

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A.,

Kawamura,

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Preliminary notes on parthenogenesis Leptotrombidium arenicola Traub,

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1960 ( Acarina:

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(

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trombiculid

of

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1966.

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T. &

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23: 738- 40.

Japan

Pathol .

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Trans.

mice.

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54: 499- 508.

A new method of finding Rickettsia tsutsugamushi from

1933.

T.

Kato,

Trombicu-

( Acarina:

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central

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Am.

Soc.

Entomol.

( Neo-

Trombicula

larval

the

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Taxonomic

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(

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1079

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About

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in

(

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the methods Med.

Tokyo

to J.

zu

Akamushi

Nippon

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and

the

Byorigaku

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Hattori

Beziehung

tsutsugamushi

to

1920a.

Yamaguchi.

& M.

Hattori

10: 470- 79.

Zasshi

1085

T.

relationships

seasonal

der

in Japanese)

(

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mit

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& M.

Hattori

T.

R. ,

Kawamura,

1951.

2: 8- 9.

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derselben

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Fukuzumi &

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Cincinnati

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tsutsugamushi

on

Coll . Med.

zugleich

NordJapan.

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R.

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Pathol.

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birds

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On the relationship

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(

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tsutsuthe of study Tokyo 48: 553- 63. Mag.

in Japanese)

1088

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R. &

tsutsugamushi

Y.

Imagawa.

Krankheit.

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Rickettsia akamushi in body field

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Igakkai

Kawamura,

R. &

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Zasshi

M.

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M.

I).

I.

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1099 * Kawashima,

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1091 * Kawamura,

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1100 * Kawashima, in

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Linz

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Z.

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Oestalpen.

1117

Die

Oekologie

Willmann

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Z.

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Z.

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sitenkd.

1116

Die

1960a.

0.

Nymphe

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Kepka,

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Systematik,

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xerothermobia

Stadt

Die

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0.

Kepka,

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Ges.

Zool.

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Die Trombidiose

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0.

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im

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U- Fam.

Narurk.

Oudms.

1115

Ein

1958c.

0.

reich.

1114

Verh.

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von

Kepka,

6):

(

160: 151- 58.

0.

Kepka,

K1.

Naturwiss.

Eine neue Art des Genus Cheladonta aus Oesterreich.

1958b.

Anz.

Kepka,

Math.

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culidae,

1113

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tailed

white-

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tung

1112

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Ein Beitrag zur Verbreitung and Biologie der TrombiBur-

fam.

Acari:

0.

Kepka,

Zool .

1111

Strickland

R. K.

Ueber Vorkommen von Trombidiose in Steiermark and

1956.

0.

Kepka,

fam.

1110

50: 141- 43.

collected

Oesterr.

Anz.

genland

1109

Kistner,

1953.

0.

Kepka,

culinae

1108

T. P.

parasites

Kaernten.

1107

Entomol.

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mol.

1106

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F. E.,

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Small- plot tests for the control of

1957.

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J. C. &

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22: 98.

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Z.

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1119

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1120

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Die

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small

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J.

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in Korean)

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Sanit.

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in a (

in

Japanese)

1128

Kimura,

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N.

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1129

1130

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(

in

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K.

Tokyo

ding

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to

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S.

Inatomi.

Districts

1961.

in

Japan.

1:

Notes

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the

on

Cited

by

family

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Kishida

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1946.

Tokyo,

1132 * Kitahara,

K.

Kyushu).

1134 * Kitahara,

K.

1135 * Kitahara,

1953.

K. & on

the

on

p.

Sanit.

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as

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Ken-

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family

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on

study

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of

in

kedani.

Japan.

Iji

Ken-

1- 8.

(

disease

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Kuroshima

Island.

in Japanese)

chigger

Kagoshima Med.

Japan.

especially Japanese,

Zool.

1952b.

Rep.

horsefly.

ed.

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K.

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kyusha,

Report

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K.

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Japan.

Okuyama

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kyusha,

Shimbun

1131

Yamaguchi &

found

gamushi

Coll.

mites

collected

2: 4- 5.

(

from

Kuroshima

in Japanese)

Trombiculid mite in Kuroshima which lives on the J.

Sanit.

Yaita.

Doloisia

abstract)

Zool.

1957. okabei.

4: 19.

(

in Japanese)

Tsutsugamushi in Kagoshima District, Japan.

J.

Sanit.

Zool.

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(

in

mr

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

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lice

king

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Japan.

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Hyuga

in

1959.

Yamamoto.

S.

K. &

1136 * Kitahara, Japanese)

Tojinwara

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the

J.

Sanit.

Komine-

on

the

seasonal

10: 106- 07.

Zool.

Sanit.

J.

Japan.

cho.

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mites Japan.

Prefecture.

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Note

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Prefecture

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District,

City,

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(

on

Kagoshima

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1959.

T.

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Kaseda

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area

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Yamamoto.

S.

K. &

1137 * Kitahara,

occurrence

in

(

Japanese,

abstract)

distribution

30: 595- 608.

Kenkyu

Igaku

City.

Nobeoka

Komine- type,

Notes on the seasonal

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Prefecture:

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District,

in

Studies on trombiculid mites in the Gokase River

1960a.

T.

1139 * Kitamura,

in

(

Japanese with English summary)

30: 609- 24.

Kenkyu

and

rodents

Sanit.

(

survey in Japanese)

result

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of

Rickettsia J.

Japan.

mites.

Studies on trombiculid mites in the Gokase River

1960d.

T.

30: 998- 1002.

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Igaku

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Miyazaki

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Isolation

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successive

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Zool.

1142 * Kitamura,

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Miyazaki

District,

Igaku

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and

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(

1960c.

T.

1141 * Kitamura,

Species

2.

Prefecture.

Miyazaki

District,

from

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1960b.

T.

1140 * Kitamura,

in

(

Japanese with English summary) 1143 * Kitamura,

T.,

mitamurai

12: 25- 30.

Zool.

1144

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M.

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tori.

A.,

orientalis

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M.,

for

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Sanit.

J.

in

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the

Akita

J.

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Prague)

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K.

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species

mite

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a

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carrier

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Japan.

of

Hyg.

17: 478- 86.

1972.

Otsuji.

Prefecture

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in Japanese)

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Proc.

in Japan.

the

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mites

J.

season.

zooMed.

9: 592.

Entomol.

1147

K. man

on Trombicula

Japan.

trombiculid

of

( Acarina,

(

Taniguchi,

H.

occurrence

kawamurai

Rickettsia

477- 90.

p.

Okubo,

K.

typhus

scrub

of

Congr.

Med.

Seasonal

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1146

Epidemiology

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(

Japan.

Assembly

1145 * Kitaoka,

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1961.

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S.

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M.,

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1974.

Transmission of

Ricket-

tsia orientalis to man by Leptotrombidium akamushi at a scrub typhus endemic

993- 99.

area

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Japan.

Am.

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23:

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to

endemic

1976.

classical

Epidemiol.

83

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in

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1150

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M.,

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4,

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K.

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1972.

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1950.

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ben-

3: 381- 88.

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Rep.

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Studies

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Japanese)

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1910.

measure

Studies on tsutsugamushi disease.

of

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in Japanese) M.

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Kitasato Arch.

L.

as

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Asanuma & J.

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Med.

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1157

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use

A.

T. &

No.

Studies on Shichito fever,

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notes

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scrub

1953: 13- 19.

Rept.

additional

typhus

Okubo,

typhus

Kitashima,

1953.

in Japanese)

M.,

scrub

in Japanese)

in Japanese)

Okubo,

Japan.

Kitaoka, on

K.

scrub

control

(

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K.

20:

On tsutsugamushi disease in Kochi Pre-

Trombicula

Chiba

Pre-

in Japanese)

(

Kitaoka,

(

in

scrub

of

zoate).

1155

(

M.,

ecology

with

Okubo,

typhus

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81- 82.

scrub

1952. 7: 793- 94.

zoophilism

1953: 10- 17. 1152

Ohara. Igaku

K.

On

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On

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Sago

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1918.

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1956.

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46: 253- 56.

Kodama,

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group

Prefecture.

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& I.

III.

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Trombiculid Lab. ,

mites

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on

recovered

Pref.

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the in

106- 29.

in Japanese)

1160

Kodama,

T.,

Kanasugi, mites

Rep.

and

Hyg.

F.

I.

Harada,

J.

Ishii,

Momoumi,

N.

Sukegawa &

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I.

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S.

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1163

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Zasshi

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41: 374- 96.

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T.

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Pp.

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G. K.,

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Sanit.

J.

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in Japanese)

(

G. M.

Kohls,

Prefecture

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in

mites

Tokito.

N.

Yamada &

K.

Kotake,

I.

Ishii,

J.

Harada,

F.

T.,

Kodama,

in

(

Japanese)

1165

of

1166

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Mus.

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Acad.

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1169

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29: 5- 27.

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C. R.

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la

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Two new species of larval trombiculids from kepkai

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la

de (

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(

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1970.

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A

-

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1969.

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( Acarina:

21: 383- 86.

Balkangebirges

Inst.

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( Acarina:

Bulgaria

in

bats

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Bulg.

Kolebinova,

des

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( Neotrombicula)

Neotrombicula

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parasitic

species

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Schoutedenichia

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species

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Kayella

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8: 675- 79.

Acarologia

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Inst.

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Sci.

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on

parasitic

in Russian)

(

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two

thracica

Acad.

Bulgaria.

in

mammals

Trombiculidae),

( Acarina:

Trombiculinae

subfamily

Kolebinova,

A contribution to the studies on the larvae

1966a.

M. G.

Kolebinova,

Acad.

Neotrombicula

and

Bulg.

24: 785- 88.

Sci.

( Acarina,

corvi

(

with

Russian

summary)

1171

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larva

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M. G.

parasite

of

rodents

Euschoengastia

from

europaea,

Bulgaria.

C. R.

a

Acad.

new

trombiculid Sci.

Bulg.

24:

915- 17. 1172

Kolebinova, srandjeani,

a

new

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Kolebinova, new

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M. G.

trombiculid

Bulg.

Sci.

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1971c.

M. G.

C. R.

1972a. larva

larva Acad.

from

Bulgaria

vercammen-

on

Microtinae

parasiting

Bulg.

Neotrombicula

25: 673- 75.

( Hoffmannina)

Sci.

some

24: 1397- 99.

( Neotrombicula)

( Acarina:

serbovae,

Trombiculidae).

a

C. R.

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Inst.

85

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Reservation.

Acad.

Russian with English

summary) 1175

Kolebinova, M. G. larva ( Acarina,

1973.

Neotrombicula

Trombiculidae)

balcanica,

from Bulgaria.

a

new

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trombiculid

Acad.

1176

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1177

M. G.

Bulgaria.

Kolebinova,

M. G.

culidae) ,

Sci.

1178

1974a.

C. R.

a

Two

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Bulg.

1974b.

Hoffmannina ( Acarina:

new

Sci.

Trombiculidae)

27: 971- 74.

Neoschoengastia rustica larva from Bulgaria.

Acarina,

(

trombiculid

new

C. R.

Trombi-

Acad.

27: 1113- 15.

Kolebinova,

Sci.

Bulg.

26: 695- 97.

Bulg.

M. G.

1974c. Faunistic and ecological studies of the larvae ( Acarina: Trombiculidae) infesting small mammals in the district of Sofia. Acad. Bulg. Sci. Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus. 39: 99- 131. ( trombiculid

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sp. , Beitr.

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sp. ,

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new

larval

larva

talpae

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sp.

M. G.

Bulgaria.

Leptotrombidium ( Ericotrombidium) rheinwaldi, ( Acarina) from Morocco. Zool.

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an

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elephant

culidae).

Neotrombicula ( Neotrombicula)

shrew

Biol.

1984. a

16: 69- 76.

Bulg.

parasite

elegantissima

Tanzania ( Acarina:

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61: 293- 96.

Gerbillicula

rodent

from

parasite

deserta g.

n. ,

sp.

from North Africa.

n.

Acta

(

Acarina,

Zool.

24: 73- 76. 1184

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et

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larval

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des

Nat.

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vandeli

Speleol.

1186

P.

parasites

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1185

n.

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( Hoffmannina)

trombiculid

new

30: 487- 90.

Acarina,

1182

A

6: 62- 65.

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25: 173- 78. M. G. &

(

C. R.

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rougets

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Balc.

Mus.

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deux

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chauve

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and

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mediterranea

24: 91- 94.

n.

sp.

(

Acarina,

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The

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Studies

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F.

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Comparative

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Inst.

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Acta

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Acar-

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A new species of

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U.

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Trombi-

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1323

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1326

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Soc.

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36:

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Para-

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1329

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A

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Eu-

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3rd.

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52: 768- 71.

Misc.

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Parasitol.

J.

Entomol .

new

37: 251- 67.

Bull.

chiggers

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America.

Med.

A

1966c.

of

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of

genus

new

J.

( Acarina,

R. B.

J.

gers.

Kans.

48: 153- 54.

of

species.

species

genus

Acad.

Calif.

brates

chigger

37: 1195- 443.

discovery

North

A

the

of

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Loomis,

of

Univ.

Kansas ( Acarina,

of

mites

Parasitol.

J.

new

new

1966b.

R. B.

trombicula

1345

A

western

Mexico.

Parasecia)

South.

species States.

Sci.

Kans.

authorship of two ( Acarina,

passages

two

of

1966a.

R. B.

western

Loomis,

new

United

trigenuala

The

nasal

1964.

R. B.

in

E.

and

1963.

from lizards 1342

six

Ewing and two related chigger

Univ.

Bull.

lectotypes.

of

descriptions

Loomis,

and

central

chigger

Sci.

Change

diversa

R. B.

culidae) with

The

Kans.

1962.

R. B.

Loomis,

the

Trombicula gurneyi

1956.

schoengastia

1340

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Univ.

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1339

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36: 919- 41.

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Loomis,

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A of

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Colima,

Jalisco,

BULL. SOC. VECTOR• ECOL.

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M.

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on

other

genus

Eu-

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South.

Bull.

New

1963.

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species

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Acarologia

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26: 32- 34.

Soc.

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R. B. &

Loomis, of

D. A.

R. B. &

with

61: 177- 84.

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eastern

Ana

species

new

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Santa

the

A

1962.

Bunnell.

Acarina,

from

chiggers

Calif.

(

VOL. 11, NO. 1

83. 1354

Loomis, notes

1355

1356

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other

R. B. &

Loomis,

Davis.

bats

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Med.

10: 113- 17.

Loomis,

R. B. &

M. L.

R. B. &

Loomis,

A

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Goff.

L. J.

central

J. L.

Lucas.

and

Two

new

new

species

Guntheria

mites

chigger

Kans.

J.

of J.

( Acari:

20: 87- 89.

Entomol.

States.

with

46: 497.

two

of

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Acarina,

Med.

in

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genus

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new

J.

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the

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from

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A

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Goff.

bat

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southern

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Entomol.

The

1965.

North American

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1357

R. M.

( genus

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Soc.

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Loomis,

R. B.

Acarina, western

1359

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Loomis,

B. B. &

Acarina: Calif.

1361

J. L.

Hexidionis

South.

1360

North America.

R. B. &

Loomis, of

&

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Acad.

H.

Sci.

B. B. &

R. B.

1362

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Acad.

Loomis,

R. B. &

L. C.

Acarina: Bull.

1363

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1364

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Calif.

R. B. &

J. R. B. &

Guaymas,

R. C.

Mammal.

R. C. Sonora.

Calif.

A new

species

rats

Acad.

subgenus from

of

Sci.

and

North

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(genus

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species Bull.

69: 52- 59.

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A

1975. from

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Neotrombicula

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southern

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South.

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Somerby.

New

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and

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new

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Mexico.

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65: 211- 24.

Spath.

1969. from

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South.

South.

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Euschoengastia ( Acarina,

South.

new

kangaroo

1970.

Lucas.

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Acad.

Loomis,

Bull.

( Acarina,

A

1969.

from

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A new species of Odontacarus Ewing

lizards

Sci.

Stephens.

of

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California

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in

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68: 187- 90. 1962.

Marmosa

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1366

Loomis,

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L. K.

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Loomis,

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R. B. &

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Acad.

1370

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Sci.

Loomis,

R. B.

Calif.

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1372

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W. J.

three

& C. E.

new

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Sonora,

species

Acad.

A new

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Mexico.

Speleocola

from

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Baja

68: 36- 42.

Sci.

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the

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70: 102- 03.

Sci.

Hidalgo,

species

Mexico.

from

A

Bufo

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Microtrombicula

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Wrenn.

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The

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Chichester,

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(

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Welbourn.

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Acarina: America,

Trombi-

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Pizonyx

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Webb,

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J. P.

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J. P.

A

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Crypticula,

subgenus

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femorosacca,

Sci.

Webb,

Mexico.

chiggers

lizard

National

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J. P.

The

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Tree

Tanigoshi.

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Sci.

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1369

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1368

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South.

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1376

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South.

the

Acta

the

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Entomol .

seasonal

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the

19: 101- 08.

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five Ento-

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Part

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(

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in

(

On

on

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river

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aka-

Japanese)

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aka-

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(

life

the

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river

(

the

of

The

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Japanese

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T.

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Zasshi

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of

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On

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Observations Soc.

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from

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re-

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Acarologia

region.

designation

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Australian

ental-

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on

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a

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1968b.

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Acarina)

A

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1495

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1498

1500

1502

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New

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Correlation

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Hist.

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A collec-

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Oriental

Ectoparasites

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Insects

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Trom-

13: 75- 80.

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the

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Nat.

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biculidae) 1501

to

to

A review of intranasal chiggers with descrip-

species

1970c.

M.

culidae).

Bull.

approach

7: 131- 44.

Nadchatram,

tion

reference

Entomol.

M.

typhus

subgenus

1499

1970b.

Med.

J.

chiggers,

scrub

ecological

56: 453.

M.

Nadchatram,

An

with special

twelve

of

lidae).

1970a.

M.

of

M.

genera

Recent

1979c. of

The nymphal leg chaetotaxy of seven species in

trombiculid

Advances

in

mites.

Acarology,

Pp. Vol .

2.

417- 24,

in

Academic

J. G. Pr. ,

Rodriguez, New

York.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

1503

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Nadchatram,

1980a.

M.

Prostigmata:

1504

1505

Nadchatram,

1980b.

M.

The

Trombiculidae) ,

the

of

tracheae

Nadchatram,

amphibious

1983.

M.

Nadchatram,

M.

Vol.

2.

1984. in

Ellis

Nadchatram,

Old

of

World

Entomol.

Iguanacarus,

genus

sea

J.

snakes.

Entomol.

new

Med.

( Acari:

status

a new species

Entomol.

from

17: 529- 32.

brasiliensis

Kymocta

of

Whartonia ( Acari:

17: 324- 27.

with description of

(Acari:

20: 174- 76.

15. 11 The natural history of the genus LeptoTrombiculidae)

D. A.

M. &

Med.

redescription

Griffiths

Horwood,

J. R.

ipoides

carus

A Med.

( Acari:

1107- 13,

Pp.

J.

species

J.

Prostigmata:

trombidium

1507

new

Trombiculidae).

Trombiculidae). 1506

Two

109

with

Chichester,

Bowman,

eds. ,

typhus.

scrub

Acarology

VI,

England.

1965.

Audy.

Southcott

to

reference

& C. E.

The unusual

( Acarina,

life history of Vata-

Trombiculidae) .

Med.

Malaya

J.

20: 80- 81. 1508

Nadchatram,

M. &

families,

A. L.

genera

Prostigmata,

1974.

Dohany.

and

subgenera

Trombiculidae) .

A

Bull.

key

pictorial

Southeast

of

Inst.

Asian

Med.

to the

Res.

sub-

( Acari:

chiggers

Malaysia

( 16) :

1- 67. 1509

Nadchatram,

1510

Nadchatram, of

Pulau

M. &

M. &

1515

on

M. L.

Observations

Parasitic ( 34):

of

Lauren-

on the fauna

Acarina

of

the

mam-

129- 40.

