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Makalah ini disajikan pada Simposium "Kemajuan Dalam Penyakit Tropis dan Parasit" di Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Ta

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Toggle navigation Topics by WorldWideScience.org Home About News Advanced Search Contact Us Site Map Help Sample records for south sulawesi indonesia « 1 2 3 4 5 » 1. A new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Harry Wiriadinata 2013-12-01 Full Text Available A new species, Begonia hooveriana Wiriad., is described from Tanah Toraja in South Sulawesi. It belongs to Begonia section Petermannia and brings the total number of Begonia species native to Sulawesi to 43 species. 2. Stomach content analysis of a dugong (Dugong dugon) from South Sulawesi, Indonesia NARCIS (Netherlands) Erftemeijer, P.L.A.; Moka Djunarlin, W. 1993-01-01 A quantitative analysis of the stomach contents of an individual female dugong (Dugong dugon) caught by fishermen in February 1991 in the coastal waters of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is presented. Of the total dry weight of digesta (about 3.4 kg), 98.9% consisted of seagrass material. Rhizome and 3. Stomach content analysis of a dugong (Dugong dugon) from South Sulawesi, Indonesia NARCIS (Netherlands) Erftemeijer, P.L.A.; Moka Djunarlin, W. 1993-01-01 A quantitative analysis of the stomach contents of an individual female dugong (Dugong dugon) caught by fishermen in February 1991 in the coastal waters of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is presented. Of the total dry weight of digesta (about 3.4 kg), 98.9% consisted of seagrass material. Rhizome and ro 4. Differences in nutrient concentrations and resources between seagrass communities on carbonate and terrigenous sediments in South Sulawesi, Indonesia NARCIS (Netherlands) Erftemeijer, P.L.A. 1994-01-01 Water column, sediment and plant parameters were studied in six tropical seagrass beds in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, to evaluate the relation between seagrass bed nutrient concentrations and sediment type. Coastal seagrass beds on terrigenous sediments had considerably higher biomass of 5. Crowing Sound Analysis of Gaga' Chicken; Local Chicken from South Sulawesi Indonesia OpenAIRE Aprilita Bugiwati, Sri Rachma; Ashari, Fachri 2008-01-01 Gaga??? chicken was known as a local chicken at South Sulawesi Indonesia which has unique, specific, and different crowing sound, especially at the ending of crowing sound which is like the voice character of human laughing, comparing with the other types of singing chicken in the world. 287 birds of Gaga??? chicken at 3 districts at the centre habitat of Gaga??? chicken were separated into 2 groups (163 birds of Dangdut type and 124 birds of Slow type) which is based on the speed... 6. DISTRIBUTION AND PREVALENCE OF MALAYAN FILARIASIS IN SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Gandahusada S. 2012-09-01 Full Text Available Untuk mendapatkan gambaran distribusi dan prevalensi penyakit filariasis di daerah transmigrasi Sulawesi Selatan, telah dikumpulkan data survey yang diadakan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi dan KaÂbupaten pada tahun 1972, 1973, 1976 dan 1979. Data diperoleh dari 82 desa dari 3 kecamatan, Mangkutana, Nuha, dan Wotu. Infeksi filariasis pada penduduk asli di Mangkutana (9.7% lebih tinggi dari pada para transmigran (7.6%. Sedangkan pada penduduk asli di Nuha 3.6%, dan di Wotu 3.5%. 7. Differences in nutrient concentrations and resources between seagrass communities on carbonate and terrigenous sediments in South Sulawesi, Indonesia NARCIS (Netherlands) Erftemeijer, P.L.A. 1994-01-01 Water column, sediment and plant parameters were studied in six tropical seagrass beds in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, to evaluate the relation between seagrass bed nutrient concentrations and sediment type. Coastal seagrass beds on terrigenous sediments had considerably higher biomass of phytoplankto 8. First record of Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae severely damaging field grown potato crops in South Sulawesi, Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Nasruddin Andi 2016-04-01 Full Text Available Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood was reported for the first time in the South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia, and is causing significant damage to field grown potato crops. In an insecticide trial, the tuber yield in infested, untreated plants was reduced by 39%, and the plants had an average number of 68 adult whiteflies per leaflet. 9. Infrasonic Detection of a Large Bolide over South Sulawesi, Indonesia on October 8, 2009: Preliminary Results Science.gov (United States) Silber, E. A.; Brown, P. G.; Le Pinchon, A. 2011-01-01 In the morning hours of October 8, 2009, a bright object entered Earth's atmosphere over South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This bolide disintegrated above the ground, generating stratospheric infrasound returns that were detected by infrasonic stations of the global International Monitoring System (IMS) Network of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) at distances up to 17 500 km. Here we present instrumental recordings and preliminary results of this extraordinary event. Using the infrasonic periodyield relations, originally derived for atmospheric nuclear detonations, we find the most probable source energy for this bolide to be 70+/-20 kt TNT equivalent explosive yield. A unique aspect of this event is the fact that it was apparently detected by infrasound only. Global events of such magnitude are expected only once per decade and can be utilized to calibrate infrasonic location and propagation tools on a global scale, and to evaluate energy yield formula, and event timing. 10. Nutrient Content and pH of Honey Propolis Trigona from Masamba, South Sulawesi Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Andi Nilawati Usman 2016-05-01 Full Text Available Honey and propolis have nutritional components that are beneficial to health, but data concerning nutrient components of honey mixed propolis is still lacking. This study aims to determine the nutrient components and PH honey given addition of propolis, that is honey propolis from Masamba Trigona bees, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This type of research is laboratory research with sample85 grams Trigona honey mixed with 15 gram Propolis Trigona. The results showed that honey propolis Trigona of Masamba has low pH, high total phenols and quercetin content. Examination vitamin A, C and E show that vitamin C content is the highest while the mineral from 3 types examined, namely Magnesium, calcium and zinc, the highest is calcium. Further research is needed on the benefits of honey Propolis Trigona Masamba for health. 11. The influence of product differentiation strategy on operational performance at Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia OpenAIRE Muhammad Yunus Amar 2015-01-01 In the last decade, many researchers have conducted studies on the efforts to improve corporate performance through the stimulation of specific business strategy approach. This study aims to analyze the effect of product differentiation strategy on operating performance of the company. The study was conducted on industrial of SMEs in South Sulawesi, Indonesia using a survey method with the sample of 75 respondents. The data were collected through questionnaires, and processed by the method of... 12. THE BIODIVERSITY AND POTENTIAL OF SOME BAMBOO SPECIES IN SEREALE DISTRICT, NORTH TORAJA REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA OpenAIRE Elis, Tambaru 2014-01-01 This study aims to analyze the biodiversity and potential of some bamboo species in Sereale District, North Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, was done from January-May 2012 in location Sereale District, North Toraja Regency. The inventory of bamboo spesies growth was made by using the cruise method and identification of bamboo by using descriptive. The results showed that bamboo six species are Talang bamboo Schizostachyum brachycladum Kurz.; Toi bamboo S. lima (Blanco) Merr.; Pa... 13. University and community partnerships in South Sulawesi, Indonesia: Enhancing community capacity and promoting democratic governance Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Sri Mastuti 2014-06-01 Full Text Available South Sulawesi is a province in Indonesia where the majority of the population is Muslim, with many variant interpretations of Islam. Alauddin State Islamic University is not just a place for teaching and study but also plays a role in helping to unify the differences among these different Islamic groups. Its changing of status from institute to university in 2005, and later the support of the Canadian-assisted SILE Project beginning in 2010, have made this university an example of reform in the way it implements its functions. Since 2011, Alauddin State Islamic University has been developing a new approach in university-community outreach/engagement. What was formerly separated between teaching, research and community service is now linked under one institutional umbrella. The new university-community outreach approach has also adopted some new tools like Asset Based Community Development (ABCD and Results Based Management (RBM. It seeks to promote democratic governance, gender equality and a sustainable environment. The university also works in partnership with civil society organisations (CSOs in South Sulawesi, including Islamic-based organizsations, secular organisations and women’s organisations. The model for the partnership is a working group (abbreviated to pokja in Indonesian, which comprises lecturers from a faculty in the university and members of a CSO. We discuss the opportunities and challenges faced by these working groups. Opportunities include increased advantages from pooling their organisational capacities and experience in working with communities. Sharing their networks and resources makes them stronger and makes their work more sustainable. The challenge lies in changing the mindset from a needs-based, project-oriented approach to an asset-based facilitative approach, comprehending the tools, managing time to work together and building effective teamwork. Keywords: university-community outreach, democratic governance 14. Microbiologic effectiveness of boiling and safe water storage in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science.gov (United States) Sodha, Samir V; Menon, M; Trivedi, K; Ati, A; Figueroa, M E; Ainslie, R; Wannemuehler, K; Quick, R 2011-09-01 In Indonesia, where diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality among children water. We assessed the impact of boiling on water quality in South Sulawesi. We surveyed randomly selected households with at least one child water samples for Escherichia coli contamination. Among 242 households, 96% of source and 51% of stored water samples yielded E. coli. Unboiled water samples, obtained from 15% of households, were more likely to yield E. coli than boiled samples [prevalence ratios (PR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-2.5]. Water stored in wide-mouthed (PR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1-1.8) or uncovered (PR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.4) containers, or observed to be touched by the respondent's hands (PR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3-2.1) was more likely to yield E. coli. A multivariable model showed that households that did not boil water were more likely to have contaminated stored water than households that did boil water (PR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5-2.3). Although this study demonstrated the effectiveness of boiling in reducing contamination, overall impact on water quality was suboptimal. Future studies are needed to identify factors behind the success of boiling water in Indonesia to inform efforts to scale up other effective water treatment practices. 15. Making a living between crises and ceremonies in Tana Toraja: The practice of everyday life of a South Sulawesi Highland Community in Indonesia NARCIS (Netherlands) Jong, E.B.P. de 2013-01-01 The practice of everyday life in Tana Toraja (South Sulawesi, Indonesia) is structured by a series of public events, of which funerals are the most important. Even after Indonesia was hit by an economic crisis in the late 1990s, thousands of extravagant funeral ceremonies, requiring huge expenditure 16. The insect pest complex and related problems of lowland rice cultivation in South Sulawesi, Indonesia NARCIS (Netherlands) Halteren, van P. 1979-01-01 CHAPTER 1.The Department of Entomology of the Research Institute for Agriculture at Maros is concerned with insect pests of food crops, and serves the needs of farmers, most of them living near subsistance level, and of extension workers.South Sulawesi, formerly known as South Celebes, is a major ri 17. Chemical sexualities: the use of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products by youth in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science.gov (United States) Hardon, Anita; Idrus, Nurul Ilmi; Hymans, Takeo David 2013-05-01 Although young people in their everyday lives consume a bewildering array of pharmaceutical, dietary and cosmetic products to self-manage their bodies, moods and sexuality, these practices are generally overlooked by sexual and reproductive health programmes. Nevertheless, this self-management can involve significant (sexual) health risks. This article draws from the initial findings of the University of Amsterdam's ChemicalYouth project. Based on interviews with 142 youths, focus group discussions and participant observation in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, we found that young people - in the domain of sexual health - turn to pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to: (1) feel clean and attractive; (2) increase (sexual) stamina; (3) feel good and sexually confident; (4) counter sexual risks; and (5) for a group of transgender youths, to feminize their male bodies. How youth achieve these desires varies depending on their income and the demands of their working lives. Interestingly, the use of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics was less gendered than expected. Sexual health programmes need to widen their definitions of risk, cooperate with harm reduction programmes to provide youth with accurate information, and tailor themselves to the diverse sexual health concerns of their target groups. 18. Socio-demographic characteristics of traditional gold smelters in Makassar, south Sulawesi, Indonesia Science.gov (United States) Habo Abbas, Hasriwiani; Sakakibara, Masayuki; Hakim Arma, Lukmanul; Hardi Yanti, Iva 2017-06-01 The traditional gold smelting in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is an informal work with the manufacture of gold jewelry as the core activity. Stages of the gold processing include panning, smelting, and refining with mercury. In the current study, we used a social demography analysis to classify the traditional gold smelter workers in this region. Data (e.g. sex, age, education level, time working, and income) were obtained from a questionnaire survey of 58 smelter workers in the Wajo and Tallo Sub-districts of Makassar. Results showed that 84.5% of the workers were males aged from 21 to 50 years with on the average 15 year of work. The gold smelter were last educated in elementary school (31.0%), junior high school (36.2%), and senior high school (27.6%) levels whereas 5.1% have no education. We found that the monthly income of an un-skilled worker was ∼Rp. 2 million (USD 147.0) whereas that of a skilled worker was between Rp. 2.5 million (USD 183.76) and Rp. 5 million (USD 367.51). An owner could earn over Rp. 5 million (USD 367.51) per month. The result suggested that the traditional gold smelting used rudimentary technique and attracted young people with a low education level. This business continues to exist because the worker earn sufficient income and may higher through mastering gold smelter proficiency. 19. Social Innovation Among Ethnics in Cocoa Farming at Sulawesi, Indonesia OpenAIRE Mujahiddin, Imam 2014-01-01 This study conducted in the Island of Sulawesi, precisely in the province of West and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The purposes is to (i), determine the development pattern of social innovation and in the government innovation in cocoa farming among ethnics of Javanese, Buginese and Mandar in the island of Sulawesi, (ii) explore the influencing factors that differentiated the development of social innovation in cocoa farming among ethnics of Javanese, Buginese, and Mandar in the island of Sula... 20. Economic valuation of Mangroves for comparison with commercial aquaculture in south Sulawesi, Indonesia DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Malik, Abdul; Fensholt, Rasmus; Mertz, Ole

