SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY SUDARSONO 16 SEPTEMBER 2011
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Tujuan
Membentuk Systems Systems thinker
Menguasai Systems Systems methodology
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Peserta PimTi Sebagai Systems Thinker? Peserta PimTi Sebagai Systems Thinker?
Peter Checkland
Kim Dae Jung
Wali/Wawali Solo
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TIDAK MUDAH MEMBENTUK SYSTEMS THINKER
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Penguatan Sinergi Pemerintah-Masyarakat-Dunia Usaha Dalam Rangka Akselerasi Pencapaian Pembangunan Berkeadilan Qualitative Research 1. Phenomenological 1 Phenomenological 2. Inductive 3. Holistic 4. Subjective/insider centered j / 5. Process Oriented 6. Anthropological worldview 7. Relative lack of control 8. Goal: understand actor’s view 9. Dynamic Reality 10. Discovery oriented
Quantitative Research 1. Positivist 1 Positivist 2. Hypothetical/deductive 3. Particularistic 4. Objective/outsider oriented j / 5. Outcome oriented 6. Natural science world view 7. Attempt to control variables 8. Goal: find fact and causes 9. Static reality assumed 10. Verification oriented
SWOT or BLACK BOX analysis?
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Penguatan Sinergi Pemerintah-MasyarakatPemerintah Masyarakat Dunia Usaha Dalam Rangka Akselerasi Pencapaian Pembangunan Berkeadilan
Seeing the company as a System Seeing the issue as a system Seeing the issue as a system
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AKSELERASI PENCAPAIAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKEADILAN
PEMERINTAH
MASYARAKAT
DUNIA USAHA
Seeing the issue as a system?
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Paradigms
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The Complexity Turn
1 The social and cultural sciences have experienced a whole 1. array of incursions over the past fiew decades. 2. This turn derives from development within physics,, biology,, mathematics, ecology, chemistry and economics, from revival of neo-vitalism in social though, and from the emergence of a more general ‘complex structure of feeling’ that challenges some everyday notions of social order. 3 An array of transformations took place, 3. place loosely known as chaos, complexity, non-linierity and dynamical systems analysis. y 4. A shift from reductionist analysis to those that involve the study of complex adaptive (‘vital’) matter. (John Urry, 2005; Global Complexity, 2003, Automobilities, 2005)
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Dynamic complexity Di mana hubungan antara sebab dengan akibatnya y bersifat halus tidak kentara (subtle). Di mana pengaruh intervensi dalam kurun waktu k tertentu tidak id k begitu b i nampak k (obvious) b i ) Di mana tindakan yang sama memiliki efek jangka panjang yang sangat berbeda dengan efek jangka pendeknya. D Di mana suatu ttindakan ndakan mem memiliki l k sejumlah pengaruh pada suatu bagian yang sangat berbeda dengan pengaruhnya pada bagian lain dalam sistem yang sama. (Senge, 1990)
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Qualitative
Quantitative
Systems Thinking Approach
Phenomenological
Positivist
Interpretivism, and Realism
Inductive
Hypothetical/deductive
Seeing interrelationship rather than things (holonic), systemic.
Holistic
Particularistic
A discipline for seeing wholes
Subjective/insider centered
Objective/outsider oriented
Duality of structure, integrative-perspective, both objectivist and subjectivist
Process Oriented
Outcome oriented
1. 2.
A scientific approach to problem-solving Action research
Anthropological worldview
Natural Science world view 1. 2.
Take the world to be holonic Creates the process of enquiry as a holon
Relative lack of control
Attempt to control variables 1. Structuration 2. Wholism
Goal: understand actor’s view
Goal: find fact and causes
1. 2.
Dynamic Reality
Static reality assumed
Dynamic complexity
Discovery oriented
Verification orieted
11. An approach to understanding the behaviour of complex systems over time. time 2. A. reasonably comprehensive understanding of the interrelationships of the various aspects of the problem situation
Optimum solution Improvement for problematical situation
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Philosophical approach
Purpose
Ontological position (about the form and nature of reality)
Reality exists Multiple perceptions of reality Systems do exist and do have a clear purpose Systems do exist only to the extent that people agree on the goals, the boundaries and and well-defined boundaries their components
EEpistemological i l i l position ii (about the relationship between the researcher and the researched
Observations Ob i are not coloured l d by b subjective bj i aspects of the scientist or his/her instruments
N l observations Neutral b i are iimpossible ibl
How are phenomena experienced?