Description Prostigmata:

1964.

of

a

new

species

Trombiculidae).

A new species of

ecology ( Acarina,

M. L.

( Acari:

Entomol.

Nadchatram,

M. &

1980.

Goff.

parasitic

M. ,

Schoengastia Med.

1966. 10.

1980. ( Acari:

Gentry.

notes

Trombiculidae).

Nadchatram,

J.

1: 29- 39.

Singapore

Fain.

J. W.

with

Megaciella)

1514

species

Entomol.

of

Rev.

scrub- itch mite

Trombiculidae).

J.

Med.

1: 1- 4.

Nadchatram,

Acari:

intranasal

Med.

Ng.

Tulai.

Rep.

Zaire

The

94: 521- 24.

Nadchatram,

Entomol .

A.

J.

C. R.

Pulau Mus.

from

Afr.

1964.

Domrow &

and

M. &

from Malaya,

1513

R.

Natl.

Gahrliepia

1512

Domrow.

Trombiculidae) .

M. ,

Nadchatram,

Zool .

R.

Tioman

Bull.

mals.

1511

M. &

(Acarina,

tella

on

J.

a

Med.

Goff &

A

new

migratory Entomol.

P.

species

bird

in

in

Blankaartia New

Guinea

17: 218- 20.

1980.

Thanalukshumi.

Trombiculidae)

of

Irian,

the

The

Asiatic- Pacific

genus

region.

17: 268- 81. A. R.

re- descriptions of

Joshee.

1966.

The

Indian

trombiculid

three species and description of

Odontacarus ( Acarina,

Trombiculidae) .

Acarologia

mites -

a new species of

8: 438- 49.

1516

J.

M. &

Nadchatram, gers

from

logies.

species

from

chiggers

new

chigAcari:

their

schoengastiine

J.

1:

Entomol.

Med.

from

Trombiculidae)

A

1969.

Lakshumy.

west

new

bio-

chiggers

329- 34.

a

vercammeni,

J.

Thailand.

species

and

new

new

Med.

record J.

Trombiculidae).

( Prostigmata:

Malaysia

Solomon

the

Islands

New bat chiggers

1965.

Mitchell.

C. J.

M. &

Nadchatram, and

on

(

Med.

6: 283- 85.

Entomol.

1520

reptilian

species

notes

Myotrombicula

1965b.

Acarina:

G. T.

M. &

Nadchatram, of

(

of

new

2: 230- 32.

Entomol.

1519

chigger

of

Two

Trombiculidae).

Lakshana.

P.

M. &

Nadchatram,

three

preliminary

1965a.

Lakshana.

P.

from Thailand ( Acarina:

1518

and

collection of

11: 581- 87.

Entomol.

M. &

Nadchatram,

descriptions

with

Trombiculidae)

Med.

J.

A

1974.

Kethley.

Thailand

Prostigmata,

1517

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

110

with

notes

on

the

subgenus

Entomol.

Med.

J.

Trombiculidae).

Vercammen- Grandjean ( Acarina:

from Thailand

Sasatrombicula 2:

70- 74. 1521

Trombiculidae)

Prostigmata,

1522

1523

bidium Med.

1524

Med.

1525

M. &

Nadchatram, the

Old

1527

1528

some

Nadchatram, mites

(

LeptotromJ.

Trombicula

of

s.

subcontinent.

str.

J.

Jr.

ecological

M. &

Acarina: J.

R. W.

et

al.

notes.

Upham,

(

Med.

Med.

nine

Entomol.

Six

1966a.

Jr.

Entomol.

of

Acarina:

J.

Trombiculidae)

Med.

Chiggers of

1971.

descriptions

Upham,

R. W.

new

species

Trombiculidae)

of

Guntherana

from

east

New

6: 263- 68.

J.

Nagayo

Three

1969.

Traub.

including

M. &

in Malaysia.

species

Indo- Pakistan

the

Trombiculidae).

Leptotrombidium with

new

( Prostigmata:

Entomol.

R.

M. &

World

Nadchatram,

from

Traub.

Heaslip

Med.

Prostigmata:

A

1966.

Traub.

R.

M. & and

J.

Guinea.

of

Trombiculidae).

3: 46- 48.

Entomol.

Womersley

1526

R.

Trombiculidae)

Nadchatram,

species

from

1: 65- 72.

1: 268- 76.

Entomol.

Acarina:

new

chiggers

of

Entomol.

Med.

from Southeast Asia ( Acarina,

( Lorillatum)

Nadchatram,

Three

1964b.

Traub.

R.

M. &

Nadchatram,

species

J.

Trombiculidae).

in Laos ( Acarina:

rodents

New

1964a.

Traub.

R.

M. &

Nadchatram,

8: 37- 40.

Entomol.

Med.

J.

snakes.

A second species of Vatacarus 1971. Radovsky. infesting the trachea of amphibious sea

F. J.

M. &

Nadchatram,

the genus Helenicula of new

species

new

species

Trombiculidae)

Entomol.

1966b.

collected 3: 345- 50.

Two

(

Acarina:

8: 562- 97. of

sylvatic

from Malaysia,

3: 101- 12. new

larval

trombiculid

from ground holes

and

birds

SEPTEMBER, 1986

1529

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Nadchatram,

Audy &

Nadchatram,

from

R. W.

( Acarina,

ther) ,

1530

M. &

Upham,

Womersley) ,

New

a

Jr.

synonym

1967.

M. &

Wilson.

N.

Leptotrombidium ( L. )

Leptotrombidium ( L.)

of

Trombiculidae).

Med.

J.

1965.

Guinea ( Acarina:

111

4: 376- 79.

Entomol.

Four new species

Trombiculidae).

J.

langati

bodense ( Gun-

Med.

of

bat

chiggers

Entomol .

2: 217-

24. 1531

Nadchatram,

M. &

N.

Wilson.

Mackiena ( Acarina:

1532

Nagayo,

1923.

M.

2134- 49,

Pp.

Medicine

1533

Nagayo,

in

M.,

T.

1534

Nagayo,

M.,

T.

tsugamushi"

Japan.

1535

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1536 * Nagayo,

T.

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(

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Three

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in Japanese)

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to

On

the

species

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tsutsugamushi

tsu-

"

Trans.

in Japanese)

Tamiya.

to

relation

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Tamiya.

(

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The

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On

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tustsugamushi

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tsutsu-

Trans .

Japan.

in Japanese)

T.

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first

A.

Imamura.

Tokyo

report.

1915.

Igakkai

On

Zasshi

the

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29: 1439-

Japanese)

M.,

Nagayo,

Frowde.

10: 142- 47.

Miyagawa,

Y.

Miyagawa,

M.,

Y.

active

the

of

egg in Japanese)

1538

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Entomol.

Archibald,

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Soc.

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the

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Igaku

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Jikken

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Byam &

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Nagayo,

W.

Tropics,

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A new species and new records of J.

The tsutsugamushi disease or Japanese

in

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1969.

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Miyagawa,

pupa

of

T.

Mitamura &

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T.

(

Mitamura &

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(

A.

Imamura.

A.

1916a.

The

Iji- Shimbun

mites).

Imamura.

(

1916b.

Iji-Shimbun

mites).

imago

948) : 1- 4.

The ( 956):

imago

1- 16.

in Japanese)

1539

Nagayo,

M.,

Y.

Miyagawa,

T.

Mitamura & A.

Imamura.

1916c.

The

zoo-

logical nomenclature and identification of artificially reared akaIji- Shimbun

mushi.

1540

Nagayo,

M.,

Mutterier

1541

Nagayo,

Y.

958):

Miyagawa,

1- 5.

T.

Y.

and

Miyagawa, the

(

in

Japanese)

Mitamura &

der Tsutsugamushi.

M.,

bidium

(

T.

akamushi.

Verh.

A.

Imamura.

Japan.

Mitamura & A.

Pathol.

Imamura.

Dobutsugaku

Zasshi

1916d. Ges.

Ueber das

6: 71- 73.

1916e.

On

Trom-

28: 379- 94.

(

in

Japanese)

1542

Nagayo,

M.,

Y.

Miyagawa,

nymph

and

sp.

Trombidium

(

disease.

prosopon

J.

Exp.

of

T.

the

akamushi

Med.

Mitamura &

A.

tsutsugamushi,

Brumpt) ,

25: 255- 72.

Imamura.

1917a.

Leptrotombidium

carrier

of

the

On

akamushi,

the n.

tsutsugamushi

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VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

112

M.,

Nagayo,

bidium

Miyagawa,

Y.

holosericeum

Mitamura & A.

T.

the

parent

of

1917b.

Imamura.

Leptus

J.

autumnalis?

Is

Trom-

Exp.

Med.

25: 273- 76. 1544

M.,

Nagayo,

Prosopon

M.,

Nagayo,

Verh.

7: 133- 35.

Miyagawa,

Y.

Ueber die Zasshi

Densenbyogaku

Eisiegaku

Akamushi.

1917d.

Imamura.

A.

Mitamura &

T.

der

Stellung

zoologische

Ueber das

1917c.

Imamura.

der " Tsutsugamushi" ( Demonstration).

Nymphe

Ges.

Pathol.

Japan.

1545

die

and

A.

Mitamura &

T.

Miyagawa,

Y.

13: 165- 72.

1546 * Nagayo,

M.,

Y.

two

forms

called

Trans.

1547

M.,

and

Miyagawa,

Y.

to

relation

together

(

Mitamura,

T.

T.

(

the

Tamiya &

carrier

On

the

new

third,

a

of

so-

form.

1921.

Tenjin.

S.

Japanese

disease.

tsutsugamushi

the

with

in Japanese)

9: 107- 110.

tsutsugamushi

of

species

their

Soc.

1919.

Tamiya.

Mitamura & T.

T.

tsutsugamushi,

of

Pathol.

Japan.

Nagayo, Five

Miyagawa,

river

Am.

J.

fever) 1:

Hyg.

569- 91.

1548 * Nakamura,

J.,

1975.

K.

1549 * Nakata,

mites

on

Japan.

small

Japan.

1550 * Nakaya,

I.

rodents

in

On

( trombiculid

Studies mites)

on

in

the

Hiro-

10: 49- 54.

Zool.

Sanit.

J.

1959.

Sasa.

M.

tsutsugamushi

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Seasonal

1957.

I.

Yoshkioka &

of

Sanit.

J.

Japan.

shima.

Koso,

Y.

distribution

seasonal

the

wind

of

larvae

shelterbelt

of

at

trombiculid

Tonden

Sapporo,

27: 189- 94.

Zool.

tsutsugamushi

disease

in

Prefecture

Kochi

( II).

The causative agent isolated from trombiculid mites from endemic area its

and

Tokyo

relation.

epidemiological

Med.

74: 5- 12.

J.

(

in

Japanese)

1551

Nasarova, the

District

Neal,

T. J. &

chigger

H. C.

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Fauna and ecology of chigger mite larvae from Reserve.

State

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the

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4: 53- 57.

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1552

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Parazitologiya

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Trombicula

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Ann.

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Entomol.

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typhus

54: 196-

203.

1553

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T. J. &

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1554

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L. J.

Trombicula

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H. &

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San- in,

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(

Oki

Island,

Shimane

Pre-

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Trombiculid mites in Izumo and Iwai area of Shi-

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Tuxen. of

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1558

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9: 72- 73.

(

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1562

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Pref.

in Japanese)

1565

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M.,

H.

Hyg. 1566

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Noguchi,

Shizuoka

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A. R.

1570

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in

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in the foothills (

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on

Rep.

Japanese)

Kitaoka,

Obata &

of

Mt.

K.

Takano,

1953.

K.

Jo,

S.

Tsutsugamushi

Fuji.

Rep.

Hyg.

Lab.

Japanese)

on

Umayado-

netsu.

Dermatitis moluscoide

Trombidiidae);

de Mexico;

Gaceta Med.

M.

(

Asanuma. Shizuoka

Okayama

Igakkai Zasshi

in Japanese)

1944.

Acarina ciudad

area

3: 7- 10.

K.

Peninsula,

3: 11.

Y.

1955.

67: 1105- 43.

1568

Sass,

Kitaoka &

Izu

Mochizuki,

M.

at

M.

in

Pref.

Fukuzumi, Shizuoka

1567

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tsutsugamushi

1:

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por

de

6

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benzoato de

en

una

bencilo.

familia Bol.

Med.

de

la

Hosp.

13- 21.

1947.

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Mexico

1956.

7: 144- 45.

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Tsutsugamushi (

por

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nunezi,

Hoffmann.

77: 221- 44.

in Japanese)

in

Osumi

District.

Japan.

J.

Sanit.

On

1) .

Sanit.

District

Osumi

in

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on

( report

Sanit.

J.

Japan.

relativities.

comparative

and

10: 107.

Zool.

1573 * Obata,

J.

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1953.

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Fever,

pt.

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T.

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on

on

chiggers

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(

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J.

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Oshima

Trombicula

on

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parts

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Sanit.

J.

Japan.

Anatomical

1954.

Y.

host

new

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Sanit.

Japan.

Y.

Obata,

Histological

1952.

Y.

gamushi.

the

Studies

data

Standard

3).

( report

J.

in Japanese with English summary)

(

1959.

T.

1572 * Obama,

District

Japan.

occurrence.

seasonal

and

Osumi

in

tsutsugamushi

on

distribution

the

9: 164- 70.

Zool.

1575

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1958.

T.

1571 * Obama,

1574

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1958.

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Japan.

akamushi.

9: 149- 52.

Zool.

(

in

Japanese with English summary) 1577

in

Fukuzumi &

S.

Y.,

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On

1953.

Onishi.

T.

Prefecture.

Kanagawa

Hyg.

R. T.

Perez.

the

Kanagawa

Lab.

Rep.

trombiculid

mites

1953: 1- 24.

Pref.

in Japanese)

1578

Ohse,

T.,

Tada,

T.

trombiculid

Fukui

T.,

culid

T.

Prefecture.

Fukui

in

Maeda,

K.

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Lab.

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Rep.

Trombi-

9: 284- 89.

Zool.

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J.

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Fukushima.

T.

Obara &

Y.

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Fukui

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in Japanese)

(

Tada,

fauna

Dermatitis

Fukushima.

T.

Ohara &

Y.

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1970.

12: 377- 86.

Am.

Maeda,

K.

mites

Pref.

1580 * Ohse,

Reyes &

Ibero- Latino

Dermatol.

1579

J. M.

A. F. ,

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K.,

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M.

a,

Positive

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individually.

tested

mites

Kitaoka,

results

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Ishimaru,

M.

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Miyamoto &

orientalis Sanit.

J.

M.

from

Mat-

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Zool.

in Japanese)

1582

Okumura, and

1583

Ono, ted

Z.

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Saikingaku

Studies

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Japan. (

Schluger,

1948.

the

Rep.

No.

the

Japanese harvest mites

277: 706- 15.

variations

On

1).

of

Zasshi

of

in

trombiculid

the variations

9

(

Hokkaido

of

Japanese)

mites

collec-

Trombicula

Inst.

Public

pomerHealth.

1- 11.

1584 * Orlovskaya, the

species.

in Hokkaido,

anzevi

Comparative

1918.

T.

allied

0. M.

Ukraine.

summary)

Trombiculidae

1965. Zool.

Zh.

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in

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regions

with

of

English

SEPTEMBER, 1986

1585

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Osborn,

H.

Agric.

1896.

Div.

1586 * Otakulov, and

tion

Ch.

A. C.

of

an

Oudemans,

Oudemans,

Dep.

List

of

Dutch notes

new,

Geer.

Med.

Para-

Acari and

Latr.

other

Fifth

Trombi-

part:

and descrip-

remarks,

but indeed very old species of Cheyletus,

Tijdschr.

1902a.

distribution.

their

of

45: 322- 31.

synonymical

apparently

A. C.

S.

Trombiculid mites of mice of the genus Apodemus characteristics

with

Amst.

U.

animals.

5: 1- 302.

Bolezni

De

domestic

affecting

Bull.

1897.

Leach,

squamosus

Ber.

1589

1976.

Parazit.

Oudemans, dides

1588

T.

landscape

the

zitol.

1587

Insects

Entomol .

115

Entomol.

40: 117- 35.

Acarologische

aanteekeningen.

Classificatie

der

(

in Dutch) IV.

Entomol.

1: 43- 45.

A. C.

1902b.

Acari.

Tijdschr.

Entomol.

45: 55- 64. 1590

Oudemans,

A. C. 1903. 45: 123- 50.

mol.

1591

Oudemans, Ber.

1592

Oudemans, Ber.

1593

1595

A. C.

1598

A. C.

bidium

Larven

Ber.

1601

Oudemans, Ber.

1909a.

and

A. C.

Entomol.

XXII.

Entomol.

aanteekeningen.

XXIII.

Entomol.

a

Nova Guinea:

la

Bijdragen

tot

Tijdschr.

Ueber die

ueber

eine

Resultats de

Nouvelle- Guinee

de

bis jetzt

neue

literatuur

Entomol.

l ' expedition

5: 101- 61.

over

de

Roode

51: 25- 27.

genauer bekaanten Throm-

Klassification

der

Prostigmata.

52: 19- 61.

Acarologische

aanteekeningen

XXIX.

Entomol.

1910a.

A short survey of the more important families

Entomol.

1910b.

Res.

1: 105- 19.

Acarologische

aanteekeningen

XXXI.

Entomol.

3: 47- 51.

A. C.

Amst.

Acari.

1909b.

Bull .

Amst.

XXI.

aanteekeningen.

3: 14- 24.

A. C.

Oudemans,

Entomol.

aanteekeningen.

Acarologische

1908.

A. C.

Acari.

Acarologische

Nieuw Guinea.

Entomol.

Amst.

Oudemans, of

1600

1906d.

van

Oudemans,

XVI.

aanteekeningen.

Acarologische

Neerlandaise

Oudemans,

Ber.

1599

1906c.

A. C.

Tijdschr.

Ento-

2: 81- 88.

A. C.

Boschmijt

1597

1906b.

A. C.

Amst.

Oudemans,

Tijdschr.

series.

2: 55- 62.

scientifique

1596

Fifth

Acarologische

1906a.

A. C.

Oudemans,

Acari.

2: 37- 43.

Amst.

Oudemans, Ber.

1905.

on

1: 216- 18.

Amst.

Oudemans, Ber.

1594

A. C.

Amst.

Notes

1910c.

3: 83- 90.

Acarologische

aanteekeningen

XXXIII.

Entomol.

1602

1604

Ber.

1605

1606

Ber.

1607

1911b.

A. C.

1912b.

A. C.

1609

Amst.

1610

1612

1613

1614

1615

1616

1618

A. C.

A. C.

bis

jetzt

bekannten Larven von

besonderer

Arten.

Beruecksichtigung

Jahr.

Zool.

Acarologische

Acarologische

14(

suppl. ):

Thrombi-

der

feuer

1- 230.

XLVI.

aanteekeningen

aanteekeningen

Acarologisches

Naturgesch.

1914b.

1916a.

1916b. Tijdschr.

A. C.

Entomol.

L.

Ber.

Entomol.

79( A)

aus

maulwurfsnestern

(

Fort-

9: 68- 136.

Acarologische

aanteekeningen

LIII.

Entomol.

Acarologische

aanteekeningen

LXI.

Entomol.

1917.

Notizen Entomol.

uber

Acari.

24

Reihe. ( Trombidiidae,

59: 18- 54.

Acarologische

LXII.

Entomol.

LXVII.

Entomol.

LXVIII.

Entomol.

aanteekeningen

4: 341- 48.

Amst.

A. C.

1922a.

Acarologische

aanteekeningen

6: 81- 84.

Amst.

A. C.

1922b.

Acarologische

aanteekeningen

6: 108- 11.

Amst.

A. C.

1922c.

Acarologische

aanteekeningen

LXIX.

Entomol.

Acarologische

aanteekeningen

LXXI.

Entomol.

6: 113- 20.

Amst.

Oudemans, Ber.

Entomol.

XLIII.

aanteekeningen

4: 331- 32.