2015-01-01 Mangroves are recognized as a provider of a variety of products and essential ecosystem services that contribute significantly to the livelihood of local communities. However, over the past decades, mangroves in many tropical areas including the Takalar district, South Sulawesi have degraded and ... « 1 2 3 4 5 » « 1 2 3 4 5 » 21. Aneka ragam pengaturan sekuritas sosial di bekas kerajaan Berru Sulawesi Selatan (Pluriformity in social security arrangements in the former principality of Berru in South Sulawesi, Indonesia). NARCIS (Netherlands) Tang, M. 1996-01-01 This study is aimed at providing an analytical description of the forms of social security and legal pluralism in villages of South Sulawesi. In the villages in South Sulawesi there is a plurality of mechanisms and institutions where an individual is entitled to or has the duty to provide social sec 22. Tank Model Application for Runoff and Infiltration Analysis on Sub-Watersheds in Lalindu River in South East Sulawesi Indonesia Science.gov (United States) Wirdhana Ahmad, Sitti 2017-05-01 Improper land management often causes flood, this is due to uncontrolled runoff. Runoff is affected by the management of the land cover. The phenomena also occurred in South East Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the flow rate of water in watershed of Lalindu River in North Konawe, South East Sulawesi by using a Tank Model. The model determined the magnitude of the hydrologic runoff, infiltration capacity and soil water content several land uses were evaluated in the study area. The experimental and calculation results show that the runoff in the forest is 2,639.21 mm/year, in the reed is 2,517.05 mm/year, in the oil palm with a slope more than 45% is 2,715.36 mm/year, and in the oil palm with slopes less than 45% is 2,709.59 mm/year. Infiltration in the forest is 30.70 mm/year, in the reed is 7.51 mm/year, in the palm oil with a slope more than 45% is 24.13 mm/year and in the palm oil with slopes less than 45% is 29.67 mm/year. Runoff contributes to stream flow for water availability. 23. Economic valuation of Mangroves for comparison with commercial aquaculture in south Sulawesi, Indonesia DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Malik, Abdul; Fensholt, Rasmus; Mertz, Ole 2015-01-01 Mangroves are recognized as a provider of a variety of products and essential ecosystem services that contribute significantly to the livelihood of local communities. However, over the past decades, mangroves in many tropical areas including the Takalar district, South Sulawesi have degraded...... and decreased mainly due to conversion to aquaculture. Currently, little is known about the economic benefits of commercialization of aquaculture as compared to those derived from mangroves in the form of products and services. Here, we estimate the Total Economic Value (TEV) of mangrove benefits in order...... to compare it with the benefit value of commercial aquaculture. Market prices, replacement costs, benefit transfer value and Cost-Benefit Analyses (CBA) have been used for value determination and comparison. The results show that the per year TEV of mangroves in the study area (Takalar district, South... 24. The distribution and nest-site preference of Apis dorsata binghami at Maros Forest, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Muhammad Teguh Nagir 2016-12-01 Full Text Available The giant honey bee, Apis dorsata binghami is subspecies of Apis dorsata. This species of bee was only found in Sulawesi and its surrounding islands. This study is aimed to study the distribution and characteristics of nest and nesting trees, nesting behavior of Apis dorsata binghami in the forests of Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The distributions of nests were observed using a survey method to record the species and characteristics of nesting trees, as well as the conditions around the nest. Results showed that 102 nests (17 active nests, 85 abandoned combs of A. d. binghami were found. We found 34 species belong to 27 genera in 17 families of plants as nesting sites of giant honey bee. The common tree species used as nesting sites were Ficus subulata (Moraceae, Adenanthera sp. (Fabaceae, Spondias pinnata (Anacardiaceae, Artocarpus sericoarpus (Moraceae, Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae, Knema cinerea (Myristicaceae, Litsea mappacea (Lauraceae, and Palaquium obovatum (Sapotaceae. The nests were found in 0-11 meters (11 nests, 11-20 meters (40 nests, and more than 21 meters (51 nests from ground level. The nests of giant honey bee were found in sturdy and woody branches, hard to peel, the slope of the branches was 0.05 microhardness of enamel teeth before and after immersed in each group.In conclusion, immersion the teeth in 0.125% EEP solution pH 4.3 with 2.69 ppm phosphate, 1.49 ppm calcium, and 0.00 ppm fluoride concentrations for 84 minutes increased human enamel hardness in vitro. 53. Quantifying the bat bushmeat trade in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, with suggestions for conservation action Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Sheherazade 2015-01-01 Full Text Available The intense consumption of flying foxes in North Sulawesi, Indonesia has raised hunting pressure and extirpation is expected to spread into other regions. To assess local cultural attitudes towards bats for formulating a targeted conservation campaign, we conducted a survey of consumption practices of bats in 2013 at the eight major markets near Manado. Locals eat flying foxes at least once a month, but the frequency increases tenfold around Christian holidays. Approximately 500 metric tons of bats are imported from other provinces, with South Sulawesi as the main provider at 38%. No action has been taken to conserve the bats, as continued abundance in the market masks the effects of the bushmeat trade on wild populations. We suggest: (1 engaging churches as conduits for environmental education and quota enforcement; (2 legal regulation of interprovincial trade; (3 substituting bats with a sustainable option; (4 involving local students as campaigners to ensure higher receptiveness from local communities. Grassroots conservation initiatives combined with enforcement of existing laws aim to affect change on a local level, which has been successful in other conservation programs. These efforts would not only progress bat conservation, but conservation of other rare, endemic mammals common to the bushmeat trade. 54. Aneka ragam pengaturan sekuritas sosial : di bekas kerajaan berru Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia = Pluriformiteit en sociale zekerheidsarrangementen : in het voormalige vorstendom Berru in Zuid Sulawesi, Indonesie NARCIS (Netherlands) Tang, M. 1996-01-01 This study is aimed at providing an analytical description of the forms of social security and legal pluralism in villages of South Sulawesi. In the villages in South Sulawesi there is a plurality of mechanisms and institutions where an individual is entitled to or has the duty to provide 55. Relationship Between Dietary Diversity and Perceived Food Security Status in Indonesia : A Case of Households in The North Luwu of South Sulawesi Province OpenAIRE Pipi, Diansari; Nanseki, Teruaki; Chomei, Yosuke 2014-01-01

The aim of this study is to observe the relationship between the objective and subjective measurement of household food security status in North Luwu in Indonesia. The objective measurement is done by means of the composite Dietary Diversity Score (DDS_) consisted of nine food groups, while the subjective measurement is done using the Subjective Food Security Score (SFSS). Specifically, this study estimated the probability of household for being more food secure due to their dietary diversity... 56. Microblock rotations and fault coupling in SE Asia triple junction (Sulawesi, Indonesia) from GPS and earthquake slip vector data NARCIS (Netherlands) Socquet, A.; Simons, W.J.F.; Vigny, C.; McCaffrey, R.; Subarya, C.; Sarsito, D.; Ambrosius, B.; Spakman, W. 2006-01-01 The island of Sulawesi, eastern Indonesia, is located within the triple junction of the Australian, Philippine, and Sunda plates and accommodates the convergence of continental fragments with the Sunda margin. We quantify the kinematics of Sulawesi by modeling GPS velocities and earthquake slip vect 57. Collision, rotation, and the initiation of subduction in the evolution of Sulawesi, Indonesia Science.gov (United States) Silver, Eli A.; McCaffrey, Robert; Smith, Randall B. 1983-11-01 The island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, has been shaped and deformed as a result of collision with the Sula platform, a sliver of continental material from the northern margin of AustraliaNew Guinea. The collision has resulted in rotation of the north volcanic arm of Sulawesi and the development of the accretionary wedge of the North Sulawesi trench. The North Sulawesi trench changes laterally from a zone of no active deformation in the eastern part to a wide accretionary wedge in the west. Early stages of thrusting produce a steep frontal slope (8°-16°), indicative of relatively high basal shear stress, whereas the more advanced (western) zone of thrusting produces a gentle (2°) slope, consistent with low basal shear stress. Reported paleomagnetic data suggest post late Eocene counter-clockwise rotation of the North Arm, and the offshore geophysics are explained by a pivot of the North Arm with respect to the Celebes basin about the eastern end of the arc. Convergence between the north Banda basin and Southeast Sulawesi is documented by the presence of the Tolo thrust. Its outcrop is strongly arcuate and its accretionary wedge varies in width from a minimum of a few kilometers at each end to a maximum of 30-40 km in the central part. The northern end transforms to the leftlateral Matano fault, with a reported offset of 20 km. The southern end of the thrust projects toward the deformed rocks of Buton, but the structural relations there are not clear. The Matano fault zone appears to connect westward with the Palu fault, which forms the western transform of the North Sulawesi trench. The Palu-Matano fault system acts as a trench-trench transform between the North Sulawesi trench and the Tolo thrust, and this system is described by the same rotation pole as that for the Sulawesi North Arm. 58. Drought effects on soil COcacao agroforestry system in Sulawesi, Indonesia Science.gov (United States) van Straaten, O.; Veldkamp, E.; Köhler, M.; Anas, I. 2009-12-01 Climate change induced droughts pose a serious threat to ecosystems across the tropics and sub-tropics, particularly to those areas not adapted to natural dry periods. In order to study the vulnerability of cacao (Theobroma cacao) - Gliricidia sepium agroforestry plantations to droughts a large scale throughfall displacement roof was built in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. In this 19-month replicated experiment, we measured soil surface CO2 efflux (soil respiration) in three simulated drought plots compared with three adjacent control plots. Soil respiration rates peaked at intermediate soil moisture and decreased under increasingly dry conditions (drought induced), but also decreased when soils became water saturated, as evidenced in control plots. The simulated drought plots exhibited a slight decrease in soil respiration compared to the control plots (average 13% decrease). The strength of the drought effect was spatially variable - while some measurement chamber sites reacted strongly ("responsive") to the decrease in soil water content (up to R2=0.70) (n=11), others did not react at all ("non-responsive") (n=7). The degree of soil CO2 respiration drought response was highest around cacao tree stems and decreased with distance from the stem (R2=0.22). A significant correlation was measured between "responsive" soil respiration chamber sites and sap flux density ratios of cacao (R=0.61) and Gliricidia (R=0.65). Leaf litter CO2 respiration decreased as conditions became drier. During dry periods the litter layer contributed approximately 3-4% of the total CO2 efflux and up to 40% during wet periods. A CO2 flush was recorded during the rewetting phase that lasted for approximately two weeks, during which time accumulated labile carbon stocks mineralized. The net effect on soil CO2 emissions over the duration of the experiment was neutral, control plots respired 11.1±0.5 Mg C ha-1 yr-1, while roof plots respired 10.5±0.5 Mg C ha-1 yr-1. 