Status of Research of Functional and Medicinal Food of the Peruvian Amazon at the UNMSM” Acela Inés Arnao Salas Center of Research on Biochemistry and Nutrition “Alberto Guzmán Barrón” Río de Janeiro 2007
Peru: Biodiversity
Native Anti-ulcer Plants
Croton palanostigma “Sangre de grado”
Bixa orellana “Achiote”
Solanum tuberosum “Papa”
Jungia paniculata DC Gray “Matico serrano”
Croton palanostigma
To determine liver and renal toxicity of Croton palanostigma latex we oral administrate this extratcs in rats, in therapeutic and larger doses. Alkaline phosphatase and transferase glutamyl gamma activity were measured; urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin and globulin levels were studied by espectrophotometric analysis.
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Biochemical evaluation in blood plasma of rats treated with Croton palanostigma latex, during 30 days
An. Fac. Med. v.66 n.2. Lima Abr./Jun. 2005
Lipoperoxidation: TBARS/g of tissues
An. Fac. Med. v.67 n.3. Lima Jul/Sep. 2006
Bixa orellana
Achiote, Ucurú. Used in Pre-Columbian times as tint to the skin, scarring of the skin, and condiment. Anti-dysenteries, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, astringent and diuretic. Dyes: bixin and nor-bixina
Phytochemical Composition
It was identified in the hydroalcoholic extract: phenolic compounds (+++), tannins (++), flavonoid glycosides (++), (++), alkaloids (Dragendorff + + +, Mayer, and Wagner +++); terpenoids and steroids (+).
Antiulcerian effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Bixa orellana in rats induced by ethanol Grupo (n=9)
ULCER INDEX
% INHIBITION OF ULCERS
Grupo I control (-)
0.50 +/- 0.53
-----------
Grupo II control (+)
5.75 +/- 0.71
-----------
Grupo III Ranitidina 100mg/Kg
5.38 +/- 0.74
6.5
Grupo IV Extracto100 mg/kg
5.00 +/- 0.53*
13,0
Grupo V Extracto 200 mg/Kg
4.50 +/- 0.76*
21.7
Grupo VI Extracto 400 mg/Kg
4.13 +/- 0.64*
28,3
Conclussions
The hydroalcoholic extract of Bixa orellana is toxic in more than 7000 mg / kg At a dose of 400 mg / kg, we registered 28.3% of gastric lesions inhibition. At a dose of 200 mg / kg induced a 168.1% GSNP. It has no anti-secretory effect
O. Huamán Gutierrez (2006) Tesis para optar el grado de magister en bioquímica
Plant for psichiatric disorders
Banisteriposis sp “Ayahuasca”
Mimosa sp “Tati rao”
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Jatropha gossypifolia “Piñón colorado”
Petiveria alliacaea “Mucura”
Phytochemical Analysis of Mimosa cf rufescens Nombre de Ensayo Dragendorff Mayer De la espuma Fehling Legal Ninhidrina Carr Price Liebermann-Buchard Molish Sudán Borntrager Shinoda
Resultado de Reacción ++ + ++ + ++ +++
Phitochemistry study and determination of the antioxidant capacity of Mimosa sp
Taxonomical classification is taking place in the Laboratory of Ethnobotanics at the Museo de Historia Natural “Javier Prado” de la UNMSM. We found 27% of antioxidant capacity with the TBARS assay Mimosa cf rufescens (JAC 16279 UNMSM) Recolección por JAC, 2007
An Fac Med Lima. 2007; 68 Suppl 1.
Primary Neuronal Cell Cultures - Procedure We develop neuronal cell cultures from 16 day mouse embryo. Brain hemispheres were dissagregated by mechanical procedure. Neuronal cells are plated in DMEM media with 10% BFS.
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Neuronal cell cultures: Cell number, protein concentration and enzymatic activity Número de Células VS. Días in vitro
1,5 1
Células por mL
0,5
Absorbancia de Proteínas Totales VS Días in vitro
0 0
5
10
15
20
0,5
Días in vitro
Primary neuronal cell cultures are mainteined at 37ºC, 96% of relative humidity. We measure cell number, protein concentration and enzymatic activity.
Absorbancia
Número de Células *
2
0,4 0,3
Concentración de Proteínas
0,2 0,1 0 0
5
10
15
20
Días in vitro
An Fac Med Lima 2007; 68 Suppl 1 E-mail:
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Sanguisorba menor extracts in neuronal cell cultures • Neuronal cell cultures are treated with plant extracts and we follow any change in cell number, maduration or morphology. • In a previous study with Sanguisorba menor, the chromatographic fractions 14 y 26 enhanced neuronal acetilcolinesterase activity.
Revista de Ciencias Univ. Federico Villareal, 2004.
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Antioxidant activity of Erythroxylon coca (ERC) in a model of exhausting exercise
Anti-stress effect of ERAC in two experimental models of stress, acute and chronic in mice.
Erythroxylon coca
Presents as secondary metabolites: polyphenols, flavonoids with antioxidant capacity
Tesis para optar el título de Química farmacéutica.. Ayacucho-Perú ,2005
Test antioxidant capability of atomized, refined analkaloidal extract of coca (ERAC) on weaned male mice, which also submitted to acute exhausting exercise-induced oxidative stress. Indicators: lipid peroxitation, superoxide dismutase activity and glutations levels. Conclusion: ERAC administration on acute exhausting model increment antioxidant response of hepatic tissue.
Antioxidant Properties of ERC DPPH IC 50
Trolox Ascorbic acid Mannitol ERC
3.00 ug/mL 2.55 ug/mL -----------0.578 mg/mL
Hidroxilo IC 50
--------------15.30 mg/mL 14.08 mg/mL
The contents of total polyphenols equivalent to pirogalol was 330.4 mg / g of extract and flavonoids, equivalent to routine, was 64.25 mg / g extract.
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Plant anti-tumor Acahuale white aceitillo, mulito, rosilla, saetilla, tea cornfield, mozotillo, mozote black, aceitilla, cadillo, love dry, Picon, saetilla (Marzocca, 1976; Martinez, 1979; Pitty and Munoz, 1993). Chichik-kul, K'an-mul, matsab-kitam (Maya), quelem (language huasteca) and acocotli (Martinez, 1979). Widely distributed in the tropics worldwide. Antimicrobial activity, antiulcer, hypoglycemic
Bidens pilosa L
Chemical protecction effect of Bidens pilosa L Effect of flavonoids and phenolic compounds of Bidens pilosa L induced colon cancer in rats with dimethyl hydrazine. Chemical protection effect at a dose of 50 mg/Kg Bidens pilosa L.
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Colon cancer
Abuta grandifolia(Mart.)Sandwith
Anti inflammatory effect Against Malaria Tuberculosis Diabetes Stomach ulcers Infertility in women (with honey) Anti anemic Antioxidant
Abuta grandifolia (Mart) Sandwith In the stem of Abuta grandifolia Sandwith (Mart), known as the "abuta" has been found two alkaloids: a highly soluble in ethyl ether, and other soluble in ethanol. In this solution it has been found quaternary ammonium type alkaloids, which submitted antitumor activity for which the cell line was used HEP - 2 (squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx human)
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Genus Croton
An antitumor study has been carried out using the cell line HEP - 2, where C. baillonianus presents strong antitumor activity In phytochemical study conjuncted with the University of Salerno-Italy, we found: Alkaloids : O-metilflavinantine and O-metilpalidine Nóxido. Flavonoids: kamferol 3-O-ß-D-glucósido (I), kamferol-3O- ß-D-(6’’-p-coumaroy)-glucopiranósido (II)
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Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart ex DC) Stanley
The ethanol extract of the bark and wood of Tabebuia impetiginosa (ex-Mart DC) Stanley, known as "tahuari" has quinonic metabolites. One of the quinones showed cytotoxicity in the fertile eggs of a sea urchin, and in cancer cells lines like DV-145.
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Activity antimicrobial : Genus Croton
From the departments of Amazonas and Cajamarca we have collected 5 species of the genus Croton: C. thurifer, C.
baillonianus, C. collinus, C. ferrugineus y C. abutiloides.
The dichlorometane extract of the leaves ofCroton baillonianus and Croton ferrogineus have antimicrobial action: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538.
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Plukenetia volubilis L. Common Name: Sacha inchi, Sacha peanut, (sacha mani) peanut ad, Mount (mani del monte), peanut, peanut jibaro
Plukenetia volubilis L.
It was found lipid-lowering effect. An acute toxicity test (oral and topical) in rodents shown to be non-toxic. Chemical composition Linoleic: 36.67% Linolenic: 45.54% Unsaturated (Total): 82.21%
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Plukenetia volubilis L. (Sacha inchi) Place harvest
Tarapoto
Soil Weather Temperature Latitude Altitude Length Habitat Age Season
Clayish and Sandy tropical 27º 7º 10’ 232 meters 76º 06’ Wildlife Adult with fruits Summer
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Fuente: CLEIBA
Plukenetia volubilis L. Resistance to oxidative stress induced by UV irradiation Absorbancia (form ación de MDA-TBA)
por luz UV a diferentes tiempos
0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0
15
30
60
tiempo (minutos) Sacha inchi
Soya Fuente: CIBN
Trap Capacity of free radicals (DPPH)
Curva Sacha Inchi
Curva TROLOX 0.5
y = 0.427e
0.4
-0.5017x
Absorbancia
Absorbancia
0.5 2
R = 0.9974 0.3 0.2 0.1
y = -0.0948x + 0.4367 R2 = 0.9933
0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
0 0
1
2
uL/mL
3
4
IC50= 1,38 uL/mL
5
0
1
2
3
4
IC50= 2.30 ug/mL
Fuente: CIBN
5 ug/mL
Conclusion
The Sacha inchi oil shows metabolites with antioxidant capacity that better resists the induction of oxidative stress and traps the DPPH free radical.
Passiflora edulis (maracuyá) Antihypertensive
Effect of antihypertensive of the fruit juice of the leaves of Passiflora edulis (maracuyá), in rats
Passiflora edulis (maracuyá)
An. Fac. med. v.67 n.3 Lima jul.- sep. 2006
Camu camu Contenido de vitamina C (mg/100 grs.) en la pulpa de frutas seleccionadas
Fruit
Ascorbic acid
Pineapple
20
Maracuya
22
Strawberry
42
Lemmon
44
Guayabana
60
Orange
92
Casho Acerola(total) Camu camu
108 1,300 2,780
It is used in both the food and pharmaceutical industry. Great potential for agro export. (200 tons / year) Loreto is estimated that there are about 350 hectares, this region houses the largest concentration of plots of America and Peru
Pro-oxidant properties of camu camu (Myrciaria dubia)
The prooxidant properties of camu camu by the effect of Fe (III), EDTA, thiourea and mannitol was determined. Camu camu increases free radicals generation in the presence of Fe(III) and EDTA. Food or medicines with a high concentration of iron should not be ingested with fruits that have a high content of vitamin C. An. Fac. Med. v.66 n.4 Lima Dic. 2005
Effect of EDTA on the free radicals generated by camu camu and Fe-III East test: phosphate buffer potassium 50mM pH 7,4, deoxyribose 2,8 mM, FeIII 0,025 mM and camu camu 0,025g
Camu camu increases free radicals generation in the presence of Fe (III) and EDTA.
Thanks you Muito obrigado Muchas Gracias
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