Oudemans, Ber.

Entomol.

XL.

4: 84- 89.

lato).

Oudemans, Ber.

1617

A. C.

Amst.

Oudemans,

1914a.

Arch.

Oudemans,

Ber.

1913b.

A. C.

Amst.

Oudemans,

Ber.

1913a.

A. C.

Oudemans,

sensu

aanteekeningen

4: 29- 40.

Oudemans,

Ber.

Entomol.

3: 333- 40.

Oudemans,

Ber.

Die

schadlichen

A. C.

setzung).

1611

Acarologische

Erythraeidae mit

Amst.

Oudemans,

Acarologische

1912c.

A. C.

and

Oudemans, Ber.

XXXVI.

aanteekeningen

3: 272- 78.

Amst.

den Menschen 1608

Entomol.

3: 231- 36.

Amst.

diidae

XXXV.

aanteekeningen

Acarologische

1912a.

A. C.

Oudemans,

Entomol.

3: 137- 39.

Amst.

Oudemans,

XXXIV.

3: 118- 26.

Oudemans,

Ber.

aanteekeningen

Acarologische

1911a.

A. C.

Amst.

Oudemans,

Acarologische

3: 103- 09.

Amst.

Oudemans, Ber.

1910d.

A. C.

Oudemans, Ber.

1603

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

116

A. C.

Amst.

1923a.

6: 145- 55.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

1619

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Oudemans, der

A. C.

Acari;

Tijdschr.

1620

1923b.

nieuwe

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A. C.

Oudemans, Vol.

850

Sur une nouvelle espece de Hannemania Oudms. Caledonia,

Nova

A. C.

I.

1926. Chr. -

v.

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66: 49- 85.

1923c.

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Studie over de sedert 1877 ontworpen system en

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Entomol .

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Kritisch historisch Overzicht

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1758.

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Tijdschr.

Entomol.

69(

i-vii

+

1- 500. 1622

Oudemans, Acari.

1623

Oudemans, Ber.

1624

1627

A. C.

Amst.

laatste

zijne

onderzoekingen

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70( Verslagen) : 70- 76.

Acarologische

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LXXXV.

Acarologische

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LXXXVIII.

Entomol.

1927c.

Ento-

7: 257- 68. 1928a.

Acarologische

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Entomol.

7: 285- 93. A. C.

Amst.

Oudemans,

Over

1927b.

Amst.

Oudemans, Ber.

1927a. Entomol.

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A. C.

Ber.

Oudemans, Ber.

1626

A. C.

Amst.

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1625

A. C.

Tijdschr.

1928b.

Acarologische

XCI.

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Entomol.

7: 324- 29. A. C.

1928c.

A. C.

1929a.

Fauna

Buruana,

Acari.

Treubia

7( suppl. ):

37- 100. 1628

Oudemans, Ber.

1629

Oudemans, Vol.

1630

Amst.

A. C.

A. C.

1631 * Oudemans,

1632

der

1929c.

A. C.

A. C.

1938.

A. C.

Brill,

Neue

der Nomenklatur der Acari.

1634

Oudemans, der

A. C. &

naheren

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H.

Voigts.

Umbebung

72(

i- xvii

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1- 1097.

historisch Leiden.

Overzicht

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Nieuwe vondsten op het gebied der systematiek der Acari.

1939.

Entomol.

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Kritsch

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Epidemiological

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1671

New

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Day.

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Biol .

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(

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Health

Dep.

1958c.

studies

p.

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M.

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Trombiculid

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1958a.

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sichito

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M.

Shoin,

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introduction

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1764

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24: 187- 95. Hayashi, on

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21.

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their

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Islands

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on

On

Kano &

N.

(

from

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the moun-

in Japanese) 1952.

Kumada.

epidemiological

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Trombiculidae

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(

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Japanese)

1768

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M.,

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Studies

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1770

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S.

M.,

Tokyo

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S.

Med.

M.,

Hayashi,

mites

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S.

M.,

S.

37.

I.

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species.

1776

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species

Tokyo

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J.

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88.

J.

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Exp.

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1950.

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the

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collected

1955.

in

on tsu-

Fuji

1950.

the

Tokunaga.

(

Studies

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Mt.

Studies

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area.

(

1953.

to

the

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mites,

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trombiculid

fauna

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in Japanese)

1957a.

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local J.

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on

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Miura.

larva

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found

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Sanit.

Iimuro

Notes mites)

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the

biculid

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Tokyo Med.

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I.

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sp.

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tsutsugamushi

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I.

on

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n.

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Japan.

M. &

Studies

S.

mites

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Miura.

tenjin

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Nissin

Further

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in

larval

in

5.

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of

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1774 * Sass,

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1773

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part

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On

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Sasa,

S.

20.

part

in Japanese)

J.

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1772

6. (

tsugamushi,

1771

in

moles

Hayashi,

part

68: 17- 18.

Sasa,

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in Japanese)

gamushi,

J.

G.

tsutsugamushi,

from

collected

61.

Hayashi,

(

a

part

and

93.

related

in Japanese)

Studies of

area

in Japanese)

(

nagayoi

new

on

tsutsugamushi.

tsutsugamushi

Leeuwenhoekiinae).

( trom-

Japan.

1777

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97.

Sasa

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Acad.

R.

M. &

bicula

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and

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The

(

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the

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Japan.

28: 247- 321.

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(

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M.,

1780 * Sasa,

R.

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their

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in

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M.,

1783

(

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On

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Med.

Tokyo

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68:

J.

(

in Japanese)

F.

Kawashima.

new

F.

1786 * Sass,

M.,

(

of

chiggers

Kochi

on

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Tokyo

area.

Tokyo

J.

part

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Prefecture.

part

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Med.

15. 68:

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on

part

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Tokyo

found in Kochi Prefecture.

M.

from

western

1952.

Egashira.

Trombicula

25.

sp.

Studies

17.

Med.

J.

Japanese)

Kawashima &

part

new

genus,

in

F.

gamushi,

from

on

Tokyo

the

Studies

1951b.

Kawashima.

species

68: 15- 17.

in

1951a.

chigger

of

birds

from

Studies

1952.

Obata.

Japanese)

M. &

Sasa,

T.

collected

species

new

Two

found

the

Japanese)

The

14.

Chiggers

9- 10. 1785

(

Kano &

R.

69: 557- 59.

A

On

in Japanese)

28.

1784

p.

Suzuki,

Tokunaga &

K.

in

Kano,

R.

K.

I.

shichito- netsu.

T.

Hayashi,

S.

Kanagawa

part

gamushi,

to

Sato &

Miura, Part

Japanese)

11

1952:

fever.

tsutsugamushi

the

of

A.

Kumada,

N.

shichito

on

relation

Miyagawa,

tsugamushi

Lab.

ecology

Kano,

R. T.

Tanaka,

9.

in

(

Hayashi,

S.

Studies

distribution

p.

1782

Kano,

1952.

( Miyatrombicula)

Japan.

Tokyo

Med.

Studies

tsutsu-

on

kochiensis

new

69: 337- 38.

J.

sub-

(

in

Japanese)

1787

Sasa,

M.,

gamushi,

Kochi

1788 * Sasa,

F. part

Kawashima &

Tokyo Med.

Prefecture.

M.,

F.

Kawashima &

On

24.

gamushi,

part

epidemic

area

23- 24.

in Japanese)

(

of

S.

"

S.

J.

of

trombiculid

69: 43.

Hiromatsu.

the wild

Izumi"

1952a.

Hiromatsu.

A new species

18.

mice

and

(

Studies

mite

on

from

a

tsutsu-

mole

in

in Japanese)

1952b.

Studies

trombiculid

fever in Mie Prefecture.

on

mites

Tokyo Med.

tsutsu-

from

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69:

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BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

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M. ,

H.

philism

1790 * Sasa, the

Tanaka.

82- 97.

p. M. &

N.

Sasa,

Sasa,

M.,

Kumada,

N.

On

12.

K.

Sato,

S.

Shichito

fever,

on

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Island.

Hayashi,

Part

II.

T.

ZooHealth

Dep.

Japanese)

1952. in

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the

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S.

larval

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on

Owu

of

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in

(

A.

Y.

part

District.

Tokyo

Fukuzuki &

himizu,

29.

On

Med.

J.

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sp.

Y.

Obata.

from

Japan.

Japanese)

1951.

Miura.

Studies

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Med.

Euschoengastia.

genus

S.

Enomoto,

Trombicula

mite,

2: 1- 5.

the

Miura,

on

Japanese)

new

Dobutsu

A.

Studies

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in

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in

N. A

Eisei

1792

(

M. ,

1951.

(

Kumada.

trombiculid

69: 661- 63.

1791

Kawamura,

1953.

Trombicula

of

Tokyo

A.

Komine,

I.

Suzuki &

129

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part

68: 19.

J.

(

in

Japanese)

1793

Sasa, on

M. ,

Kumada,

N.

tsutsugamushi,

districts. 1794 * Sass,

M.,

Sasa,

Kumada,

N.

New

Tokyo Med.

1795

M.,

Miura,

27.

Tokyo Med.

13.

part

A.

part

F.

Chiggers

69: 499.

J.

S.

Teramura.

species

collected

68: 8- 9.

J.

(

in

Kunitomo & A.

Japan.

1796

Sasa,

J.

1797

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A.

the

M. &

A.

Studies

Niigata

1955.

and

Notes

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Sasa,

nymphs

1953a.

Kinki

on

and

Chugoku

tsutsugamushi,

Akita

on

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prefectures.

tsutsugamushi,

Kawashima

Acarina,

(

Studies

life

history of Japan. laboratory.

in

in

Japanese)

1951. in

Miura.

of

Miura.

the

on

collected in

Studies

et

Egashira,

Trombiculidae) .

25: 159- 65.

Med.

Exp.

M. &

Studies Japan

description

with

(

1952.

Miura.

Japanese)

Trombicula ( Miyatrombicula)

1952,

Suzuki & E.

T.

1953b.

Miura.

tsutsugamushi,

on

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J.

Med.

Exp.

Recent

34.

part

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of

23: 171- 85. in

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taxonomy,

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1798 * Sasa, on

M. &

and

1800

Sasa,

A.

M. &

cription

of

26: 25- 28.

(

Sasa,

M.,

machanism al. ,

1801 * Sass, part

M.,

11.

apparatus.

1956.

nymphs

Miura,

of

of

H.

cluster

Japan.

A.

Med.

Exp.

of

Japan,

25: 197- 209.

Studies

on

(

83.

Notes

in Japanese)

tsutsugamushi,

kuroshio.

Trombicula

part

and their laboratory

part

Japan.

J.

89.

Des-

Exp.

Med.

in Japanese)

A.

1921.

J.

tsutsugamushi,

on

tsutsugamushi

of

Miura. the

Studies

1955.

adults

Japan.

rearings.

1799

Miura.

A.

nymphs

J.

Miura & The

Tanaka &

formation Sanit.

S.

Teramura.

successful

Tokyo Med.

Zool.

J.

rearing 68: 13- 14.

1955.

Ueno.

Y.

of

Trombicula

6: 135- 36. 1951. of

(

(

on

Nagayo

the

et

in Japanese)

Studies

Trombicula

in

Studies

scutellaris

Japanese)

on

tsutsugamushi,

akamushi

in

glass

1802

Sasa,

M. &

mites

Sasa,

&

1804

M. &

T.

1805

on

M.,

tsutsugamushi,

fecture.

1806 * Sasa,

1807 * Sass,

M. &

fauna

M.,

Sasa,

of

M.,

to

1809

1810

Sasa,

species

J.

68: 10.

Sasa, part

Y.

J.

Tokyo Med.

by

S.

2.

Chigger

cluster

mites

Gumma

Pre-

56.

part

The

Japan.

in

of

J.

Exp.

Studies

on

especially

1950a. Island.

of

on the

to

expired

Studies

on

tsutsu-

unengorged with

and

reaction

of

refer-

to

carbon

27: 31- 43.

Med.

Studies

on

8.

part

from Japan.

Tokyo

larvae

special

tsutsugamushi,

unrecorded

Kano.

behavior

Japanese)

akamushi,

J.

the

reaction

1957.

Hachijo

R. of

(

formation

Japan.

on

their

bionomics

Trombicula

1951.

Teramura &

and

Miura.

A.

the

hosts.

Notes Brumpt)

(

6: 166- 69.

Walchia

M.,

in

Honshu.

western

1955.

Zool.

of

Studies

1951.

collected

tsutsugamushi,

on

akamushi

previously in Japanese)

(

the

Japanese)

on

Teramura. of

On

Japanese)

formation

and

the

in

(

Prefecture,

Ueno &

mechanisms

S.

new

30.

part

Kumada.

N.

species

Teramura.

Notes

scutellaris

the

M. &

S.

Sanit.

J.

90.

expired

in

(

cluster

Tanaka,

H.

part

Trombicula

ence

Japan.

Peninsula.

Shimokita

new

Trombicula

of

their

Japan.

gamushi,

tsutsugamushi,

on

Studies

1953. Hiroshima

of

larvae

gas.

dioxide

breath.

of

102.

part

bird- parasitic

some

effect

Hayashi &

S.

68: 7- 8.

J.

Tanaka &

H.

mechanism

1808

the

the

Two

7.

4: 97- 100.

Zool.

from

Kano,

Takeoka.

E.

unengorged

CO2

R.

part

Tokyo Med.

trombiculid

Sanit.

of

in Japanese)

(

Savada,

T.

Studies

collected

mites

70: 143- 45.

Sasa,

1953.

Sato.

trombiculid

J.

by

trombiculid

tsutsugamushi,

on

appearance

rockhead

A new

53.

part

the

on

23: 333- 46.

Studies the

notes

with

28: 289- 91.

Med.

Sasa,

tsutsugamushi,

on

Med.

Exp.

on

the

on

mites

J.

1958.

observations

trombiculid

Exp.

Japan.

Osada.

Y.

Additional

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Miyatrombicula,

subgenus

Hokkaido.

of

M.

1953.

Ogata.

K. of

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Med.

67: 22- 23.

J.

in Japanese)

1811

Sasa,

M.,

T.

gamushi,

Ueno,

together

with

Med.

1812 * Sasa,

K.

on

the

descriptions

Yeno,

1958. p.

H.

the

1957.

Tanaka.

bionomics

of

of

their

post-

Studies

on

Neoschoengastia

summer- tsutsugamushi

Tanaka,

Ecological

Studies

Islands. Tokyo.

Miura & H.

Notes

larval

of

Hachijo

tsutsuspp.

and

Islands, Japan.

J.

Suzuki &

H.

stages.

27: 217- 34.

M.,

Tanaka.

A.

hasagawai,

Trombicula

Exp.

96.

part

93- 101.

on

(

A.

studies

shichito

Miura,

fever.

in Japanese)

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T.

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review.

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SEPTEMBER, 1986

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T. &

T.

Iwakura.

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1958a.

I.

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Supplementary notes on the morphology of

from

sugiharai

131

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Med.

Biol.

48: 247- 51.

(

in

mites

in

Japanese)

1814 * Sasahara,

T.

Miyazaki

with

1815

&

T.

Iwakura.

Prefecture.

1958b.

Japan.

J.

On

the

trombiculid

Sanit.

Zool.

9: 73.

Kato.

1954.

On

(

in

Japanese

English abstract)

Sato,

A.,

K.

in

mites

Rata,

Kyoto

Mukai &

J.

Prefecture.

S.

Japan.

J.

Sanit.

the

tsutsugamushi

Zool .

5: 50.

(

in

Japanese)

1816

Sauer,

G. C.

1959.

Philadelphia.

1817

Sauer,

J. R. J.

ships.

1818

Schierbeek, de

1819

Schluger, of

Schluger, culidae

N. G.

Entomol.

R.

1937.

E. G.

salivary 14: 1- 9.

Trombicula

1948. USSR.

bicula

diseases.

J. B.

Ann.

New

-

mites

Obozr.

n.

sp. ,

Hum.

et

Zool.

E. G.

al. ,

Inst.

Acari,

(

SSSR,

1957.

Data

( Acariformes,

on

of

Leningr.

the

(

I.

rodent

( 59).

of

the

in Russian)

(

Parazitol.

Family Trombiin Pp. 118- 217, fauna

the

of

in Russian)

the fauna of mites of

Trombiculidae).

nouveau

15: 326- 29.

Trombidiidae)

30: 157- 64.

Acarina

eds. ,

Nauk

Co. ,

relation-

rouget

Comp.

Superfamily Trombeae Turk. Subfamily Trombiculinae Ewing.

Ewing.

Lippincott

physiological

vanommereni

Parasitol.

red

Entomol.

glands

1955.

E. G.

Bregatova

Schluger,

skin

Acarine

1977. Med.

the

U. S. S. R.

1821

of

1- 269.

+

la Guyane Neerlandaise.

fauna

1820

Manual i- xvii

p.

Sb.

the genus Trom17: 48- 70.

(

in

Russian)

1822

Schluger,

formes)

1960.

E. G.

from

the

Two

Marine

new

species

Provinces.

trombiculid- mites

of

Zool.

(

Acari-

39: 1258- 61 .

Zh.

(

in

Russian with English summary) 1823

Schluger, Bolezni

1824

Schluger,

1825

(

Hirst,

E. G.

(

new

species

A

new

trombiculid

1925 ( Acariformes,

Zool.

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R. &

R.

Traub,

Traub,

&

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2061

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A

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Two

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and

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species

36: 356- 59.

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new

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28):

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1931,

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Inst.

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1950.

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Frick

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J.

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Observations rats

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in

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V.

51: 242- 47.

Diercks.

Hyg.

W. H.

Hertig,

disease).

hyperendemic

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& F. H.

Rickettsia

reservoirs

and

Res.

VI.

( Acarina:

parasites

297- 359.

L. P.

R.,

of

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number

in

the

of

T. M.

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1954.

Evans.

Inst.

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Traub,

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Parasitology,

A new

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Stud.

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their

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Evans.

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T. K.

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and

T. K.

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Am.

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mite

Traub,

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International

mite

Traub,

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Elisberg.

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J.

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Some

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new

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some

1957.

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Asian Stud.

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New species

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M.

Traub,

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bidium

Traub, gers

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the

of

Traub,

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Traub,

Traub, scrub

Traub, scrub

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chiggers

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the

( Acar-

Pakistan

west

of

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Trombiculidae:

Three

new

species

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of

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J.

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Ento-

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2124

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Trop.

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Rev.

Acarina).

( Trombiculidae -

sous- genre

Zool.

Bot.

Afr.

53: 353- 59.

2129

Vercammen- Grandjean,

2130

de

sitol.

Hum.

a

et

et

Verc.

Acarina).

Ann.

Ann.

1958a.

P. H.

remaniements

Vercaamen- Grandjean, Jad.

nasi-

pour

l' obtention des

gorgees.

Ann.

Para-

Publ.

Cult.

rares

d' Afrique

Comp.

Diamantes

11- 18.

Trombiculidae).

2133

larves

Deux Acomatacarus

1957b.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

fricains

technique

des

partir

Centrale ( Leeuwenhoekiinae -

2132

Audya

32: 450- 51.

Comp.

( 34):

Une

1957a.

P. H.

of

54: 92.

Afr.

Trombiculidae

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Angola

Addendum ( figure

1956h.

P. H. Bot.

Vercammen- Grandjean, nymphes

2131

Zool.

Rev.

cola).

divers

Parasitol.

1958b.

P. H. Mus.

R.

Revue

de Hum.

cet

des

Schoengastia

important

Comp.

Revision

genre

(

Centra-

Acarina -

33: 619- 70. du

genre

Congo Belge Tervuren Ser.

Schoutedenichia

8.

65: 1- 101.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

2134

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Vercannen- Grandjean, tebolsi

n.

2135

Acarologia

Vercammen- Grandjean, rique

Acomatacarus

( Austracarus)

wit-

1: 253- 56. 1960a.

P. H.

septentrionale

sous- genres

1959.

un Trombiculidae larvaire parasite intradermicole de

sp. ,

la Taupe.