Biophysical and social phenomena are experienced as constant, regular, reoccurring and predictable
Biophysical and social phenomena are experienced as dynamic, chaotic, changing and unpredictable
Research design
Strong focus on the testing of hypothesis Focus on the use of quantitative methods p g current pproblem Focus on improving
Less focus on the use of hypothesis Focus on the use of qualitative methods Focusingg on how to realize a desired future situation
Purpose
Objective knowledge Generalization Maximizing efficiency
Socially constructed knowledge to increase our understanding for more effective action Particularities or generalizaions for one particular context Innovations
Constructivist
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HARD AND SOFT SYSTEMS THINKING HARD AND SOFT SYSTEMS THINKING
C Jostin Khisty, 1995
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Contoh model dalam Hard Systems: Dynamics Knowing Organization (free method system dynamics)
Attributing Competency
Belief in Tech & Ethics
Enacted Opportunity
Identity Ecological Change
Knowledge Identified
Customer Need Solution
Fri cti on of Identi ty
Identi ty Constructi on
B
+ Customer
Revenue
Innovati on/Customi zed Product
+
Identi ty Constructi on of 3 CoP s
Sal es
Training
Shared Knowledge
Knowledge
+
+ Knew Knowledge from Task Quality of Project E Execution ti
Organizational Knowledge Repository
New Project Project Completion
Staff Knowlege Gap
Staff
Sumber: Wahyudi Atmoko, disertasi program doktor
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AKSELERASI PENCAPAIAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKEADILAN
PEMERINTAH
MASYARAKAT
DUNIA USAHA
SYSTEMS THINKING
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Konsep Serba Sistem: Sebuah adaptive whole Ban+ kerangka+mesin+suku g cadangg lain=
Ban+kerangka+mesin+suku g cadangg lain=
Tidak ada proses komunikasi dan inter relasi
Ada proses komunikasi dan inter relasi
Tidak ada proses kontrol
Ada proses kontrol
Tidak ada layered structure
Ada layered structure
Tidak ada emergent property
Ada emergent property
Tidak ada lingkungan
Ada lingkungan
Bukan sebuah SYSTEM
Sebuah SYSTEM
Bukan adaptive whole
Sebuah adaptive Whole
gundukan suku cadang
mobil
Human Activity System= purpesful activity system= adaptive whole
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Akselerasi Pencapaian Pembangunan Berkeadilan = systems apa?
? Pemerintah
Dunia Usaha
Natural systems
Human Activity Systems
Designed Abstract Systems
Masyarakat Designed Physical Systems
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Social and Cultural Systems
SOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKING SOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKING SSM Problematic Sit ti Situation
SYSTEM DYNAMICS SYSTEM DYNAMICS
• Improving, Changing, Enhancing • Dealing with complexity
• Seeking solutions • Dealing with complexity Problems
• Action Research • Systems thinking based Methodology
• A scientific approach to problem solving • Systems thinking based Systems thinking based Methodology
• Conceptual Model C t lM d l • No validation Modeling and Simulation • No simulation • A Learning system
• Models • With or without model validation Modeling and • With or without simulation simulation • With or without software
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SOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKING SOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKING SSM
SYSTEM DYNAMICS SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Human Activity Systems Human Activity Systems
Designed Abstract Systems Designed Abstract Systems
Seven‐stage model
CLD, SFD, BOT, Archetypes
Two streams of enquiry
With or without simulation
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SOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKING 1. Observer (hard systems methodology) system
th the world: systemic ld t i system
system I spy systems which h h I can engineer 2. Observer (soft systems methodology)
the observer’s perceived real world
the process of i inquiry: systemic i t i
the observer’s perceived real world I spy complexity and confusion; but I can organize exploration of it as a learning systems 3. Others: cognitive mapping, causal mapping, SODA.
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AKSELERASI PENCAPAIAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKEADILAN ? PEMERINTAH
MASYARAKAT
DUNIA USAHA
?