59. Convergent evolution of aquatic foraging in a new genus and species (Rodentia: Muridae) from Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Science.gov (United States) Rowe, Kevin C; Achmadi, Anang S; Esselstyn, Jacob A 2014-06-17 The island of Sulawesi, in Indonesia, lies at the crossroads of the Indo-Australian Archipelago and has remained isolated from the Asian (Sunda) and Australian (Sahul) continental shelves for at least the last 10 million years. Of the 50 native species of rodents on Sulawesi, all are endemic and represent the evolution of a variety of ecological and morphological forms within the Muridae and Sciuridae. Carnivorous rodents have evolved, perhaps independently, in Muridae from the Philippines, Sulawesi, and Sahul, but semi-aquatic murids are only known from Sahul. Here we describe a new genus and species of insectivorous water rat from Sulawesi. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that it is related to the shrew rats of Sulawesi and represents an origin of aquatic carnivory that is independent from the evolution of water rats on Sahul. Many areas of Sulawesi have not been surveyed systematically and current lists of mammal species are likely to dramatically underestimate actual diversity. 60. Macaques in farms and folklore: exploring the human-nonhuman primate interface in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science.gov (United States) Riley, Erin P; Priston, Nancy E C 2010-09-01 The island of Sulawesi is an ecologically diverse and anthropogenically complex region in the Indonesian archipelago; it is home to multiple macaque species and a key locus of human-nonhuman primate interconnections. Here, we review the ethnoprimatology of Sulawesi by exploring two primary domains of the human-macaque interface: overlapping resource use and cultural perceptions of macaques. Crop raiding is the primary form of overlapping resource use. While the raiding of cacao plantations predominates in Central and South Sulawesi, subsistence crops (e.g., sweet potato and maize) are most vulnerable on Buton, Southeast Sulawesi. Despite this overlap levels of conflict are generally low, with farmers showing considerable tolerance. This tolerance can be explained by positive perceptions of the macaques despite their crop raiding behavior, and the finding that in some areas macaques figure prominently in local folklore, hence affording them protection. These findings provide some hope for the future management and conservation of these endemic macaques. « 1 2 3 4 5 » « 2 3 4 5 6 » 61. A New Species of Muscicapa Flycatcher from Sulawesi, Indonesia Science.gov (United States) Yong, Ding Li; Prawiradilaga, Dewi M.; Putra, Dadang Dwi; Round, Philip D.; Rheindt, Frank E. 2014-01-01 The Indonesian island of Sulawesi, a globally important hotspot of avian endemism, has been relatively poorly studied ornithologically, to the extent that several new bird species from the region have been described to science only recently, and others have been observed and photographed, but never before collected or named to science. One of these is a new species of Muscicapa flycatcher that has been observed on several occasions since 1997. We collected two specimens in Central Sulawesi in 2012, and based on a combination of morphological, vocal and genetic characters, we describe the new species herein, more than 15 years after the first observations. The new species is superficially similar to the highly migratory, boreal-breeding Gray-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa griseisticta, which winters in Sulawesi; however, the new species differs strongly from M. griseisticta in several morphological characters, song, and mtDNA. Based on mtDNA, the new species is only distantly related to M. griseisticta, instead being a member of the M. dauurica clade. The new species is evidently widely distributed in lowland and submontane forest throughout Sulawesi. This wide distribution coupled with the species' apparent tolerance of disturbed habitats suggests it is not currently threatened with extinction. PMID:25419968 62. A new species of Muscicapa flycatcher from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science.gov (United States) Harris, J Berton C; Rasmussen, Pamela C; Yong, Ding Li; Prawiradilaga, Dewi M; Putra, Dadang Dwi; Round, Philip D; Rheindt, Frank E 2014-01-01 The Indonesian island of Sulawesi, a globally important hotspot of avian endemism, has been relatively poorly studied ornithologically, to the extent that several new bird species from the region have been described to science only recently, and others have been observed and photographed, but never before collected or named to science. One of these is a new species of Muscicapa flycatcher that has been observed on several occasions since 1997. We collected two specimens in Central Sulawesi in 2012, and based on a combination of morphological, vocal and genetic characters, we describe the new species herein, more than 15 years after the first observations. The new species is superficially similar to the highly migratory, boreal-breeding Gray-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa griseisticta, which winters in Sulawesi; however, the new species differs strongly from M. griseisticta in several morphological characters, song, and mtDNA. Based on mtDNA, the new species is only distantly related to M. griseisticta, instead being a member of the M. dauurica clade. The new species is evidently widely distributed in lowland and submontane forest throughout Sulawesi. This wide distribution coupled with the species' apparent tolerance of disturbed habitats suggests it is not currently threatened with extinction. 63. A new species of Muscicapa flycatcher from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) J Berton C Harris Full Text Available The Indonesian island of Sulawesi, a globally important hotspot of avian endemism, has been relatively poorly studied ornithologically, to the extent that several new bird species from the region have been described to science only recently, and others have been observed and photographed, but never before collected or named to science. One of these is a new species of Muscicapa flycatcher that has been observed on several occasions since 1997. We collected two specimens in Central Sulawesi in 2012, and based on a combination of morphological, vocal and genetic characters, we describe the new species herein, more than 15 years after the first observations. The new species is superficially similar to the highly migratory, boreal-breeding Gray-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa griseisticta, which winters in Sulawesi; however, the new species differs strongly from M. griseisticta in several morphological characters, song, and mtDNA. Based on mtDNA, the new species is only distantly related to M. griseisticta, instead being a member of the M. dauurica clade. The new species is evidently widely distributed in lowland and submontane forest throughout Sulawesi. This wide distribution coupled with the species' apparent tolerance of disturbed habitats suggests it is not currently threatened with extinction. 64. Muslim diversity: Islam and local tradition in Java and Sulawesi, Indonesia OpenAIRE Muhammad Ali 2011-01-01 Based on some historical and anthropological accounts, this article examines a dynamic interplay between Islam and local tradition in Indonesia with special reference to Java and Sulawesi. It explains how local Muslims differed in their interpretation and application of Islam. It looks at processes of religious change as a world religion interacts with local forces. The “localization†of Islam was a constant feature in the expansion of Islam beyond the Arab homeland, including ... 65. The Rabbit-Fishes (Family Siganidae) From The Coast Of Sulawesi, Indonesia OpenAIRE Burhanuddin, andi Iqbal 2016-01-01 ABSTRACT: Fish diversity monitoring could be utilized as a basis for formulating management regulation of the fisheries resources. A study has been carried out to describe the Siganid fishes of the family Siganidae from the coast of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted from September 2010 to August 2013. Two hundred and thirty five specimen of Siganid belonging 17 species were examined and identified: Siganus argenteus, S. canaliculatus, S. corralinus, S. doliatus, S... 66. THE RABBIT-FISHES (FAMILY SIGANIDAE) FROM THE COAST OF SULAWESI, INDONESIA OpenAIRE Iqbal Burhanuddin, Andi; Budimawan, Budimawan; sahabuddin, sahabuddin 2014-01-01 - Fish diversity monitoring could be utilized as a basis for formulating management regulation of the fisheries resources. A study has been carried out to describe the Siganid fishes of the family Siganidae from the coast of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted from September 2010 to August 2013. Two hundred and thirty five specimen of Siganid belonging 17 species were examined and identified: Siganus argenteus, S. canaliculatus, S. corralinus, S. doliatus, S. fuscescens, S. guttat... 67. Diversity and the role of yeast in spontaneous cocoa bean fermentation from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia OpenAIRE JAMILI; NUR ARFA YANTI; PRIMA ENDANG SUSILOWATI 2016-01-01 Abstract. Jamili, Yanti NA, Susilowati PE. 2016. Diversity and the role of yeast in spontaneous cocoa bean fermentation from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 9095. Yeast is one of the microbial group which is role in the process of cocoa spontaneously fermentation. The objective of this study was to determinate and to know the diversity of yeast that role on cocoa bean fermentation. Yeast was isolated by pour plate method from cocoa bean that was naturally fermented by a coco... 68. BUDAYA KERANDA ERONG DI TANA TORAJA, ENREKANG DAN MAMASA, SULAWESI, INDONESIA OpenAIRE Akin Duli 2012-01-01 - ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to obtain comprehensive data and information on the distribution, dating, types, origin, and the development of Erong Coffins in Tana Toraja, Enrekang and Mamasa, Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted using two methods ??? archaeology and ethnographic methods. In order to determine the dating of the Erong coffin, radiocarbon dating method was employed by using wood samples taken from the coffins. The results of the study showed that the co... 69. The Odonata of Sulawesi and adjacent islands. Part 4. A new genus and species of Chlorocyphidae from South-East Sulawesi NARCIS (Netherlands) Tol, van J. 1998-01-01 A new genus and species of Chlorocyphidae (Insecta: Odonata: Zygoptera), Watuwila vervoorti, from SE Sulawesi (Indonesia) is described. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the genera of the family indicates that the genus represents a relatively old lineage. 70. The Odonata of Sulawesi and adjacent islands. Part 4. A new genus and species of Chlorocyphidae from South-East Sulawesi NARCIS (Netherlands) Tol, van J. 1998-01-01 A new genus and species of Chlorocyphidae (Insecta: Odonata: Zygoptera), Watuwila vervoorti, from SE Sulawesi (Indonesia) is described. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the genera of the family indicates that the genus represents a relatively old lineage. 71. Two new species and one new subspecies of Begonia (Begoniaceae from Southeast Sulawesi, Sulawesi, Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Deden Girmansyah 2015-03-01 Full Text Available Dua jenis baru dan satu subspesies, Begonia mekonggensis Girmansyah & Wiriadinata, Begonia watuwilensis Girmansyah, dan Begonia aptera Blume subsp. hirtissima Girmansyah & D.C.Thomas, telah dideskripsikan dari Gunung Mekongga dan Watuwila, Sulawesi Tenggara. Begonia mekonggensis dan Begonia watuwilensis termasuk kedalam seksi Petermannia. Kedua jenis ini memiliki karakter yang tidak umum dimiliki oleh seksi ini: Begonia mekonggensis berumah dua dan Begonia watuwilensis memiliki perbungaan yang tidak biasa yaitu bunga jantan mekar duluan yang keluar di bagian basal sedangkan betina di bagian atas perbungaan dengan banyak bunga. Begonia aptera Blume subsp. hirtissima ter- masuk kedalam seksi Sphenanthera.  72. Sustainable Education Systems For The Unfortunate In South Sulawesi Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Andi Rasyid Pananrangi 2016-02-01 Full Text Available The aim of this paper was (1 to explain some basic issues faced by the education policy makers in South Sulawesi, including the introduction of school fees and the private provision of schools; (2 to outline the relation between planning and budgeting for the educational policy objectives on the one hand and the economic planning and management of resources on the other; (3 to discuss the influence of this policy for the unfortunate in obtaining education. This study was carried in South Sulawesi. A descriptive approach was used in this study. The data were collected through library research and observation. The obtained data were then analyzed and presented descriptively. The results show that the available approach is not adequate to accommodate and to provide the opportunity of education for the unfortunate in South Sulawesi. The full or partial replacement of annual incremental planning and budgeting systems were still less appropriate to current problems. Reforms should also take full account of the need to strengthen a potentially beneficial relationship between the state and the private sectors. 73. Six new nematodes of the Heligmonellidae (Trichostrongylina) collected from endemic murines of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science.gov (United States) Hasegawa, H; Miyata, A; Syafruddin 1999-06-01 Nematodes in Odilia and Paraheligmonelloides (Trichostrongylina: Heligmonellidae) are first recorded from Sulawesi, Indonesia, with 6 new species from the small intestine of endemic murines: Odilia sulawesiensis n. sp. and Odilia moatensis n. sp. from Rattus xanthurus; Odilia mamasaensis n. sp. and Odilia maxomyos n. sp. from Maxomys musschenbroekii; Paraheligmonelloides eropeplios n. sp. from Eropeplus canus; Paraheligmonelloides paruromyos n. sp. from Paruromys dominator. The 6 species are readily distinguished from congeners in the arrangement and number of the synlophe ridges, dilatation of cuticle, shape of the bursa copulatrix and the spicules, and length ratio of the spicules or the ovejector to body. The intestinal heligmonellid fauna of Sulawesi rats shows affinity to both Sundaland and Australian representatives, reflecting dispersal and speciation history of the nematodes and their hosts. 74. Short-term poverty dynamics of rural households: Evidence from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Stefan Schwarze 2011-12-01