P. H.

155

nouveaux

et

(

Trombiculides Huit

centrale.

Acarina).

Arch.

larvaires

especes

Inst.

de

nouvelles

Pasteur

1' Af-

et

Alger.

six

38: 50-

69.

2136

Vercammen- Grandjean, larvaire

culidae

Acarologia

2137

manni

(

larvaire

P. H.

Schoutedenichia

de

Chlorotalpa

1960c.

sadini,

stuhlmanni

un Trombi( Acarina).

Acarina).

Gahrliepia

un

moucheti:

Trombi-

parasite des oreilles de Chlorotalpa stuhl-

nouveau,

Acarologia

Vercammen- Grandjean, une

1960b.

2: 210- 13.

Vercammen- Grandjean, culidae

2138

P. H.

parasite

P. H.

2: 214- 16.

1960d.

larve de Trombiculidae

Vatacarus ipoides Southcott 1957 et

apparentee

Eutrombicula.

a

Acarologia

2:

217- 23.

2139

Vercammen- Grandjean,

fication

Trombiculidae).

2140

Vercamen- Grandjean,

1952,

est

synonyme

1960e.

P. H.

Introduction a un essai de classi-

des larves de Trombiculinae Ewing 1944 ( Acarina Acarologia 2: 469- 71 + 1 unpaginated table.

rationelle

un

de

P. H.

Cheladonta Cheladonta

1960f. s.

Euschoengastia costulata Willmann et Cheladonta styriaca Kepka 1957 est

str.

costulata.

Bull.

Soc.

R.

Entomol.

nymphe

de

Multigniella

Belg.

96:

101- 07. 2141

Vercammen- Grandjean, tornis

Riv.

2142

P. H.

1960g.

Vercammen- Grandjean &

Parassitol.

La

Fain

1957

( Acarina,

cosme-

Trombiculidae).

21: 13- 20.

Vercammen- Grandjean, P. H. 1962a. Contribution a l ' etude de la faune d' Afganistan 75. I. Deux nouvelles especes de nymphes de Trombiculidae recueillies dans une grotte d' Afganistan. Acarologia 4:

362- 68.

2143

Vercammen- Grandjean, pour

Trombicula

l' importante

1962b.

P. H.

famille

A la recherche d' un neotype valable

Berlese

minor

des

le

1905,

Trombiculidae

representant

( Acarina).

disparu

Acarologia

de 4:

369- 80. 2144

Vercammen- Grandjean, Note

2145

preliminaire

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Heaslip 1943

est-

1963a.

P. H.

(Acarina:

il

P. H. une

Revision

Trombiculidae).

1963b. mythe?

(

du

genre

Trombigastia.

Acarologia

5: 57.

Le genre Myotrombicula Womersley et Trombiculidae -

Acarina).

Acarologia

5: 58- 60.

2146

Vercammen- Grandjean, nasal

249- 51.

du

lievre

P. H.

Africain

1963c.

Un

Schoutedenichia parasite intra-

( Trombiculidae -

Acarina).

Acarologia

5:

2147

1956

est

terrestris

( Trombiculidae

Schoutedenichia

veritable

un

Euschoengastia

1963d.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Gould

Acarina).

-

5: 394- 96.

Acarologia

2148

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

156

de

Trombiculidae

77 -

d' Afganistan

Contribution a l ' etude de la faune

1963e.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

5: 582-

Acarologia

chiropteres.

615.

2149

including

Trombiculidae,

Pp.

Cornell

2150

J. A.

in

399- 407,

of

nymphs.

and

Vol.

Acarology,

Ascoschoengastia

1964a.

annulata

1.

Lawrence

Acarologia

( Trombiculidae).

Schoutedenichia

veritable

un

est

in

Advances

ed. ,

characters

larvae

New York.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

1949

Naegele,

taxonomic

between

correlations

Ithaca,

Pr. ,

Univ.

Valuable

1963f.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

6: 111- 13. 2151

Trombiculidae

2152

1964c.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

1959

2154

d'

parasites

chiroptere

parasites

Jones

Brennan &

discors

Heaslip

( Trombi-

6: 127- 28. larvaires

Trombiculidae

Deux

6:

Acarologia

Guatemala ( Acarina).

du

Malaisie

6: 118- 22.

Womersley &

1964e.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean, un

Trombicula

Acarologia

Acarina).

culidae -

de

Schoutedenichia

Deux

Myotrombicula

veritable

un

est

1964d.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Riedlinia

6: 114- 17.

Acarologia

Acarina).

d' Oiseaux ( Trombiculidae -

2153

nouveau

Acarologia

Acarina).

-

Un

1964b.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

302- 08. 2155

sg. ,

n.

n.

6: 309- 11.

Acarologia

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean, Grandjean Revision

tibbettsi

un Trombiculidae larvaire parasite d' un chiroptere Coreen

sp.

Acarina).

2156

( Rudnicula)

Trombicula

1964f.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Brennan

&

du

genre

Le

1964g.

est

un

Riedlinia

genre de

synonyme

( Acarina

Trombigastia

Riedlinia

Vercammen

Oudemans

-

1914.

Acarologia

Trombiculidae).

6: 312- 23. 2157

Audy, fifty

1956, new

and

Microtrombicula

species

Leptotrombidium

Revision

1965a.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Ewing,

transferal

and

of

of

1950,

genera:

with

subgenus

Eltonella

descriptions

Chiroptella

Acarologia

Trombiculidae).

( Acarina,

the

to

of

genus

7( suppl.):

34- 257. 2158

Vercammen- Grandjean, an sp. , Acarina).

2159

interesting Acarologia

Vercammen- Grandjean,

of

commensal

7(

Tenotrombicula

1965b.

P. H.

suppl. ):

minteri

termites

n.

g. ,

n.

( Trombiculidae:

259- 65.

1965c.

P. H.

African

Iguanacarus,

a

new

subgenus

of

chigger mites from nasal fossae of the marine iguana in the Galapagos Islands,

with

Trombiculidae).

a

revision

of

Acarologia

the

7(

genus

suppl.):

Vatacarus

266- 74.

Southcott

( Acarina,

SEPTEMBER, 1986

2160

Vercammen- Grandjean, logia

2161

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

7(

suppl.):

P. H.

in

Trois

1965e.

On

notes

Acaro-

rectificatives.

295- 96.

Vercammen- Grandjean, solenidion

1965d.

157

P. H.

chiggers

(

the

Trombiculidae:

true

nature

Acarina).

the

of

" striate"

Acarologia

7: 318-

20. 2162

Vercammen- Grandjean,

P. H. 1965f. Whartonia lepidopteriscuta n. sp. , noteworthy parasite of an African bat ( Acarina: Leeuwenhoekiidae). Acarologia 7( suppl.): 325- 28. a

2163

Vercammen- Grandjean,

extraordinary ina).

2164

Acarologia

1966a.

of

a

trombidiformes.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

1966b.

P. H.

Acarologia P. H.

pachywhartoni

n.

sp. ,

bat ( Leeuwenhoekiidae -

an

Acar-

Vercammen- Grandjean, Vercammen- Grandjean,

Notes

Note

Acarina).

1966d.

P. H.

de

terminologie

concernant

8: 285.

1966c.

trombidium ( Trombiculidae,

2166

Whartonia

Brazilian

8: 282- 84.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

les

2165

P. H.

parasite

a

propos

d' un

Acarologia

Revision of

1960 ( Trombiculidae -

nouveau

Erico-

8: 286.

the genus Herpetacarus

Acarina).

Acarologia

8:

631- 74. 2167

Vercammen- Grandjean, and

specificity Pp. 236- 39,

P. H.

Evolutionary problems of mite- host to

studies

Proc.

ed. ,

Galapagos

on

Symposium

organisms.

Galapagos

Int.

Sci.

Berkeley. 1967a.

Notes

the

on

Trombiculidae.

Acaro-

9: 127- 34.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Two Trombiculidae

of

viverrina

of

9: 135- 38.

P. H.

1947 ( Acarina:

Vercammen- Grandjean,

1967b.

P. H.

Acarologia

Vercammen- Grandjean, Hoffmann,

2171

Bowman,

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Transvaal.

2170

1966e.

relevance

Pr. ,

logia

2169

Univ.

R. L.

P. H.

Calif.

Proj . 2168

in

its

1967c.

Revision

Trombiculidae).

1968a.

P. H.

of

the genus

Acarologia

Riedlinia

Tecomatlana

9: 848- 64.

( Trombigastia)

libani,

a

new species indicating a relationship between the two subgenera Trombigastia 2172

and

Myotrombicula.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Womersley

and

P. H.

Heaslip,

Ann.

Parasitol.

Hum.

1968b.

1943

Revision of ( Trombiculidae:

43: 59- 63.

Comp.

the genus Myotrombicula Acarina).

Acarologia

10: 65- 85. 2173

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Acarina: Dev.

2174

Command.

Wash. ,

Vercammen- Grandjean, phylogenie

Comp.

1968c.

P. H.

Trombiculidae &

et

de

44: 205- 10.

D. C.

P. H.

The

chigger mites

Leeuwenhoekiidae). p.

of

the

Army

Far East. Med.

Res.

1- 135.

1969a.

taxonomie

U. S.

chez

Le

les

stade

larvaire,

acariens.

Ann.

sanctuaire de Parasitol.

la

Hum.

2175

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Etablissement

1969b.

P. H.

( Leptotrombidium)

Leptotrombidium

Vercammen- Grandjean,

akamushi

Pp. 107- 12, in G. O. onomy in acarines. 1967. Congr. Acarol. , Sutton Bonington, 2177

from

chigger

Munich)

2178

a

sea

( 144):

1- 3.

snake

disparunguis ( Oudemans, Opusc.

2179

Zool. ( Munich)

Vercammen- Grandjean, Trombiculidae,

diformes).

2180

and

115):

1- 12.

ou

C. R.

Acad.

Sci.

( E.)

of

the

poppi,

a

Opusc.

Zool .

species

continents?

(

new

Walchia

Trombiculidae).

lignee de Trombi-

Acariens:

273: 2093- 96.

Paris

des

nepophylogenique

graphie

des

derive

Pilosite

1971d.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Int.

Budapest.

Kiado,

Sur la dispersion d' une

1971c.

P. H.

phoresie

tax-

2nd.

Proc.

group ( Acarina,

its

1929) (

pour ( Acarina:

phylogeny and

ed. ,

Akademiai

Revision

1971b.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

lectotype 1910)

Trombiculidae) .

Acarina,

(

Evans,

Eutrombicula

1971a.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

d' un

Brumpt,

Repository of

1969c.

P. H.

(

11: 94- 103.

Acarologia

Trombiculidae).

2176

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

158

appendiculaire

Acad.

C. R.

acariens.

et

chrono-

Paris

Sci.

273:

2267- 70. 2181

Trombiculidae)

Acarina,

2183

in

the

genus

Brennan,

jamesoni

J.

Euschoengastia.

Prostigmata) ,

a

Angew.

58: 99- 103.

Zool.

P. H.

1971g.

Angew.

Zool.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Z.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

1948 Med.

de neosomie

A

chigger

of

the

(Acarina,

Z.

subfamily.

zebra

Acarina,

(

Nouveaux regards sur les phenomenes

et de tachygenese chez

les

trombiculides

Bull.

Prostigmata).

Vatacarus ( Acarina:

africana

Apoloniinae

58: 173- 75.

1972a.

P. H.

the

of

representitive

new

Straelensia

1971f.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Trombiculidae).

2184

placed

8: 443- 45.

Entomol.

2182

Trombicula

1971e.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Acad.

du

sous- genre 58:

Sci.

Beige

R.

292- 94. 2185

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Parasitol.

2186

Folia

2187

P. H.

Parasitol.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean, of

Rosicky,

Proc.

demia,

Prague.

the

1972c. ( Prague)

1973a.

trombiculids.

nepophylogeny eds. ,

from

Asiatic- Pacific

region.

Folia

19: 227- 52.

( Prague)

Vercammen- Grandjean,

graphy.

Revision of Womersley' s Apoloniinae

1972b.

P. H.

Leeuwenhoekidae)

Acarina,

3rd.

Int.

Of

techniques

and

ortho- icono-

19: 289- 304.

Preliminary note in Pp. 311- 19,

Congr.

Acarol. ,

to M.

Prague,

a

tentative

Daniel

1971.

&

B.

Aca-

SEPTEMBER, 1986

2188

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Vercammen- Grandjean, Trombidiidae

1973b.

P. H.

Sur

( Acarina:

1815

Leach,

159

les

statuts

de

Prostigmata).

la

famille

des

Acarologia

15:

102- 114. 2189

Vercammen- Grandjean, eiplogue

Trombidioidea).

2190

Acarologia

1973d.

nudum

des

Neotrombidiidae

et

1905

Tragardh,

nilotica

15: 115- 20.

P. H.

nomen

Taxonomie

Blankaartia

probleme

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Cordisetoides

1973c.

P. H.

du

naturel

Morelacarus

Trombidiformes -

(

nomen

Acarina).

novum

for

Acarologia

15: 323. 2191

Vercammen- Grandjean,

P. H.

321- 28,

in M.

Pp.

graphy. Congr.

2192

Acarol. ,

1910),

Oudemans,

Vercammen- Grandjean, Ethiopian

2194

papilles genitales

2195

de "

Acarina).

2198

Andre

1954.

des

and

Med.

organs

de

1966a.

Andre.

M.

1966b.

Andre.

&

M.

Claparede

organs

Nouveau

of

the

et

les

respira-

Trombicula

ralphaudyi

Redescription

1966c.

Andre.

appliquee

n.

de

la

1910).

(Oudemans,

a

la

Introduction

systematique

des

a

la

Trombiculidae

8: 62- 70.

P. H. &

is

Andre.

M. true

a

et

Ann.

l'

P. H.

&

1967.

Cheladonta

J. R.

Trombiculidae

Hum.

P. H.

&

Audy.

( Acarina)

enlargissement

Parasitol.

Vercammen- Grandjean, XXIV.

Trombiculidae

89: 397- 439.

Afr.

Neoschoengastia

( Acarina,

brevi-

Trombiculidae).

9: 411- 14.

taxonomie

2200

1946,

Vercammen- Grandjean,

revision

P. H.

Acarologia

Acarologia

2199

16: 311- 18.

Eutrombicula ( Eutrombicula)

P. H. &

complexe"

Vercammen- Grandjean, palpus

M.

P. H. &

Vercammen- Grandjean, notion

larval

Bot.

verduni

Leeuwenhoekiidae

8: 55- 61.

Acarologia

2197

des

de Eutrombicula ( Eutrombicula) $ oeldii

adulte

Int.

17: 624- 30.

du Bresil

Vercammen- Grandjean,

forme

Leeuwenhoekia

Acarologia

Les

3rd.

8: 49- 54.

Acarologia

sp.

2196

originaire

de

famille

Some

Zool.

ortho- icono-

Proc.

Prague.

la

1975b.

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean, adulte

1975a. Rev.

and

eds. ,

de certains acariens sont- ils des

Acarologia

toires.

Rosicky,

Prostigmata).

P. H.

Vercammen- Grandjean,

de

type

( Acari).

region

techniques

Revision

1974.

espece

1945 ( Acarina:

Womersley, 2193

P. H.

l'

Of

Academia,

1971.

Prague,

Vercammen- Grandjean,

1973e. Daniel & B.

du

Comp. J. R.

genre

1956. avec,

Note comme

concernant

corollaire,

Schoutedenichia

Jad.

et

la la

Ver.

31: 427- 32.

Audy.

1957.

Malaysian

parasites

A revision of Heaslipia Ewing with descriptions of new species subspecies

Res.

Malaya

from

Africa

( 28):

153- 68.

(Acarina,

Trombiculidae).

Stud.

Inst.

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

160

2201

Vercammen- Grandjean, Eutrombicula

7(

2202

P. H. &

1965.

Audy.

Revision

of

Trombiculidae) .

the

genus

Acarologia

280- 94.

suppl. ) :

Vercammen- Grandjean, culid

J. R.

( Acarina:

1938

Ewing

VOL. 11, NO. 1

mite

of

P. H.,

J. R.

undetermined

F.

Audy & and

genus

Trombi-

1966.

Pegazzano.

from Depok,

species

Java,

being

fragments in the Berlese collection misidentified as Trombicula minor

2203

Vercammen- Grandjean,

d'

parasite

2204

Acarologia

1905.

Berlese,

P. H. &

limace.

une

Vercammen- Grandjean, restrial

snail

a

8: 275- 81. P. L. G.

Rev.

P. H.,

P. L. G.

host

new

for

Bot.

Un

1971.

Benoit.

Zool.

Benoit & J. J.

Mol.

van

Africain

Ter-

1970.

Acta

larvae.

trombiculid

aoutat

83: 180- 87.

Afr.

27:

Trop.

177.

2205

Vercammen- Grandjean,

from

Africa

east

Ann.

culidae).

2206

ina).

tres

et

Riv.

Zool.

de

deux

Bot.

Afr.

de

tion

d'

un

?

d'

et

2211

au

(

Acarologia

sa

new

Turkey.

des

Trombi-

un

genre.

Trombiculidae ( Acar-

Les

Fainiella;

Trombiculidae

J. B.

du

Revue

et

Acarina).

-

&

Zool .

Bot.

Rev.

nymphe.

P. H. &

M.

P. H. &

M.

Wharton,

1956b.

Bot.

Rolebinova.

Rolebinova.

1947

et

Verc.

1952)

53: 360- 64.

1966.

Acarologia

mastomyia

Considerations

Afr.

1956.

Vercammen- Grandjean, Acarina).

group

53: 343- 48.

brennani ( Jad.

Zool.

Descrip-

33: 5- 35.

Considerations sur un

Afr.

Jadin.

Trombiculidae

Comp.

Trombicula

genre,

J. B.

Hum.

1956a.

Jadin.

Les

Trombigastia.

genre

Parasitol.

du

Rev.

P. H.

1958.

Fain.

Ann.

Trombiculidae:

Revision

of

the

Description

of

two

of

the

8: 431- 37.

1968.

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Vercammen- Grandjean, Two

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Apoloniinae

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A.

Revision

Acarina).

Vercammen- Grandjean,

Multigniella:

1957b.

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&

P. H. &

Brunehaldia

species

famille

la

nouvelles.

Africaines

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2213

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2212

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Vercammen- Grandjean, diverses

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56: 283- 92.

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Trombiculidae -

2210

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Fain.

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2207

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Acarologia

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Acarologia

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2378

Womersley, sp. , Med.

2379

from Res.

Womersley, larval in

2380

a

annotated

of

(

Stud.

larvae

of

the

nymphs.

Med.

of

Res.

1957.

Audy.

( Acarina)

list and

Inst.

J. B.

H. &

( 26):

setae

off

120- 22. Whartonia penthetor n.

XX.

Stud.

Leeuwenhoekiidae).

parasites

Trombiculidae

Acarina:

Hong Kong.

Trombiculidae

Malaysian

1957b.

H.

parasites

the validity of

posterolateral

Inst.

103- 04.

( 28):

Malaya

with

Malaya

( Acarina,

bat

Malayan

mites

Womersley,

Malaysian

1957a.

H.

Res.

Med.

Inst.

On

VIII.

parasites

( Acarina)

Trombiculidae

of

Stud.

Scutum.

Malaysian

1954e.

H.

genera

the

XXI.

A small

collection of

Leeuwenhoekiidae)

Malaya

( 28):

Malaysian

Asiatic- Pacific

from

rats

105- 12.

parasites

region:

A

XXVII.

revised

The and

with descriptions Womersley ( Res. Malaya ( 28): 231- 96. Inst. Med.

species

Stud.

and

in

1952),

SEPTEMBER, 1986

2381

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

H. &

Womersley, itch- mites Soc.

2382

S.

Aust.

A. K. &

notes

Woodward, mite-

on

in

2385

as

of

2387

C. B.

in

W. J.

culidae)

the

Soc.

S.

Aust.

71: 3- 12.