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SOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKING SOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKING SSM
SYSTEM DYNAMICS SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Human Activity Systems Human Activity Systems
Designed Abstract Systems Designed Abstract Systems
Seven‐stage model
CLD, SFD, BOT, Archetypes
Two streams of enquiry
With or without simulation
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Akselerasi Pencapaian Pembangunan Berkeadilan k dl Human Activity Systems y y
Systems of Activities
Social systems
Relationships
Interpersonal
Logical dependencies
Elements
Activities (what) Activities (what)
People doing the activities (how) People doing the activities (how)
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The conventional seven-stage model of SSM
Problem situation considered problematic
Action to improve the problem situation
Problems situation expressed
Changes: systematically desirable, culturally feasible
Comparison of models and real world
Real world Systems thinking about real world
Root definition of relevant purposeful activity systems f l ti it t
Conceptual models of the systems (holons) named in the root named in the root definition
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1.Halaman 1 Halaman 27 s/d 52 Peter Checkland 27 s/d 52 Peter Checkland dan Jim Jim Scholes, 1990 2 Peter Checkland and John Poulter, 2006. 2.Peter Checkland and John Poulter 2006
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The general form of purposeful activity model
Activity 1
Activity 2
3
OPERATIONS 4
6
5 7
Monitor 1‐7
Take control Take control action Define measures of performance
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MONITORING AND CONTROL
Model dari sebuah tindakan yang punya maksud mengecat pagar Appraise the color pp scheme of d property 2
Decide the scope of the task:‐importance 1 ‐ resources
3
OPERATIONS Prepare fence for paint 4
Obtain paint
Obtain brush
6
5
Apply paint to fence 7
Monitor 1‐7
Take control Take control action Define measures of performance
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The conventional seven-stage model of SSM
Problem situation considered problematic
Action to improve the problem situation
Problems situation expressed
Changes: systematically desirable, culturally feasible
Comparison of models and real world
Real world Systems thinking about real world
Root definition of relevant purposeful activity systems f l ti it t
Conceptual models of the systems (holons) named in the root named in the root definition
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The conventional seven-stage model of SSM
Problem situation considered problematic
Action to improve the problem situation
Stream of Cultural Enquiry: Analysis One, Two, Three (Rich Picture)
Changes: systematically desirable, culturally feasible
Comparison of models and real world
Real world Systems thinking about real world Root definition of p p y relevant purposeful activity systems
Conceptual models of the systems (holons) named in the root named in the root definition
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The conventional seven-stage model of SSM
Problem situation considered problematic
Action to improve the problem situation
Problems situation expressed (Rich Picture) expressed (Rich
Changes: systematically desirable, culturally feasible
Comparison of models and real world
Real world Systems thinking about real world Stream of Lagic Based q y Enquiry Root definition
Stream of Logic q y Based Enquiry Conceptual models
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The conventional seven-stage model of SSM
Problem situation considered problematic
Action to improve the problem situation
Problems situation expressed (Rich Picture) expressed (Rich
Changes: systematically desirable, culturally feasible
Comparison of models and real world
Real world Systems thinking about real world Stream of Lagic Based q y Enquiry Root definition
Stream of Logic q y Based Enquiry Conceptual models
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SSM
CULTURAL BASED STREAM OF ANALYSIS OF ANALYSIS
LOGIC BASED STREAM OF THINKING
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CULTURAL STREAM OF THINKING CULTURAL STREAM OF THINKING ANALYSIS ONE
RICH PICTURE ANALYSIS THREE
ANALYSIS TWO
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LOGIC BASED STREAM OF THINKING LOGIC BASED STREAM OF THINKING SELECTING RELEVANT SYSTEM
CONCEPTUAL MODEL
MODELLING
CATWOE
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SSM : Analisis CATWOE
Elements of CATWOE
Description
Customers
Who are the victims or beneficiearies of the transformation
Actors
pp Who make the transformation happen
Transformation
What are the inputs and (transformed) outputss What makes the transformation meaningful in context?
Weltanschaung Owners Environmental Constraint
Who could stop the transformation process Which elements outside the systems are taken as given
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SSM as an Action Research (Surakarta and Depok) 1. To Introduce a new version of social development concept. 2 To identify a set of social development indicators 2. based on the new concept of social development. 3. Basic elements of social intercourse: structural elements cultural elements and social process. elements, process
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KABUR
BERTAHAN DAN KELILING
BERTAHAN
Pendatang baru
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Menolak relokasi
Tanpa relokasi
Mediator
Gerobak bernomor
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Demo PKL Perda 3/2008 1. Pasal 16 ayat 1, larangan membeli barang dagangan PKL di tempat yang tidak berijin 2. Pasal 16 ayat 3b, KTP Solo
11. Ketidakberhasilan di salam satu tempat p relokasi di belakangg kampus UNS 2. Pembangunan sosial di kabupaten sekitar atau daerah lain yang jauh
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MENUJU KEBAHAGIAAN? MENUJU KEBAHAGIAAN?
