Idea Transcript
WikiVisually
the entire wiki with video and photo galleries find something interesting to watch in seconds
TOP LISTS / VIDEOS · VIDEO PICKER · LANGUAGE
Search Wikipedia
Like 14K
Sriwijaya Kingdom Archaeological Park [show article only]
hover over links in text for more info
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [show wikipedia page here]
Jump to: navigation, search
The main pavilion in Palembang Limasan traditional architecture in the middle of Nangka island. The pavilion hosts a replica of Kedukan Bukit Inscription. Srivijaya archaeological park (Indonesian: Taman Purbakala Kerajaan Sriwijaya), formerly known as Karanganyar archaeological site, is the ancient remnants of a garden and habitation area near the northern bank of Musi river within Palembang vicinity, South Sumatra, Indonesia.[1] Remnants of ancient man-made canals, moats, ponds and artificial islands discovered in this area suggests the site was related with a 9th-century settlement related the Srivijaya empire.[2] Several artifacts, such as Buddhist statues, beads, pottery and Chinese ceramics were found in this area, confirming the area was once a dense human habitation.
Contents 1 Archaeological site 2 History 3 Archaeological findings 4 See also 5 Reference 6 Cited works
Archaeological site
Kedukan Bukit Inscription – It is the oldest surviving specimen of the Malay language, in a form known as Old Malay. It is a stone of 45 by 80 cm. This inscription is dated the year 11,02,605 Saka and these inscriptions were written in a sister system of Vatteluttu and Grantha called the Pallava alphabet, developed by ancient Tamils to write Tamil and contain numerous Sanskri
1. The Inscription picture. Indonesian language – Indonesian is the official language of Indonesia. It is a register of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world, of its large population, the majority speak Indonesian, making it one of the most widely spok
1. Traffic sign in Indonesia. 2. Indonesian is official language in Indonesia, used in all aspects, such as education. Ujian Nasional (national examination) is written in Indonesian and the language itself is one of the examination subjects. 3. Indonesian is also the language of Indonesian mass media, such as magazines. Printed and broadcast mass media are encouraged to use proper Indonesian, although more relaxed popular slang often prevails. Musi River (Indonesia) – The Musi River is located in southern Sumatra, Indonesia. It is about 750 kilometers long, and drains most of South Sumatra province, after flowing through Palembang, the provincial capital, it joins with the several other rivers, including the Banyuasin River, to form a delta near the city of Sungsang. The river, dredged to a depth of about 6, the
Srivijaya Archaeological Park located Southwest from Palembang city center (green). The site forming an axis connecting Bukit Seguntang and Musi River. The archaeological park is located in Jalan Syakhyakirti, Kelurahan Karanganyar, Kecamatan Gandus, Palembang,[1] on an alluvial plain of the Musi River near its junction with the Ogan and Kramasan rivers. [clarification needed] Before the archeological excavation of the site in the late 1980s, the site of Karanganyar was thought to be a potential site for a Srivijayan political power center. However, immediately after the first excavations, the site, with its waterways, reservoirs, and "floating islands" (balai kambang) was thought to be more related with the site of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II, early 19th-century leader of the Palembang Sultanate. Mahmud Badaruddin II had acquired the land and had started developing the area, probably to prepare his own burial ground, following a Palembang tradition in which the burial of the members of the royal family were to be done on site surrounded by water flowing into the Musi River.[3] Karanganyar site had indeed been occupied in Srivijayan times, mainly in the 9th-century, however the only traces left of this period are a scatter of surface finds of contemporary artifacts e.g. Chinese ceramics, a few layers of ancient brick wall, and possibly one ancient canal. So far, archaeologists has found nothing in the site that can legitimately assign the Karanganyar site to the Srivijayan dynasty instead of to the Palembang Sultanate.[3] Other archaeological sites to Karanganyar that is related with the 7th - 15th centuries Srivijayan dynasty are the Kambang Unglen, Padang Kapas, Ladang Sirap and Bukit Seguntang, and still for a variety of reasons, identification of confirmed archaeological sites of the Srivijayan period remains ambiguous.[4]
1. Ampera Bridge over the Musi River 2. The Musi River by Palembang 3. The Musi River and Palembang Palembang – Palembang is the second-largest city on Sumatra island after Medan and the capital city of the South Sumatra province in Indonesia. It is one of the oldest cities in the Malay Archipelago, Palembang is located on the Musi River banks on the east coast of southern Sumatra, with a land area of 369.22 square kilometres and a population of 1,708,413 pe
Seven canals connected the three sub-sites. Canal 1, identified by locals as Parit Suak Bujang, is the largest and longest, measuring 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) long and 25–30 meters (82–98 ft) wide with both ends connected to the Musi river. The 1.6-kilometer (0.99 mi) long canal 2 is parallel with canal 1, located south of the Karanganyar 1 and 3 sites. The west end of canal 2 ends in the Karanganyar 2 site, while the east end connects to the Musi river. Canal 1 and Canal 2 are connected by the 700-meter (2,300 ft) long canal 3 that runs along the north-south axis located between sub-sites 1 and 3. Parallel to canal 3 are canal 4 and 5 located west of sub-site 1 with their south ends connecting to canal 2. There are two canals, canal 6 and 7, that connect canal 2 with the Musi river in the south side.
