Telugu Alphabet - Telugu Association of Maine [PDF]

`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°=‚ ∂Å Telugu Alphabet

Telugu Learning Kit Workbook for Module 1

C P Brown Academy The Alpha Foundation Hyderabad

Telugu Alphabet Learning Kit Workbook for Module-1 Transliterator: G Ramesh Babu Managing Editor: GRK Murty Consulting Editor: SS Prabhakar Rao Editorial Support: C Rama Devi, Y Anand T Rajendra Prasad Chief Visualizer: A Bangaru Babu Visualizer: S Ganesh Illustrations: B Anjaneyulu @ 2008 C.P. Brown Academy. All Rights Reserved. Although every care has been taken to avoid errors and omissions, this publication is being sold on the condition and understanding that the information given in this book is merely for reference and must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editor, publisher or sellers. Neither this book nor any part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming and recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Only the publishers can export this book from India. Infringement of this condition of sale will lead to civil and criminal prosecution. First Edition: 2008 Printed in India Published by

C P Brown Academy 8, Dwarakapuri Colony, Punjagutta Hyderabad - 500 082, India. Website: www.alphacharities.org Printed at: M/s. ICIT Software Centre Private Ltd. 1, Technocrat Industrial Estate Balanagar Cross Roads Hyderabad-500 037, India.

Foreword -

The Module-1, “Telugu Varnamala”, is intended to help the Telugu . speakers, who cannot read/write Telugu, to pick up a reasonable level of linguistic competence, through Roman script. The symbols used in this book are intended to facilitate the transliteration template of the vowels, consonants, gunintamulu and the vowel-consonant clusters, i.e., vottulu. . The relationship of the Roman character with the Telugu letter and its pronunciation have been clearly explained with examples to aid phonetics. For instance, the symbol ‘a’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘J’ that sounds like ‘o’ as in the word ‘come’. Let us take another example. The symbol ‘c’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘K«’ that sounds like ‘ch’ as in the word ‘church’. The Module-1 is thus quite self-explanatory and is certain to help those who desire to learn Telugu through the medium of English. The workbook provided along with it is scientifically designed for practice to help the learners pickup reading and writing of Telugu, satisfactorily. We know that some of the alphabet and their sounds are difficult to pronounce and quite a few are not in popular use. They do not even matter in the acquisition of linguistic skills. However, we have included all the Telugu letters irrespective of their usage in order to introduce them all to the learners. Enjoy! SS Prabhakar Rao

`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°‚=∂Å TELUGU ALPHABET Vowels (JK«∞Å Û ∞: Acculu) *

a–

a

far

u–

wood

.lu

i

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B come

u

–

i

.lu–

look

bit

– ru .

ru .

cool

.rusi.

root

e

e–

ai

get

loop

o–

o

feel

rotate

stake

au

oat

am .

mite

out

ah.

JO Jó some

half

* ‘a’ stands for ‘J’ and sounds like ‘o’ as in ‘come’. The same pattern applies to all other vowels.

4

Consonants (ǨÏÅ∞¡Å∞

:

Hallulu)

36 Characters *

k

g

kh

gh

Hõ Y QÆ Ñ¶¨∞ Î Î K« K« Kè« [ ~°≠ & @ ~î° _» _è» `« ^äŒ ^Œ ^èŒ khaki

silk

.c

c

.capa

church

.j

jhansi

th .

take .

t

tabala

nilakantha .

dh .

dh

though

n.

dhoti

} #

prana .

- asadha . .

bird

d

thumb

jug

~ sanjna

d.

th

j

~ n

jh

t.

prajna

.jabili

witch

V [

.

ghost

go

ch

. n

n

nature

* ‘k’ stands for ‘Hõ’ and sounds like ‘k’ as in ‘silk’. The same pattern applies to all other consonants.

5

p

ph

b

bh

m

Ѩ Ѷ¨ | Éèí =∞ Ü«∞ ~° Å à◊ = â◊ +¨ ã¨ Ç¨Ï Hõ∆ é cup

phone

y

bat

r

young

v

bharat

l

l.

rust

s

s.

´sastry

levy

home

sun

ship

r.

ksh

h

-- kalimata .

lump

s´

month

error

raksha

Semi-Vowels or Semi-Consonants

( LÉèÜ í ∂« Hõ~∆ åÅ∞::

–

–

Ubhayaksharalu)

(ã¨∞#fl = O – Sunna) (J~°ã∞¨ #fl = ñ – Arasunna) (qã¨~æ° = ó - Visarga) Note: Five Telugu characters are not in general use.

