Idea Transcript
SOLUBILITY RULES: Solids (Precipitates) COMPOUND CONTAINS: Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+
GENERAL SOLUBILITY: Always Soluble
EXCEPTIONS: None
Always Soluble
None
Mostly Soluble
Pb(II), Ag, Hg(I), Hg(II)
SO4-2 (Sulfates)
Mostly Soluble
Ca, Ba, Sr, Pb(II), Ag, Hg(I)
CO3-2, PO4-3 (Carbonates and Phosphates) OH(Hydroxides)
Mostly Insoluble
Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+ (see rule #1) Li+, Na+, K+, Ca+2, Li+, Sr+2, Ba+2
S-2 (Sulfides)
Mostly Insoluble
Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca+2
PLUS: any acid
PRODUCES: H2O(l) + CO2(g) + a salt (H2CO3 is the intermediate) H2O(l) + CO2(g) + a salt (H2CO3 is the intermediate) H2S(g) + a salt
NO3-, C2H3O2(Nitrates and Acetates) Cl-, Br-, I- (halides)
Gases COMPOUND CONTAINS: CO3-2 (Aqueous or Solid) HCO3(Aqueous or Solid) S-2 (Aqueous or Solid)
Mostly Insoluble
any acid any acid
EXAMPLES: NaBr, K2SO4, (NH4)2CO3 are soluble Ba(NO3)2, Pb(C2H3O2)2 are soluble CaBr2, FeCl3 are soluble, PbBr2, AgCl are insoluble Li2SO4, ZnSO4 are soluble, CaSO4, PbSO4 are insoluble Na2CO3, K3PO4 are soluble, CaCO3, AlPO4 are insoluble NaOH, Ca(OH)2 are soluble Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2 are insoluble Na2S, CaS are soluble, PbS, MgS are insoluble
EXAMPLES: CaCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) NaHCO3(aq) + HCl(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g) + NaCl(aq) CaS(aq) + 2 HCl(aq) → H2S(g) + CaCl2(aq)