History Aerial photographs taken in 1984 revealed the canal network span in the Karanganyar site, confirming some ancient landscape modifications and man-made water structures. The canals compound is located not far from the location where the Kedukan Bukit Inscription was discovered. Moreover, the Karanganyar site is located not far from Bukit Seguntang, the highest point of Palembang, which is also an important archaeological site containing some archaeological fragments; inscriptions, ancient tombs, as well as an Amaravati-style statue of Buddha. The government of South Sumatra province renovated the site to create an archaeological park, and the completion of the park construction was overseen on 22 December 1994 by Indonesian president Suharto.[1] The archaeological park also hosts the Srivijaya Museum, which serves as the information center of Srivijayan history and sites in Palembang.[5][6] In the center of this site there is a pavilion constructed in Limasan Palembang traditional architecture that contains the replica of the Kedukan Bukit inscription placed in a glass case. The inscription tells the Siddhayatra journey of Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa, considered as the establishment of Srivijayan empire. After having been established for more than a decade, the Srivijaya archaeological park has not fulfilled its expected function as the center of information and education as well as tourist attraction. Because of the lack of information and promotion and poor maintenance, most of the Palembang citizen are unaware of its existence and its function as the center of information about Srivijayan sites in Palembang. All this time both the local government and the people have paid little attention to this archaeological park.[5] Today, the archaeological park is poorly maintained and only attract a few of visitors.[7]
1. From top left, clockwise: Kemaro Island Pagoda, Benteng Kuto Besak, Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium, Grand Mosque of Palembang, Ampera Bridge. 2. Local elders of Palembang during colonial period. 3. The walled city of Palembang with its three fortresses in 1682. 4. SEA GAMES XXVI 2011 opening ceremony held in Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium, Palembang in 11 November 2011 South Sumatra – South Sumatra Province is a province of Indonesia. It is located in the part of Sumatra Island, east of the Bukit Barisan Mountains. It spans 91,592.43 km2 and had a population of 7,450,394 at the 2010 Census, the capital of the province is Palembang. South Sumatra has been settled by humans since the Palaeolithic era, the evidence of those settlem
The Karanganyar site elevation is less than 2 meters (6 ft 7 in) from the surface of Musi river. Located around 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) southwest from Palembang city center or south from Seguntang hill, the site can be accessed with public transportation heading to Tangga Batu. The site consists of three sub-sites: Karanganyar 1, 2, and 3. The largest site, Karanganyar 1, takes the plan of a rectangular pond measuring 623 by 325 meters (2,044 ft × 1,066 ft). In the center of the pond are two artificial islands: Nangka (462 by 325 meters (1,516 ft × 1,066 ft)) and Cempaka (40 by 40 meters (130 ft × 130 ft)). Moats measuring (15 by 1,190 meters (49 ft × 3,904 ft)) surround Nangka island. Sub-site Karanganyar 2, southwest of the main pond, takes the plan of a small pond with a small square artificial island measuring (40 by 40 meters (130 ft × 130 ft)). Sub-site Karanganyar 3 is a pond located east of Karanganyar 1 measuring 60 by 60 meters (200 ft × 200 ft).