Í Í They are 6

.lu .lu-

K« [ |∞∂ ru.c

.j

.

JK«∞ÛÅ∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e? How to write Vowels? a

a–

come

far –

i

i

bit

feel –

u

u

wood

cool

ru .

.rusi .

– ru .

root 7

e

e

get

stake

ai

o

mite

rotate

o

au

oat

out am .

some ah.

half 8

ǨÏÅ∞¡Å∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e? How to write Consonants? k

kh

silk

– khaki

g

gh

go

ghost . n

. prajna c

ch

church

witch

j

jh

jug

– jhansi ~ n

~ sanjna 9

t.

th .

take

nilakantha .

d.

dh .

bird

– – asadha . .

–

n.

– prana .

th

t

tabala

thumb

d

dh

though

– dhoti

n

nature 10

p

ph

cup

phone

b

bh

bat bharat m

month y

r

young

rust

l

l.

lump

– – kalimata .

v

s´

levy

sastry ´

–

–

11

s.

ship s

sun h

home ksh

raksha

.r

error 12

How to write Vowels? For practice

a

a–

i

– i

13

u

– u

.ru

– .ru

e

e– 14

ai

o

– o

au

am .

ah. 15

How to write Consonants? For practice

k

kh

g

gh

. n 16

c

ch

j

jh

~ n 17

t.

th .

d.

dh .

n.

18

t

th

d

dh

n

19

p

ph

b

bh

m 20

y

r

l

.l

v 21

s´

s.

s

h

k s h

.r 22

Exercise 1: Identify the Vowels

J

Ѩ

L

JO

Hõ

|

U

B

QÆ

Ü«∞

S

~

Ѷ¨∞

P

`«

ó

V

D

^èŒ

X

K«

Z

^Œ

|∞∞

@

~°

à◊

W

~î°

#

Å

&

}

~°≠

_è»

Kè« 23

Exercise 2: Identify the Consonants

24

J

Z

JO

â◊

Hõ

_»

}

JO

P

U

Jó

ã¨

QÆ

_è»

=∞

Jó

W

S

|∞∞

=

Y

~î°

^Œ

B

D

X

|∞∂

Ü«∞

Ѷ¨∞

@

^èŒ

~°≠

L

F

Ѩ

à◊

V

&

Éèí

[

T

B

+¨

~°

Exercise 3: Differentiate the Letters

F X V & [ ~°≠ ^èŒ # Å ~° ~° â◊

–o –o –n – n~ –j – jh – dh –n –l –r –r – s´

B | [ W X Ѷ¨∞ ^äŒè } à◊ é ~î° ã¨

– au –b –j –i –o – gh – th –n –l –r – th –s 25

+¨ T JO =∞ Ѷ¨ Å Y Ѩ Hõ ~î° Z U 26

–s –u – am –m – ph –l – kh –p –k – th –e –e

â◊ D Jó Ü«∞ Éèí @ Éèí U Hõ∆ ^äŒ U S

– s´ –i – ah –y – bh –t – bh –e – ksh – th –e – ai

Symbols of Gunintamulu . Telugu Letter

Roman Character

J

a

P

– a

W

i

D

Symbol How to write Symbol

For practice

– i

L

u

T

u–

|∞∞

ru .

|∞∂

ru

Z

e

U

e–

S

ai

X

o

F

– o

B

au

JO

am .

Jó

ah

–

.

.

27

.

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

H± Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ 28

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Hõ HÍ H˜ H© ‰õΩ ‰õÄ Hõ$ Hõ$Ï ÔH ˆH ÔH· H˘ HÀ H“ HõO Hõó

–

ka

–

– ka

–

ki

–

– ki

–

ku

–

– ku

–

kru .

–

– kru .

–

ke

–

– ke

–

kai

–

ko

–

– ko

–

kau

–

kam .

–

kah.

'Hõ— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ka-Gunintamu) .

For practice

For practice ka Gunintamu (Hõ .

#∞O_ç Hõó)

Hõ HÍ H˜˜ H© ‰õΩ ‰õÄ Hõ$ Hõ$Ï ÔH ˆH ÔH· H˘ HÀ H“ HõO Hõó Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ 29

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Mò Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 30

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Y MÏ d v Y∞ Y∂

–

kha

–

– kha

–

khi

–

– khi

–

khu

–

– khu

Y$ –

khru .

