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The Insect Imagery of Salvador Dalí Gene Kritsky, Dan Mader, and Jessee J. Smith
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ǡ Midnight in Paris ȋ͖͔͕͕ȌǤ
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Ǥ American Entomologist • Volume 59, Number 1
ÀǯǦ
The Great Masturbator ȋ͕͖͝͝Ȍǡ The Persistence of Memory ȋ͕͕͗͝Ȍǡ Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War) ȋ͕͚͗͝ȌǡChrist of St. John of the Crossȋ͕͙͕͝ȌǤ Àǯ
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ǡLobster Telephoneȋ͕͚͗͝ȌǡǦǣ ǤÀ Ǧ
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Face of Mae West Which May Be Used As a Living Roomȋ͕͛͘͝Ȍǡ ȋFirst Cylindric Chromo-Hologram Portrait of Alice Cooper’s Brainǡ ͕͛͗͝ȌǤÀǯ
ϐ
ÓϐǣUn Chien Andalou (An Andalusian Dogǡ͕͖͝͝ȌǡL’Age d’Or (The Golden Ageǡ͕͔͗͝Ȍǡ
and challenging to this day. ǡÀǯ
Ǧǡ ǡ ǡ
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Ǥ Fig. 1. Salvador Dalí with his pet ocelot, 1965.
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Surreal Entomology
From Figueras to Fame
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ǡThe Swallow’s Tailǡ ͕͕͗͜͜͝͝͝Ǥ
Surrealism and the Paranoiac-Critical Method Àǯ
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such as Honey is Sweeter than BloodǡUn Chien Andalouǡ
The Persistence of MemoryǤÀǯ
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American Entomologist • Spring 2013
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ȋ͕͖͜͝ȌǤ ͕͖͗͝ǡ À The Interpretation of Dreamsǡ
ȋ͕͙͚͜Ǧ͕͗͝͝ȌȋÀ͖͔͕͔ȌǤ ǡÀ
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The Melancholy and Mystery of the Street ȋ͕͕͘͝Ȍǡ
ȋ͕͛͘͝ȌǤ
ȋ͕͔͔͝Ǧ͕͙͙͝Ȍ Àȋ͕͖͜͝ȌǤ ͕͖͙͝ǡÀϐ
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ȋ͕͛͘͝ȌǤ ͕͖͝͝ÀǤǡ± ȋ͕͚͜͝Ǧ͕͚͚͝ȌǡǤ 2ȋ͕͘͜͝Ǧ͕͖͜͝Ȍǡ
ǡǡǡϐǡ ǤÀϐǦ
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Insect Encounters
“When you are thinking of it least, the grasshopper springs! Horror of horrors! ... At the heightened moment of my most ecstatic contemplations and visualizations, the grasshopper would spring! Heavy, unconscious, anguishing, its frightfully paralyzing leap reflected in a start of terror that shook my whole being to its depths. Grasshopper—loathsome insect! Horror, nightmare, martyrizer and hallucinating folly of Salvador Dalí’s life. I am thirty-seven years old, and the fright which grasshoppers cause me has not diminished since my adolescence. On the contrary. If possible I should say it has perhaps become still greater. Even today, if I were on the edge of a precipice and a large grasshopper sprang upon me and fastened itself to my face, I should prefer to fling myself over the edge rather than endure this frightful ‘thing.’ American Entomologist • Volume 59, Number 1
He picked up the bat, intending to express his pity by kissing it in front of the woman, but instead he convulsively bit the ant-covered body. “Shuddering with repugnance,” he threw the bat into the wash-house. This experience would form the foundation for Dalí’s association of ants with death and decay. sooner than relax their death-grip…Still tonight, as I write these lines, shudders of horror shoot through my back, while in spite of myself my mouth keeps contracting into a grimace of repugnance mingled with the bitterest moral malaise, which (to the eyes of an imaginary observer) must make my facial expression as sickly and horrible to behold as that of the halfcrushed grasshopper which I have just described and which I am probably imitating, identifying myself with its martyrdom by the irresistible reflexes and mimicry of my facial muscles. In school my fear of grasshoppers finally took up all the space of my imagination. I saw them everywhere, even where there were none: a grayish paper, suddenly seen, and looking to me l ke a grasshopper, would make me utter a shrill cry which delighted everyone; a simple pellet of bread or gum thrown from behind that struck me in the head would make me jump up on my desk with both feet, trembling, looking around me, mortally anguished by the fear of discovering the horrible insect, ever ready to spring.”