1. Grand Mosque, Palembang 2. Relics found in Kotaraya Lembak Megalithic Site Indonesia – Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the worlds largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At 1,904,569 square kilometres, Indonesia is
1. A Borobudur ship carved on Borobudur, c. 800 CE. Indonesian outrigger boats may have made trade voyages to the east coast of Africa as early as the 1st century CE. 2. Flag 3. The nutmeg plant is native to Indonesia's Banda Islands. 4. Tan Malaka, Indonesian philosopher, guerilla, and national hero. Srivijaya – Srivijaya was a dominant thalassocratic city-state based on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia. Srivijaya was an important centre for the expansion of Buddhism from the 8th to the 12th century, Srivijaya was the first unified kingdom to dominate much of Malay archipelago. In Sanskrit, śrī means fortunate, pros
1. Talang Tuwo inscription, discovered in Bukit Seguntang area, tell the establishment of sacred Śrīksetra park. 2. The maximum extent of Srivijaya around 8th century with series of Srivijayan expeditions and conquest 3. Candi Gumpung, a Buddhist temple at the Muaro Jambi Temple Compounds of the Melayu Kingdom, later integrated as one of Srivijaya's important urban centre. 4. The construction of the Borobudur completed under the reign of Samaratunga of Sailendra dynasty. Bukit Seguntang – Bukit Seguntang is a 29–30 metres high small hill located at the northern bank of Musi River and within the vicinity of Palembang, capital city of South Sumatra province, Indonesia. It is located around 3 kilometres north from Musi river northern bank, the place is considered sacred by the locals and home of many archeological relics believed to be
Archaeological findings
Cempaka island, an artificial island in the middle of a pond. Artifact findings discovered in this area revealed the everyday life of its inhabitants, such as colorful beads, amber, ropes made from arenga pinnata fibers, brick structure, Chinese ceramics, pottery, and the remnant of a wooden ship. Most of these findings were discovered during the construction of the archaeological park. Reconstruction of pottery and ceramics fragments revealed daily domestic objects such as a vase, water vessel, bowl, plate, stove, clay pot, and roof. These domestic artifacts suggest the area was once a dense human habitation. The water structures such as canals, ponds and artificial islands also confirm human habitation for long periods. The people that once inhabited the area probably built these canals for water drainage to prevent flooding as well as water transportation to connect the Musi River with inland areas. Between 1985 and 1989 archaeological excavation was conducted and discovered fragments of pottery, ceramics, beads, and brick structure. The Chinese ceramics discovered here are dated from Tang, Sung, Yuan and Qing dynasties, spanning the 7th to 19th centuries. Excavation in Cempaka island revealed a brick structure buried 30 centimetres (12 in) deep with east-west axis. Other than canals and the small brick structure, there are no significant building or temple ruins discovered on this site. Archaeology experts suggest the lack of building ruins is because the site is located near a large river surrounded by tropical rainforest with no stone quarry near the area. As the result the temple, palace, and houses were probably built from wood and bricks, organic materials that easily decay and were destroyed by frequent flooding of the river and humidity in less than 200 years.[8]
1. A statue of Buddha, discovered in Bukit Seguntang archaeological site, Palembang. 2. Talang Tuwo inscription. discovered in Bukit Seguntang area 3. The tombs complex of local revered figures, on the center is the tomb of Panglima Tuan Junjungan. Mahmud Badaruddin II
1. Sultan Mahmud Badarudin II featured in the 10,000-rupiah banknote. Aerial photograph – Aerial photography is the taking of photographs of the ground from an elevated/direct-down position. Usually the camera is not supported by a ground-based structure, mounted cameras may be triggered remotely or automatically, hand-held photographs may be taken by a photographer. Aerial photography should not be confused with air-to-air photography,
See also Bukit Seguntang archaeological park Trowulan Borobudur archaeological park
Reference 1. ^ a b c Indonesia Travel. "Taman Purbakala Kerajaan Sriwijaya" (in Indonesian). Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Republik Indonesia. Retrieved 2011-12-02. 2. ^ "S. Sumatra to hold Sriwijaya Festival". The Jakarta Post. Palembang. June 14, 2014.