A snake den in Cedar Mountains Herpetologica

mites.

1946.

Tsutsugamushi

Philippine

1945.

12: 261- 68.

disease (

scrub

or

Islands

during American reObservations on trombiculid mites.

II.

Vossbrinck.

arthropod

1977.

1974.

Notes

the

on

Scanning electron microscopy

Proc.

taxonomy.

Electron Microsc.

Biol.

Workshop

Appl.

SEM/-

2: 645- 651.

ecology

of

chiggers

Acarina:

(

Trombi-

from northern Michigan and the description of a new species

Euschoengastia.

Wrenn,

1956.

R.

32: 502- 13.

Scanning

Wrenn,

to

New genera and species of TrombiTrans.

parasitic

Philip. in

1944

T. A. &

tool

a

STEM.

2386

C. B.

Parasitol.

Woolley,

Parker. and

typhus)

occupation

J.

D. D.

snakes

T. E. &

borne

or

R.

67: 68- 142.

H. & G. H. Rohls. 1947. from the Pacific islands.

Woodbury, and

2384

The Trombiculinae ( Acarina) 1943. Heaslip. Austro- Malayan and Oriental regions. Trans.

Womersley, culidae

2383

W. G. the

of

173

W. J.

J.

1983.

A

from the

culidae)

Kans.

new

mountain

Entomol.

species

Soc.

of

beaver

in

47: 227- 38.

Euschoengastia ( Acari: Oregon,

USA.

J.

Med.

Trombi-

Entomol.

20: 203- 06. 2388

Wrenn,

W. J.

1984. Euschoengastia whitakeri n. Trombisp. ( Acari: from the smoky shrew in Indiana. Int. J. Acarol. 10: 15- 18.

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2389

Wrenn,

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North

Wrenn,

W. J.

chiggers

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2391

(

W. J. &

E.

Wrenn,

1976.

Two

new

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Loomis.

R. B.

of

Trombi-

1967. Otorhinophila, a new genus of from western North America. Acaro-

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W. J. & R. B.

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(

Acarina:

W. J. &

R. B.

C. E.

Bowman,

Chichester, Wrenn,

W. J.

chiggers

Med.

(

J.

new

A new species

western

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1974.

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species.

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the

status

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Entomol.

1984. 5. Trombiculidae).

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America,

from

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eds. ,

North

The Euschoengastia radfordi species

Trombiculidae)

five

of

1973.

from

Ewing).

Eutrombicula ( Acari:

J.

Loomis.

genus

Trombiculidae)

Trombiculidae)

descriptions

2394

R. B.

the

Nat.

californica

complex

2393

R. B.

Acarina,

Acarina:

2392

&

in

9: 152- 78.

Wrenn, of

Baccus &

mites

Southwest.

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2390

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American

VI,

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America, Am.

with

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160- 165, 1.

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Aplodontophila,

a

new

genus

of

from the northwestern United States.

2395

Wrenn,

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C. L.,

Wu,

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2397

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Sin.

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Z. S.

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G. H.,

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Entomotaxonomica

and

of

Baja

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Chinese

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Acariformes:

(

in

(

Description

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Wu.

C. L.

Yang &

species

Sci.

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( Walch,

new

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(

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Leptotrombidium culidae).

Discovery

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1959.

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Yang &

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Mexico.

California Norte,

Descriptions

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2396

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

174

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2398

% u,

A

1982.

H. J.

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Trombiculidae:

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Siseca ( Acariformes:

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Sin.

Zootaxon.

in

(

Chinese with English summary)

on

Distribution

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Report

Studies

1958.

M.

2399 * Yalta,

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mites

trombiculid

the

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Zool.

Sanit.

J.

Japan.

District.

tsutsugamushi

of

in

(

Japanese

with

English summary)

Part

foci

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1- 9.

2404

Island.

on

(

in Japanese)

tsutsugamushi

in

Shikoku

Island.

Sanit.

J.

Japan.

disease.

tsutsugamushi

of

5:

Zool.

in Japanese)

(

1.

Distribution

(

T.

Shikoku ( 4).

T.,

2407 * Yamaguchi, gamushi

(

Y.

Part

Prefecture.

2406 * Yamaguchi,

(

Shikoku

Island.

in Japanese)

in

tsutsugamushi

on

in Shikoku.

mites

in

Shikoku.

Tokushima

J.

Part

Exp.

2.

Med.

in Japanese)

T. &

2405 * Yamaguchi,

5: 48- 49.

Zool.

trombiculid

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tsutsugamushi

the

Studies

1960.

T.

6: 275- 82.

Sanit.

J.

Japan.

Yamaguchi,

On

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2403 * Yamaguchi, Part

Studies

Shikoku

in

tsutsugamushi

4: 49- 52.

Zool.

Island.

in Japanese)

(

on

Prefecture

and Yoron

The trombiculid fauna of east Shikoku and Awaji Islands,

2.

Part

1954a.

T.

2402 * Yamaguchi,

Sanit.

J.

Japan.

1.

in Kagoshima

in Kagoshima City

Studies

1953.

T.

2401 * Yamaguchi,

tsutsugamushi

10: 41- 45.

Zool.

Sanit.

J.

Japan.

on

Doloisia okabei

2).

Report

Studies

1959.

M.

2400 * Yalta,

&

Fukuyama.

1957.

1.

J.

Japan.

Japan.

M.

Hamada,

trombiculid

Shikoku Acta Med.

J.

Zool.

Sanit.

Y.

mites)

12: 781- 85.

Studies 9: 72.

Fukuyama & of

(

Shodo

8: 84- 85.

Zool.

1958.

Fukuyama.

Y.

Studies on tsutsugamushi in Ehime

Sanit.

H.

(

in Japanese)

tsutsugamushi

in

in Japanese)

Yonemoto.

Island,

in Japanese

on

(

with

1958.

Kagawa

Tsutsu-

Prefecture.

English summary)

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

2408 * Yamaguchi, gamushi

T.,

survey of 9: 64- 77. (

"

Horse,

Shikoku

T.

Miki in

mites)

type"

& Y.

Ono.

1956.

Shikoku.

Part

Studies on tsutsu-

3.

An epidemiological Shikoku Acta Med.

disease.

tsutsugamushi

in Japanese with English summary)

2409 * Yamaguchi, culid

N.

trombiculid

(

17S

T. &

T.

Miki.

in Awaji

mites)

1955.

Studies

Island.

the

on

1.

Part

tsutsugamushi ( trombi-

Acta

Shikoku

Med.

7: 13- 15.

in Japanese with English summary) 2410 * Yamaguti,

S.

N.,

found

gamushi

Inatoai

in

& M.

Okayama

Kimura.

Districts.

1960. Japan.

Report

on

Sanit.

J.

the

tsutsu-

Zool.

11: 58.

in Japanese)

2411

Yamamoto,

S.

Miyazoki

1960.

Survey

Prefecture

on

chigger

Japan.

of

mites

Kagoshima

and

Med.

lice

in

12: 1-

J.

Hyuga,

6.

(

in

in

the

Japanese)

2412 * Yamamoto,

S.

Tojinwara Sanit.

2413

1961.

area

Zool.

Yamamoto,

12: 169- 73.

S. &

Kagoshima

An

K.

investigation

Kaseda

of

(

trombiculid

mites

Prefecture.

Japan.

J.

in Japanese with English summary)

Kitahara.

Prefecture.

on

Kagoshima

City,

1964.

Japan.

Trombiculid survey in Ijuin area,

J.

Sanit.

Zool .

15: 119- 20.

(

in

Japanese)

2414

C. S.,

Yang, A

new

275.

2415

(

Yates,

2416

T. &

larval

Yu,

J.

2418 * Yu,

S. S.

Yu, of

Yu,

1959.

Trombicula kaohuensis sp.

from

mite

Chin.

Chekiang.

North

G. K.

Launchbaugh.

American

moles

(

1979.

Med.

nov. :

J.

78:

H.

Takahasi.

trombiculid

5: 61.

J.

1958.

mites

(

in

Chen &

Fuji

maneuver

Y. H.

Trombicula

animals

H.

Chou,

S. C.

deliensis

Sin.

7: 363- 72.

S. J. with

Lin.

Wu.

1957.

The Sin.

Lin & H. Y. and

(

Safety

the

Wu.

method

disease

in

Fukien.

Med.

survival and growth of mite 4: 245- 46. ( in Chinese) 1957. of

Study on the behavior

their

eradication.

Acta

in Chinese with English summary) 1957.

Rickettsia

in Fukien.

English summary)

Japan.

area.

in Japanese)

Acta Microbiol.

water.

S. S. &

J.

Seasonal occurrence and distribution

C.

infection

Talpidae).

16: 166- 68.

S. S.,

S. S.,

Ectoparasites from

Insectivora:

1957. Epidemiology of Trombicula 1: 22- 25. ( in Chinese)

Entomol.

2420

Wu.

Fukien

larvae in

2419

Pence &

of

Entomol.

Forces Med.

2417

K. H.

trombiculid

D. P.

species

Yatoai, of

Wu &

of

in Chinese) T. L.,

seven

Med.

C. L.

species

Study

on

tsutsugamuishi

Acta Microbiol.

Sin.

the condition of natural among mites and domestic 5: 425- 32.

(

in Chinese with

2421

Yu,

B. S. &

Entomol.

Yu,

between

two

9: 66- 74.

Sin.

Z. Z. &

1959.

Wu.

H. Y.

differences

2422

VOL. 11, NO. 1

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

176

D.

(

and

morphological

on

deliensis

Trombicula

of

biological Acta

Walch.

in Chinese with English summary) A

1981.

Wang.

Q.

Yunnan ( Acarina:

Study

types

new

species

of

Neotrombicula

from

6: 273- 75.

Sin.

Acta Zootaxon.

Trombiculidae).

in

(

Chinese with English summary) 2423

2424

Yu,

Z. Z.

&

G. R.

Province

53- 56.

(

Yu,

Z. Z.,

G. R.

Zootaxon.

Yu,

Yu,

(

Conte).

2428

1958.

Yunker,

2431

2432

AscoActa

species

of

chigger

Trombiculidae) .

Three

new Acta

Acta

species

of

Zootaxon.

chigger Sin.

5:

Iowa

C. B. &

J. R. two

and

of

new

for

intranasal

chiggers

endothermal

laboratory

animals.

in

State Univ.

R. J. Pr. ,

1962.

species

(

Flynn,

Parasites

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of

Ames.

Endoparasitic

Oudemans,

synoti

(Le

25: 31- 34.

technique

425- 92,

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Doloisia

of

lucifugus

Myotis

of

47: 720.

Parasites

Animals.

mites

Wash.

sampling

C. B. &

J. R.

Brennan.

Med.

Yunker,

J.

Acarina:

chiggers:

II.

with descriptions of

1910,

a

Acaro-

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C. B.,

J. H. & J.

Four new chiggers ( Acarina: Trom1964. the epidemic area of Bolivian Hemorrhagic

1: 192- 95.

Entomol.

Peralta

Yunker,

Brennan, Vogel.

Hughes,

L. B.

1975.

C. B. & of

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S. X.

B. B.

a

new

two

new

J.

order

genera

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Med.

1961.

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host

C. B.

Isolation

from Panamanian Acarina.

Chiroptera,

Acta

1980.

Soc.

Fever.

Zhao,

7:

in Chinese with English summary)

parasitic

from rodents of

agents

2434

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( Acarina:

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biculidae)

tions

from

Sin.

4: 570- 76.

Yunker,

P. H.

2433

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subgenus

logia

Five

1982.

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Pp.

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J.

Mites.

15,

Laboratory 2430

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Tu.

The

1961.

C. B.

Chapter

(

Helminthol.

C. B.

Yunker,

of

Acta

in Chinese with English summary)

Trombiculidae).

2429

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Two new species of 1980. Trombiculidae). ( Acarina:

China

Gong.

of

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Yang &

Proc.

Yunker,

D.

China ( Acarina:

C. B.

Yunker,

(

7: 270- 79.

G. R.

from

259- 63.

Yang & Z. Yunling

Sin.

Z. Z.,

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2427

Mt.

Chen.

Yunnan,

5: 150- 53.

G. R.

from

Zootaxon.

2426

new

Trombiculidae).

R. H.

Yang & from

Sin.

Z. Z.,

mites

( Acarina:

in Chinese with English summary)

schoengastia

2425

Two

1982.

Yang.

Yunnan

for

viral

Entomol.

and

(

chiggers,

Acarina:

Clifford,

rickettsial

12: 250- 55.

Endoparasitic

intranasal

species

C. M.

Philip,

of

chiggers:

I.

with descrip-

Trombiculidae).

J.

47: 995- 1000. 1982.

Entomol.

Sin.

A new species of Leptotrombidium parasitic on bats.

25: 102- 04.

(

in Chinese

with

English

summary)

SEPTEMBER, 1986

2435

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Zhao,

S.%.,

Walchia

Y.

24: 324- 26. 2436

Zhou,

(

M. ,

T. W.

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2438

(

the

N. D. 2.

2439 * Zhovtyi, On

p.

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1,

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Emelyanova,

Izv.

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L. V.

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N. D.

I. F.

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Acta

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Trans-

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2441

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I. F.,

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1981.

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Wen,

sp.

Siberia

of

Y. S.

1931

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The

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178- 184

BULL SOC. VECTOR ECOL., 11( 1):

EVIDENCE INCRIMINATING COQUILLETTIDIA PERTURBANS

DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) AS AN EPIZOOTIC VECTOR OF EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS1

Isolation of EEE Virus From Cq. perturbans

I.

During an Epizootic Among Horses in New Jersey W. J. Crans2 and T. L. Schulze3

In 1983, four horse deaths due to Pastern Equine Encephalitis Virus( EEE) occurred on three

ABSTRACT:

farms in

separate

inland community

small

a

Ocean

of

County,

New

Jersey.

Mosquito trapping

revealed

that Coquillettidia perturbans was the dominant mosquito at each of the farms immediately after the equine deaths. FRE virus was isolated from host-seeking Cq. perturbans at two of the three farms where the equine deaths occurred during the preliminary survey period. Later survey revealed that FRP. virus was also present in Culiseta for

Cq.

collected

melanura

from the surrounding

12. 93 for Cs.

and

perturbans

area.

Minimum field infection rates of F.F.F.virus were 1. 63

Data suggest that Cs. melanura functioned as the enzootic

melanura.

vector during the outbreak period and that Cq. perturbans functioned as the primary vector to horses. August 26, and permitted an extended investigation of

INTRODUCTION

Pastern Equine Encephalitis( EEE) is recognized phenomenon in New Jersey primarily as a coastal with greatest virus activity in areas where freshwater swamps

border

salt marsh

wetlands (

1967, Goldfield and Sussman 1968). shown

that Culiseta

in bird

populations near

Altman

maintains

melanura

et al.

Research has F.F.F.

virus

swamp focus

the freshwater

the mosquito species present, the mosquito habitats in the area, and the incidence of EEE virus. Clark et al. (

1985)

gave a brief description of the outbreak

and the results of a study to test for transovarial transmission of FEE virus by Coquillettidia perturbans. This paper presents the results of the field

investigations that were initiated shortly after the first equine death was confirmed.

Morris et al. 1980, Crans et al. 1986) but that vectors

humans

to

and

horses

from

vary

one

MATERIALS AND METHODS

geographic area to the next ( Feemster et al. 1958, Chamberlain et al. 1969).

Aedes

The

salt marsh mosquito

has been incriminated as a primary FRF. in coastal areas of New Jersey ( Crans

sollicitans

vector of

1977, Crams common at

et al.

1986).

Sussman 1968, Sofield et horses have

Although

inland locations in the

equine cases are

state(

Goldfield

1983), the

al.

20

Four

mil)

area

to

of

the

of

occurred

cases

Jackson

Jackson Township is situated in the New Jersey pine barrens in northern Ocean County approximately 32 km ( 20 mi.) from the Atlantic coast. The area is characteristic of the outer coastal plain with sandy The soils composed primarily of Kirkwood Sand.

vegetation is typical of the New Jersey pine barrens,

been identified.

never

In 1983, five horse deaths due to FFF reported from the State of New Jersey( Schulze 1984).

and

vectors

Description of the Area

in

Township,

community in the northeastern portion The outbreak extended from County.

a

52

were

et al. km2

an

inland

of

Ocean

July

8

to

with considerable low shrub that is dominated by an oak and pine canopy. The area is drained by the Toms River and the South Branch of the Metedeconk River. At least 12 man-made lakes can be found in

the vicinity, most associated with cranberry farming. Aerial photographs and Geodetic survey maps show

New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. D-40101- 01-86 supported by U. S. Hatch Act with partial support from the New Jersey State Mosquito Control Commission.

2Mosquito Research and Control, Cook College, Rutgers University, P. O. Box 231, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA. 3New Jersey State

Department

of

Health, CN- 360, Room 705, Trenton, New

Jersey

08625, USA.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

more than where

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

30 cranberry bogs in and around the were affected. A few of the larger

horses

systems

under

were

area

increase in

bog

Although the brain was taken at the time of death, inappropriate preservation did not allow confirmation

the time of the

cultivation at

179

titer to FFF

over

the

24 hr period.

survey, but the majority had been abandoned. One large tract of abandoned bogs was being utilized as a

by isolation of virus from brain tissue. The second

Fish

being raised on the same farm and had received

and

By

Game Wildlife Management Area. New

Jersey

standards,

Jackson

Township

is

quite rural with a population of

approximately 22, 000

people spread over an area of

260

The

is

region

noted

for raising horses

breed

of stables that

km2 (

100

mi

2).

with a number

for

and/ or train standardbreds

racing purposes. Zoning laws permit horses on land of limited acreage and many property owners keep one or more horses in a backyard situation. Horse

ownership is common even in developments the frontage may be less than 15 m( 50 ft.).

where

case involved a three month old Arabian colt that was

inactivated vaccine at the time of the first animal' s death. tissue.

The four in

of

fatalities

third

case occurred

in

an

aged,

development approximately 6. 4 km ( 4

mi.)

to the

Onset of symptoms were first noticed on August 12, and FEE was confirmed as the cause of

north.

death by isolation of virus from the brain. The final case occurred in a 16 month old standardbred that was

Equine Fatalities

equine

The

unvaccinated pony that was kept as a pet in a housing

being Confirmation

Onset occurred July 23, and the case was

confirmed by isolation of EEE virus from brain

trained at a special

facility.

The animal had

been vaccinated the previous week because of the F.F.F. virus

attributed to

publicity surrounding the prior cases in the area. The

encompassing the hamlets of Holmansville, Van Hiseville, and Jackson Mills ( Fig.

farm

1).

and 9.6 km( 6 mi.) from the first two cases. Onset of

occurred

Two

an

area

the animals were stabled in a

of

backyard farm. One the other was

for

trotters

available

being

and

kept in

was

raised at a

on the

being

raised

large training

four

two cases occurred on a 0.4

Holmansville.

development

TABLE

pacers.

information

a

on

1

ha ( 1. 0

and

facility

summarizes

The first

animals.

acre)

farm in

for

show.

The first

14

animal, a

CNS

month

symptoms

8. The attending veterinarian collected serum that date and again the following day just prior to

July

euthanization.

symptoms began August 26, when the owner noticed that the animal was less active than its stable mates. The horse was allowed to remain in the exercise area

overnight and was found dead the following morning. The case was reported immediately and confirmed by isolation of F.F.F.virus from the brain.

Both involved Arabians that were

old unvaccinated stallion, exhibited on

small

was located 3. 2 km ( 2 mi.) from the housing development where the pony contracted the infection

The blood

samples showed a

64- fold

Mosquito Collections

Mosquito surveillance was initiated as soon as possible at the farms where equine deaths were reported. Each of the sites was visited at least twice to

ascertain

the

mosquito

species

TABLE 1. Equine deaths due to FEE virus in Jackson Township, New Jersey during 1983. Date

Vaccination

of

Onset

7/ 8

7/ 23

8/ 12 +

8/ 26

Age 14

3

10

16

mo

mo

yr

mo

Breed&

Sex

Location

History

Arabian

Farm 1

Unvaccinated

Stallion

Hohnansville

Arabian

Farm 1

Colt

Holmansville

Grade Pony Gelding

Van Hiseville

Standardbred Stallion

Farm 2

Farm 3 Jackson Mills

Vaccinated Previous Week

Unvaccinated

Vaccinated Previous Week

present

once

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

180

At4P*

1

4

4

t iolibA, 11

SIP t

1\

lipilp

4'

P

Mors•

Farm 3

r

c.

