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Testicular Varicose Veins: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Surgery
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Many people are aware of the phenomenon of varicose veins, also known as varicosity, but most of the population would assume that these veins occur generally on the lower extremity, including calves and thighs. Another variation of these unsightly surface veins occurs on the male testicles. These testicular varicose veins are known medically as varicoceles, and can cause pain and can also lead to testicular atrophy, which is shrinkage of the testicles. Fortunately, there are multiple treatment options available for this uncommon problem, ranging from home treatments to surgery to medications.
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Subsequently, in order to fully understand this problem, a more thorough explanation of the etiology and symptoms is necessary. Now, “in healthy veins within the scrotum, one-way valves allow blood to flow from the testicles and scrotum back to the heart. In a varicocele, these valves do not function properly, causing blood to pool enlarging the vein. Some experts believe that the raised temperature that results from the pooled blood in these blocked veins can decrease sperm count and motility of sperm and increase the number of deformed sperm. In fact, the incidence of varicoceles increases to 30 percent in couples who cannot have children (Id).”
Also, the problem is a little more common that society would imagine. In fact, approximately 10% of the male population suffers from this condition, with the real number probably being higher due to a lack of prevalence in noticing the symptoms and correctly relaying the issues to one’s primary care provider. The implications of the symptoms can be very problematic, and include the following: Pain: Men who experience pain in their testicles—particularly when exercising, standing or sitting for a long period of time—may be suffering from varicoceles. Typically, painful varicoceles are prominent in size. If left untreated, varicoceles may lead to infertility. Fertility problems: There is an association between varicoceles and infertility. Decreased sperm count, decreased motility of sperm and an increase in the number of deformed sperm are related to varicoceles. Some experts believe these blocked and enlarged veins around the testes cause infertility by raising the temperature in the scrotum and decreasing sperm production. Testicular atrophy: The shrinking of the testicles is another sign of varicoceles. Often, once the testicle is repaired, it will return to normal size. Besides these symptoms, the signs are pretty serious as well. It is important to note that 95% of these varicoceles occur on the left side of the scrotum. Also, the testicles will appear shrunken and appear like a bag of worms. If these visual signs are not present, but one is experiencing symptoms, abnormal blood flow can be detected by noninvasive tests such as ultrasound or venogram (an x-ray with special dye).
Treatments for Testicular Varicoceles There are many treatment options available for these problematic veins. Below is a brief description of each, from home remedies, to surgeries, to medical treatments. Surgical Options For some people, surgical options are the most effective treatment for ensuring complete resolution of this issue. There are several types, with the most common being catheter-directed embolization and surgical ligation. A brief description of each is provided below: Surgical Ligation This is one of the most common treatments for testicular varicose veins. In this procedure, which is typically performed by a urologist, an incision is made in the skin above the scrotum down to the testicular veins, which are tied off with sutures. Although most patients leave the hospital the same day, 24 percent of surgical ligation patients are required to stay at the hospital overnight. Patients of open surgical ligation can expect a two- to three-week recovery period.
Varicocele embolization or catheter-directed embolization Varicocele embolization (also called catheter-directed embolization) is a nonsurgical treatment performed by an interventional radiologist that is a highly effective, widely available technique to treat symptomatic varicoceles. With this nonsurgical treatment, an interventional radiologist uses catheters and other instruments to shut off blood flow to the dysfunctional vein. Throughout this treatment, the patient is relaxed and free of pain. Specifically, the interventional radiologist makes a tiny nick in the skin at the groin using local anesthesia, through which a thin catheter (much like a piece of spaghetti) is passed into the femoral vein, directly to the testicular vein. The doctor then injects contrast dye to provide direct visualization of the veins to map out exactly where the problem is and where to embolize, or block, the vein. By using coils or sclerosants (medicine injected into blood vessels to make them shrink), an interventional radiologist blocks the abnormal veins, which reduces pressure on the varicocele. By embolizing the vein, blood flow is redirected through other pathways. Essentially blood flow to the incompetent vein is “shut off” internally, accomplishing what the urologist does without surgery (Id).
Home Treatment Options There are also some home treatments that can be used for the treatment of varicoceles. These treatments should be tried before invasive surgical procedures are necessary, as part of an overall conservative management approach. Below is a short list of some of the common treatments that you can try at home. Natural ingredients like alstonia, bilberry, autumn joy, butcher’s broom, mukkuti, horse chestnut, piper cubeba and psyllium are known to help. Do consult a herbalogist or your doctor before trying these remedies. Another home treatment that you can try is planning a diet that helps you. Foods that should be avoided include margarine, junk food, animal fats, processed foods, caffeine, hydrogenated oils, sugar, fast foods, alcohol, and white flour products .While whole grains, fish oil, fish, olive oil, essential fatty acids, flaxseed oil, poultry, and fresh fruits and vegetables are highly recommended. Foods with high fiber content will help as they aid in the digestive tract working normally. Lack of sufficient could lead to constipation, which, in turn, leads to pressure on veins in the bowel region, and the floor of the pelvis. Including foods that contain flavanoids is also advisable as the blood vessels get stronger. Organic food is preferable, and make sure that you are hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, particularly water. Vitamin supplements of vitamins C and E and zinc and bioflavanoid supplements also help. An athletic supporter will definitely give you some relief; consult your doctor on what will be suitable for you. Also, for home treatment options, your physician may also prescribe some narcotic painkillers. It is important to read the directions on these medications, as they can become addictive if taken differently that prescribed. Conclusion As you can see, testicular varicoceles can be very serious and can result in shrunken testicles and infertility. The fortunate thing is that there are many treatment options available to treat and even cure this problem altogether. While home treatment options do not always work, many people would benefit from trying some of these remedies before deciding to take the invasive surgical route. However, it is nice to know that these options are available when the conservative management of the problem is not enough. Either way, varicoceles will always require some form of treatment in order to prevent the problems which they create. They key is to always be proactive, and males who are experiencing pain of unknown source in their testicles should perform self checks to see if they are exhibiting any of the signs or symptoms of this very serious problem. Resource: Society of Interventional Radiolog Like
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