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AN APPLICATION OF SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY TO CONCEPTUALIZE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FOR THE INFORMAL SECTOR Sudarsono Hardjosoekarto Department of Sociology F Faculty lt off S Social i l and dP Political liti l S Sciences i The University of Indonesia Campus FISIP-UI, Depok 16424 Indonesia Email:
[email protected]
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Abstract This paper proposes a new version of social development concept which is more sociological in the sense that it emphasizes on the improvement of basic elements of social intercourse, namely structural elements, cultural elements, and process elements. Field research was conducted in two cities to identify fy the extent off social development - as indicated by the improvement of basic elements of social intercourse –in the area of street vendor promotion program. Soft Systems Methodology is being applied as a tool to enquire social development process at the area of the informal sector, to select some related programs or activities that could be identified as the most powerful indicators of social development, and to construct a new version of social development index. Keywords: Soft Systems Methodology, social development index, basic elements of social intercourse, informal sector.
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22‐24 November 2011 Venue: Hotel Pullman Dubai Mall of the Emirates KEY NOTE SPEAKER IN SOCIAL SCIENCES Professor John Urry Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, University Lancaster, LA1 4YD.
KEY NOTE SPEAKER IN BUSINESS Professor Peter Checkland Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YD Lancaster, LA1 4YD.
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18 Agustus 2011 Dear Sudarsono Dear Sudarsono Hardjosoekarto This is regarding your paper: Title: AN APPLICATION OF SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY TO CONCEPTUALIZE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR INFORMAL SECTOR Code No.: 310301 Thank you for submitting your revised paper. Congratulations! In communication with the article review team the ERPBSS committee Congratulations! In communication with the article review team, the ERPBSS committee has now decided to fully accept your paper. Thank you Regards, Donya y Saberi Conference Assistant
First International Conference on First International Conference on Emerging Research Paradigms in Business and Social Sciences
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JURNAL RISET JURNA RIS T 1
R Rencana P liti Penelitian
A t 2010 Agustus
2
Riset Lapangan
November 2010
3
Riset Lapangan p g
Maret 2011
4
Abstract
30 Maret 2011
5
Draft Pertama
09 Juni 2011
6
Komentar pertama
08 Juli 2011
7
Draft Kedua
10 Agustus 2011
8
K Komentar t Kedua K d
15 A t 2011 15 Agustus
9
Draft Ketiga
16 Agustus 2011
10
Paper diterima p
18 Agustus g 2011
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SYSTEMS THINKER SYSTEMS THINKER
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+
+
+
lack of democracy +
+
-national
export
competitiveness +
-
+
credibility -
job flexibility in labor marakets
+
industrial restructuring +
restrukturingg of financial institution
+ +
-
+
+
+
money flow
banckrupcy
+
+
pain sharing between Employer and ompleyee
+
+ - unenployment
-
+
foreign investment
+
growth first policy level of economic activity +
speculative l i investment
- national
complain of labor +
+
-
financial crisis -
+
+
foreign currency reserve -
transparancy andd advanced technology +
+
+
+
-
+
surplus in foreign currencies
+
corruption
market p competition +
+
-
government Interruption in financial activity
+
-
import
collusive tie between Politicians and business
loan
BIS ratio
+
-
investment
+
-
interest rate -
+
Peta Kausal Presiden Korea Selatan Kim Dae Jung Peta Kausal Presiden Korea Selatan Kim Dae Jung
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value of currency
“Krisis finansial Korea Selatan disebabkan oleh kegagalan lembaga lembaga‐ lembaga keuangan domestik dan h hancurnya d daya saing i nasional, i l serta t tidak adanya demokrasi”
Presiden Kim Dae Jung
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CAUSAL MAP PRESIDEN KIM :
“Serba Sistem Krisis Korea Dipercaya Ditandai oleh Systems Building Block: BALANCING”.