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The story of this terror remains for me one of the great enigmas of my life. When I was very small I actually adored grasshoppers…I would chase them with eager delight. I would unfold their wings, which seemed to me to have graduated colors like the pink, mauve and blue-tinted twilight skies that crowned the end of the days in Cadaques. [Grasshoppers] became a thing of horror to me, and the sudden and unexpected sight of one was likely to throw me into such a spectacular nervous fit that my parents absolutely forbade the other children to throw grasshoppers at me, as they were constantly trying to do in order to enjoy my terror. My parents, however, often said, ‘What a strange thing! He loved them so much before!’ On one occasion my girl cousin purposely crushed a large grasshopper on my neck…though it was eviscerated and abundantly sticky with a loathsome fluid, it still stirred, half destroyed, between my shirtcollar and my flesh, and its jagged legs clutched my neck with such force that I felt they would be torn off
Table 1. Selected works by Salvador Dali that include insects. Year • Reference* Title
Insects
1927 • Ref. No. 184
ϐ
1927 • Ref. No. 185
ϐ
1927-28 • Ref. No. 192
ϐ
1927-28 • Ref. No. 200
Little Cinders (Senicitas)
ϐ
The Rotting Donkey
ϐ ǡ ants
Un Chien Andalou (An Andalusian Dog) Accommodations of Desire
ants
1929 • Ref. No. 216
ǡ
1929 • Ref. No. 217
ants
1929 • Ref. No. 218
Imperial Monument of WomanChild. Gala (Utopian Fantasy)
ants
Playing in the Dark
Partial Hallucination: Six Apparitions of Lenin on a Piano
Playing in the Dark
ǡ
The Dream The Persistence of Memory Babaouo - Publicity Announcement for the Publication of the Scenario of the Film Retrospective Bust of a Woman Surrealist posterm
Profanation of the Host
ǡ
1929 • Ref. No. 224
Poster Project
ants
ants
1929 • Ref. No. 225
The Enigma of My Desire or My Mother, My Mother, My Mother
The Surrealist Mystery of New York
ants
ǡǡ ϐ
Autumnal Cannibalism
ants
ǡ
1929 • Ref. No. 228
Ant Face
1929
The Ants
1930 • Ref. No. 234
The Metamorphosis of Narcissus
ants
Mural Painting for Helena Rubinstein (panel 3)
Aphrodisiac Jacket
ants
Untitled - for the campaign against venereal disease
ϐ
1944 • Ref. No. 519
ants
Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee around a Pomegranate. One Second before Awakening
Dz
ȏȐdz ȋÀ͕͚͜͝ȌǤ
ǡ Ǥǡ
Ǥ
ǡÀ
ǡ
ÓǣDz ǡ
ǤǯǮϐǯ
Ǥ ǡ
ǡ
Ǯϐǯ dzȋÓ͕͖͜͝ȌǤ
ants ants
ǡ
ants
ants
ϐ
1944 • Ref. No. 527
ants
Untitled - The Seven Arts
ants
1944 • Bryans
ϐ
advertisement 1944 • Vogue
ants
cover n.d. • Bryans
ants
advertisement
ants ǡǡ ϐǡǡ ϐ
1944 • Vogue
ants
cover
ϐ
1944-45
ϐ
1939 • Ref. No. 453
Baby Map of the World
ants
1942 • Ref. No. 507
1938
ǡǡ
illustrations for Dali’s autobiography
1942 • Ref. No. 495
1937 • Ref. No. 432
Juliet’s Tomb
ants
1936-37 • Ref. No. 431
Birth of a New World
Mural Painting for Helena Rubinstein (panel 2)
1936-37 • Ref. No. 421
1929 • Ref. No. 227
Soft Self-Portrait with Fried Bacon
1942 • Ref. No. 494
1936
Aphrodisiac Jacket
Ǧǡ ants
1942
1936 • Ref. No. 381
ants
Daddy Longlegs of the Evening – Hope!