Jackson

Hors•

Mills

VIP'

Farm 2

526

1111111V. S]

7

Vanhis• vill. Hors•

Farm 1

N• lmansvill• , r

525

r

2 mi

Figure 1. The Jackson Township area of Ocean County, New Jersey where Eastern Equine Encephalitis reached epizootic proportions in 1983.

confirmation of

of

FF.F. had been determined as the cause

death. Portable CDC traps baited

used

to

make

distribution

at

the

where

sites

horses generally

for

ice

were

were used to selectively collect Culiseta melanura over

wider

a

geographic

area

for

isolation

deaths had

were also used to

township to locate potential resting places of Cs.

equine

light traps

dry

attempts. The boxes were, at first, randomly scattered in damp forest and swamp habitat throughout the

collections

collections

Trapping

attempts.

the

farms

Jersey

the

supplement

where

the

New

occurred.

of

all

with

for

virus

included the

species

isolation

stable

area

spent the night, exercise

melanura.

When concentrations of the species were

located, the resting boxes were grouped in those areas that yielded the largest collections.

areas where the horses were kept during the day, and wooded

areas

September (

In early surrounding each farm. the last equine case) resting boxes

after

Virus Isolation Protocol All

of

the

mosquitoes collected

by

light

traps

SEPTEMBER, 1986

and

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

resting boxes

laboratory species,

frozen

were

The

collection.

the

stage

New

laboratories chicks

blood

of

they

were

than

12

hours

Chamberlain

by

suspensions

State

Jersey

from

chicks

at the time of

by

date,

site,

digestion.

meal

17. Culiseta melanura comprised a somewhat larger percentage of the mosquito population at this and

in the

speciated

57° C(- 70° F)

where

less

described

ice

dry

were

on a chill table and pooled

and

specimens were stored at-

to

on

specimens

site due, primarily, to a local breeding source within

The

45

by

et al. (

the

1954).

yds)

the

of

August

30

stable

Farm 3 was

area.

September

and

1,

when Cq. perturbans were well into their decline. Anopheline

species formed a large portion of the collections at that site, but the total number of specimens trapped was low due to cool night time temperatures at that

methods

The brain

symptoms

showing

50

m (

sampled

and submitted

Department of Health tested in White Leghorn old

181

were

time of year.

innoculated into fresh chicks, suckling mice, and duck The final virus identification fluorescent by antibody ( FA) from the

embryo tissue culture.

Virus

was

Trap Collections A total of 1, 895 specimens were grouped in 67

made

tissue culture preparations.

pools

RESULTS

A

total of 1,

summarizes the

the on

fauns

farms.

light the

of

were

for the

trap

from

Culex

Cq.

death

equine

gorged

was a minor

Farm 1 (

apparently

season.

an

collections

locations.

was sampled

perturbans

by

early

season

that time of

but

July 20- 28, near

was

Culex

salinarius

Farm 2,

when

the

combined.

Two of

peak

salinarius

when

area

TABLE 2.

the

also was

major

sampled on

perturbans

representing approximately

total collection for that species on that trapping date. The minimum field infection rate ( MFIR) for Cq.

the

during this epizootic period was 1. 63

perturbans

isolations per 1, 000, or 1 isolation for each 612

were probably multi-parous Coquillettidia perturbans and

were

Cq.

pool contained eight unengorged Cq. perturbans, the

pop-

was

The first isolation was

perturbans.

The second isolation was obtained from Farm 3, 11 days after the equine death at that site. The positive

the site of

and

year.

TABLE 3 lists

attempts.

farms

Light

one- third of the mosquitoes collected on that date.

only other mosquito species present in large numbers. Small numbers of Aedes canadensis remained from the

isolation

the

obtained from the collection made at Farm 1, two days after the second horse died from EEE at that location. The positive pool contained 100 unen-

mosquito at each of

melanura

Cq.

unengorged

TABLE 2

shows that

results and

dominant

Culiseta

the

at all

2 equine deaths)

ulations

three

immediately following

in

species

by

specimens was collected

the

the

the premises.

present

Cq.

068

trapping

was

virus

From

the pools from the horse farms yielded EEE virus. Both of the isolations were obtained from pools of

CDC traps from

perturbans

for

Attempts

the results from the three

Mosquito Collections the

Isolation

tested.

Results of the trapping studies showed that Cq. perturbans was not only the specimens

species at

dominant mosquito species in the area, but that F.F.F

August 15

virus was present in host-seeking Cq. perturbans at

Mosquito collections from Jackson Township farms where equine deaths were investigated in 1983.

No.

Cq.

perturbans

613

(

Cx.

salinarius

107

(

Ae.

canadensis

27

Farm 3

Farm 2

Farm 1

Mosquito Species

(%)

No.

(%)

77)

147

(

13)

45

(

3)

No.

(%)

66)

22

( 20)

4

(

8)

0

(

0)

0

(

0)

( 44)

Cx.

restuans

18

(

2)

12

(

5)

0

(

0)

Ae.

vexans

18

(

2)

0

(

0)

0

(

0)

Cs.

melanura

4

(<

1)

13

Ae. triseriatus

4

(<

1)

2

An. bradleyi

3

(<

1)

Other*

1 (<

1)

An. punctipennis, Ae. trivittatus,

and

(

6)

4

(<

1)

1

0

(

0)

17

4

(

2)

2

Cx. pipiens.

(

8) 2)

(

34)

( (

4)

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

182

two

farms

three

the

of

from mosquitoes in that region in advance of the first

deaths had

equine

where

from the farms but the

collected

horse infection

numbers tested were

however,

very low.

Subsequent collections,

of the year.

failed to yield EEE virus from

the large

samples of Cq. perturbans that were tested. Francy Culiseta

From

Isolation

Virus

melanura

(

During

the

survey

Cs.

232

period,

from resting boxes were TABLE 4 lists the collections

period and shows that F.EE virus was

Cs.

melanura population

the

latter

the

part of

in Jackson

by

sampling present in the

Township during

the collections were

season when

The MFIR for the

made.

and a single

melanura

tested for FRR

collected virus.

investigated

1982)

an

outbreak

period

collection

was

12. 93, an exceptionally high rating for this species in New Jersey ( Veazey et al. 1980). Data, however, were only collected over a short period of time and the figure is probably not truly indicative of the amount of virus in this species during the outbreak period.

human

case.

was the dominant mosquito in that area and the

results of field investigations and virus isolation attempts

suggested

probable

that

Cq.

in

the

also

was

during EEE three

only

virus was

farms

Coquillettidia

dates.

species

mosquito

the time that

isolation peak

these

with

horses

found

positive

contracting EEE.

were

isolated from the

perturbans

EEE

virus

was

extremely low.

numbers

obtained when

when

for the

season

the species was

suggested that exceptionally high populations of Cq. perturbans might be necessary to initiate epizootic transmission of RF . virus by this species. Sofield et 1983) conducted field investigations at inland

al. (

sites where equine cases of EEE were confirmed in season.

was

Their results

the

dominant

mosquito at the farms where the equine deaths occurred but no virus was isolated from any of the specimens that were captured for virus isolation attempts.

Current knowledge

points to

Cs.

melanura

as

the primary maintenance and amplification vector of

FEE virus in any given area ( Burbutis and Jobbins 1957, al.

Kissling 1958, Hayes et al. 1962, Morris et

1980, Nasci

Edman 1981).

and

No virus was

detected in Cs. melanura collected at the farms during

the outbreak period but follow-up survey did show

near

and

the second was

that Cs. melanura were positive for EEE in that area and that the MFIR in Cs. melanura was extremely

well

into its

high.

species

was

seasonal

From the information available, it would appear

decline. Coquillettidia vector of

The information

One

the

obtained

the

species at two of the

where equine cases were contracted.

was

was

Cq. perturbans.was

extremely abundant in that area and the MFIR for

in New

involvement closely

activity period for Cq. Jersey. The advent of equine Jackson Township corresponded

as the peak

perturbans

However,

vector.

Jersey during the 1982 showed that Cq. perturbans

Data from Jackson Township strongly incriminate Cq. perturbans as the primary vector to horses during the outbreak period. Hagmann ( 1953) cites

June 23- July 5,

southwestern

Coquillettidia perturbans

New DISCUSSION

perturbans

in

Michigan during 1980 that involved numerous horses

Collected After the Outbreak

has been

perturbans

F.FF, since Howitt

suspected as a

et al. ( 1949)

that Cs. melanura

was functioning as the enzootic

isolated the

vector during the outbreak although the data only

in Georgia. Since

document enzootic involvement after the equine

that time, however,

deaths actually occurred. Data also suggest that Cq.

been

only limited field evidence has to directly link the species with either

perturbans was the primary vector to horses at the

virus

from

wild-caught specimens

gathered

equine or

human cases

Srihongse ( 1978) perturbans

the

in

fact that

of the

isolated

central

New York

this was the

TABLE

Morris

and

from

Cq.

inland focus during 1983. Sofield et al. ( 1983) point to the problems associated with sampling for EEE

and made mention of

virus after horse cases are confirmed. The extended

disease.

FRF

virus

first isolation

ever obtained

outbreak period in the Jackson Township area overted

3. Virus isolations from mosquitoes collected from three farms where equine deaths were attributed to FF.F.virus in 1983.

Mosquito Species

Cq. perturbans Other

Total

No.

EEE

Tested

Pools

Positive

MFIR

1, 225

15

2

1. 63

670

52

0

0

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

TABLE

4.

Virus isolations from Cs. melanura collected from Jackson Township, New Jersey following an epizootic in horses in 1983. Collection

No.

Period

Tested

September 08- 09 September 12- 15 September 19- 20 September 28- 29 October 10- 12 Totals aMFIR=

those problems and permitted equine case

in one instance

the others that

183

and

No.

FF.F.

Pools

Positive

18

3

67

8

1

81

5

2

47

4

0

12

2

4

232

22

0

3a

12.93

sampling prior to an immediate response to

followed.

Chamberlain, R. W., W. D. Sudia, P. H. Coleman, J.

G.

Johnson,

T.

and

H.

Work.

1969.

Arbovirus isolations from mosquitoes collected

in Waycross, Georgia, 1963, during an outbreak

Acknowledgements

of

eastern

equine

Am.

encephalitis.

J.

Epidemiol. 89: 82-88.

The authors thank Dr. Ronald Altman, Dr. William Parkin, Dr. Bernard Taylor, and Mr. Wayne Pizzuti of the New Jersey State Department of Health for their

Special

efforts and advice

appreciation

is

Mr. Walter Gusciora,

during

this

and

investigation.

Mr. David Adam,

extended to

Mr. Jeff Winegar

of the

New Jersey State Health Department for data that was pertinent to the of the

Ocean

fmdings

County

was most valuable,

of this study. The assistance Mosquito Control Commission

particularly in

initial location

the

of mosquito breeding habitats in the Jackson Township area. The study would not have been possible without the

on equine cases that were

Dr.

Sidney Nusbaum and Dr. Robert of the New Jersey Department of Agriculture.

supplied

Eisner

by

data

REFERENCES CITED Altman, R.

M., M. Goldfield, and O. Sussman. 1967. The impact of vector-borne viral diseases in the Middle Atlantic states. Med. Clin. North Amer. 51( 3): 661- 671.

Burbutis, P. P. melanura

in New

Kissling. western

and

C. L. Crabbs.

1985.

Absence of eastern equine encephalitis ( EEE) virus in immature Coquillettidia perturbans associated with equine cases of

F.F.F.. J. Am.

Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 1( 4): 540-542. Crans, W. J.

1977.

The status of Aedes sollicitans

as an epidemic vector of eastern equine encepha-

litis in New Jersey. Mosq. News 37( 1): 85- 89. Crans, W. J., J. McNelly, T. L. Schulze, and A. Main.

1986.

Isolation of eastern equine

encephalitis virus from Aedes sollicitans during

epizootic in southern New Jersey. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 2( 1): 68- 72. an

J. Am.

Feemster, R. F., R. E. Wheeler, J. B. Daniels, H. D. Rose,

R. E.

Kissling,

R.

O. Hayes,

R. E.

Alexander, and W. A. Murray. 1958. Field and laboratory studies on equine encephalitis. New England J. Med. 259: 107- 113.

and

D. M. Jobbins.

1957.

Culiseta

and eastern equine encephalomyelitis

Jersey.

Proc. N. J.

Mosq.

Exterm.

Assoc. 44: 68- 70.

Chamberlain,

Clark, G. G., W. J. Crans,

R.

W.,

1954. equine

R.

Use

K.

Sikes,

of chicks

encephalitis

Immunol. 73: 106- 114.

in

and

R.

E.

Francy,

eastern and

and

J.

Sci.

studies.

D. B.

1982.

Eastern equine encepha-

lomeyelitis ( EEE) and consideration of some alternatives for dealing with EEE as a public health problem. Pp. 15- 18 ha: J. G. Engemann Ed.) Eastern equine encepha- lomyelitis ( F.F.F,) public

for

health in

southwestern

Citizens Ctr.

Mich. Univ., 26 pp.

of

SW

Michigan.

Mich., West.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

184

Goldfield, M.

outbreak of eastern encephalitis

Introduction

I.

perturbans

(

L.

L.,

R.

Sussman, logical

and

Biology Proc.

Walker).

Mansonia

of

N. J.

Mosq.

O.

Hess,

D.

1962. Entomo-

M. J. Bonese.

the 1959 outbreak of eastern

aspects of

encephalitis

A.

Beadle,

D.

in New

Jersey.

Am. J.

Trop.

Med.

Hyg. 11: 115- 121.

lomyelitis virus in up-state New York, USA.

relation

to distance from

Recovery

Bishop,

and

R. H.

of the virus of eastern

Gorrie.

1949.

equine

encephalomeyelitis perturbans)

from

mosquitoes

collected

in Georgia.

breeding

eastern Massachusetts eastern equine encephalitis

enzootic foci. J. Med. Entomol. 18( 6): 493- 500. W. J. Crans, and W. E. Parkin.

1984. Multi-agency response to eastern equine encephalitis

Jackson

in

Township,

R. E.

1958.

arthropod-borne

Host relationship

the

Ann. N. Y.

encephalitides.

Ocean

County, New Jersey. Proc. N. J. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 71: 87- 93. Sofield, R. K., J.

Kissling,

J. Med.

Nasci, R. S. and J. D. Edman. 1981. Blood-feeding patterns of Culiseta melanura ( Diptera: Culicidae) and associated sylvan mosquitoes in south-

Science 110: 141- 142. of

site.

Entomol. 17: 453- 465.

Schulze, T. L.,

Howitt, B. F., H. R. Dodge, L. K.

Mansonia

R. H. Zimmerman, and J. D. Edman.

1980. Epizootiology of eastern equine encephaII. Population dynamics and vector potential of

Exterm. Assoc. 40: 141- 147. Hayes,

Morris, C. D.,

adult Culiseta melanura ( Diptera: Culicidae) in

1953.

L. E.

Jersey.

outbreak.

of

1- 10.

Am. J. Epidemiol. 87( 1):

Hagmann,

in New

description

and

The 1959

1968.

O. Sussman.

and

McNelly,

and

W. J. Crans.

1983. Epidemiological investigations of mos-

quito

populations

following

an outbreak of

eastern equine encephalitis among horses in New

Acad. Sci. 70: 320-327.

Jersey. J. Fla. Anti-Mosq. Assoc. 54: 21- 23. Morris,

C.

D.

evaluation

and of

S.

the

hypothesis eastern

transmission

of

lomeyelitis

Culiseta

Med.

Hyg.

by

1978.

Srihongse.

27: 1246- 1250.

transovarial

of

equine

melanura.

An

encepha-

Am. J.

Trop.

Veazey, J., D. Adam, and W. Gusciora. 1980. Arbovirus surveillance for eastern encephalitis in New

Jersey mosquitoes during the years 1960- 1969. Proc. N. J.

Mosq.

Contr. Assoc. 67: 160- 171.

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL., 11( 1):

SEPTEMBER, 1986

185- 190.

EVIDENCE INCRIMINATING COQUILLE7TIDIA PERTURBANS

DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) AS AN EPIZOOTIC VECTOR OF EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITTSI

II. Ecological Investigations Following an Inland Epizootic in New Jersey W. J. Crans2, L. J. McCuiston2, and T. L. Schulze3

ABSTRACT: Ecological investigations following an epizootic of eastern equine encephalitis ( FEF) virus at an

inland location in New Jersey suggested that plant succession in a series of local man-made lakes had created adjacent breeding habitat for Coquillettidia perturbans and Culiseta melanura in areas where large numbers of horses were being raised. Data suggested that the ecological setting permitted Cq. perturbans to function as the primary vector to horses in areas where Cs. melanura was maintaining the virus at enzootic levels. Data also show that population levels of these two vector species change markedly from year to year and, thereby, regulate the risk of FF.F virus transmission in areas where the disease appears sporadically. INTRODUCTION

description of the Jackson Township area in relation

In 1983, four horse deaths due to

encephalitis ( EEE) virus were reported

from Jackson

region

epidemiological

where

Culiseta

horses

melanura

in that area

and

investi-

functioned

had

perturbans

Cq. Township

overwinter as adults,

Cs.

repeated vector

long

The

melanura

and

area.

the

study

following were

served as

locate the

Cs.

Since

both

extended well

Cq.

spring,

monitored

for

are presented

in this

have been

The combination of

abandoned.

region presents a unique ecological setting with small

rural farms interspersed with abandoned bog systems among typical pine barrens vegetation.

the

Location of Mosquito Breeding Habitat

in the

During September and October, 1983, the Jackson

species

Township focus was visited three times each week. All freshwater areas with emergent vegetation were

into the

perturbans

evidence of

the

of

year-

(

sampled for Cq. perturbans larvae using the modified bilge pump method described by Walker and Crans 1986). Aquatic plants that served as hosts for Cq. perturbans larvae were uprooted and brought back to

paper.

laboratory for identification. Lakes and bog systems were initially located by examining township maps. Later in the study, helicopter surveillance the

MATERIALS AND METHODS Description

Crans

systems

horse farming and cranberry farming in a pine barrens

breeding

melanura

involvement. The findings

investigation

industry is declining in that area and most of the bog

the

ecological

abated,

habitat

and

at

as the enzootic vector

investigations

winter months.

gations

Coquilletidia perturbans

were conducted to

Jackson

lakes. Most of the lakes were originally constructed to hold water for cranberry farming, but the cranberry

were affected and concluded that

primary vector to horses. Once the outbreak

of

contains an inordinate number of small, man-made

20

normally be Schulze ( 1986)

FFF.. Crans and

considered at risk to

km2 (

52

because they were limited to a inland focus that would not

conducted

breeding

small

a

unique

farms

common on small farms, backyard plots, and larger The area also and training facilities.

community in the pine barrens of Ocean County, New Jersey. The cases were

Township,

mil)

to the outbreak of EEE in horses during 1983. The region is noted for raising horses and horses are

eastern equine

of

and

located

the Area

Schulze ( 1986)

gave

a

complete

additional

wetlands

for

survey.

From

November, 1983, to February, 1984, the survey was

1New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. D-40101- 02- 86 supported by U. S. Hatch Act with partial support from the New Jersey State Mosquito Control Commission.

2Mosquito Research and Control, Cook College, Rutgers University, P. O. Box 231, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 USA. 3New Jersey

State Department

of

Health, CN- 360, Room 705, Trenton, New

Jersey 08625,

USA.

186

BULL. SOC. VECTOR. ECOL.

cuau.