Full Text Available The understanding of poverty dynamics is crucial for the design of appropriate poverty reduction strategies. Taking the case of Central Sulawesi, we investigate the determinants of both chronic and transitory poverty using data from 264 randomly selected households interviewed in 2005 and 2007. Regarding the US 1$/day poverty line, the headcount index declined from 19.3% in 2005 to 18.2% in 2007. However, we observed an increasing number of people living on less than US 2$/day expressed in purchasing power parity (PPP. The results of the estimated multinomial logit model applied in this study indicate that a lack of non-agricultural employment opportunities and low endowment of social capital are major determinants of chronic as well as transitory poverty in this province of Indonesia. These results are used to draw policy conclusions with respect to the alleviation of transitory and chronic poverty in Central Sulawesi. 75. Chromite Composition and Accessory Minerals in Chromitites from Sulawesi, Indonesia: Their Genetic Significance Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Federica Zaccarini 2016-05-01 Full Text Available Several chromite deposits located in the in the South and Southeast Arms of Sulawesi, Indonesia, have been investigated by electron microprobe. According to the variation of the Cr# = Cr/(Cr + Fe3+, the chromite composition varies from Cr-rich to Al-rich. Small platinum-group minerals (PGM, 1–10 μm in size, occur in the chromitites. The most abundant PGM is laurite, which has been found included in fresh chromite or in contact with chlorite along cracks in the chromite. Laurite forms polygonal crystals, and it occurs as a single phase or in association with amphibole, chlorite, Co-pentlandite and apatite. Small blebs of irarsite (less than 2 μm across have been found associated with grains of awaruite and Co-pentlandite in the chlorite gangue of the chromitites. Grains of olivine, occurring in the silicate matrix or included in fresh chromite, have been analyzed. They show a composition typical of mantle-hosted olivine. The bimodal composition and the slight enrichment in TiO2 observed in some chromitites suggest a vertical zonation due to the fractionation of a single batch magma with an initial boninitic composition during its ascent, in a supra-subduction zone. This observation implies the accumulation of Cr-rich chromitites at deep mantle levels and the formation of the Al-rich chromitites close or above the Moho-transition zone. All of the laurites are considered to be magmatic in origin, i.e., entrapped as solid phases during the crystallization of chromite at temperature of around 1200 °C and a sulfur fugacity below the sulfur saturation. Irarsite possibly represents a low temperature, less than 400 °C, exsolution product. 76. Geological setting and styles of mineralization, north arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia Science.gov (United States) Kavalieris, I.; van Leeuwen, Th. M.; Wilson, M. ). Porphyry Mo mineralization in the neck of Sulawesi is related to small stocks or roof apophyses of the Dondo batholith. Cogenetic granites are exposed over 5000 km 2 and are intruded in an arcuate belt, more than 400 km long, parallel to the Sula Platform collision zone. Unimodal felsic volcanics of Plio-Pleistocene age, which occur locally along the inner side of the north arm and further to the south, are probably the extrusive equivalents of the Dondo granites. Epithermal Au mineralization (typically quartz-calcite veins ± adularia) is associated mainly with the Early Miocene andesitic arc but there are important exceptions, and in general the age of mineralization is poorly known. A district-wide correlation between epithermal Au mineralization and porphyry Cuî—¸Au mineralization is not apparent. The most important epithermal Au district (Kotamobagu) is inferred to be associated with a long-lived volcanic center represented by the Moat caldera. Epithermal gold systems in the North Sulawesi Arc are generally eroded deeply, typically with chlorite-epidote wallrock alteration, and little is known about their associated volcanic environment. In addition to high sulphidation Au mineralization related to porphyry systems, other styles and settings of Au mineralization in the north arm are exemplified by the Gunung Pani rhyolitic dome, the Patung diatreme breccia, the Mesel jasperiod, hosted partly by carbonate rocks, and sedimentary replacement Au-base metal mineralization at Doup. Diversity of mineralization in the north arm is further illustrated by VMS mineralization in volcanic basement to the Neogene arc, and by metamorphogenic quartz vein Au mineralization in the neck of Sulawesi. 77. Consumer Protection Towards Local Food Production In Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Suriani BT. Tolo 2015-08-01 Full Text Available Abstract Consumers have rights which should not just be ignored by businesses such as the right to be a safety the right be informed the right to be heard as well as the right to a good environment and healthy. Kendari Regency as a local government has been manifested by issuing regulations and policies that support the development of local food production such as the Mayor of Kendari regulation No. 15 of 2010 and Mayor Kendari Decree No. 427 of 2012 regarding the Establishment of Community Care Local Food. It appears that the local government is trying to make this local food as an alternative food. The type of research used in this paper is a socio-legal research reviewing the local food production from the perspective of consumer protection. The outcomes of the research indicate that responsibility of food business operators in the implementation of local production is essentially an effort to assist the government in ensuring the realization of food safety system. Therefore there is a need for awareness of the laws and regulations for all parties involved towards local food production especially in Kendari Regency Southeast Sulawesi on the food production process. 78. Malaria past and present: the case of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science.gov (United States) Henley, D 2001-09-01 The incidence and impact of malaria in North Sulawesi have declined both in the short term during the 1990s, and over a much longer timespan (though perhaps less continuously) since the end of the colonial period. The improvement already seems to have been well underway before deliberate vector control activities became extensive in the second half of the 1970s, and environmental changes affecting the Anopheles mosquito fauna, in particular the replacement of primary and secondary forest by permanent farmland, are probably the principal reasons for the long-term trend; other possible factors include the increasing use of antimalarial drugs. The well-documented decline in malaria incidence over the years 1991-1997, nevertheless, probably reflects the unprecedented scale of residual insecticide spraying in the province during that period, while the slight resurgence of the disease in the last three years corresponds to the subsequent cessation of house spraying as a result of the current economic crisis. Despite the evident importance of environmental change as a factor ameliorating the malaria situation in the long term, experience from the colonial era suggests that the prospects for deliberate environmental management (species sanitation) as an alternative malaria control strategy are poor. 79. The Subak in Diaspora: Balinese Farmers and the Subak in South Sulawesi. Science.gov (United States) Roth, Dik 2011-02-01 The subak has a long history as an irrigators' institution on Bali. It has also spread across Indonesia along with Balinese farmers who were resettled by colonial and post-colonial governments or who have migrated spontaneously since colonial times. While subaks have been much researched in Bali itself, little is known about subaks outside Bali. Luwu District in South Sulawesi is one of the areas where thousands of Balinese families settled in the last four decades. Based on research in this transmigration area, this paper analyzes the emergence and development of the subak in relation to the development of irrigation infrastructure of a state-built irrigation system. A comparison between two Balinese settlements in the same system shows that differences in infrastructural and managerial conditions and arrangements between parts of the irrigation system were major determinants of the institutional space allowed for the subak and ways in which the subaks developed. 80. Diversity and the role of yeast in spontaneous cocoa bean fermentation from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) JAMILI 2016-06-01 Full Text Available Abstract. Jamili, Yanti NA, Susilowati PE. 2016. Diversity and the role of yeast in spontaneous cocoa bean fermentation from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 90-95. Yeast is one of the microbial group which is role in the process of cocoa spontaneously fermentation. The objective of this study was to determinate and to know the diversity of yeast that role on cocoa bean fermentation. Yeast was isolated by pour plate method from cocoa bean that was naturally fermented by a cocoa farmer in Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi using yeast mannitol agar (YMA media. Yeast was characterized and identified using phenotypic characters based on numeric-phenetic analysis. Yeast isolates applied to cocoa bean to determine its role in cocoa bean fermentation. The result was obtained seven isolates the dominant yeast during cocoa bean fermentation in Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi. The result of numerical-phenetic analysis based on phenotypic characters to seven yeast isolates showed that 1 isolates (Klk1 identical with Candida krusei. Three isolates (Klk4, Klk5 and Klk7 identical with Candida tropicalis, one isolate (Klk2 identical with Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, one isolate (Klk3 identical with Kloeckera sp. and one isolate (Klk6 identical with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The result also showed that fermentation of cocoa with seeding of yeast inoculums served to increase the quality of cocoa beans than spontaneous fermentation. Therefore, the seven yeast isolates potentially be used as an inoculum to improve the cocoa quality. « 2 3 4 5 6 » « 3 4 5 6 7 » 81. Exploration and Inventory of Araceae Genera in Silui Mountain and Uluisimbone Forest, Kolaka Regency, South-East Sulawesi OpenAIRE BRAMANTYO TRI ADI NUGROHO; YESSI SANTIKA 2008-01-01 The island of Sulawesi has been highlighted as a globally important conservation area, across a range of evaluation criteria. Collection rates on the Sulawesi island are the lowest among in Indonesia area. Taxonomic study also has been limited, with most experts reporting large numbers of undescribed species. The research of Araceae diversity in Sulawesi is subject which in general has not been studied critically. The main purpose of this research is concerned to inventory the diversity of Ar... 82. Disposal of household burned garbage and risk of low birth weight in Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Puti Sari Hidayangsih 2015-01-01 Full Text Available AbstrakLatar belakang: Pembakaran sampah di dalam rumah tanggadapat mempengaruhi berat badan bayi lahir rendah (BBLR. Pada tulisan ini disajikan pembakaran sampah di rumah tangga terhadap risiko BBLR.Metode: Analisis data menggunakan sebagian data studi potong lintang Riskesdas 2013 di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Data yang dianalisis ialah data bayi berusia 0-11 bulan. Berat badan bayi waktu lahir berdasarkan catatan berat bayi saat lahir yang tercatat dalam kuesioner Riskesdas. Bayi dikategorikan BBLR jika berat badan waktu lahir kurang dari 2500 gram. Hasil: Di antara 281 bayi yang mempunyai catatan berat badan lahir terdapat 10,6% (23 bayi yang BBLR. Bayi yang tinggal di rumah tangga dengan perilaku pengelolaan sampah dengan cara dibakar dibandingkan dengan selain dibakar mempunyai risiko 2,3 kali lipat mengalami BBLR (RRa=2,28; 95% CI=1,18-8,61. Kesimpulan: Bayi yang tinggal di rumah tangga dengan sampah dibakar dibandingkan dengan tanpa sampah dibakar mempunyai risiko lebih tinggi BBLR di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia. (Health Science Indones 2014;2:89-93Kata kunci: berat badan lahir rendah, pembakaran sampahAbstractBackground: The management of household waste by burning can affect the incidence of low birth weight (LBW. This paper aims to identify the burning of garbage at home and risk of low birth weight. Methods: This analysis used a part of Riskesdas 2013 data in the Central Sulawesi Province. Subjects analyzed were infants aged 0-11 months. Baby’s weight was based on the baby’s birth weightwhich was recorded in the questionnaire of Riskesdas. The infants were categorized as LBW, if the recorded birth weight was less than 2500 grams. Results: Out of 392 babies, 281 babies had recorded birth weightswhich could be proved by documentary evidence. The majority of babies were boys (50.9% and lived in rural areas (58.7%. The proportion of babies who had LBW was 10.6% (23 infants. The babies who were living in households with 83. Coral species identification and occurrences from sites at Mandano and Wakatobi, Sulawesi, Indonesia and Raiatea, Society Islands, French Polynesia, March-May, 2002 (NODC Accession 0039738) Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — These data are coral species and occurrences data from Pacific reef areas (crest, flat, and slope) collected at sites in Manado, northern Sulawesi, Indonesia (app.... 84. Magmatic evolution of Sulawesi (Indonesia): constraints on the Cenozoic geodynamic history of the Sundaland active margin Science.gov (United States) Polvé, M.; Maury, R. C.; Bellon, H.; Rangin, C.; Priadi, B.; Yuwono, S.; Joron, J. L.; Atmadja, R. Soeria 1997-04-01 Tertiary and Quaternary magmatic rocks from West Sulawesi record the complex history of part of the Sundaland margin where subduction and collision have been and are still active. The present study, based on petrographic data, major- and trace-element chemistry and 40Kî—¸ 40Ar dating aims to document the age and chemical characteristics of the magmatic formations from West Sulawesi and to determine the corresponding constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the Sundaland border. The West Sulawesi magmatic province includes the South Arm of Sulawesi (Ujung Pandang area), the western part of Central Sulawesi with the Toraja and Palu areas, and finally, the North Arm, extending from Palu to Manado, which includes the Tolitoli and Manado areas. Paleocene magmatic activity seems to be restricted to an episode of calc-alkaline magmatism in the Ujung Pandang area (61-59 Ma). The major Eocene (50-40 Ma) magmatic event is tholeiitic and is documented in all areas except in Ujung Pandang. It led to the emplacement of tholeiitic pillowlavas and basaltic dykes of back-arc basin (BAB) affinity. These rocks are potential equivalents to the Celebes Sea basaltic basement. From Oligocene to Miocene, magmatic eruptions produced successively island-arc tholeiitic (IAT) and calc-alkaline (CA) rock series. The youngest IAT activity occurred around 18 Ma