Y$Ï Mˇ MË Mˇ· MÁ M’ M∫ YO Yó

–

– khru .

–

khe

–

– khe

–

khai

–

kho

–

– kho

–

khau

–

kham .

–

khah.

'Y— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (kha-Gunintamu) . For practice

For practice: kha Gunintamu ( .

Y #∞O_ç Yó)

Y MÏ d v Y∞ Y∂ Y$ Y$Ï Mˇ MË Mˇ· MÁ M’ M∫ YO Yó Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 31

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'QÆ— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ga-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Q∑ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ 32

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

QÆ QÍ y w QÆ∞ QÆ∂ QÆ$ QÆ$Ï ÔQ ˆQ ÔQ· Q˘ QÀ Q“ QÆO QÆó

–

ga

–

– ga

–

gi

–

– gi

–

gu

–

– gu

– –

gru . – gru .

–

ge

–

– ge

–

gai

–

go

–

– go

–

gau

–

gam .

–

gah.

For practice

For practice: ga Gunintamu ( .

QÆ #∞O_ç QÆó) QÆ QÍ y w QÆ∞ QÆ∂ QÆ$ QÆ$Ï ÔQˇ ˆQË ÔQ·ˇ Q˘ QÀ Q“ QÆO QÆó QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ 33

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ѷ∞¨ — QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (gha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Ѷπ∞ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ 34

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Ѷ¨∞ – Ѷ∂¨ – Ѷ∞≤ – Ѷ∞‘ – Ñ¶Ú ¨ – Ѷ¸ ¨ – Ѷ∞¨ $ – Ѷ∞¨ $Ï – ÃѶ∞ – ¿Ñ¶∞ – ÃѶ∞ÿ – Ѷ∞¨ Á – Ѷ∞¨ ’ – Ѷ∞¨ ø – Ѷ∞¨ O – Ѷ∞¨ ó –

gha – gha ghi – ghi ghu – ghu ghru . – ghru . ghe – ghe ghai gho – gho ghau gham . ghah.

For practice

For practice: gha Gunintamu ( .

Ѷ∞¨ #∞O_ç Ѷ∞¨ ó) Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∂ Ѷ≤∞ Ѷ‘∞ Ѷ¨Ú Ѷ¨¸ Ѷ¨∞$ Ѷ¨∞$Ï ÃѶ∞ ¿Ñ¶∞ ÃѶ∞ÿ Ѷ¨∞Á Ѷ¨∞’ Ѷ¨∞ø Ѷ¨∞O Ѷ¨∞ó Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ 35

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'K«— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ca-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Kü K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« 36

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

K« Kå z p K«∞ K«∂ K«$ K«$Ï K≥ KÕ K≥· K˘ KÀ KÒ K«O K«ó

–

ca

–

– ca

–

ci

–

– ci

–

cu

–

– cu

–

cru .

–

– cru .

–

ce

–

– ce

–

cai

–

co

–

– co

–

cau

–

cam .

–

cah.

For practice

For practice: ca Gunintamu ( .

K«Æ #∞O_ç K«óÆ ) K« Kå z p K«∞ K«∂ K«$ K«$Ï K≥ KÕ K≥· K˘ KÀ KÒ K«O K«ó K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K«Æ K« K« K« 37

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Kè«— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (cha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Kèü Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« 38

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Kè« Kèå zè pè Kè∞« Kè«∂ Kè$« Kè$« Ï Kè≥ KèÕ Kè·≥ Kè˘ KèÀ KèÒ KèO« Kè«ó

–

cha

–

– cha

–

chi

–

– chi

–

chu

–

– chu

–

chru .

–

– chru .

–

che

–

– che

–

chai

–

cho

–

– cho

–

chau

–

cham .

–

chah.

For practice

For practice: cha Gunintamu ( .

Kè« #∞O_ç Kèó« ) Kè« Kèå zè pè Kè«∞ Kè«∂ Kè«$ Kè«$Ï Kè≥ KèÕ Kè≥· Kè˘ KèÀ KèÒ Kè«O Kè«ó Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« 39

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '[— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ja-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

*ò [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ 40

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

[ *Ï l r A E [$ [$Ï *ˇ *Ë *ˇ· *Á *’ *∫ [O [ó

–

ja

–

– ja

–

ji

–

ji

–

ju

–

– ju

–

– –

jru .