Yw..«

w.+ x

S_

u" T'

a ••-&...

a,,

SEPTEMBER, 1986

y., t

S

x w"

s

t

w. .° awe°'

Y

.

.

Figure 1. Shallow man-made lake in Jackson Township, New Jersey showing emergent vegetation within the lake and Atlantic White Cedar( Chamaecyparis thyoides) in the background.

y

y

r

wig

t.

3i,

t I ,

j

4 .

rah

Figure 2. Dense

stand of

perturbans

Swamp

in Jackson

Loosestrife( Decodon

Township,

New

verticillatus),

Jersey.

the major host plant for Coquillettidia

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

187 s

3- ' 4" .,),..,, 4°,'

011?„ 4 ,

.

'

4

''. ..! 14-,$•....it '°

4..„.

.

4

b

1



ate

1..tii•

4

',.'

IN

B'f

Via

Tk

m

s.

Figure 3. Aerial view of a typical man-made lake in Jackson Township, New Jersey showing proximity of: A) larval habitat for Coquillettidia perturbans, B) larval habitat for Culiseta melanura, and C) horse

pasture. (



Photo courtesy of the Ocean County Mosquito Control Commission). r

d.,<

v

t #

4

b

fit

`

r

4. } ;

f'

1

b.

lit,'

J

4r, ?

r

1

r

of

s

\

i.

r

3 I

r

Figure 4. Sampling Swamp Loosestrife for Coquillettidia perturbans larvae with a modified bilge pump in late fall.

continued once

When ice

weekly.

covered

lakes,

the

designed using a heavy iron bit Areas were for ice fishing.

collections were made

to

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR. ECOL.

188

holes

out

chip

larvae and the results

perturbans

survey map Resting boxes were

trations of

Cs.

an

area,

breeding

a

the flooding of cranberry bogs. In those cases where aquatic vegetation had become established in the

the month of

littoral zone, Cq. perturbans larvae were found on the

adults were

melanura

Since Cs.

concen-

locate

to

during

adults

to

made

effort was

concerted

source.

constructed to function as reservoir water sources for

utilized

melanura

September. When Cs.

All but 2 of the 12 lakes examined were originally

were color coded on

the area.

of

a geodetic

found in

locate the

larvae

melanura

are pri-

pockets of water( Benzon marily found in underground 1984, Joseph 1984, McNelly 1984) the modified

bilge pump

Likely

as

used

again

was

areas of swampland

sampling tool.

a

containing

access

holes

for larvae

examined

underground water were

perturbans was primarily associated with the lakes.

Cq.

for

negative

or

positive

either

as

classified

remainder had been abandoned and served as low-lying Larval surveillance revealed that Cq. swampland.

to

grasses.

the

FEE

dry

ice

Cs.

and

resting boxes identified

Jersey

1

CDC All

once each week.

traps

15,

State Department described

by

of

Cq. with

from 25

specimens were

on a chill table and submitted to the

the methods

were

baited

sampled

were

melanura

New

Health for

Crans

virus assay by Schulze( 1986).

and

Twelve

under

lakes

man-made

located

during

cultivation

at

30 cranberry bogs

and

survey. Ten

the

time

the

TABLE 1 lists plants that were found to support

numbers of larvae. The Narrow-leaved Cattail Typha

of

of

the bogs were

the

study,

the

was a major host plant in the upper

angustifolia

reaches of the larger lakes. Cattail has been cited as a

typical host plant for Cq. perturbans in New Jersey swamps if the bottom substrate is loose enough to Swamp allow larvae to attach ( Hagmann 1952). Decodon

Loosestrife,

verticillatus

was

in the Jackson

area.

The plant was very common

along the margins of the shallower bog reservoirs and all of the stands that were sampled supported large numbers of larvae at the time of the survey. In some

a grass belonging to the genus Juncus

supported large numbers of larvae in very shallow areas close to the upland. Larval attachment to this plant was most common during the winter months when much of the lake surface was frozen solid.

Aquatic flora associated with Cq. perturbans larvae in the vicinity of

TABLE 1.

equine deaths due to Eastern Equine Encephalitis.

Shrub

Scientific Name

Common Name

Plant Type

Buttonbush

Cephalanthus accidentalis

Sweet Pepperbush

Clethra alnifolia Chamaedaphne calyculata

Leather Leaf

Swamp Swamp

Azalae

Rhododendron visosum

Loosestrife*

Decodon verticillatus

Arrowhead

Sagittaria latifolia

Narrow-leaved Cattail*

Typha angustifolia

Monocot

Rush*

Juncus spp.

Denotes

host- plant

Herbaceous

a major

found to

support the greatest numbers of Cq. perturbans larvae

lakes,

RESULTS

were

and the greatest numbers of Cq. perturbans larvae.

Cq. perturbans larvae during the survey period. Three

area to measure

October

to

were collected with

perturbans

Most of the bog systems supported some

contained the greatest amount of emergent vegetation

presence or absence of

test for the

June

and

primary reservoirs for abandoned bog systems

of the vector species one year after

From

virus.

plants,

groups of plants appeared to hold the greatest

In early June of 1984, adult collected from the Jackson Township

levels

herbaceous

associated with the lakes and lakes that served as the

and the

mosquitoes

outbreak and

shrubs,

rarely found in the bogs themselves. The larvae were

Adult Mosquito Collections

population

aquatic

emergent vegetation, but Cq. perturbans larvae were

to the survey maps of the area.

results were added

of

roots

at the time of the

survey.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

Larval Surveillance for Cs. melanura Larval surveillance in the Jackson

Cs.

that

melanura

light trap habitat the

that

The

thyoides.

lakes

contained

Cs.

provided

in

per 1, 000 specimens tested, the highest season rating for any of the collection sites that were being

south of the affected area

was

its tributaries.

and

Cq. Township

producing

cedar,

suitable

monitored in New Jersey that year( Crans unpublished data).

man-

The MFIR from August 24 to the end of the

perturbans.

season ( the period when virus was known to be

sustained a

present) was 7. 73. Although the figure is not as high

Chamaecyparis

as the 12. 93 MFIR obtained from Cs. melanura in 1983 ( Crans and Schulze 1986), data suggest that

zone of

subterranean

with suitable

Jackson the

with

behind the littoral

melanura

in

habitat

associated

white

cedar

seven

the end of the season. The minimum field infection

were

Atlantic

of

and

rate ( MFIR) for the entire season was 4.88 isolations

lake in Jackson

Nearly every stand

collection

than the

melanura

however,

lakes

made

Cs.

the

of

Township,

August 24

breeding

Toms River

of the

the

positive pools were recovered from that date through

widespread

located to the

was

drainage

Most

more

detected in area revealed

had indicated. Sizeable

were

collections

189

most

pockets

breeding

that

EEE virus was again at near epizootic levels during

habitat.

the 1984 season.

During the course of the survey, Cs. melanura were found

14

at

separate

locations in the Jackson

area.

In

CONCLUSIONS

most instances, the habitat consisted of a narrow band of cedar

swamp

of a man- made

that surrounded the

lake. While

very back portions in one area,

Data from the 1983 surveillance of equine deaths

not extensive

in Jackson Township, together with the follow-up

the numerous foci provided

local breeding habitat Township. In all but two and Cq. perturbans melanura larvae the same lake- bog system.

survey

throughout most of the

instances, Cs. were

found in

Adult

light

Jackson

Populations

traps.

CDC

1983,

averaged

During

trap

EEE

and

Virus

When the

traps

greater

series

of

results suggested that the species was abnormally

1984.

During

epizootic was

in

100

the

low

Cq.

the state over the same two year period confirm that

in 1983, Cq. perturbans

the entire

by

the

dry

occurring in locations

same

specimens

during 1984. Light trap records from other parts of

in

per

populations were at their

highest levels since 1975 ( New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station year,

EEE

unpublished

claimed

35

horses

data).

Finley

During that 1976)

and

emergency surveillance efforts were instituted to

the peak population period of 1984, the traps

monitor the virus on a regular basis ( Crans et al.

only

The 84

eight specimens per night.

in 1984

were

melanura

collected

virus

was

detected

from the Jackson

in

site.

obtained.

Surveillance for the habitats utilized by Cq. perturbans

the

Cs.

TABLE 2

numbers of specimens that were tested and

F.F.F. isolations

1976).

tested for EEE virus

separate pools and none tested positive.

However, FEE

the

extremely

placed

then

that

were

specimens were collected

specimens collected

lists the

a

night.

averaged

in 13

indicated

collections

Township during

ice baited

that

high during the 1983 season and abnormally low

populations

only 84

season,

suggest

population data are available to determine comparative

in 1984 CDC

1984,

numbers of Cq. perturbans in that area, trapping

Mosquito

perturbans

in

epidemiological events may have accounted for the equine cases of EEE seen in that area. Although no

F.F.F. virus was first

and

epidemiological

Cs.

melanura

setting.

revealed

the two

vector species

involved.

New Jersey during 1984. No.

Period Entire Season

Enzootic Period* Period from date

of

unique

of man-made lakes that were originally created for cranberry culture had resulted in breeding habitat for Culiseta melanura

TABLE 2. Virus Isolations from Cs. melanura collected from Jackson Township, Collection

a

Plant succession in a series

No.

F.RE

Tested

Pools

Positive

1435

79

7

4. 88

906

46

7

7.73

first isolation ( August 24)

to end of season.

MFIR

190

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR. ECOL.

were present

along the

lakes,

and

band

narrow

formed

of cedar that

that had been dammed to create the were present on the vegeta-

Cq. perturbans

had

tion that

in the

streams

grown

result was adjacent

up along the lake margins. The habitat for the enzootic and epi-

Crans, W. J., J. D. Downing, and A. A. DiEdwardo. 1976. The emergency surveillance program in New Jersey for potential mosquito vectors of encephalitis

viral

Proc. N. J. Mosq.

in 1975.

Contr. Assoc. 63: 82-93.

zootic vectors of FFF.in areas where large numbers of horses

were

being

of

habitat

Township

in very

Since this type

raised.

throughout Jackson

was widespread

localized foci, virtually every horse farm in the area was in contact with the two major vector species. The MFIR for EEE in

1984

suggest

virus

the

that

high

represents a

probably

detected in 1983

and again

epidemiological

setting both

risk area whenever

Cram, W. J.

and

T. L. Schulze.

Coquillettida

incriminating

1986.

perturbans

Evidence Diptera:

(

Culicidae) as an epizootic vector of Eastern Equine Encephalitis.

I. Isolation of EEE virus

from Cq. perturbans during an epizootic among horses in New Jersey. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 11( 1):

178- 184.

vector species are present in high numbers. Since no human of risk

in

cases were reported

to

humans

cannot

either year,

be accurately

the

question

Hagmann, L. E. studies

assessed.

Mansonia perturbans recent

1952.

in New

Jersey.

Proc. N. J. Mosq.

Exterm. Assoc. 39: 60- 66. Acknowledgements

The Control

Ocean

thank the

authors

Commission for portions

ecological

their

of this

County Mosquito during the

support

Mr. Tom

investigation.

Candeletti and his staff were the first to identify Swamp Loosestrife as a major host plant for Cq. Candeletti

Romanowski

Michael

perturbans.

spent countless

and

hours in the field

Richard with

the

Finley, J. E. Jersey in

Arbovirus activity in New Proc. N. J. Mosq. Contr.

1976.

1975.

Assoc. 63: 9- 13. Joseph,

S.

1984.

R.

copter

time to

survey

maps.

locate

wetlands

also

that

provided

did

Appreciation is also

heli-

not appear on

extended

to Dr.

melanura

in

25- 32.

authors selecting sampling sites. The Ocean County Mosquito Control Commission

Culiseta

Maryland. Proc. N. J. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 71:

McNelly, J. southern

Culiseta

in

R.

1984.

New

Jersey. Proc. N. J. Mosq. Contr.

melanura

Assoc. 71: 33.

James Westman, Professor Emeritus, Rutgers Univerin sity. Dr. Westman, an aquatic biologist, assisted the initial survey of Jackson Township and conceived the idea of using a bilge pump to sample a mosquito species

that attaches to

the root

system

of aquatic

W. J. Cram, and W. E. Parkin.

1984. Multi-agency response to Eastern Equine Encephalitis

in

Jackson

Township,

Ocean

County, New Jersey. Proc. N. J. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 71: 87-93.

plants.

REFERENCES CTlED Benzon, G. L. melanura

Proc.

Schulze, T. L.,

N. J.

1984. (

Larval habitat

Walker, E. D. of

Culiseta

Coquillett) in Eastern Massachusetts.

Mosq.

Contr. Assoc. 71: 23- 24.

and

W. J. Cram.

1986.

A simple

method for sampling Coquillettidia perturbans

larvae. J. Am. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 2(2): 239240.

BULL SOC. VECTOR ECOL., 11( 1):

191- 193.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

IMPACT OF TWO UNICELLULAR ALGAE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY( DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) Lal S. Mianl and Mir S. Mullal

ABSTRACT:

bijugatus)

Studies

out on the

carried

effect

of two

algae (

Kirchneriella irregularis

and Scenedesmus

on the development of 1st-instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say through adult emergence

showed that the development of mosquito larvae exposed to 1, 5, and 25 percent culture of both microphytes in the presence of larval food was not significantly affected. None of the larvae in both control and algal treatments

in the absence of larval food developed into pupae. The survival of larvae, however, was directly related to algal concentrations, thus, suggesting that both algae were utilized as an inadequate source of food by the starving larvae.

27± 1° C).

INTRODUCTION A

substantial

amount

of evidence

mosquito

Examples

species.

the

supports

observations that various algae are toxic to of algae

different that

species

have demonstrated larvicidal activity against several species of Aedes, Anopheles, Culex spp., etc.

include Chara

spp. ( Caballero 1919, Frederici 1927, Castillo 1944), Cladophora spp. ( Hamlyn-Harris 1928, Amonkar 1969), Spirogyra sp. ( Boyd and Foote 1928,

1956), Schizothris sp., Hapalosiphon

Chlorella

1974),

hieroglyphicum 1981).

1932), Anabaena spp. ( Gerhardt sp. ( Amonkar 1969), Microcystis

Bradley

sp. ( Ilyaletdinova ellipsoidea

and

( Dhillon 1980, Dhillon Marten ( 1984)

Recently,

Kirchneriella - like

phytoplankton

Dubitskii

Rhizoclonium

and

and

Mulla that

reported effective

was

in

In each treatment 20 1- day-old 1st- instar

larvae of the test mosquito were added to 200 ml of diluted algal culture of deionized water in a 300 ml Pyrex® glass bowl. In two concurrent tests, one set received 10 mg of larval food( chicken mash:Brewers

yeast, 3: 1) daily and the other set was maintained food.

Controls in these tests included mosquito larvae in deionized water with and without larval food. All treatments and controls were repliwithout the

cated four times. Daily observations on larval and pupal

mortality

were

continued

through

adult

emergence or until termination of the test, maximum

70 days. The above sets of experiments were also repeated later at a different time. Data generated on

these tests were statistically analyzed and comparison

of means was done accordingly, using Duncan's multiple range test( DMRT).

suppressing larval populations of Aedes albopictus. Pure and

and

diluted( 50%)

Anopheles

Marten 1984,

unpublished

data

latter two

algae on

Culex

of

Anopheles

albimanus

in the

laboratory

quadrimaculatus

laboratory

on the

data). This

impact

of

dilute

the growth and

quinquefasciatus

Say

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

were also found to be

lethal to the 1st- instar larvae and

both K. irregularis

cultures of

Scenedesmus bijugatus

The results of tests on the survival of Cx. in different algal cultures are

quinquefasciatus

paper persents

presented

cultures of the

survivorship of this mosquito in cultures of K. irregularis showed that the mean survival based on

development

of

larvae.

net

adult

in TABLES

emergence

1

was

and

2.

Studies on the

higher ( 91%)

in controls

than in different algal treatments ( 76- 88°, TABLE 1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Pure cultures of Kirchneriella irregularis and Scenedesmus bijugatus tested were at concen1, 5, and 25 percent of pure culture in rations, deionized Culex

water

for their impact

quinquefasciatus

through

adult

iDepartment

eclosion

of

Say under

on the

survival of

from the larval

laboratory

Entomology, University

of

stage

conditions

The variability between treatments of test I and II seems to be due to day-to-day variations since both tests were carried out at different times with mosquito

larvae from different batches. In the absence of larval food, larval development was delayed in either test; the larvae in test I were unable to pupate even in 70 days. Where, in the no- food control, larval food was

the limiting factor affecting larval growth and develop-

California, Riverside, CA 92521- 0314 USA.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

192

TABLE 1. Survival of Culex quinquefasciatus in the presence of Kirchneriella irregularis.a Percent survival with and without food at posttreatment intervals( days) in Test I and II Algal Culture%

5 25 Control

83ab 80a

76a

91b

II

I

II

I

88a

d

96a

16a

85a

I

II

76a

25

35

55

70

I

I

I

I

II

-

61a

13a

5b

3a

0

38a

13a

8a

3

95a

54b

81a

-

78a

-

91a

49b

69a

-

56a

48a

15a

4a

1

-

Ob

14a

Ob

Ob

1l

9b

3a

3

-

88a

19

17

12

17 I

1

No food°

foodb

Larval

91a

-

aMean of four replications with 20 1st-instar larvae per replication. Means followed by same letter(s) in

a column are not

significantly different from

one another(

DMRT, p= 0.05).

bFigures show percent adult emergence. All figures represent larvae which did not pupate.

dData were not recorded.

TABLE 2. Survival of Culex quinquefasciatus in the presence of the alga Scenedesmus bijugatus.a Percent survival with and without

food at posttreatment interval( days)

Algae

No Food°

Foodb

Culture(%)

19

17

17 TEST I

TEST II

TEST ll

1

83a

80a

11a

8

5

91

a

84

a

25 b

16

25

96

a

88

a

35 b

33

92

a

85

a

0

Control

a

0

aMeans of 4 replications with 20 larvae per treatment.

Means followed by same letter in a column are not significantly different from each other( DMRT, P : 105).

bFigures in these columns) show adult emergence. cAll figures

represent

larvae

which

did

not reach pupation.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

the

ment,

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

survival

cantly higher

of mosquito larvae was signifilasted longer in algal treatments This indicates that the algae act as a

and

than in controls.

food for the

source of

food

this

source

may

larvae. However,

developing

not

be

sufficient to afford corn-

193

Boyd, M. F.

and

bionomics

H. Foote.

of

1928.

American

Studies on the The

anophelines.

alimentation of anopheline larvae and its relation

to their distribution in nature. J. Prevent. Med. 2: 219-242.

plete larval development through adult emergence. Tests on the survival of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae on cultures of S. bijugatus yielded data almost similar to those obtained with K.

irregularis.

Bradley, G. H. 1932. Some factors associated with the breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes. J. Agric. Res. 4: 381- 399.

In both test I and II when larval food was provided, the mean survival of mosquito larvae through adult eclosion

was

not

significantly

treatments as compared

by

reduced

algal

the control( TABLE 2).

with

hi the absence of larval food, the surviving larvae being

however, lived longer in the

unable to pupate,

in the

algal cultures than

This

control.

also suggests

Caballero, A.

1919. La Chara foetida A. Br. y las

larvas de Stegomyia, Culex

y Anopheles.

Bol.

Sol. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 449- 455. Castilla, R. L.

1944.

The possible role of Chara

fragilis in mosquito control. Science 100: 266.

that the algae were the only source of nourishment inadequate for

yet

larvae

the

to

complete

their

development. Under ample

present

food

of

irregularis

nature, there

is

an

and suspended organic solids

in larval habitats.

The

both K.

presence of

and S. bijugatus at 1, 5, and 25 percent

dilutions in habitat larval

in

eutrophic conditions

quantity

mosquito

water

not

may

significantly

In

populations.

an

reduce

earlier

study,

Marten ( 1984) reported that an abundant growth of Kirchneriella spp. ( or Chlorella) in outdoor gallon

water jars was responsible for the suppression of larval development

of

Ae. albopictus.