1942 • Ref. No. 491
1935 • Ref. No. 373
The Ants
ϐ
1942 • Ref. No. 485
1935 • Ref. No. 366
1929 • Ref. No. 222
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ants
1931 • Ref. No. 254
Portrait of Gala
March of Time Comittee - Papillon
1941 • Ref. No. 480
1934
1929 • Ref. No. 221
The Font
ants
1933 • Ref. No. 301
1929 • Ref. No. 220
ants
1940 • Ref. No. 467
1932 • Ref. No. 271
Illumined Pleasures
1930 • Ref. No. 240
Combinations (or The Combined Dalinian Phantasms; Ants. Keys, Nails)
1931 • Ref. No. 261
Desecration Descripti
Phantasmagoria
1931 • Ref. No. 259
1929 • Ref. No. 215
The Dream of Venus
Apotheosis of Homer
ants
1945 • Bryans
ants
advertisement
ǡ
ÀǢ
ǡ
Ǥ Dz
ǡ
Ǥ ǡȄ
dzȋÀ͕͚͜͝ȌǤÀ
ϐǡ ǡ
ǡǤ Àǯϐ
Ǥ
American Entomologist • Spring 2013
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1928 • Movie
Portrait of Paul Eduard
The butterfly hunt
Insects
1940 • Ref. No. 465
1931 • Ref. No. 252
1928 • Ref. No. 211
The Lugubrious Game
ǡ
1931 • Ref. No. 245
Cenicitas (Little Ashes)
The Great Masturbator
The Great Masturbator
Year • Reference* Title 1939 • Ref. No. 462
1930
Honey is Sweeter Than Blood
The First Days of Spring
Insects
1930 • Ref. No. 241
Honey is Sweeter Than Blood
1929 • Ref. No. 226
Year • Reference* Title
Year • Reference* Title
Insects ants ants
Melancholic Atom and Uranium
ants
1947 • Bryans
advertisement
Down The Rabbit Hole
1959 • AIW
ant
1959 • AIW
advertisement
1959 • AIW
ant ants
1951 • Ref. No. 597
ϐ
1951 • Ref. No. 605
The Queen of the Butterflies
ϐǡ
1959 • AIW
A Mad Tea Party The Mock Turtle’s Story
ϐ
The Mock Turtle’s Story 1959 • LT
untitled
1955 • DM
Tres Picos
ϐǡ
ϐ
untitled
ϐ
untitled
ϐ
1959 • LT
1959 • LT
ϐ
1962 • Ref. No. 734
The Alchemist
ants
1965 • Ref. No. 776
1958-59 • Ref. No. 689
Laocoön Tormented by Flies
The Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus
1964-67 • Ref. No. 821
ϐ
Locusta et bruchus
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡÀDz ϐ
ǡdz
Dz
Ǥdz
Ǧ
ǡ
ϐǡ
Dzdz
ǤÀ
ǡǡ ǡ
Dz
Ǥdz American Entomologist • Volume 59, Number 1
ϐ
1969
Design for a record cover
ϐ
1971
The Dinners of Gala
ϐ
1973
Hologram of Alice Cooper
ants
1974 • Ref. No. 905
Cranach Metamorphosis (Woman in a Mirror)
ants
1974
Butterflies and Grapes
ϐ
1975 • Ref. No. 918
The Whole Dali in a Face
ϐ
1978 • Ref. No. 941
Landscape Near Ampurdan
ants
1981 • Ref. No. 996
Three Female Figures in Festive Gowns
ϐ
Melancholy Atomic
ants
n.d. • Ref. No. 1108
Triomphe De L’Amour
ϐ
Antequam exhires de vulva sactificavite (Jeremiah 1:5)
ϐǫ
helioconid ϐ
untitled
ϐ
The Hallucinogenic Toreador
ϐǡ
untitled
ǡ
n.d. • Ref. No. 1111
1959 • LT
ϐ
Roussillon French Railways Poster
n.d. • Ref. No. 1080
1959 • LT
untitled
1957 • Ref. No. 672
Untitled (Surrealist Landscape)
ϐ
untitled ϐ
1957 • Ref. No. 663
Metamorphosed Women
untitled
1959 • LT
1957 • Ref. No. 661
Butterfly Landscape (The Great Masturbator in a Surrealist Landscape with D.N.A.)