1. Aerial photography of the Great Mosque of Kairouan, in Tunisia. 2. Laguna Beach, CA. 3. Air photo of a military target used to evaluate the effect of bombing. 4. Honoré Daumier, "Nadar élevant la Photographie à la hauteur de l'Art" (Nadar elevating Photography to Art), published in Le Boulevard, May 25, 1862. Suharto – Suharto was the second President of Indonesia, holding the office for 31 years from the ousting of Sukarno in 1967 until his resignation in 1998. Suharto was born in a village, Kemusuk, in the Godean area near the city of Yogyakarta. He grew up in humble circumstances and his Javanese Muslim parents divorced not long after his birth, and he was pas
3. ^ a b Manguin 2008, p. 4. 4. ^ Miksic 2001, p. 55. 5. ^ a b Nurhadi Rangkuti (2009-10-24). "Taman Purbakala Kerajaan Sriwijaya Sebagai Pusat Informasi Sriwijaya" (in Indonesian). Balai Pelestarian Peninggalan Purbakala (BP3) Jambi Wilayah Kerja Propinsi Jambi, Sumatera Selatan, Bengkulu, dan Kepulauan BangkaBelitung. Retrieved 2011-12-02. 6. ^ palembangnews.com. "Taman Purbakala Kerajaan Sriwijaya" (in Indonesian). Media Center Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kota Palembang. Retrieved 2011-12-02. 7. ^ "Taman Purbakala Kerajaan Sriwijaya Palembang Sepi Pengunjung". Sriwijaya Post (in Indonesian). 3 May 2016. 8. ^ Ilham Khoiri. "Mengais Jejak Kebesaran Sriwijaya" (in Indonesian). Sumsel News Online. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
Cited works Ahmad Rapanie, Cahyo Sulistianingsih, Ribuan Nata, "Kerajaan Sriwijaya, Beberapa Situs dan Temuannya", Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan, Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Manguin, Pierre-Yves (2001). Miksic, John, ed. Ancient History. Indonesian Heritage. Singapore: Archipelago Press. ISBN 9813018267. Manguin, Pierre-Yves (2008). " 'Welcome to Bumi Sriwijaya' or the Building of a Provincial Identity in Contemporary Indonesia" (PDF). Asia Research Institute. Working Paper Series (102). Retrieved May 14, 2017.
1. Suharto in 1993 2. Official Portrait of Suharto and First Lady Siti Hartinah. 3. Lieutenant Colonel Suharto in 1947. 4. Suharto with his wife and six children in 1967. Kedukan Bukit inscription – It is the oldest surviving specimen of the Malay language, in a form known as Old Malay. It is a stone of 45 by 80 cm. This inscription is dated the year 11,02,605 Saka and these inscriptions were written in a sister system of Vatteluttu and Grantha called the Pallava alphabet, developed by ancient Tamils to write Tamil and contain numerous Sanskri
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sriwijaya Kingdom Archaeological Park. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Sriwijaya_Kingdom_Archaeological_Park&oldid=784142041" Categories: Srivijaya Palembang Archaeological sites in Indonesia Archaeological parks Buildings and structures in South Sumatra Tourist attractions in South Sumatra Hidden categories: CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id) Articles containing Indonesian-language text Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2011 Indonesia articles missing geocoordinate data All articles needing coordinates
RELATED RESEARCH TOPICS
1. The Inscription picture. Arenga pinnata – Arenga pinnata is an economically important feather palm native to tropical Asia, from eastern India east to Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines in the east. Common names include sugar palm, arenga palm, areng palm, black-fiber palm, gomuti palm, aren, enau, irok and it is a medium-sized palm, growing to 20 m tall, with the trunk remaining cov
1. Arenga pinnata 2. Arenga pinnata illustration.
1. Kedukan Bukit Inscription – It is the oldest surviving specimen of the Malay language, in a form known as Old Malay. It is a stone of 45 by 80 cm. This inscription is dated the year 11,02,605 Saka and these inscriptions were written in a sister system of Vatteluttu and Grantha called the Pallava alphabet, developed by ancient Tamils to write Tamil and contain numerous Sanskrit words. Di pantshami shuklapaksa Wulan Laghu mudik datang marwuat manua Syriwijaya jayasiddhayatra subhiksa, dalam Syaka 605 Sebelas hari Bulan Waisyaka. Di lima hari Bulan Belayar mudik datang membuat benua Srivijaya kota yang jaya, detailed translation, Salam bahagia, batu bersurat ini ditulis pada hari ke-11 bulan Waisyaka Tahun 605 Syaka, Baginda menaiki kapal untuk mencari untungnya pada 7 hari di bulan Jyestha. Baginda berlepas dari Muara Tamvan dengan membawa dua puluh ribu bala dengan serta dua ratus pawang dan tentera sebanyak seribu tiga ratus dua belas banyaknya dengan sukacitanya datang ke Matajap. Pada lima haribulan , mereka datang belayar mudik ke hulu untuk membuka negara , Srivijaya, kota yang jaya, bahagia dan makmur. In the year 605 of the Saka calendar, on the day in the month of Waisaka. On the seventh day on the moon of Jyesta, His Majesty brings 20000 troops and 312 people in boats from firth of Tamvan, With 1312 foot soldiers. On the fifth day on the moon of. They docked and open a country, in the year 605 of the Saka calendar, on the eleventh day at half-moon of Waisaka, Sri Baginda took dugouts in order to obtain siddhayatra. On Day 7, on the 15th day at half-moon of Jyestha and he took 20,000 troops with him … as many as 200 in dugouts, with 1,312 foot soldiers. They arrived at … Truly merry on the day of the half-moon…, agile, happy. Safiah Karim, Tatabahasa Dewan Edisi Baharu, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka 1993