Kebijakan b k yg ditempuh d h atas krisis k tsb b adalah d l h penyehatan seluruh variabel dari serba sistem krisis korea yg bersifat balancing melalui reformasi politik dan institusi finansial.
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-
Competitiveness of Other countries
+
National competitiveness export
+
+
Cost import
Currencyy values of Other countries
+
+
+ Prosper-thy-neighbour policy
+ +
+
Wealth of nation immigration
Speculative
- investment
-
+
-
-
National credibility
+
+
- -
+
+
+
Opportunity for Speculative investment Capability to defend Against speculative investment
+
Wealth of other +nation
-
Value of currency
-
+
Stock value
-
bankkrupcy
stability Market size
+ Investment +
Interest rate
+
+
opportunity t it
Purchasing power
inflation + Foreign investment
+
-
+
wage
-
Peta Kausal Perdana Menteri Malaysia Dr. Dr Mahatir Muhammad
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“Krisis ekonomi moneter Malaysia disebabkan oleh kegiatan investasi spekulatif orang asing yang menggerogoti kekayaan negara”
PM. Mahathir Muhammad
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CAUSAL MAP DR MAHATHIR MUHAMMAD :
“Serba sistem krisis Malaysia dipercaya ditandai oleh systems building block Negative Reinforcing Loops (lingkaran setan)”. Kebijakan pemulihan yg ditempuh adalah memotongg lingkaran g krisis yg bersifat lingkaran g setan tsb al dg cara melarang perdagangan ringgit dan menetapkan nilai tukar tetap.
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Presiden Soeharto “Pembuatan Mercedez kurang lebih dua k li dari kali d i nilai il i ttambah b h pembuatan b t Vokswagen, maka added value dalam pembuatan pesawat terbang akan berjumlah j puluhan p kali dari added value pembuatan mobil Mercedez”. “Saya yakin, yakin, IPTN dapat bersaing di pasaran internasional”. internasional”. 68
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Pembangunan Berkeadilan (2011)
Tokyo 1990
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Presiden Soeharto “Langkah Langkahg -langkah g penting p g lainnya y adalah ….., .., menghapuskan monopoli menghapus g p kemudahan-kemudahan serta kemudahan khusus untuk mobil nasional dan Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara”. Nusantara”.
70
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Presiden BJ Habibie “Kenyataan-kenyataan ini, membangkitkan kembali kesadaran kita bahwa tidak mungkin g kita akan berhasil meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat, jika kita tidak sungguh-sungguh membangun ekonomi yang b b berbasiskan k pertanian”. ”
Di era reformasi ini, ini saya menggariskan kebijakan agar pembangunan sektor pertanian t i kembali k b li menjadi j di sektor kt andalan d l dalam pembangunan kita” “
15 Agustus 1998 71
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Pailit PT DI, Lompatan PT DI Lompatan Raksasa Yang Terantuk Yang Terantuk di Pengadilan Jakarta (ANTARA News) ‐ Pekik haru dan penuh syukur segera menggema di
ruang Pengadilan Negeri (PN) Jakarta Pusat, Selasa (4/9), ketika majelis hakim memaklumatkan PT Dirgantara Indonesia (DI) memenuhi syarat untuk dinyatakan pailit. Entah apa yang terbayang dalam pikiran ratusan mantan karyawan PT DI saat mendengar gugatan pailit mereka dikabulkan untuk seluruhnya. Mungkin masa depan yang lebih baik, karena kompensasi pesangon dan tunjangan hari tua yang mereka tuntut selama empat tahun dapat segera terbayar melalui pelelangan aset PT DI yang telah dinyatakan bangkrut.
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Indonesia Impor Lele dan Teri
IMPOR LELE IMPOR LELE LELE IMPOR 7.500 RP/KG LELE DOMESTIK 10 000 Rp/KG LELE DOMESTIK 10.000
IMPOR BUAH CHINA 73
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SYSTEMS THINKING for ADULTS
74
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JALAN PANJANG
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KENDALA MEMBENTUK PESERTA PIMPTI SEBAGAI SYSTEMS THINKER SEBAGAI SYSTEMS THINKER The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again.
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KETIDAKBERDAYAAN BELAJAR KETIDAKBERDAYAAN BELAJAR 1. 2. 3 3. 4. 5 5. 6.