in the central part (Palu area) and around 14 Ma in the North Arm (Tolitoli area) while CA magmas were emplaced in the North Arm at ca. 18 Ma (Tolitoli and Manado areas). Typical calc-alkaline activity resumed only in the North Arm (Tolitoli and Manado areas) during the Late Miocene (9 Ma) and is still active in the Manado region. In other areas (Palu, Toraja and Ujung Pandang areas) an important and widespread magmatic event occurred between 13 and 10 Ma and emplaced K-rich magmas, either silica-undersaturated alkali-potassic basalts (AK), ultrapotassic basanites (UK) or shoshonites (SH). K-rich activity continued in the south until 85. Genetic diversity and parentage in farmer selections of cacao from Southern Sulawesi, Indonesia revealed by microsatellite markers Science.gov (United States) Dinarti, Diny; Susilo, Agung W.; Meinhardt, Lyndel W.; Ji, Kun; Motilal, Lambert A.; Mischke, Sue; Zhang, Dapeng 2015-01-01 Indonesia is the third largest cocoa-producing country in the world. Knowledge of genetic diversity and parentage of farmer selections is important for effective selection and rational deployment of superior cacao clones in farmers’ fields. We assessed genetic diversity and parentage of 53 farmer selections of cacao in Sulawesi, Indonesia, using 152 international clones as references. Cluster analysis, based on 15 microsatellite markers, showed that these Sulawesi farmer selections are mainly comprised of hybrids derived from Trinitario and two Upper Amazon Forastero groups. Bayesian assignment and likelihood-based parentage analysis further demonstrated that only a small number of germplasm groups, dominantly Trinitario and Parinari, contributed to these farmer selections, in spite of diverse parental clones having been used in the breeding program and seed gardens in Indonesia since the 1950s. The narrow parentage predicts a less durable host resistance to cacao diseases. Limited access of the farmers to diverse planting materials or the strong preference for large pods and large bean size by local farmers, may have affected the selection outcome. Diverse sources of resistance, harbored in different cacao germplasm groups, need to be effectively incorporated to broaden the on-farm diversity and ensure sustainable cacao production in Sulawesi. PMID:26719747 86. Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia Science.gov (United States) Belkin, H.E.; Tewalt, S.J.; Hower, J.C.; Stucker, J.D.; O'Keefe, J. M. K. 2009-01-01 Indonesia has become the world's largest exporter of thermal coal and is a major supplier to the Asian coal market, particularly as the People's Republic of China is now (2007) and perhaps may remain a net importer of coal. Indonesia has had a long history of coal production, mainly in Sumatra and Kalimantan, but only in the last two decades have government and commercial forces resulted in a remarkable coal boom. A recent assessment of Indonesian coal-bed methane (CBM) potential has motivated active CBM exploration. Most of the coal is Paleogene and Neogene, low to moderate rank and has low ash yield and sulfur (generally coal basins. Eight coal samples are described that represent the major export and/or resource potential of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. Detailed geochemistry, including proximate and ultimate analysis, sulfur forms, and major, minor, and trace element determinations are presented. Organic petrology and vitrinite reflectance data reflect various precursor flora assemblages and rank variations, including sample composites from active igneous and tectonic areas. A comparison of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) elements abundance with world and US averages show that the Indonesian coals have low combustion pollution potential. 87. Sound Governance in the Development of Mamminasata Metropolitan Areas in South Sulawesi Province Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Firdaus Firdaus 2016-05-01 Full Text Available The direction of development in Indonesia has strongly integrated with the concept of good governance started from the strengthening of international market that is both imperialist and colony thereby contradicting to the tradition of developing countries. This leads to the establishment of sound governance as an alternative concept to improve the government's capacity to innovate in policy and administration. The development of Mamminasata Metropolitan area in South Sulawesi province experiences difficulties in implementing the coordination, integration, synchronization and cannot accommodate the whole event in order to realize the interconnection of development across districts / cities, whereas the central government makes this as a National Strategic Areas (KSN and leading area in the East Indonesia. This study aims to explore and analyze the sound governance practices in the development program of Mamminasata Metropolitan area focusing on five dimensions, namely process, structure, values, management, and policy. The results show that 1 in the process dimension, the stakeholders involved in the Mamminasata development program establish inter-regional cooperation and coordinate externally and internally of the area ranging from planning to the implementation of development activities; 2 in the structure dimension, the government has established clear organization and regulation in regulating the development process. 3 in the value dimension, Mamminasata development program is based on the responsiveness of local government and has up-holded justice in accordance with the potential of each area; 4 in the management dimension, the government personnel has already had knowledge about the Mamminasata concept, but they are still experiencing problems in the use of technology because of limited resources; and 5 in the policy dimension, the government has encouraged the public to participate directly in policy making and implementation of 88. Garnet peridotite and associated high-grade rocks from Sulawesi, Indonesia Science.gov (United States) Helmers, H.; Maaskant, P.; Hartel, T. H. D. 1990-11-01 The effects of collision between three major plates define the geological development of eastern Indonesia. Garnet peridotite and associated granulite-facies contact rocks are described from two sites within the valley of the active Palu-Koro left-lateral, strike-slip fault crossing central Sulawesi. Disrupted parts of a medium- to low-grade metamorphic complex intruded by Neogene granite occur on both sides of the fault. Thermobarometry on minerals and fluids in the garnet peridotite reveals a re-equilibration path from a depth of 60 km upward. Chemistry points to metasomatic effects — isolated trace-element enrichment — by a CO 2-rich liquid and fluid in a peridotite of oceanic affiliation. The granulite shows an increase in T and incipient melting at the arrival of peridotite. The sequence of fluid inclusions of an evolving CO 2î—¸CH 4(î—¸N 2)î—¸H 2O-bearing fluid defines a concave decompression path suggesting rapid uplift. Trace element chemistry of granulite with basaltic to peraluminious rhyolitic composition indicates island-arc affinity. The described history may well reflect the processes beneath a mantled gneiss dome, present as a coeval metamorphic aureole around the garnet peridotite outcrops. 89. Genetic polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance genes, pfcrt and pfmdr1, in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science.gov (United States) Reteng, Patrick; Vrisca, Visia; Sukarno, Inka; Djarkoni, Ilham Habib; Kalangi, Jane Angela; Jacobs, George Eduardo; Runtuwene, Lucky Ronald; Eshita, Yuki; Maeda, Ryuichiro; Suzuki, Yutaka; Mongan, Arthur Elia; Warouw, Sarah Maria; Yamagishi, Junya; Tuda, Josef 2017-04-04 Malaria still poses one of the major threats to human health. Development of effective antimalarial drugs has decreased this threat; however, the emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, a cause of Malaria, is disconcerting. The antimalarial drug chloroquine has been effectively used, but resistant parasites have spread worldwide. Interestingly, the withdrawal of the drug reportedly leads to an increased population of susceptible parasites in some cases. We examined the prevalence of genomic polymorphisms in a malaria parasite P. falciparum, associated with resistance to an antimalarial drug chloroquine, after the withdrawal of the drug from Indonesia. Blood samples were collected from 95 malaria patients in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, in 2010. Parasite DNA was extracted and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for pfcrt and pfmdr1. In parallel, multiplex amplicon sequencing for the same genes was carried out with Illumina MiSeq. Of the 59 cases diagnosed as P. falciparum infection by microscopy, PCR-RFLP analysis clearly identified the genotype 76T in pfcrt in 44 cases. Sequencing analysis validated the identified genotypes in the 44 cases and demonstrated that the haplotype in the surrounding genomic region was exclusively SVMNT. Results of pfmdr1 were successfully obtained for 51 samples, where the genotyping results obtained by the two methods were completely consistent. In pfmdr1, the 86Y mutant genotype was observed in 45 cases (88.2%). Our results suggest that the prevalence of the mutated genotypes remained dominant even 6 years after the withdrawal of chloroquine from this region. Diversified haplotype of the resistance-related locus, potentially involved in fitness costs, unauthorized usage of chloroquine, and/or a short post-withdrawal period may account for the observed high persistence of prevalence. 90. Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of iron-sulfur-oxidizing heterotrophic bacteria indigenous to nickel laterite ores of Sulawesi, Indonesia: Implications for

biohydrometallurgy Science.gov (United States) Chaerun, Siti Khodijah; Hung, Sutina; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Sanwani, Edy 2015-09-01 The main objective of this study was to isolate and phylogenetically identify the indigenous iron-sulfur-oxidizing heterotrophic bacteria capable of bioleaching nickel from laterite mineral ores. The bacteria were isolated from a nickel laterite mine area in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Seven bacterial strains were successfully isolated from laterite mineral ores (strains SKC/S-1 to SKC/S-7) and they were capable of bioleaching of nickel from saprolite and limonite ores. Using EzTaxon-e database, the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the seven bacterial strains were subjected to phylogenetic analysis, resulting in a complete hierarchical classification system, and they were identified as Pseudomonas taiwanensis BCRC 17751 (98.59% similarity), Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum BGSC 3A28 (99.14% and 99.32% similarities), Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007 (98.95% and 99.33% similarities), Bacillus methylotrophicus CBMB 205 (99.37% similarity), and Bacillus altitudinis 41KF2b (99.37% similarity). It is noteworthy that members of the phylum Firmicutes (in particular the genus Bacillus) predominated in this study, therefore making them to have the high potential to be candidates for the bioleaching of nickel from laterite mineral ores. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the predominance of the phylum Firmicutes in the Sulawesi laterite mineral ores. 91. Rich soil carbon and nitrogen but low atmospheric greenhouse gas fluxes from North Sulawesi mangrove swamps in Indonesia. Science.gov (United States) Chen, Guang C; Ulumuddin, Yaya I; Pramudji, Sastro; Chen, Shun Y; Chen, Bin; Ye, Yong; Ou, Dan Y; Ma, Zhi Y; Huang, Hao; Wang, Jing K 2014-07-15 The soil to atmosphere fluxes of greenhouse gases N2O, CH4 and CO2 and their relationships with soil characteristics were investigated in three tropical oceanic mangrove swamps (Teremaal, Likupang and Kema) in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Mangrove soils in North Sulawesi were rich in organic carbon and nitrogen, but the greenhouse gas fluxes were low in these mangroves. The fluxes ranged -6.05-13.14 μmol m(-2)h(-1), -0.35-0.61 μmol m(-2)h(-1) and -1.34-3.88 mmol m(-2)h(-1) for N2O, CH4 and CO2, respectively. The differences in both N2O and CH4 fluxes among different mangrove swamps and among tidal positions in each mangrove swamp were insignificant. CO2 flux was influenced only by mangrove swamps and the value was higher in Kema mangrove. None of the measured soil parameters could explain the variation of CH4 fluxes among the sampling plots. N2O flux was negatively related to porewater salinity, while CO2 flux was negatively correlated with water content and organic carbon. This study suggested that the low gas emissions due to slow metabolisms would lead to the accumulations of organic matters in North Sulawesi mangrove swamps. 92. Relationship between Internal Quality Audit and Quality Culture toward Implementation Consistency of ISO 9000 in Private College of Sulawesi Province, Indonesia Science.gov (United States) Mail, Abdul; Pratikto; Suparman, Sudjito; Purnomo; Santoso, Budi 2014-01-01 The study aims to find out the influence of internal quality process on the growth of quality culture in private college. This study is treated toward 178 lecturers of 25 private colleges in Sulawesi, Indonesia by means of questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis applied to assess the reliability of validity and measurement model. Relationship… 93. Geochemical response to varying tectonic settings: an example from southern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science.gov (United States) Elburg, Marlina A.; Foden, John 1999-04-01 The South arm of Sulawesi was an active continental margin from approximately 60 to 10 Ma, when it collided with the microcontinental fragment of Buton. Pre-collisional samples analyzed for this study are characterized by a geochemical signature typical of arc volcanics: high LILE/HFSE ratios; 87Sr/ 86Sr slightly higher than MORB; 143Nd/ 144Nd ratios similar to MORB. Syn-collisional samples have more enriched isotopic signatures, and are relatively potassium rich. This is interpreted to reflect a larger contribution from subducted sediments, added to the mantle wedge as a silicic melt. Melting of subducted sediments is interpreted to result from a decrease in subduction rate and an increase of temperature in the slab. Magmatism that postdates the collisional event by 10 Ma is characterized by higher Nb/Y ratios than the pre- or syn-collisional samples, and Sr and Nd isotopic signatures intermediate between these two groups. This is likely to reflect melting of a subduction-modified mantle, with a significant contribution from the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Comparison with post-collisional magmatism from other areas of the world suggests that trace element signatures are similar, but isotopic characteristics are variable. The latter are likely to reflect both the age of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle and the time lag between cessation of subduction and formation of the post-collisional magmas. 