untitled
1959 • LT
1956 • Ref. No. 660
Untitled (Landscape with Butterflies)
1959 • LT
ϐǡ
1956 • Ref. No. 649
Fancy Costumes
ϐǡ
1959 • LT
ϐ
1954 • Ref. No. 624
Melting Watch
ϐ
ϐǡ including
1953
Design for the costume for The Woman of the future
ant
1959 • AIW
1951 • Ref. No. 601
Portrait of Katharina Cornell
1959 • AIW
ϐ
ϐ
1968-70 • Ref. No. 866
The Rabbit Sends in a Little Bill
1946 (released 2003) • Movie
Landscape with Cavalier and Gala
Mad Mad Mad Minerva Illustration for “Memories of Surrealism”
ϐ insectan
ȗ
ǯ numberǣȀȀǤǤȀ ȀǦȀȀǦȀǢ Movie α
ǢBryans αǢ Vogue α
ǡAIW α
ǢLT α
Ǣ blank α
Ǥ
Ǥ
ϐ
ǡ À
ǣDzǥ
ϐ
dzȋÀ͕͚͜͝ȌǤ
Àǯ
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ǡÀ
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ȋ
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Pig and Pepper
Destino
ϐ
ϐǡ
Advice From A Caterpillar
1948 • Bryans
Insects
1969
A Caucus Race and a Long Tale
1947
Surrealist Landscape
Surrealist Landscape
1959 • AIW
1945
Year • Reference* Title 1968 • Ref. No. 857
1959 • AIW
1945 • Bryans
advertisement
Insects
1947
1945 • Bryans
advertisement
Year • Reference* Title
ϐ
Phyllomorpha lacineata (VilȌ ȋǣȌȋ͖͔͔͘ȌǤ
Insect Manifestations in Dalí’s Work
Fig. 2. The Font, 1930 Salvador Dalí. Worldwide rights © Salvador Dalí. Fundacion Gala-Salvador Dalí, (Artists Rights Society), 2012 / In the USA © Salvador Dalí Museum, Inc. St. Petersburg, FL 2012.
Fig. 3. The Font: detail of grasshoppers on the altar and foreground pillar.
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American Entomologist • Spring 2013
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Àǯ
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͕͕͕ ȋ͕͔ΨȌ
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ǣDream Caused by the Flight of a Bee around a Pomegranate ȋ͕͘͘͝Ȍ
ǡǡ
͕͘͘͝Vogueǡ Ǥ Alice in Wonderlandǡ Metamorphosed Womenȋ͕͙͛͝ȌǤǡ
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͕͖͛͝Honey is Sweeter Than Blood, a Tanguy
ϐ
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dz
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͕͔͗͝ ǡThe Fontȋ Ǥ͖ȌǤ Although not as fully di Àǯ
ǡ The Font
ȋϐȌ
ϐ planes of Honey is Sweeter than BloodǤFig. 4. The Font: a cluster of ϐ ants covers the sealed mouth of the woman’s face. space: one clings to the outϐ
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ǡϐ ȋ Ǥ͘ȌǤϐÀǯǡ
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ÀǯǤ The Font
ÀǤ ÀǯǡThe Persistence of Memoryȋ͕͕͗͝Ȍǡ
Ǧ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǧ
ǡ ǡ
Ǥ The Font
ϐǡϐ
Ȅ-
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Fig. 5. Daddy Longlegs of the Evening – Hope!, 1940 Salvador Dalí. Worldwide rights © Salvador Dalí. Fundacion Gala-Salvador Dalí, (Artists Rights Society), 2012 / In the USA © Salvador Dalí Museum, Inc. St. Petersburg, FL 2012.