I am my position yp The enemy is out there The illusion of taking charge The illusion of taking charge The fixation on events The parable of boiled frog The parable of boiled frog The delusion of learning from e experience perience 7. The myth of the management team 77
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1. A PAINFUL PROCESS 2. LEARNING DISABILITIES
Instrumen Hukum © Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
RDG DAMKAR 1999 : Keluar K l RDG 2000: Keluar RDG
UU 5/1974 UU 5/1974
Dj Otda Sekjen
2001 : Tidak Keluar RDG UU 22/1999 Dj 2001 : Tidak Keluar RDG UU 22/1999 Dj Otda
Geser ke Ka Badan Diklat, dll Dosen & Petani Dosen & Petani
2002 : Keluar RDG UU 22/1999 belum ada Keppres 80/2003 Daud: 18 Tahun & Wafat di Tahanan
Hari Sabarno
2010
Oentarto: 3 tahun Gub: Riau, Jabar, Kepri, Wali Kota: Makasar, Medan, dll 79
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SYSTEMS THINKING FOR KIDS
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SYSTEMS THINKING FOR KIDS 1. We can’t manage dynamic complexity systems by fragmented view 2. It’s difficult for adults to learn about systems thinking 3. Rethinking learning: an expectation to kids education
I believe we should give students a more effective way of interpreting the world around them. They should gain a greater and well founded well-founded confidence for managing their lives and the situation they encounter (Jay Forester, Forester 1994)
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11. Love to learn 2. Will to risk 3 Try it 3. 4. Explore it (Mary Shcheetz, 1996) 1. K-12 kids learning systems thinking 2. USA, Taiwan, etc. a A happy learning experience a. b. To enhance their creativity c. To enhance their ppresentingg abilityy d. To enhance their analyzing ability e. To enhance their ability to understand interrelationship
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Systems thinking for kids
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PAUD Konvensional
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Bimbingan Minat Belajar Anak
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90
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2008 - 2011 12,000 10,800 9,600 8,400 7,200 6,000 4,800 3,600 2,400 1,200
2008
SPP: 175 ribu/siswa Gaji guru minimal 1 juta/bln
2010
Kualitas Masyarakat yang menilai
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FEB
JAN
DES
OKT
NOP
SEP
AGUST
JUL
JUN
MEI
APR
FEB
MAR
JAN
DES
NOP
OKT
SEP
JUL
2009
AGUST
JUN
MEI
APR
MAR
FEB
JAN
DES
NOP
OKT
SEP
AGUST
JUL
JUN
MEI
APR
MAR
FEB
JAN
0
2011
Aku k naik k motor k kesekolah k diantar sama ibu naik motor mio motor ibu wa a hitam motor warna moto papa juga j ga warna wa a hitam dijalan j banyak y motor Umur 5 tahun © Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
Saya kalau sore sore makan bubur ayam pakai krupuk dan kacang trus ppakai kecapp makan sama bunda sama adik rasanya enak sekali kalau bunda buburnya dikasi sambal Usia 6 tahun
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Aku mau beli tas baru belinya di pasar pagi tas barunya aku bawa ke sekolah temanku pada lihat tas baruku temanku pada mau tas baruku aku pergi lagi ke pasar pagi aku k ikut ik t bersama b mama aku k senang sekali k li karena k aku k sudah diajak pergi aku masuk kedalam lihat tasnya bagus y aku jjadi mau semuanya y esok harinya y aku semuanya kesekolah tasnya diambil sama mama ……. Usia 6 tahun
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Berkualitas, mahal, tidak merata Berkualitas, mahal, tidak
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Berkualitas, murah, dan merata biMBA‐AIUEO
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Roadmap Pembentukan Karakter Minat Belajar d Systems Thinker dan S Thi k
PAUD STKIP
SMA
SD
SMP
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Learning disabilities? Learning disabilities? Systems thinking Soft and Hard SSM
System d dynamics i
Causal Maps NUMBER M h d Method
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The conventional seven-stage model of SSM
Problem situation considered problematic
Action to improve the problem situation
Stream of Cultural Enquiry: Analysis One, Two, Three (Rich Picture)
Changes: Ch systematically desirable, culturally feasible
Comparison of models and real world
Real world Systems thinking about real world Root definition of p p y relevant purposeful activity systems
Conceptual models of the systems (holons) named in the root named in the root definition
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TERIMA KASIH
100
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