Tang Dynasty – The Tang dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It is generally regarded as a point in Chinese civilization. Its territory, acquired through the campaigns of its early rulers, rivaled that of the Han dynasty. The dynasty was founded by the L family, who seize
2. Indonesian language – Indonesian is the official language of Indonesia. It is a register of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world, of its large population, the majority speak Indonesian, making it one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. However, most formal education, and nearly all national mass media, governance, administration, judiciary, the Indonesian name for the language is Bahasa Indonesia or sometimes simplified as Bahasa. This term is occasionally found in English and other languages. Indonesian is a register of Riau Malay, which despite its common name is not the Malay dialect native to Riau. Originally spoken in Northeast Sumatra, Malay has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for half a millennium and it might be attributed to its ancestor, the Old Malay language. The Kedukan Bukit Inscription is the oldest surviving specimen of Old Malay, trade contacts carried on by various ethnic peoples at the time were the main vehicle for spreading the Old Malay language, which was the main communications medium among the traders. Ultimately, the Old Malay language became a lingua franca and was spoken widely by most people in the archipelago, Indonesian is essentially the same language as the official Malaysian, Singaporean and Brunei standards of Malay. However, it does differ from Malaysian in several respects, with differences in pronunciation and these differences are due mainly to the Dutch and Javanese influences on Indonesian. Indonesian was also influenced by the Melayu pasar, which was the lingua franca of the archipelago in colonial times, and thus indirectly by other spoken languages of the islands. Malaysian Malay claims to be closer to the classical Malay of earlier centuries, even though modern Malaysian has been influenced, in lexicon as well as in syntax. The question of whether High Malay or Low Malay was the parent of the Indonesian language is still in debate. Some linguists have argued that it was the more common Low Malay that formed the base of the Indonesian language, however, the language had never been dominant among the population of the Indonesian archipelago as it was limited to mercantile activity. The VOC adopted the Malay language as the language of their trading outpost in the east. Following the bankruptcy of the VOC the Dutch crown took control of the colony in 1799 and it was then that education in. Even then, Dutch administrators were reluctant to promote the use of Dutch compared to other colonial regimes. Dutch thus remained the language of a elite, in 1940
Song Dynasty – The Song dynasty was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279. It succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, coincided with the Liao and Western Xia dynasties and it was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or true paper money nationally and the first Chinese government to establish a perma
3. Musi River (Indonesia) – The Musi River is located in southern Sumatra, Indonesia. It is about 750 kilometers long, and drains most of South Sumatra province, after flowing through Palembang, the provincial capital, it joins with the several other rivers, including the Banyuasin River, to form a delta near the city of Sungsang. The river, dredged to a depth of about 6, the river mouth was the site of the SilkAir Flight 185 plane crash which killed all 104 passengers and crew on board in 1997. Media related to Musi River at Wikimedia Commons Banyuasin Musi River Delta conservation information from the ARCBC 4. Palembang – Palembang is the second-largest city on Sumatra island after Medan and the capital city of the South Sumatra province in Indonesia. It is one of the oldest cities in the Malay Archipelago, Palembang is located on the Musi River banks on the east coast of southern Sumatra, with a land area of 369.22 square kilometres and a population of 1,708,413 people. Palembang is the sixth-largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan and its built-up area with Talang Kelapa and Rambutan was home to 1,620,429 inhabitants at the 2010 census. Palembang is the oldest city in Indonesia, and has a history of being the city of the Kingdom of Srivijaya, a powerful Malay kingdom. The earliest evidence of its dates from the 7th century. The first inscription in which the name Srivijaya appears also dates from the 7th century, namely the Kedukan Bukit Inscription around Palembang in Sumatra, Palembangs main landmarks include Ampera Bridge and Musi River, the latter of which divides the city into two. The north bank of river in Palembang is known as Seberang Ilir and this city was known as a host