Ǥ Àǯ͕͔͘͝ǡDaddy Longlegs of the Evening— Hope!ȋ Ǥ͙Ȍǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡǡ
ǡ ǡ
DzǦdz ȋÀǯȌǤǡǡ
ȋ Ǥ͚ȌǤ
Àǡ
Ǣǡ ǡǤ Àǯ
ǢǡÀǯ
-
Fig. 6. Detail of the opilionid in Daddy Longlegs of the Evening – Hope!
ǡ
ǤÀ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ ǤTres Picosȋ͕͙͙͝Ȍ Ǥ
Ǧ
ϐǡ
ǡǡÀ
ϐ
ǡ ϐǦ Ǥ
ϐ
ǡ
ȋ ͛ȌǤEl Sombrero de Tres Picos (The Three-Cornered HatȌǢ
͕͕͝͝ǡÀ͕͘͝͝
ȋ ͖͔͔͙ȌǤ ͕͙͜͝Ȃ͙͝ǡÀ
Le Tricorneǡ
×
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ Ǧ͕͔͘͝ǡÀ
Vogueǡ ȋ
ǡǣȀȀ Ǥ
Ȁ
ȌǤǡ
ϐǡÀ Fig. 7. Tres Picos, 1955 Salvador Dalí. Worldwide rights © Salvador Dalí. Fundacion Gala-Salvador Dalí, (Artists Rights Society), 2012 / In the USA © Salvador Dalí Museum, Inc. St. Petersburg, FL 2012.
American Entomologist • Volume 59, Number 1
35
Fig. 8. Hallucinogenic Toreador, 1969-1970 Salvador Dalí. Worldwide rights © Salvador Dalí. Fundacion Gala-Salvador Dalí, (Artists Rights Society), 2012 / In the USA © Salvador Dalí Museum, Inc. St. Petersburg, FL 2012.
Fig. 9. Detailed calliphorid flies in the foreground of Hallucinogenic Toreador.
36
.
ǡÀ Ǥ
ǡ
Àǯ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
The Mock Turtle’s StoryǡDown the Rabbit Holeǡ ϐ
A Caucus Race and a Long Taleǡ
Advice from a Caterpillarǡϐ
ȋAcrocinus longimanusǤȌPig and Pepper.
ǡÀ
Ǧ
Ǥ
ǡÀǯ
Ǥ
Hallucinogenic Toreador (Fig. ͜ȌǡǦǦǦÀ ͕͚͝͝Ȃ͕͔͛͝Ǥ Ǥ
ϐ
ϐ ǡϐ
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ǯtraje de lucesǡ
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montera ǡ
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ǡ American Entomologist • Spring 2013
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ǤÀǯ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
ǤÀ
ϐǣ
ϐ
ϐ
ǡ
ǤǦ
ǡ
ϐ
ǡ ǤǯOn the Sublime and BeautifulǣDz
ǡ ǡȏȐǤdz ͕͚͝͝ǡ À Alice in Wonderland
Acknowledgements ÀǤǡ ǡ
ǡ
ǤǤ
ǡ Ǥ
Ǥ
Literature Cited ǡǤ͕͖͜͝ǤÀǤǤǡǡǤǤ ǡǤ͕͚͝͝Ǥǣ
Ǥ
ǡǡǤ
ÓǡǤ͕͖͜͝ǤǤǡǡǤ ǡǤ͖͔͔͚Ǥ ǤǡǡǤǤ Àǡ Ǥ ͕͚͜͝Ǥ
ÀǤ
ǡ ǡǤ
ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ±Ǥ ͖͔͕͔Ǥ ÀǤ
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ǢDaniel Mader Ǥ
ǡǢJessee J. SmithǤ ǤǤ
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American Entomologist • Volume 59, Number 1
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