Idea Transcript
Chem 115
Zamis
Solubility Rules SOLUBLE COMPOUNDS compounds of Group 1 elements
INSOLUBLE COMPOUNDS carbonates(CO32-) except those of Group I elements and NH4+
ammonium(NH4+) compounds
oxalates(C2O42-) except those of Group I elements and NH4+
chlorides(Cl-), bromides(Br-), iodides(I-) except those of Ag+, Hg22+, and Pb2+
phosphates(PO43-) except those of Group I elements and NH4+
nitrates(NO3-), acetates(C2H3O2-), chlorates(ClO3-) and perchlorates(ClO4-)
sulfides(S2-) except those of Group 1 and 2 elements and NH4+
sulfates(SO42-) except those of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Hg22+ and Ag+
hydroxides(OH-) except those of Group 1 and 2 elements and NH4+
Soluble ionic compounds in water will dissociate to give the individual cations and anions. (Strong electrolytes)
Strong Acids & Bases in Water STRONG ACIDS hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq)
STRONG BASES lithium hydroxide, LiOH (aq)
hydrobromic acid, HBr(aq)
sodium hydroxide, NaOH (aq)
hydroiodic acid, HI(aq)
potassium hydroxide, KOH (aq)
nitric acid, HNO3(aq)
Ca hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 (aq)
sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq) (to HSO4-(aq))
Sr hydroxide, Sr(OH)2 (aq)
perchloric acid, HClO4 (aq)
Ba hydroxide, Ba(OH)2 (aq)
Strong acids and bases in water will dissociate to give the individual cations and anions. (Strong electrolytes)
Weak Acids & Bases in Water WEAK ACIDS
WEAK BASES
phosphoric acid, H3PO4(aq)
ammonia, NH3(aq)
organic acids, R-CO2H
organic amines, R-NH2
Weak acids and bases in water will partially react with water to give a small percentage of cations and anions (weak electrolyte), but most of the compound will remain in its original form.