city for 2011 Southeast Asian Games. Additionally,2018 Asian Games is going to be held in the city along with Jakarta, the word Palembang is derived from two words in Malay pa and lembang. Pa or Pe in Malay is a prefix indicates a place or situation meanwhile lembang or lembeng means lowland. In other words, Palembang literally means the place which was inundated by water. The Kedukan Bukit Inscription, which is dated 682 AD, is the oldest inscription found in Palembang, the Matajap of the inscription is believed to be Mukha Upang, a district of Palembang. According to George Coedes, in the half of the 9th century Java. As the capital of the Srivijaya kingdom, this second oldest city in Southeast Asia has been an important trading centre in maritime Southeast Asia for more than a millennium. Sanskrit inscriptions and Chinese travelogues report that the kingdom prospered as an intermediary in the trade between China and India. Thus, Srivijaya grew to be the biggest international trade centre, and not only the market and it functioned as a cultural centre as well. He also recorded there were many states under the kingdom called Srivijaya. In 990, an army from the Kingdom of Medang in Java attacked Srivijaya, Palembang was sacked and the palace was looted. Cudamani Warmadewa, however, requested protection from China, by 1006, the invasion was finally repelled 5. South Sumatra – South Sumatra Province is a province of Indonesia. It is located in the part of Sumatra Island, east of the Bukit Barisan Mountains. It spans 91,592.43 km2 and had a population of 7,450,394 at the 2010 Census, the capital of the province is Palembang. South Sumatra has been settled by humans since the Palaeolithic era, the evidence of those settlements is proven by some discoveries of Palaeolithic tools in the riverbed of Saling and Kikim rivers in Bungamas Village, Lahat Regency. Relics of seven stone chambers believed to be about 2,500 years old were found near a plantation in Kotaraya Lembak. Around 300 BC, the Deutero-Malay people arrived in this region, around 7th century AD, an ancient Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya was established in an area known today as Palembang. It once controlled a part of what is now Indonesia, Malaysia and Southern Thailand, effectively ruled the Malacca Strait. In 1025, it was defeated by the Chola Empire of southern India, srivijayas capital eventually moved northward to Jambi. After its eventual fall in 14th century AD, some kingdoms were established in South Sumatra. However, there was virtually a power vacuum in the region there was no prominent power to hold the region except for the waning Majapahit Empire. The vacuum allowed pirates to flourish in the region, in the 16th century AD, the Palembang Sultanate was established by Ki Gede Ing Suro, a politician who fled from Demak Sultanate. Clashes with the Dutch had occurred since the 17th century until the sultanate was abolished in 1825 when the Dutch gave a blow
1. History of China 2. Tang dynasty circa 700 3. Portrait painting of Emperor Yang of Sui, commissioned in 643 by Taizong, painted by Yan Liben (600–673) 4. Emperor Taizong (r. 626–649) receives Gar Tongtsen Yülsung, ambassador of Tibet, at his court; painted in 641 AD by Yan Liben (600–673)
1. History of China 2. Northern Song in 1111 3. Emperor Taizu of Song (r. 960–976), a court portrait painting 4. Pillow, sandstone with white and brown slip black, incised decoration, Northern Song dynasty, 12th century Yuan Dynasty – The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan, was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan. His realm was, by point, isolated from the other khanates and controlled most of present-day China and its surrounding areas. Some of the Mongolian Emperors of the Yuan mastered the Chinese langua
1. History of China 2. Yuan dynasty circa 1294 3. Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty 4. Painting of a 14th-century Yuan dynasty junk Trowulan – Trowulan is an archaeological site in Trowulan Subdistrict, Mojokerto Regency, in the Indonesian province of East Java. When it was the capital of the Majapahit Empire, the city was known as Wilwatikta and it was razed during to the invasion of Girindrawardhana to defeat Kertabhumi in 1478. After this event Majapahits capital was moved to Daha, the
1. Bajang Ratu, the elegant Paduraksa style gate at Trowulan, Mojokerto 2. Bajang Ratu in 1929, before restoration 3. Candi Tikus bathing place 4. Wringin Lawang, the gate at Trowulan, Mojokerto Borobudur Temple Compounds – Borobudur Temple Compounds is a term used by the World Heritage designation of the area of three Buddhist temples in Central Java, Indonesia. It comprises Borobudur, Mendut, and Pawon and these three temples are located in a straight line, and have been considered as being built during the Sailendra dynasty circa 8th–9th centuries. Approximately 40
1. UNESCO World Heritage Site 2. The location of three Buddhist temples - Borobudur, Pawon and Mendut - in one straight line. 3. Mendut Temple. 4. Pawon Temple. International Standard Book Number – The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning
1. A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an EAN-13 bar code