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Home » Stress-Strain Curve for Mild Steel with Stress-Strain Relationship
Stress-Strain Curve for Mild Steel with Stress-Strain Relationship
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June 1, 2016 | By basicmech | 3 Replies
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Before entering to the main topic of stress-strain curve we have to know about stress and strain. elasticity and plasticity, hook’s law and young’s modulus of elasticity. What is stress ? If a applied force causes change in the dimension of the material then the material is in the state of stress. If we divide the applied force, F by the cross sectional area , A then we will get the stress. The symbol of stress is (Greek letter sigma). For tensile and compressive forces. The unit of stress is the pascal, Pa, where 1 Pa = 1 N/m. For ease of use most of the time Mega pascal, MPa is used as a units of stress. = F/A For tensile and compressive forces area taken is right angles to the applied force. For shear force area is taken parallel to the applied force. And the symbol used is tau, for depicting the shear stress. What is strain ? Change in the dimension with respect to the original dimension due to stress is known as strain. It is
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denoted by the symbol epsilon. = x/ L For a shear force, strain is expressed by (gamma) Elasticity It is the property of the material which enables the material to retain its original form after the external force is removed. Plasticity It is property which makes the material permanently deformed without breaking even after the force
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These definitions are important for understanding the Stress Strain relationship .
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If tensile force is applied to a steel bar it will have some extension. If the force is small the ratio of the stress and strain will remain proportional. And the graph will be a straight line ( up to point A) .
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So the 0 to point A is the limit of proportionality.
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If the force is considerably large the material will experience elastic deformation but the ratio of
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stress and strain will not be proportional. (point A to B). This is the elastic limit. Beyond that point the material will experience plastic deformation. The point where plastic deformations starts is the
Anime_Edu on Stress-Strain Curve for Mild Steel with Stress-Strain Relationship
yield point which is show in the figure as point B. 0 B is the upper yield point. Resulting graph will not be straight line anymore. C is the lower yield point. D is the maximum ultimate stress. E is the
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breaking stress.
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Some more terms associated with the stress strain graph
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Hooke’s law: Within the proportional limit strain is proportionate to stress.
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Young’s modulus of elasticity
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Within the proportional limit, stress strain, hence stress = E × strain
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E is a proportionality constant known as Modulus of elasticity or Young’s modulus of elasticity.
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This constant of proportionality is called Young’s modulus of elasticity and is given the symbol E.
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E has the same unit as the unit of stress because strain is dimensionless.
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E = / Pa
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Another two terms are important in the stress strain graph of mild steel these are
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Modulus of Resilience: It is the area under the curve which is marked by the yellow area. It is the
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energy absorbed at unit volume up to elastic limit.
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modulus of resilience = 1/2 x x = 0.5 x (FL/AE)
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Modulus of toughness: It is the area of the whole curve (point 0-E). Energy absorbed at unit volume
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up to breaking point.
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About the Author (Author Profile) Basic Mechanical Engineering is a small endeavor for the mechanical engineering students and fresh graduates. All the articles are written by mechanical "rocking" engineers \m/
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Comments (3) Trackback URL | Comments RSS Feed
Sandeep says: April 16, 2017 at 8:20 pm
What is the value of strain at the different like elastic limit,plastic limit, yield point,at ultimate point and at rupture point in mild steel reply
basicmech says: April 17, 2017 at 6:24 pm
Hello Sandeep , You have to understand that strain is the ratio of elongation and previous length. So to calculate strain at different conditions you have to know the previous length / width / thickness. There are different strain calculator in internet. Please google it .. For your information at the yield point stress is 247 MPa and at ultimate point it is 841 MPa. Thanks reply
Anime_Edu says: September 14, 2017 at 10:58 am
Good article… Kindly check my video related to the stress-strain curve for mild steel rod.
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