–

je

–

– je

–

jai

–

jo

–

– jo

–

jau

–

jam .

–

jah.

– jru .

For practice

For practice: ja Gunintamu ( .

[ #∞O_ç [ó) [ *Ï l r A E [$ [$Ï *≥ *Õ *ˇ· *Á *’ *∫ [O [ó [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ 41

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~°≠— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (jha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

~ü≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

~°≠ – ~°≠Ï – i≠ – s≠ – ~°≠∞ – ~°≠∂– ~°≠$ – ~°≠$Ï– Ô~≠ – ˆ~≠ – ~Ô ≠ÿ – ~Ô ≠∞ – ~Ô ≠Ï – ~°≠ø – ~°≠O–

~°≠ { Jó ´ ~°≠ó – 42

jha – jha jhi – jhi jhu – jhu jhru . – jhru . jhe – jhe jhai jho – jho jhau jham . jhah.

For practice

For practice: jha Gunintamu ( .

~°≠ #∞O_ç ~°≠ó) ~°≠ ~°≠Ï i≠ s≠ ~°≠∞ ~°≠∂ ~°≠$ ~°≠$Ï ~Ô ≠ ~ˆ ~¡-≠ ~Ô ≠ÿ ~Ô ≠∞ ~Ô ≠Ï ~°≠ø ~°≠O ~°≠ó ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ 43

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '@— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

\ò @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 44

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

@ \Ï \˜ \© @∞ @∂ @$ @$Ï >ˇ >Ë >ˇÿ \Á \’ \∫ @O @ó

– – –

ta . – ta .

–

ti. – ti.

–

.tu

–

– .tu

–

. .tru

–

– . .tru

–

te .

–

– te .

–

tai .

– –

to . – to .

–

tau .

–

tam . .

–

tah . .

For practice

For practice: ta ( . . Gunintamu

@ #∞O_ç @ó) @ \Ï \˜ \© @∞ @∂ @$ @$Ï >ˇ >Ë >·ˇ· \Á \’ \∫ @O @ó @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 45

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~î°— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

~îü ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° 46

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

~î° ~îå iî sî ~î∞° ~î∂° ~î$° ~î$° Ï ~Ô î ~ˆ î ~Ô ·î ~î˘ ~îÀ ~î“ ~îO° ~î°ó

–

tha .

–

– tha .

– – –

thi . – thi .

–

thu . – thu .

–

thru . .

–

– thru . .

–

the .

–

– the .

–

thai .

–

tho .

–

– tho .

–

thau .

–

tham . .

–

thah . .

For practice

For practice t.ha Gunintamu (~î° .

#∞O_ç ~î°ó)

~î° ~îå iî sî ~î°∞ ~î°∂ ~î°$ ~î°õ$Ï Ô~î ˆ~î Ô~î· ~î˘ ~îÀ ~î“ ~î°O ~î°õó ~î° ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î° ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î° ~î° ~î°õ ~î° ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î°õ 47

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_»— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

_£ _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» 48

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

_» _® _ç _ô _»∞ _»∂ _»$ _»$Ï _≥ˇ _Õ _≥ÿ _˘ _À _Ò _»O _»ó

– – –

da . – da .

–

di . – di .

–

du .

–

– du .

–

dru ..

–

– dru ..

–

de .

–

– de .

–

dai .

–

do .

–

– do .

–

dau .

–

dam . .

–

dah . .

For practice

For practice: da ( . . Gunintamu

_» #∞O_ç _»ó) _» _® _ç _ô _»∞ _»∂ _»$ _»$Ï _≥ _ÕË _≥·ˇ _˘ _À _Ò _»O _»ó _» _Æ _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» 49

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_è»— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

_è£ _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» 50

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

_è» _è® _èç _èô _è∞» _è∂» _è$» _è$» Ï _è≥ _èÕ _è·≥ _è˘ _èÀ _èÒ _èO» _è»ó

– – – – –

dha . – dha . dhi . – dhi .

–

dhu . – dhu .

–

dhru . .

–

– dhru . .

–

dhe .

–

– dhe .

–

dhai .

–

dho .

–

– dho .

–

dhau .

–

dham . .

–

dhah . .

For practice

For practice: dha Gunintamu ( . .