94. Thanksgiving: Dynamics of Interaction Studies in Inter-Religious Life in Amurang, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Maryam Lamadirisi 2015-04-01 Full Text Available This study aims at elaborating the dynamic of interaction of inter-religious life in Amurang, North Sulawesi during thanksgiving. The People of North Sulawesi who called themselves “Manado People†consist of different ethnics and religions. Their daily life is based on respect for each other. One of the celebration that catch the interest of many Manado and Minahasa people is the thanksgiving celebration (pengucapan. The conclusion related to the focus of this research, are: First, The background of thanksgiving that became a habit of the Amurang, South Minahasa Regency people that lasted until today is based on imitation from what was done by their ancestors that was passed down generation after generation. Thanksgiving has been held since Minahasa People’s ancestors as a manifestation of faith in God in accordance to the people’s comprehension at that time. After Christianity comes, then the faith to God as the almighty shifted to Christian thought that is Jesus Christ. Thus, the meaning of thanksgivingstill the same which is giving gratitude for what God has bestowed, but the foundation itself has shifted. Blessing in the past was focused on crops. Nowadays, blessing is every good thing that was bestowed by God. Second, Thanksgiving ritual in Amurang, South Minahasa Regency, North Celebes Province, is the thanksgiving ritual that held by the Christian Community in Minahasa, but the guest to the meal reception can come from different ethnics and religions. The thanksgiving celebration has two different dimensions. The vertical dimension is the interaction between individuals with their God, in the form of Sunday prayer according to the schedule set, while the horizontal dimension is the interaction between local individuals and their guests who came to celebrate the thanksgiving that marked with meal reception. Third, The social meanings that contained in thanksgiving ritual in Amurang, South Minahasa Regency, North North Sulawesi 95. ANALISIS SEKTOR-SEKTOR EKONOMI DI PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN PERIODE 2007- 2011 OpenAIRE 2013-01-01 2013 This study aims to analyze the developing and underdeveloped sector in the economy region of South Sulawesi province as a study and recommendations in planning economic growth study using secondary data time series (time series) of GDP and the GDP of South Sulawesi province of Indonesia Year 2007 - , 2011. The analytical tool used in this research that Shift Share Analysis. Shift Share Analysis of the results showed that the rapidly growing sectors are electricity, gas and water su... 96. Holocene sea levels and palaeoenvironments, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia: Application of mangrove palynology and the transfer function approach. Science.gov (United States) Engelhart, S. E.; Horton, B. P.; Roberts, D. H.; Milne, G.; Corbett, D. R.; Bryant, C. 2005-12-01 A full understanding of sea-level, ice sheets, ocean circulation, tectonics and regional climate requires observations of relative sea-level change from both near- and far-field locations (regions distant from the major glacial centres). The coastline of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia is a particularly important far-field location as relative sea-level reconstructions give information on the nature and response of materials of the crust. Reconstructions through the Holocene allow modellers to quantify lithospheric thickness and mantle viscosity and establish lateral variations in mantle structure across the continental/oceanic margin; aims not achieved using long records from other far-field locations. These variables are important to modelling the earth's response to future climate and sea-level change and can be applied to locations where Holocene relative sea-level reconstructions are hard to obtain. The study are is located within the Wakatobi Marine National Park, which is 13,900km2 in size and consists of raised Quaternary coral atolls attached to the submerged continental crust of the Tukang Besi block. We have developed a microfossil transfer function to reconstruct former sea level. We have collected contemporary pollen samples from three mangrove transects in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Family Rhizophoraceae and particularly the genus Rhizophora dominate the mangroves of S.E. Sulawesi in line with previous studies from Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. 16 mangrove pollen species were identified within the contemporary samples. The transfer function demonstrates that reconstructions using this dataset can achieve predictions accurate to ± 10 cm. Sea-level observations from Southeast Sulawesi reveal an upward trend of Holocene relative sea level from a minimum of -2.8m 6750 cal yrs BP to the present elevation. Relative sea-level rises rapidly; greater than 1.4 m between 6750 - 5750 cal yrs BP. Thereafter, sea level continues to rise at a steady 97. Drought effects on soil CO efflux in a cacao agroforestry system in Sulawesi, Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) I. Anas 2009-12-01 Full Text Available Climate change induced droughts pose a serious threat to ecosystems across the tropics and sub-tropics, particularly to those areas not adapted to natural dry periods. In order to study the vulnerability of cacao (Theobroma cacao – Gliricidia sepium agroforestry plantations to droughts a large scale throughfall displacement roof was built in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. In this 19-month replicated experiment, we measured soil surface CO2 efflux (soil respiration in three simulated drought plots compared with three adjacent control plots. Soil respiration rates peaked at intermediate soil moisture and decreased under increasingly dry conditions (drought induced, but also decreased when soils became water saturated, as evidenced in control plots. The simulated drought plots exhibited a slight decrease in soil respiration compared to the control plots (average 13% decrease. The strength of the drought effect was spatially variable – while some measurement chamber sites reacted strongly ("responsive" to the decrease in soil water content (up to R2=0.70 (n=11, others did not react at all ("non-responsive" (n=7. The degree of soil CO2 respiration drought response was highest around cacao tree stems and decreased with distance from the stem (R2=0.22. A significant correlation was measured between "responsive" soil respiration chamber sites and sap flux density ratios of cacao (R=0.61 and Gliricidia (R=0.65. Leaf litter CO2 respiration decreased as conditions became drier. During dry periods the litter layer contributed approximately 3–4% of the total CO2 efflux and up to 40% during wet periods. A CO2 flush was recorded during the rewetting phase that lasted for approximately two weeks, during which time accumulated labile carbon stocks mineralized. The net effect on soil CO2 emissions over the duration of the experiment was neutral, control plots respired 11.1±0.5 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, while roof plots respired 10.5±0.5 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. 98. EVALUATION PROGRAM OF REGIONAL TRAINING CENTER (PELATDA) PON XIX SOUTH SULAWESI OpenAIRE Sahabuddin, Sahabuddin 2017-01-01 AbstractThe objective of this research is to evaluate Program Regional Training Center (PELATDA) PON XIX South Sulawesi. This is a qualitative and quantitative research with evaluation approach using Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model. Methods of collecting data in triangulation using questionnaires, interviews, document studies and observation. The result shows that: (1) Context Evaluation: having strong government policies, objectives and targets are well manifested, with an ... 99. EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION THROUGH THE FREE TUITION PROGRAM FOR NEW STUDENTS IN SOUTH SULAWESI OpenAIRE IBRAHIM, MUHAMMAD AKMAL; Aslinda, Aslinda; Ikramullah, Muhammad 2016-01-01 In implementing the mandate of Law No. 32 Year of 2004 on the regional autonomy, particularly in the field of education, the Governor of South Sulawesi Province take immediate measures to launch the policy package program of ???Free Tuition Fee (SPP)??? for two semesters for new students in public or private universities in the province. The purpose of the current study was to describe the "Free Tuition Fee Program" by using the theory of Edward III consisting of how the program is communicat... 100. EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION THROUGH THE FREE TUITION PROGRAM FOR NEW STUDENTS IN SOUTH SULAWESI OpenAIRE IBRAHIM, MUHAMMAD AKMAL 2017-01-01 - In implementing the mandate of Law No. 32 Year of 2004 on the regional autonomy, particularly in the field of education, the Governor of South Sulawesi Province take immediate measures to launch the policy package program of ???Free Tuition Fee (SPP)??? for two semesters for new students in public or private universities in the province. The purpose of the current study was to describe the "Free Tuition Fee Program" by using the theory of Edward III consisting of how the program is commu... « 3 4 5 6 7 » « 4 5 6 7 8 » 101. Origin and geodynamic setting of Late Cenozoic granitoids in Sulawesi, Indonesia Science.gov (United States) Maulana, Adi; Imai, Akira; Van Leeuwen, Theo; Watanabe, Koichiro; Yonezu, Kotaro; Nakano, Takanori; Boyce, Adrian; Page, Laurence; Schersten, Anders 2016-07-01 Late Cenozoic granitoids are widespread in a 1600 km long belt forming the Western and Northern Sulawesi tectono-magmatic provinces. They can be divided into three rock series: shoshonitic (HK), high-K felsic calc-alkaline (CAK), and normal calc-alkaline to tholeiitic (CA-TH). Representative samples collected from eleven plutons, which were subjected to petrography, major element, trace element, Sr, Nd, Pb isotope and whole-rock δ18O analyses, are all I-type and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous. The occurrence of the two K-rich series is restricted to Western Sulawesi, where they formed in an extensional, post-subduction tectonic setting with astenospheric upwelling providing thermal perturbation and adiabatic decompression. Two parental magma sources are proposed: enriched mantle or lower crustal equivalent for HK magmas, and Triassic igneous rocks in a Gondwanaderived fragment thrust beneath the cental and northern parts of Western Sulawesi for CAK magmas. The latter interpretation is based on striking similarities in radiogenic isotope and trace element signatures. CA-TH granitoids are found mostly in Northern Sulawesi. Partial melting of lower-middle crust amphibolites in an active subduction environment is the proposed origin of these rocks. Fractional crystallization and crustal contamination have played a significant role in magma petrogenesis, particularly in the case of the HK and CAK series. Contamination by organic carbon-bearing sedimentary rocks of the HK and CAK granitoids in the central part of Western Sulawesi is suggested by their ilmenite-series (reduced) character. The CAK granitoids further to the north and CA-TH granitoids in Northern Sulawesi are typical magnetite-series (oxidized). This may explain differences in mineralization styles in the two regions. 102. Effect of land use change on ecosystem function of dung beetles: experimental evidence from Wallacea Region in Sulawesi, Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) SHAHABUDDIN 2011-07-01 Full Text Available Shahabuddin (2011 Effect of land use change on ecosystem function of dung beetles: experimental evidence from Wallacea Region in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 12: 177-181. The deforestation of tropical forests and their subsequent conversion to human-dominated land-use systems is one of the most significant causes of biodiversity loss. However clear understanding of the links between ecological functions and biodiversity is needed to evaluate and predict the true environmental consequences of human activities. This study provided experimental evidence comparing ecosystem function of dung beetles across a land use gradient ranging from natural tropical forest and agroforestry systems to open cultivated areas in Central Sulawesi. Therefore, standardized dung pats were exposed at each land-use type to assess dung removal and parasite suppression activity by dung beetles. The results showed that ecosystem function of dung beetles especially dung burial activity were remarkably disrupted by land use changes from natural forest to open agricultural area. Dung beetles presence enhanced about 53% of the total dung removed and reduced about 83% and 63% of fly population and species number respectively, indicating a pronounce contribution of dung beetles in our ecosystem. 103. Ornamental Marine Species Culture in the Coral Triangle: Seahorse Demonstration Project in the Spermonde Islands, Sulawesi, Indonesia Science.gov (United States) Williams, Susan L.; Janetski, Noel; Abbott, Jessica; Blankenhorn, Sven; Cheng, Brian; Crafton, R. Eliot; Hameed, Sarah O.; Rapi, Saipul; Trockel, Dale 2014-12-01 Ornamental marine species (`OMS') provide valuable income for developing nations in the Indo-Pacific Coral Triangle, from which most of the specimens are exported. OMS culture can help diversify livelihoods in the region, in support of management and conservation efforts to reduce destructive fishing and collection practices that threaten coral reef and seagrass ecosystems. Adoption of OMS culture depends on demonstrating its success as a livelihood, yet few studies of OMS culture exist in the region. We present a case study of a land-based culture project for an endangered seahorse ( Hippocampus barbouri) in the Spermonde Islands, Sulawesi, Indonesia. The business model demonstrated that culturing can increase family income by seven times. A Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats (SWOT) analysis indicated good collaboration among diverse stakeholders and opportunities for culturing non-endangered species and for offshoot projects, but complicated permitting was an issue as were threats of market flooding and production declines. The OMS international market is strong, Indonesian exporters expressed great interest in cultured product, and Indonesia is the largest exporting country for H. barbouri. Yet, a comparison of Indonesia ornamental marine fish exports to fish abundance in a single local market indicated that OMS culture cannot replace fishing livelihoods. Nevertheless, seahorse and other OMS culture can play a role in management and conservation by supplementing and diversifying the fishing and collecting livelihoods in the developing nations that provide the majority of the global OMS. 104. Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and predator abundance in irrigated and rain-fed rice fields in north Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science.gov (United States) Mogi, M; Memah, V; Miyagi, I; Toma, T; Sembel, D T 1995-05-01 Immature mosquito species composition and abundance were studied in irrigated and rain-fed rice fields of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Irrigated rice fields were characterized by the prevalence of aquatic macrophytes and cyprinodont larvivorous fish, Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton), but abundance per dip of most aquatic insect predators was lower than that in rain-fed rice fields. Anopheles peditaeniatus (Leicester), Culex vishnui Theobald, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, were dominant in both irrigated and rain-fed fields, but the abundance of the Culex species was lower in irrigated fields. The effect of irrigation system introduction on regional mosquito abundance cannot be evaluated by the enlarged surface water area alone. Changes in habitat quality, expressed as the abundance per dip (index of density per unit water area), also need to be considered. 105. Exploration and Inventory of Araceae Genera in Silui Mountain and Uluisimbone Forest, Kolaka Regency, South-East Sulawesi Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) BRAMANTYO TRI ADI NUGROHO 2008-10-01 Full Text Available The island of Sulawesi has been highlighted as a globally important conservation area, across a range of evaluation criteria. Collection rates on the Sulawesi island are the lowest among in Indonesia area. Taxonomic study also has been limited, with most experts reporting large numbers of undescribed species. The research of Araceae diversity in Sulawesi is subject which in general has not been studied critically. The main purpose of this research is concerned to inventory the diversity of Araceae genera. The exploration was conducted in each location used exploring method. The Araceae genera in Silui mountain and Uluisimbone forest consist of 30 numbers, 24 species and 14 genera, including into 3 sub families (Aroideae, Monsteroideae and Photoideae. Mostly Araceae were found at humid location, the river flows. Schismatoglottis calyptrata Zoll.&Mor. and Aglaonema simplex Bl. are dominant species for terrestrial Araceae, where as Scindapsus spp. and Pothoidium spp. are dominant species for climbing Araceae. 106. Stability of rain forest margin areas in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia (Storma) NARCIS (Netherlands) Keßler, P.J.A. 2002-01-01 The German Research Council (DFG) supports an extensive interdisciplinary research programme to be implemented in the area of the Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. The first phase of the programme is scheduled for 3 years (July 2000-June 2003). Up to four successive phases of 3 years’ dura 107. Geochemistry of Selected Coal Samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia

Science.gov (United States) Belkin, Harvey E.; Tewalt, Susan J. 2007-01-01 Introduction Indonesia is an archipelago of more than 17,000 islands that stretches astride the equator for about 5,200 km in southeast Asia (figure 1) and includes major Cenozoic volcano-plutonic arcs, active volcanoes, and various related onshore and offshore basins. These magmatic arcs have extensive Cu and Au mineralization that has generated much exploration and mining in the last 50 years. Although Au and Ag have been mined in Indonesia for over 1000 years (van Leeuwen, 1994), it was not until the middle of the nineteenth century that the Dutch explored and developed major Sn and minor Au, Ag, Ni, bauxite, and coal resources. The metallogeny of Indonesia includes Au-rich porphyry Cu, porphyry Mo, skarn Cu-Au, sedimentary-rock hosted Au, epithermal Au, laterite Ni, and diamond deposits. For example, the Grasberg deposit in Papua has the world's largest gold reserves and the third-largest copper reserves (Sillitoe, 1994). Coal mining in Indonesia also has had a long history beginning with the initial production in 1849 in the Mahakam coal field near Pengaron, East Kalimantan; in 1891 in the Ombilin area, Sumatra, (van Leeuwen, 1994); and in South Sumatra in 1919 at the Bukit Asam mine (Soehandojo, 1989). Total production from deposits in Sumatra and Kalimantan, from the 19thth century to World War II, amounted to 40 million metric tons (Mt). After World War II, production declined due to various factors including politics and a boom in the world-wide oil economy. Active exploration and increased mining began again in the 1980's mainly through a change in Indonesian government policy of collaboration with foreign companies and the global oil crises (Prijono, 1989). This recent coal revival (van Leeuwen, 1994) has lead Indonesia to become the largest exporter of thermal (steam) coal and the second largest combined thermal and metallurgical (coking) coal exporter in the world market (Fairhead and others, 2006). The exported coal is desirable as it is low sulfur 108. IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI SUFISME TAREKAT NAQSYABANDIYAH DI SULAWESI SELATAN Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Hadarah Rajab 2015-04-01 Full Text Available For Muslims, especially those who are interested in sufism, Naqsabandiya sufi order is of special interest due to its important position in society. This is also because the great influence that this sufi order has played in the Islamic world, especially in Indonesia, India, China and Middle East. In Indonesia, this sufi order has spread throughout the islands, including in South Celebes. One of the great teacher of this sufi order came from this region, namely Syaikh Yusuf al-Makassari. He was believed to be the first to introduce this sufi in Indonesia. This essay attempts to explain the method of essential teaching developed in this sufi order, as this is practiced by people in South Celebes. It also traces the sufi’s historical background and expounds the ways in which it influences people’s social life, including in the fields of worship and human relations. Abstrak: Di kalangan kaum muslim, khususnya yang memiliki ketertarikan dengan dunia sufi, keberadaan tarekat Naqsyabandiyah memiliki kedudukan istimewa. Hal itu antara lain disebabkan karena besarnya pengaruh ajaran tarekat itu di dunia Islam, terutama di wilayah-wilayah Indonesia, India, Cina, dan negara-negara Timur Tengah. Di Indonesia pengaruh ajaran tarekat ini tersebar hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia, termasuk di wilayah Sulawesi Selatan. Bahkan bagi masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan, keberadaan tarekat Naqsyabandiyah mempunyai kedudukan penting karena keberadaannya dikaitkan dengan ulama besar dari wilayah ini yaitu Syaikh Yusuf al-Makassari. Syaikh Yusuf diyakini sebagai orang pertama yang memperkenalkan tarekat Naqsyabandiyah di Indonesia. Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang bagaimana metode memperoleh nilai fundamental yang dikembangkan dalam tarekat Naqsyabandiyah. Secara khusus juga akan dikaji ajaran yang dipraktikkan oleh masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan. Alur historisnya di Sulawesi Selatan, dan apa manfaat secara praktis yang dapat mempengaruhi kehidupan sosial masyarakat 109. Geochemistry of Selected Coal Samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia Science.gov (United States) Belkin, Harvey E.; Tewalt, Susan J. 2007-01-01 Introduction Indonesia is an archipelago of more than 17,000 islands that stretches astride the equator for about 5,200 km in southeast Asia (figure 1) and includes major Cenozoic volcano-plutonic arcs, active volcanoes, and various related onshore and offshore basins. These magmatic arcs have extensive Cu and Au mineralization that has generated much exploration and mining in the last 50 years. Although Au and Ag have been mined in Indonesia for over 1000 years (van Leeuwen, 1994), it was not until the middle of the nineteenth century that the Dutch explored and developed major Sn and minor Au, Ag, Ni, bauxite, and coal resources. The metallogeny of Indonesia includes Au-rich porphyry Cu, porphyry Mo, skarn Cu-Au, sedimentary-rock hosted Au, epithermal Au, laterite Ni, and diamond deposits. For example, the Grasberg deposit in Papua has the world's largest gold reserves and the third-largest copper reserves (Sillitoe, 1994). Coal mining in Indonesia also has had a long history beginning with the initial production in 1849 in the Mahakam coal field near Pengaron, East Kalimantan; in 1891 in the Ombilin area, Sumatra, (van Leeuwen, 1994); and in South Sumatra in 1919 at the Bukit Asam mine (Soehandojo, 1989). Total production from deposits in Sumatra and Kalimantan, from the 19thth century to World War II, amounted to 40 million metric tons (Mt). After World War II, production declined due to various factors including politics and a boom in the world-wide oil economy. Active exploration and increased mining began again in the 1980's mainly through a change in Indonesian government policy of collaboration with foreign companies and the global oil crises (Prijono, 1989). This recent coal revival (van Leeuwen, 1994) has lead Indonesia to become the largest exporter of thermal (steam) coal and the second largest combined thermal and metallurgical (coking) coal exporter in the world market (Fairhead and others, 2006). The exported coal is desirable as it is low sulfur 110. The impact of the warm phase of ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation events on water resource availability of tropical catchments in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) C. Leemhuis 2006-01-01 Full Text Available Precipitation anomalies caused by the warm phase (El Niño of the ENSO cycle lead to a strong decrease of water resources in South-East Asia. The aim of this work is to study the impact of warm phase ENSO caused precipitation anomalies on the water balance of a mesoscale tropical catchment in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia using a scenario analysis. We applied statistically generated precipitation anomalies caused by warm phase ENSO events on a validated hydrological model of the Palu River catchment (2694 km2 to investigate the implications of the generated ENSO scenarios on the total annual water balance, the annual discharge regime and the discharge variability. Moreover we analysed the influence of various catchment characteristics during warm phase ENSO conditions on the discharge variability through a comparison of different sub-catchment types. The results of the scenario analysis proved a severe decline of the annual discharge rate during warm phase ENSO conditions and an increase of the overall discharge variability. 111. Sediment characteristic on hydropower plant Bakaru, South Sulawesi Science.gov (United States) Firman, Yunus, A. M. Shiddiq; Yunus, M. Yusuf 2017-01-01 This research is aimed to determine the distributed sediment composition and its size particle impact on flow profile in the pipe. The sediment sample is collected from Hydropower Plant's dam located at Bakaru Sulawesi Selatan. The sample is dried in the oven then steered up using a screen with 0.25; 0.5; and 0.75 mm. Sediment identification is measured using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrophotometer (XRF). The assessment of flow type in the pipe with five flow rate variation for every single sediment diameter is assessed in Fluid Measurement Laboratory under Mechanical Engineering Department, State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang. As a result of steered up processed, it is obtained that the sediment distribution with diameter of ø = 0.25 mm is 55.80%; for ø = 0.5 mm is 7.91%; and ø = 0.75 mm is 36.29%. From FTIR test, it is obtained the spectra with wave number of 466.77; 536.14; 644.22; 694.37; 788.89; 912.33; 1006.77; 1031.92; and 105.21 cm-1. From XRF assessment, it can be obtained that composition of SiO2 is 53.64%, Al2O3 is 22.93%, Fe2O3 is 9.24%, MgO is 4.0%, K2O is 3.84%, Na2O is 2.4%, CaO is 1.71%, and TiO2 is 1.06%. From the flow profile assessment, it obtains Reynolds number is lesser than 500 for these three particle diameters variation. It can be concluded that sediment characteristic consists of fine sand about 55.80% and coarse sand about 44.20%, where SiO2 dominates it by about 53.64% where flow in the pipe shown the laminar type. 112. MALAYAN FILARIASIS IN THE TRANSMIGRATION SETTLEMENTS OF PARIGI, CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Arbain Joesoef M.D. 2012-09-01 Full Text Available Salah satu program dari Rencana PemÂbangunan Nasional Lima tahun adalah peningÂkatan dan perluasan usaha pertanian, terutama didaerah subur dan berpenduduk tipis di SuÂmatera, Kalimantan dan Sulawesi yang disertai dengan pelaksanaan usaha transmigrasi kedaerah ini dari daerah berpenduduk padat Jawa, MaduÂra, Bali dan Lombok. Untuk mengetahui keadaan fllariasis diÂdaerah tersebut pertama ini, maka dalam bulan April 1972 telah diperiksa 240 transmigran dari Bali dan 282 penduduk Sulawesi yang hidup berdampingan dalam dua kampung yang terÂpencil yaitu Tanalanto dan Masi didistrik Parigi, Sulawesi Tengah. Parigi dikenal endemis terhadap fllariasis sedangÂkan di Bali dimana transmigran berasal, tidak dilaporkan adanya penyakit ini. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat di-kemukakan : daerah transmigrasi Parigi, Sulawesi TeÂngah adalah endemis terhadap fllariasis yang disebabkan oleh Brugia malayi, peÂriodik nokturna.timbulnya fllariasis diantara transmigran berhubungan erat dengan lamanya mereÂka berada didaerah endemis inibaik pada transmigran maupun pada penÂduduk asli, tidak nyata adanya perbedaan frekwensi penyakit menurut jenis kelamin.(4       Frekwensi penyakit ini pada transmigran terlihat menonjol pada golongan umur 10-49 tahun, sedangkan pada penduduk asli pada semua golongan umur.walaupun keadaan intensitas infeksi dari penyakit ini pada kedua golongan penÂduduk di Tanalanto, hampir sama, namun pada transmigran terdapat dengan microÂfilaraemia dan dengan gejala klinis fllaÂriasis yang lebih ringan dibanding dengan penduduk asli. 113. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE PALM FLORA OF THE LORE LINDU NATIONAL PARK, CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) JOHANIS P. MOGEA 2002-01-01 Full Text Available The population size, structure, a nd composition of the palm flora in a 1350 m by 20 m rectangular plot in Gunung Potong and a 1500 m by 20 m rectangular plot in Tongoa were measured. The total palm species from both plots numbered 33 represented by 8 genera. Eight species, namely Calamus omatus var. celebicus, Pinanga caesia, Arenga pinnata, Daemonorops sp.3. Calamus didymocarpus. Calamus sp.4 (rapid spines, Caryota mitis, andAreca vestiaria have relatively high frequency values ranging from 5.46% to 10.66%. In addition, palm specimens previously collected from the park were examined at Herbarium Bogoriense to set up a preliminary checklist. So far, the national park is recorded as having 48 palm species represented by 11 genera which give figures of about 68% species and 58% genera of the total native Sulawesi palm flora. Though the number of endemic palms in Sulawesi is high (72%, namely 51 out of total native 71 species, only two species are locally endemic to Central Sulawesi namely Gronophyllum sarasinorum and Pinanga sp. nov. 1 (longirachilla. So far only the latter species is endemic to the national park. 114. The Potential of Laterite Soils Deposit South Sulawesi as a Precursor for Na-Poly (Ferro-Sialate Geopolymers Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Subaer 2017-01-01 Full Text Available The main objectives of this study was to investigate the potential of lateritic soils deposit South Sulawesi, Indonesia as a precursor for Na-poly(ferro-sialate geopolymers. The samples of laterite soils were taken from three different regions, namely Sidrap, Bone, and Gowa regency. The soil was clean, grounded, sieves 200 mesh, and dehydroxylated at 750oC for 2 hours. The x-ray fluorescence (XRF and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS were used to examine the chemical compositions of the soils. The geopolymers was synthesized through alkali activation method by adjusting the molar oxide ratios of SiO2/(Al2O3+Fe2O3, Na2O/SiO2 and H2O/Na2O in accordance with the chemical compositions of the soils. The functional groups of the resulting geopolymers were examined by using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR. The structure and phase of the resulting material were studied by using x-ray diffraction (XRD. The surface morphology of geopolymers was studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM. The mechanical strength of the materials was examined through compressive strength measurement. The results of this study showed that high strength Na-poly (ferro-sialate geopolymers were successfully produced and characterized. 115. Carbon and water fluxes above a cacao plantation in Sulawesi, Indonesia Science.gov (United States) Falk, U.; Ibrom, A. 2003-04-01 The investigation of interactions between biosphere and atmosphere of the major land use types of the tropical rain forest margin area in South East Asia and quantification of the impact that land use change from undisturbed primary rain forest to pasture has on these interactions is task of subprogramme B1 within the DFG-funded project STORMA (Stability of Rain Forest Margins). In order to fulfill the projects tasks the different major land use types have to be investigated and each ecosystem characterized one by one and compared to a reference site in an undisturbed primary rain forest, to see the changes in the atmosphere-biospheric interactions, i. e. in water and carbon household, with land use change and thus the impact on regional climate. One of the major land use types in the valleys around the Lore Lindu National Park on Sulawesi are Cacao plantations, Theobroma cacao. A site in the Palolo valley near the village Nopu was chosen as research site since the area there is covered with small Cacao fields which form to one big area of Cacao and matches the requirements of the applied research approach. Since Cacao trees need to be shaded especially when younger, shadow trees had been planted and trees of the former forest had been left standing to serve as wind breaks and sun shades. The plantations in Nopu, Palolo valley, consist not only of fields of cultivated Cacao, but also serve as environment and home to the farmers and their families. The whole area of Cacao plantation is interspersed with wooden farm houses, which are also sources of carbon dioxide due to cooking or small power plants etc. and thus have to be taken into account when looking at the carbon household of this specific ecosystem. An estimation of the components of the carbon and water household and the contribution of the humans living within this environment to the carbon household of Cacao plantations of this ecosystem is subject of this presentation. From December 2001 until April 2002 116. The Dynamics of Islamic Calligraphy Teaching and Learning in South Sulawesi Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Abd. Aziz Ahmad 2016-06-01 Full Text Available This is a library research studying data collected from library as well as interviews which were then analysed by means of description, arrangement, and interpretation. The result shows that Islamic calligraphy teaching and learning was introduced at the same time as the arrival of Islam in South Sulawesi in 1600s by three Islamic clerics. Pesantren was the main place for such teaching conducted through traditional method in which teacher exemplified handwritten Islamic calligraphy on board then students reproduced the example on paper. The results were then assessed by the teacher. In several Universities in Makassar, such as at Makassar State University (UNM and State Islamic University (UIN Alauddin Makassar, Khat (calligraphy is taught through lecture, demonstration, and assignment. The teachings are performed in class using some media, such as video recording, audio recording, material from the internet, etc. One of calligraphy course institution in South Sulawesi is Lekfiah which was established in 2002. However, this institution experiences decline since the teachers are not fully engaged in managing the teaching. One type of Islamic calligraphy painting technique can be explained over four steps, 1 making basic pattern in form of infinity line, 2 creating background, 3 adding Islamic calligraphy text, and 4 finishing. 117. Bacteriological Study of the Marine Water in the Coastal of the North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Lies Indah Sutiknowati 2006-11-01 Full Text Available The main objective of this research was to study the marine bacteriology of the coast of North Sulawesi. The study was accomplished by calculating the abundance of coliform, heterotrophic, and pathogenic bacteria, and analyzing the coexistence relationship between bacteria and phytoplanktons. This research, which included the sampling and laboratory works, has been carried out on 25 - 28 October, 2000. The results suggested that the abundance of each bacteria was as follows: coliform bacteria range between 227-5940 cfu/100 ml with averages 1814.1 cfu/100 ml, found in all stations; heterotrophic bacteria range between (1-82 x 103 cfu/ml with averages 12.1 x 103 cfu/ml, it was high density and has association with phytoplankton Trichodesmium thieubautii. It was also found 6 species of pathogen bacteria e.g. Aeromonas, Citrobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Yersinia and Shigella. The presence of coliform and pathogen bacteria was indicator of low quality of the seawater in the sampling area. Based on bacteriological study, the North Sulawesi Coastal is not suitable for aquaculture and need treatment and controlled for further coastal exploitation. 118. An Overview on the Possibility of Scandium and REE Occurrence in Sulawesi, Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Adi Maulana 2016-08-01 Full Text Available The development in modern-high technology application is growing rapidly, resulting in the constant supply of critical metal and rare earth elements (REE. Currently, resources of these elements are restricted and new source of these elements need to be discovered accordingly. Scandium (Sc as one of critical metals is an important metal for electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells and other advance technology. In addition, REE are the important elements in the use of permanent magnets and rechargeable batteries. This manuscript reports an overview on the possibility of scandium and rare earth element occurrences in Sulawesi. Sc is concentrated in limonite layers in Soroako ultramafic rocks as a result of Fe3+ site substitution of mafic minerals (pyroxene, amphibole, etc. during a laterization process. REE are enriched in association with clay minerals in B horizon from heavily weathered granitic rocks in Palu and Masamba, suggesting the possibility of ion-adsorption style mineralization. The lateritic soil of the ultramafic rocks and the weathered crusts of the granitic rocks in Sulawesi could be the potential sources of scandium and rare earth elements, respectively. 119. Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements (REE) in the Weathered Crusts from the Granitic Rocks in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Adi Maulana; Kotaro Yonezu; Koichiro Watanabe 2014-01-01 We report for the first time the geochemistry of rare earth elements (REE) in the weath-ered crusts of I-type and calc-alkaline to high-K (shoshonitic) granitic rocks at Mamasa and Palu re-gion, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. The weathered crusts can be divided into horizon A (lateritic profile) and B (weathered horizon). Quartz, albite, kaolinite, halloysite and montmorrilonite prevail in the weathered crust. Both weathered profiles show that the total REE increased from the parent rocks to the horizon B but significantly decrease toward the upper part (horizon A). LREE are enriched toward the upper part of the profile as shown by La/YbN value. However, HREE concentrations are high in horizon B1 in Palu profile. The total REE content of the weathered crust are relatively elevated com-pared to the parent rocks, particularly in the lower part of horizon B in Mamasa profile and in horizon B2 in Palu profile. This suggests that REE-bearing accessory minerals may be resistant against weath-ering and may remain as residual phase in the weathered crusts. The normalized isocon diagram shows that the mass balance of major and REE components between each horizon in Mamasa and Palu weathering profile are different. The positive Ce anomaly in the horizon A of Mamasa profile indicated that Ce is rapidly precipitated during weathering and retain at the upper soil horizon. 120. From low to high fertility in Sulawesi (Indonesia) during the colonial period: explaining the 'first fertility transition'. Science.gov (United States) Henley, David 2006-11-01 This paper examines the past transition from low to high fertility which, in Indonesia as elsewhere, preceded the return to lower birth rates. Data from two parts of the island of Sulawesi where fertility rose during the colonial period are used to explain both why it rose, and why it was originally low. Economic conditions, it is argued, were the most important factors, affecting fertility via the supply of income and the demand for labour. Two schematic models of the 'first fertility transition' are proposed. In areas with low population densities and area-extensive forms of agriculture responsive to commercial stimuli, birth rates rose as the growth of commerce raised levels of prosperity, facilitated marriage, and undermined institutions such as debt-slavery which had previously acted to restrict marital fertility. In densely populated areas with labour-intensive agriculture and heavy state taxation in labour, fertility rose in response to demands for women's (and possibly child) labour that did not necessarily lead to gains in income. « 4 5 6 7 8 » « 5 6 7 8 9 » 121. Symbiotic association between Solanderia secunda (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Solanderiidae) and Medioantenna variopinta sp. nov. (Annelida, Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from North Sulawesi (Indonesia) Science.gov (United States) di Camillo, Cristina Gioia; Martin, Daniel; Britayev, Temir A. 2011-12-01 A mimic scale-worm was found associated with the athecate hydroid Solanderia secunda, commonly found on reefs of the NW coast of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The species resembled Medioantenna clavata Imajima 1997, which was originally described without any reference to a symbiotic mode of life and later reported to be living on a solanderiid hydroid both in Japanese waters. A detailed morphological analysis led us to consider the Indonesian specimens as a new species, namely Medioantenna variopinta sp. nov., which is congeneric with the Japanese species. The new species differs from the type material of M. clavata as it has elytra with one prominent finger-like papilla and all neurochaetae with unidentate tip, instead of an elytral lump and both unidentate and bidentate neurochaetae on segment two. In turn, the Japanese worms associated with Solanderia are here referred to our new species. Two morphological features in M. variopinta sp. nov. are rather unusual among scale-worms. One of them is its extremely high level of bilateral asymmetry and antero-posterior variability in elytral distribution and the other one is its elongated, upwardly directed nephridial papillae. The morphology and geographical distribution of the host together with the known characteristics of the symbiotic association have also been highlighted.

122. The Metamorphic Rocks-Hosted Gold Mineralization At Rumbia Mountains Prospect Area In The Southeastern Arm of Sulawesi Island, Indonesia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Hasria Hasria 2017-09-01 Full Text Available Recently, in Indonesia gold exploration activities are not only focused along volcanic-magmatic belts, but also starting to shift along metamorphic and sedimentary terrains. The study area is located in Rumbia mountains, Bombana Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This paper is aimed to describe characteristics of alteration and ore mineralization associated with metamorphic rock-related gold deposits. The study area is found the placer and primary gold hosted by metamorphic rocks. The gold is evidently derived from gold-bearing quartz veins hosted by Pompangeo Metamorphic Complex (PMC. These quartz veins are currently recognized in metamorphic rocks at Rumbia Mountains. The quartz veins are mostly sheared/deformed, brecciated, irregular vein, segmented and relatively massive and crystalline texture with thickness from 1 cm to 15.7 cm. The wallrock are generally weakly altered. Hydrothermal alteration types include sericitization, argillic, inner propylitic, propylitic, carbonization and carbonatization. There some precious metal identified consist of native gold and ore mineralization including pyrite (FeS2, chalcopyrite (CuFeS2, hematite (Fe2O3, cinnabar (HgS, stibnite (Sb2S3 and goethite (FeHO2. The veins contain erratic gold in various grades from below detection limit

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