Later, Marten

1984, unpublished data) found that pure

50%)

cultures

bijugatus

of

were

An.

albimanus and

both

K.

lethal to

and

diluted

irregularis

and

lst-instar larvae

of

In these experiments, however, the very small 5 larvae/ cup) and lack of replications

tory.

sample size (

make

his

presence algae

in

such

actual

high test concentrations

field

is

situations

of

both to

subject

speculation.

Entomology,

of

Kirchneriella irregularis

Scenedesmus bijugatus

were

G. Marten,

Hawaii.

University

of

kindly

provided

and

by

Dr.

Dhillon, M. S.

1969.

Freshwater

of

Calif.,

and

M. S. Mulla.

1981.

Biological

activity of the green alga Chlorella ellipsoidea

against immature stages of mosquitoes. J. Am. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 41: 368- 372. Frederici, E.

1927. L'azione tossica delle Charae sulle larva dei Culicid' e. Redia 16: 17- 28.

Gerhardt,

R.

W.

1956.

Present knowledge concerning the relationship of blue- green algae

and mosquitoes in California rice fields. Proc.

Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 24: 47- 50.

Hamlyn-Harris, R. 1928. The relationship of certain species of algae to breeding places of mosquitoes

llyaletdinova, S. G.

Bull. Entomol. Res. 18: 377-

and

A. M. Dubitskii.

1974.

Toxicity of Hapalosiphon fontinalis, Anabaena variabilis

and

Microcystis

aeroginosa

with

respect to larvae of blood-sucking culicide. IZV.

REFERENCES CITED Amonkar, S. V.

Univ.

Riverside, Calif., 120 pp.

389.

Acknowledgements The

Dept.

in Queensland.

pure cultures of

Biological activity of natural

Moreover, the

observations questionable. of

1980.

products of algae and a hydrophyte against mosquitoes. Unpubl. Ph.D. Disser- tation,

S. An.

in the labora-

quadrimaculatus

Dhillon, M. S.

Akad. Nank. Kaz. SSR. Ser. Biol. algae and their

12: 29- 35.

In Russian).

metabolites as a means of biological control of mosquitoes.

Unpubl.

Ph.D. Dissert.,

Entomology,

Univ.

Calif., Riverside, Calif.,

102 pp.

of

Dept.

of

Marten, G.

1984. The impact of planktonic flora and fauna upon Aedes albopictus larvae. Bull.

Soc. Vector Ecol. 9: 1- 5.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

194- 196

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL., 11( 1):

SURVIVAL AND OVIPOSITIONAL RESPONSE OF

CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY( DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) TO SEWAGE EFFLUENT Lal S. Mianl and Mir S. Mullal

Studies on the development and survival of immature stages of Culex quinquefasciatus Say in

ABSTRACT:

secondary sewage effluent ( SSE) under laboratory conditions showed that the development of larvaeLarval was larval food. in SSE significantly lower in SSE than

under

or

control

conditions

provided

with

development in SSE with or without larval food was also delayed, indicating that besides certain nutritional

factors lacking in SSE, there was some other factor(s), the lack or presence of which was detrimental to larval

In addition, SSE was highly attractive to ovipositing female mosquitoes under laboratory

development. conditions.

INTRODUCTION

depending

on the age of the

conducted

in 300

ml

SSE

of

or

ml

larvae.

The tests were

Pyrex® glass bowls with 200

deionized

water.

Each bowl was

sewage

stocked with 20 1- day-old 1st-instar larvae of Cx.

SSE) at the Riverside Wastewater Treatment Plant were observed to support the development of large populations of Chironomus decorus Johansen,

quinquefasciatus. Each treatment was replicated four

floating

Observations on the development of larvae in each

These basins were 10 egg- rafts was never recorded. feet deep and the SSE level ranged between 5 and 8 on the daily sewage inflow into feet

treatment and control were made daily and larval food where necessary was added. The data thus obtained

basins

Equalization

holding secondary

effluent(

but

larvae,

of mosquito

evidence

or

pupae,

times. The bowls were kept in a room where the

The basins

system.

SSE from these habitats the

mosquito,

tory

Culex

the

of

apparent

for its

was tested

quinquefasciatus

maintained

at

26±

1° C.

was evaluated using the Duncan's multiple range test

floating (

DMRT).

the

In the oviposition test, two 112 ml wax paper

effect on

cups, one containing 100 ml of deionized water and

in the basins,

ovipositional

and

survival

have any

not

breeding

of mosquito

absence

did

Because

vegetation.

or

material

also

was

were analyzed statistically and comparison of means

deep, depending

the

temperature

ambient

the

response

of

Say

labora-

under

the other having 100 ml of a 2- day-old SSE with bottom x

conditions.

22. 9

mud( x

10%),

22. 9

were placed in a screen cage( 30.5

cm).

The cups alternated in position

in the cage. Then, 20 1- week- old gravid females of

Cx. quinquefasciatus were released into the cage. The

MATERIALS AND METHODS

test was replicated six times at a room temperature of Studies mosquito

to

out

carried

were

larvae in SSE

ovipositing

of

survival

the attractancy of SSE

and on

mosquitoes

the

on

in the

after 13 hours of scotophase.

To

laboratory. out

carried

24-27° C. Observations on oviposition were recorded

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

at

study survivorship, two tests were The first test, conducted from different times. October through November, 1984, consisted of

The results of survivorship studies showed that

SSE

mean survival of larvae through adult emergence in

The

SSE

exposure with

and

second

of mosquito without

larval food,

test ( Nov.

provided containers

10

food, SSE

with

basin,

control

and

larvae in

1984 of

SSE

percent with

containers

and

Jan.

of

controls.

1985),

however,

and

mud

without

to

1Department

larvae

of

at

10- 15

mg

Entomology, University

of

was not significantly 93%, TABLE 1).

control (

Nevertheless, mosquito survival in SSE alone ( 23%

larvae) was significantly lower from survivorship data in control. The 4th-instar larvae surviving in SSE

larval food.

per

of

larval

Larval food ( Lab. Chow: Brewers Yeast, 3: 1) provided

larval food ( 84%)

from the

with and without

bottom

with

different from that

was

container,

without food were weak, sluggish, or moribund at the end of the test period.

These data indicate that the

California, Riverside, CA 92521- 0314 USA.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

195

TABLE 1. Survival of Culex quinquefasciatus in secondary sewage effluent( SSE). a Mean%

SSE

survival by stage in

SSE

with

food

Control with food

Interval

Total

Ab

Days)

L

0

100

0

0

100

0

0

100

0

0

6

95

0

0

98

0

0

100

0

0

8

90

0

0

98

0

0

90

10

0

10

90

0

0

20

78

0

10

80

10

P

L

P

A

L

P

A

14

85

0

0

0

20

78

0

10

90

20

60

0

0

0

0

84

0

0

93

24

38

0

0

0

0

84

0

0

93

29

23

0

0

0

0

84

0

0

93

23a

0

0

0

0

84b

0

0

93b

Yieldc

Mean of 4 replications with 20 larvae per treatment.

bL=

larvae, P=

pupae, and

A=

adults.

Means followed by the same letter in the last row are not significantly different from one another(

DMRT, P= 0.05).

TABLE 2. Survival of Culex quinquefasciatus in secondary sewage effluent( SSE). a Mean% SSE

SSE

Interval

w/ bottom

mud(

Days)

L

P

A

L

SSE

10%)

P

survival by stage in w/food

Control

A

L

P

Dist. Water

w/food)

no mud)

A

L

no food)

P

A

L

P

A

0

100

0

0

100

0

0

100

0

0

100

0

0

100

0

0

10

8

0

0

65

0

0

59

0

0

69

24

0

23

0

0

20

14

0

0

45

4

0

0

0

0

0

0

93

15

0

0

30

0 0

0 0

22

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

93

9

0

0

38

6 6

12

1

6

0

0

0

0

0

93

9

0

0

42

3

0

0

12

1

6

0

0

0

0

0

93

9

0

0

Total Yield( L,P, A)°

3a

19c

56d

93e

aMean of 4 replicates with 20 larvae per replicate.

bL= larvae, P= pupae, and A= adults. Means followed by different letters in the total yield row are significantly different from one another(

DMRT, P=

0. 05).

9b

196

suppressant effect of

be due to the

could

be

SSE

food, this

delayed

by

explained

The

data

food,

lower adult

could

be

date.

day- to- day

biochemical

the physicochemical or

SSE

SSE in both tests

since the

The data in TABLE 2

information of which

on

did

mud, the net

mud, the presence

larvae that

with

bottom

12% larvae, 1%

significantly lower

marginal

vegetation

in

Cucamonga

SSE aquaculture ponds with a dense cover of water

Comm.) and in San Diego ( B. A. Wilson 1983, Pers. Comm.).

Data from the oviposition test showed that SSE was

highly

mosquitoes.

to female attractive ovipositing The mean ovipositional response to

SSE was 17. 3 egg rafts/ cup as compared with zero egg

rafts

in

control.

Whether this substance or its

odor emanating from

attractive to laboratory environment can work with the same efficiency out in ovipositing

mosquitoes

SSE being in

enclosed

the field, is subject to further investigations.

In our observations on the absence of egg rafts

with

in three equalization basins, it might be possible that

pupation and adult emergence as

the physical features of the basins were not conducive

data in SSE

adults) and control(

from

percent (

adults) was

in

the same

also yielded additional

bottom

10

of

constituents

However, in SSE

adults.

delay

compared with

that apart

with

yield of

6%

considerable

SSE

larval

fluctuations in

was not of

with

Sjogren and Mulla 1968, Mulla et al. 1970) and in

larvae in

with

provide nourishment to some

developed into

pupae, and

to those of test 1

in SSE

(

hyacinth in Roseville ( K. R. Townzen, 1983, Pers.

survival of

emergence

attributed to

and adult

control.

conducted a month

almost similar

However, the lower

TABLE 1). and

test( TABLE 2)

second

yielded

phenomenon

pupation

data in

emergence as compared with

later

lagoon

lack

larval

with

several other species, was reported in raw sewage

larval development may of certain factor( s).

on

presence or

Even in SSE

SSE

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

93%

with

adults).

larval food ( 56%

to oviposition by female mosquitoes.

These data suggest

certain nutritional elements

lacking

in

REFERENCES CITED

SSE, there could have been other environmental physicochemical

vegetation,

of mosquito

factor( s),

the lack of

breeding

such

in SSE

marginal

as

which resulted

in the

equalization

absence

basins.

Usually the presence of vegetation in raw sewage or even SSE can offer ideal breeding habitats for mosquitoes capable of breeding in polluted waters. In different parts of California, for example, the breeding of various species, quinquefasciatus,

such as

Culex

Culex tarsalis

peus

Speiser, Cx.

Coquillett,

and

Mulla, M. A., H. A. Darwazeh, and D. R. Peters. 1970.

Mosquito control in sewage oxidation

ponds with

drip

and pour- in

larvicides.

Mosq.

News 30: 457- 460. Sjogren, R. D. application

and of

M. S.

Mulla.

three

1968.

Drip

organophosphorus

insecticides for mosquito control. Mosq. News 28: 172- 177.

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL., 11( 1):

197- 198.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

FIELD TESTS IN WESTERN MONTANA OF

MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION OF TULAREMIA BY BITING FLIES DIPTERA) BETWEEN IMMOBILIZED LABORATORY ANIMALS C. B. Philipl and W. L. Jellison2

Tularemia is nature

bacteriologic

to

disease in

enzootic "

man"

by

caused

Francisella tularensis

agent,

hemisphere

northern

This

interesting,

an

communicable

As potential vectors, species of the above three families of biting Diptera were tested in the field as

the

in

the

seasonal and flying conditions made the flies

the New and Old Worlds.

of

available.

memorializes one of the

early investigators of biting fly involvement, Dr. Edward S. Francis. G. W. McCoy, with C. W. Chapin, named the agent of a " plague- like

disease

of

rodents"

he

that

healthy test guinea pigs were transported in protected cages to the test sites for exposure on immobilization

had

spread-boards. The primary objective was to check

discovered a year earlier in Tulare County, California. There is not the time, nor is this the place, to review the versatile methods

naturally

deer

reported was as" attributed

Francis

to

and

by but

propagates,

fly

bites

the

transfer

agent

by Jellison(

1974).

Other

Each fly in such test bitings was then also confined in a clean tube for storage at lowered

species

Tabanidae were reported by him to be naturally infected. It became obvious to investigators that interrupted)

by biting flies bitings

adaptation to the

fly

rather

biting

temperature of 16° C to reduce activity until further delayed test feedings were attempted on return to the

mechanical

biological

laboratory, the period determined by the survival vigor of the flies during storage. They were warmed

Montana,

further feedings on new healthy guinea pigs.

vectors.

In the Bitter Root certain

by by

was

than

to room temperature to attempt stimulation of delayed

Valley

species of

of western

Tabanidae ( horse and deer and Ceratopogonidae

Injection"

flies), Simuliidae ( blackflies),

in the field

midges) were tested

by

the authors to

simulate under more natural conditions rather than artificial,

multi-

laboratory ways the

among

haematophagus

cages.

disease

This is

agent

is

one

considered to

species that were

locally

While

strains of

laboratory

restrictive

flies were also collected in saline diluent in tuberculin syringes and applied with the needles removed to the abraded skins of fresh animals.

be

propagated

available

hosts

F. tularensis have been

of

low

and

was

shown

by

those

to

be

characteristic

tularemic

pathology

observed

at

necropsy as described by Davis et al. above and Philip and

virulence

reported

authors

Typical infections" in test animals refers to

of

for test.

in Montana Davis et al. 1934), the " B. C. Strain" used in the present tests was from an isolate in British Columbia animals

Davis et al. 1934) of nearly or freshly dead, stored

hypothesized

MATERIALS AND METHODS

for

(

single flies. Fresh fecal droplets for test from stored

Diptera of the

of flies refers to intraperitoneal

inoculum prepared by trituration in standard saline

in

rabbits and other susceptible native

biting fly

on

to be used should an uncontrollable fly swarm occur.

of

transmission

presumably

captured, and precautionary cover at hand did not have

by subsequently by

and

organisms,

that became available during a given test. Every fly

Utah first

northern

tularemia

visitor that attacked the donor animal fortunately was

Chrysops discalis

of

of

contaiminated mouth parts of the different fly species

the earliest ways

of

fever" in

Mayne ( 1921),

others as reviewed

disease

this

which

one

Locations of suitably abundant pop-

ulations were predetermined and donor( infected) and

of

virulence.

high

Williams ( 1985).

In tests deemed crucial,

infection was further confirmed by culture of blood from moribund animals, and by spleen vaccination of a second passage guinea pig ( Philip et al. 1932). Moribund donors were always necropsied after return to the laboratory to confirm their tularemic in-

fections. Tests which resulted " negatively" indicated no signs of disease in a given test animal in which

1Paper presented at the Pacific Division Meetings, American Association for Advancement of Science at the University of Montana, Missoula, 11 June, 1985.

2California Academy of Sciences, Department of Entomology, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, 94118. 3Rocky

Mountain

Laboratory(

retired),

Hamilton, Montana, 59840.

SEPTEMBER, 1986

BULL. SOC. VECTOR ECOL.

198 case

the

blood

animal' s

serologically for

was checked

DISCUSSION

anti- tularensis agglutinins ( Philip et al. 1932) before As is well-known, maximum bacteremia occurs in tularemia infected animals during the terminal stages of the disease. Hence, donor guinea pigs taken

was considered" negative."

the test

RESULTS blood

interrupted

Undelayed

between

meals

guinea pigs resulted

in

into the field for interrupted fly bitings in these tests

transfer of

healthy F. tularensis by Hybomitra rupestris in 3 of 4 in the and by H. osburni attempts; by H. frontalis noctifer pertinax Chrysops only test made of each; by in 1 of 7; and by Simulium decorum katmai in 3 of infected

14

and

were

10

15

of

delay

while

1

2

24 hours in tests

of

of

minutes

The data here presented suggest that other

and

7

of

2 delays

C.

of

24 hours, 7

of

plus

48 hours

of

2

and

in the aggravation of eipzootics among susceptible

96

of

domestic and native animals, or in occasional human

negative

infection as well.

involved bitings of 2 flies;

pertinax

injected 10

13 days later into

and

separate

REFERENCES CITED

animals, each of which became infected. One of the concerned a fly negative 24- hour tests of S. d. katmai to harbor F. tularensis proved which was by One

injection 4 days later.

injected into a test

when

Davis, G. E., C. B.

Philip,

and

R. R. Parker.

1934.

The isolation from the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) of strains of Bact.

of the ceratopogonids was

for 9 days

to have retained the organisms

also shown

previously incrimi-

Chrysops discalis,

to the natural incidence of tularemia. The widespread occurrence of this disease in the northern hemisphere emphasizes the potential involvement of biting flies

ceratopo-

S. d. katmai. The 11- hour

of

n.

these were

H. frontalis,

to

nated by Francis and Mayne ( 1921), may contribute

and

hours in tests test

addition

followed positively. Negative results 11 hours in tests of C. n. pertinax

gonids, resulted

delays:

with

rupestris

undetermined

of

Their characteristic

tests.

30 hours

of

and

minutes

condition.

species of biting flies, particularly of tabanidae, in

H.

refeedings with stored

Two delayed

moribund

confirmed the validity of the respective transmission

others.

involved intervals

in

lesions, checked at later necropsy in the laboratory,

tularense

of low virulence for guinea pigs and

domestic rabbits. Am. J. Hyg. 19: 449- 456.

animal.

Injection of suspensions of single H. rupestris into

1 to 4 days

guinea pigs, each

blood

also

meals

instances.

Similar tests

days,

resulted

also

of

after

their

initial

in 4

infection

produced

of

5

the H. frontalis, stored 11

9- day H.

of

positively;

osburni

resulted positively in 1 of 2 attempts; and of 3- to 44day

C.

stored

Results

attempts.

were positive

n. pertinax

injections

of separate

in 16 to 18

20 S. d.

of

katmai after a few hours to 9 days storage were 5

positive

The

times and negative species of

to

amenable

deleterious

flies

cage of

effect

under experiment were not

and

ingested F.

tularensis on their

infected C.

proven

longevity

could not

ticks, unpublished)

However, 3

possible

the

conditions

to reduced

survival( comparable

some

15 times.

be

observed

in

ascertained.

lived

n. pertinax

as

long as 28, 33, and 44 days in chilled tubes. Feces lets in

of

3 C.

storage tubes

original

blood

suspensions

separate

2, 4, 25,

and

produced

meals

were

collected as

n. pertinax

rubbed

on

the

Eleven

test guinea pigs.

fresh

26 days

infection abraded

drop-

after

the

when

skins

other similar

of

fecal

tests at 2 to 18 days were negative. In 3 fresh fecal

tests

days, from H. frontalis stored 7 days, osburni and

the

other

from H.

stored

the

2 positively.

rupestris

stored

4

11 days, and from H.

first

resulted

negatively

Francis, E.

and

B. Mayne.

1921.

Experimental

transmission of tularemia by flies of the species Chrysops discalis.

Publ. Hlth. Rpts. 36: 1738-

1746. Jellison, W. L.

1974.

Tularemia in North America

1930- 1974. Univ. Montana, Missoula, 276 pp. McCoy,

G. W.

and

C. W. Chapin.

1912. Bacterium

tularense

the cause of a plague- like disease of U. S. Public Health Service, Publ. rodents. Hlth• Bull. 53: 17- 23. 1932.

Philip, C. B., G. E. Davis, and R. R. Parker. Experimental transmission of tularemia

by

mosquitoes. Publ. Hlth. Rpts. 47: 2077- 2088.

Philip, C. B. and W. L. Jellison. 1985. Tests in the field

in

western

Montana

of

mechanical

transmission of tularemia by biting flies between immobilized laboratory animals. Proc. Pac. Div. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 4: 38.

Philip, C. B. and S. C. Williams. 1985. Tularemia and other problems in livestock induced by wood ticks in Montana. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 10( 1): 45- 47.

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