_è» #∞O_ç _è»ó)

_è» _è® _èç _èô _è»∞ _è»∂ _è»$ _è»$Ï _è≥ _èÕ _è≥· _è˘ _èÀ _èÒ _è»O _è»ó _è» _è» _è» _è»Æ _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è»Æ _è» 51

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '}— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

}ü } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } 52

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

} – }Ï – }˜ – }© – }∞ – }∂ – }$ – }$Ï – }ˇ – }Ë – }ˇÿ – }˘ – }À – }∫ – }O – }ó –

na . – na . ni . – ni . nu . – nu . nru .. – nru .. ne . – ne . nai . no . – no . nau . nam . . nah . .

For practice

For practice: na ( . . Gunintamu

} #∞O_ç }ó)

} }Ï }˜ }© }∞ }∂ }$ }$Ï }ˇ }Ë }ˇÿ }˘ }À }∫ }O }ó } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } 53

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '`«— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

`ü `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« 54

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J ´ P ´ W ´ D ´ L ´ T ´ |∞∞ ´ |∞∂ ´ Z ´ U ´ S ´ X ´ F ´ B ´ JO ´ Jó ´

`« `å u f `«∞ `«∂ `«$ `«$Ï `≥ `Õ `≥· `˘ `À `Ò `«O `«ó

–

ta

–

– ta

–

ti

–

– ti

–

tu

–

– tu

–

tru .

–

– tru .

–

te

–

– te

–

tai

–

to

–

– to

–

tau

–

tam .

–

tah.

For practice

For practice: ta Gunintamu (`« .

#∞O_ç `«ó)

`« `å u f `«∞ `«∂ `«$ `«$Ï `≥ `Õ `≥· `˘ `À `Ò `«O `«ó `«Æ `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« 55

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '^䌗 QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

^ä£ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ 56

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

^äŒ ^ä• kä nä ^ä∞Œ ^ä∂Œ ^ä$Œ ^ä$Œ Ï ^ä≥ ^äËÕ ^ä·≥ ^ä˘ ^äÀ ^äÒ ^äOŒ ^äŒó

–

tha

–

– tha

–

thi

–

– thi

–

thu

–

– thu

– –

thru .

–

the

–

– the

–

thai

–

tho

–

– tho

–

thau

–

tham .

–

thah.

– thru .

For practice

For practice: tha Gunintamu ( .

^äŒ #∞O_ç ^äŒó)

^äŒ ^ä• kä nä ^äŒ∞ ^äŒ∂ ^äŒ$ ^äŒ$Ï ^ä≥ ^äÕ ^ä≥· ^ä˘ ^äÀ ^äÒ ^äŒO ^äŒó ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ 57

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '^Œ— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

^£ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ 58

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

^Œ ^• k n ^Œ∞ ^Œ∂ ^Œ$ ^Œ$Ï ^≥ ^Õ ^≥· ^˘ ^À ^Ò ^ŒO

–

da

–

– da

–

di

–

di

–

du

–

– du

–

dru .

–

– dru .

–

de

–

– de

–

dai

–

do

–

– do

–

dau

–

dam .

{ Jó ´ ^Œó –

dah.

–

For practice

For practice: da Gunintamu (^Π.

#∞O_ç ^Œó)

^Œ ^• k n ^Œ∞ ^Œ∂ ^Œ$ ^Œ$Ï ^ˇ ^Õ ^≥· ^˘ ^À ^Ò ^ŒO ^Œó ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ 59

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '^茗 QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

^è£ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ 60

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

^èŒ ^è• kè nè ^è∞Œ ^è∂Œ ^è$Œ ^è$Œ Ï ^è≥ ^èÕ ^è·≥ ^è˘ ^èÀ ^èÒ ^èOŒ ^èŒó

–

dha

–

– dha

–

dhi

–

– dhi

–

dhu

–

– dhu

– –

dhru .

–

dhe

–

– dhe

–

dhai

–

dho

–

– dho

–

dhau

–

dham .

–

dhah.

– dhru .

For practice

For practice: dha Gunintamu (^èŒ .

#∞O_ç ^èŒó)

^èŒ ^è• kè nè ^èŒ∞ ^èŒ∂ ^èŒ$ ^èŒ$Ï ^è≥ ^èÕ ^è≥· ^è˘ ^èÀ ^èÒ ^èŒO ^èŒó ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ 61

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '#— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter