INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON Bali, Indonesia, June 1ST – 6TH , 2014
Study of Social and Economic Impacts of Construction of SIAHBISHEH Dam Using Rapid Matrix Method Roohollah Mohammadvali Samani Site Manager, Dam, Water & Wastewater Division, KAYSON Co., Iran.
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Kazem Heidarpour Chenar HSE Supervisor, KAYSON Co., Iran.
Fatemeh Iravaniniay Tehrani Advisor to Managing Director, KAYSON Co., Iran.
ABSTRACT: Considering to the growing needs of society for more water and energy resources, Nowadays construction of dams and hydroelectric power plants appear as an applicable solutions for the problem. Hence many countries have turned to the construction and use of these resources. Such that from 1950 the number of large dams with a height of over 15 meters in 5700 has reached more than 41,000. Dam construction along with the benefits and valuable impacts has disastrous effects on the environment and surrounding community and that’s why having provided grounds for so many criticism. Industrial processes in the world to protect the environment and its associated parameters are in more attention and development by the day. In dam construction industry, this monumental task of screening is responsibility of professionals of this scope that are work In order to more correspond and coordinates between this industry and environmental factors. On the other hand, due to the growth and development of science in various fields, deployment of new and modern ways seems necessary and useful to achieve different and useful results. One of these methods is the analysis of the effects that reported by EIA. In order to fulfill these tasks and to reduce the social and economic consequences and improvements in the construction and operation of dams and case study of SIAHBISHEH pumped storage dams in Iran, extensive research has been conducted by the present authors. This paper with considering the current situation, proceed to assess the social and economic impacts of the project on the rapid matrix in EIA and have to offer the results were analyzed to improve the situation and solutions, strategies and experiences in this area. Keywords: Dam, Environment, Rapid Matrix, EIA.
1. INTRODUCTION The efficient economic aspects of dam construction and the amount of the electricity produced are the matters to be considered in the studies of prefabricated constructions; this is while the dam construction is of great environmental importance in the way that it will affect both the region and the community of it. These cases are of direct and indirect socioeconomic effects that are to be taken into consideration at the proposal level to prevent their negative effects.
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In almost all the pre-studies of dam construction the ultimate focus has always been on the environmental factors; the socio-economic factors were considered to be of less importance, and the typical number of the predictions were far from the reality; this makes the control and the reduction of the damage on the socio-economic aspects’ preparations less efficient. Of some the effects of the dam construction on the social aspects and their possible side effects we can count: the reduction in the size of the farms, the increase of the salt in the lower parts, the reduction in the nutritional elements of the soil, etc. Side effects like the reduced productivity of the farms, the land-use change, moving of the local nomads, population change, and change of occupation and income, which can, in their turns, accelerate the change in the environmental and economic situations. So the considerations of the socio-economic conditions could reduce the environmental risks, which presuppose more attentions to this matter. 2. METHODOLOGY After the general and the local studies of the needed data such as the population data used in this study from the Statistical Center of Iran, other data apropos the prediction of the events and the population effects with a case study on the Iran’s dam constructions, such as Karkhe and Alborz dams and their effects on the immediate covered society and the use of the experts’ opinions, were collected and Siah Bishe’s socio-economic population susceptibility of construction of a dam was predicted. Then suggestions were made by the experts for the executors for the future preparations and the rapid matrix was used for the comparisons among the dam construction activities. 3. THE INTRODUCTION AND THE FEATURES OF THE EIA The assessment of the environmental effects is a way of identification and measuring the environmental aftermath of the construction and the utilization of the construction projects that can have bad effects on the environment of the project’s base in global terms. Therefore, before implementing a project, we should do an assessment of the side effects to make sure that it does not have bad effects on the environmental factors and to propose corrective measures and the projects is to be implemented as long as it does not have negative side effects. In Iran, according to the proceedings of the Iran’s Grand Council of the Environmental Care in 23/12/1997, the executors of the construction projects such as dam construction with the height of more than 15 meters are bound to find the feasibility and locating studies along with the assessment of the environmental factors. There are a number of different methods to assess the environmental effects of the plan, methods such as the use of the check-list, matrix, explanatory index, and the addition and the analysis of the system which are used in predicting the environmental effects of the construction and the in the implementation of the projects. The most common method used in these cases is the matrix; the method of the rapid matrix is used in this study to assess the socioeconomic effects of the construction of Siah Bishe’s dams, which are under construction, to propose some corrective measures after the passage of a long time after their primary assessments. In this method the assessment criteria are divided into two groups: 1. The groups which are of prime importance and have great impact on scoring (A).
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2. The groups whose locations are of great importance but are of less impact compared to the first group (B). As it is shown in Table 1, the scores of the first group which consists of two sub-groups: A1 and A2 are multiplied and scores of second group consisting of three sub-groups of B1, B2, and B3 are added, the sum of the first group is multiplied by the sum of the second one and the environmental score of the ES which is achieved from the equation 1 and is shown compared in the range of the scores of the Table 2; and in the analysis part the best possible method with the least amount of damage to the environment and society is chosen. 1
2
1
2
3
(1)
Table 1. Classification of Assessment Factors in Rapid Matrix Method Factors
Effects Importance (A1)
Effects Amounts (A2)
Effects Sustainability (B1)
Effects Reversibility (B2)
Effects Sum ( B3)
1
4 National/ International Importance
3 Very Positive Change
1 Without Change
1 Without Change
1 Without Change
2
3 Local/ National Importance
2 Considerable Improvement in the Situation
2 Temporary
2 Reversible
2 NonCumulative
3
2 Important for Local Areas
1 Improvement in Situation
3 Permanent
3 Irreversible
3 Cumulative
4
1 Important for Local
0 Without Change
-
-
-
5
0 Without Importance
-1 Negative Change
-
-
-
-
-2 Considerable Negative Change
-
-
-
-
-3 Severe Negative Change
-
-
-
Row
6
7
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Table 2. Classification of Environmental Scores Description
Group Skirt
(ES) Environmental Scores
Very Positive Effect
E+
72