Weight-bearing portion of the vertebra. 3. Provide(s) levers for the muscles to pull against. 4. Provide(s) an articulation point for the ribs s. Openings providing for exit of spinal nerves. 12. The following statements provide distinguishing charac
normal lock. He slid the key inside and turned it. With a click, the door opened. Erik switched on the light and walked down the stairs. The basement was one giant room with a pool table in the middle and a dartboard on the far wall. âAwesome!â E
64 Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook 7. Figure 5-2A is a midlevel, cross-sectional view of the diaphysis of the femur. Label the membrane that lines the cavity and the membrane that covers the outside surface. Figure 5-2B is a drawing of a longi
Slides quizing you on all the bones and bone features of the axial skeleton you are required to know using pictures from Anatomy & Physiology Reve⦠...... Study online flashcards and notes for bones including Axial Skeleton: skull, hyoid bone, vert
The axial skeleton includes all the bones along the body's long axis. Let's work our way down this axis to learn about these structures and the bones that form them. The axial skeleton includes the bones that form the skull, laryngeal skeleton, verte
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The Dinosaur Skeleton Objectives: 1. To learn the names of the bones of a vertebrate skeleton. 2. To be able to describe the differences between different dinosaur groups using skeletal terminology. 3. To be able to identify dinosaur bones as they are excavated. Procedures: Much of what we know about dinosaurs comes from the study of their bones. The similarity of the skeletons of various dinosaurs and humans is based on the common ancestry of all vertebrates (the subphylum of animals with an internal bony skeleton). We refer to the similarity in structures that is the result of evolutionary descent as a homology. Homologous structures need not have similar functions. For example, the wing of a bird and the arm of a human are homologous but do not have the same function. Structures with similar functions are called analogous structures. The Appendicular Skeleton (arms and legs) Examine the labeled skeleton of a human and the Camarasaurus. The dinosaur forelimb is essentially the same as our forelimb with one exception; we do not have a separate coracoid, a round bone between the scapula and humerus. The bones of the dinosaur hindlimb are comparable to the human leg. The primary difference between dinosaurs and humans is the ankle. Dinosaurs have two small bones the astralgalus and the calcaneum between the tibia and fibula and tarsal bones, whereas the humans do not have these bones. Don’t worry; we will not see these on the diagrams. The axial skeleton (skull, vertebra, ribs, and pelvis) The dinosaur skull is usually cited as evidence that dinosaurs are reptiles. Humans have a typical mammalian skull. The dinosaur skull is divided into several bones that are separate from each other while many of these bones in the human are fused. This is illustrated with the lower jaw or more correctly called the mandible. In humans, our jaw consists of one bone, while a dinosaur’s mandible is often divided into five bones. Another major difference is the hinge of a dinosaur jaw. Notice how the hinge of a dinosaur’s jaw is often at the back of the mandible and usually below the teeth. In humans, the mandible hinge is well above the teeth. We will complete a separate laboratory on the skull to see how this works. The dinosaur pelvis is an important structure that enables us to identify the two major groups of dinosaurs. The textbook, The Dinosaur Primer, shows the major bones of the pelvis. Lizard-hipped dinosaurs (saurischian dinosaurs) have a pelvis with a 90º or less angle between the pubis and ischium and the pubis has a large knob at the end. The birdhipped dinosaurs (ornithschian dinosaurs) have a pubis without the knob and it pubis oriented backwards resulting in a long pubis with a forward prong and a backward prong. In humans the bones of the pelvis are fused, but the individual bones are still identifiable.
The vertebral column is divided into four regions, cervical (between the skull and scapula), back (between scapula and start of pelvis), sacral (vertebra between the two halves of the pelvis), and tail.
Worksheet This is a Styracosaurus skeleton. Answer the questions below.
Identify the labeled bones from the list. 1. Bone 1 is the a. skull b. mandible c. humerus d. femur e. pelvis 2. Bone 2 is the a. skull b. mandible c. humerus d. femur e. pelvis 3. Bone 3 is the a. tibia b. fibula c. humerus d. femur e. rib 4. Bone 4 (in black) is the a. tibia b. fibula c. humerus d. femur e. rib 5. Bone 5 is the a. tibia b. fibula c. humerus d. femur e. rib 6. Bone 6 is the a. tibia b. fibula c. humerus d. scapula e. rib
7. Bone 7 is the a. tibia b. vertebral column c. humerus d. scapula e. rib 8. Bone 8 is the a. tibia b. vertebral column c. humerus d. ulna e. radius 9. Bone 9 is the a. caracoid b. vertebral column c. humerus d. ulna e. radius Below is a diagram of a Camarasaurus skeleton. Answer the questions below about the labeled sections.
10. “A” corresponds to the ___________ section of the skeleton a. appendicular b. cervical c. tail d. sacral
11. “D” corresponds to part of the ___________ section of the skeleton a. appendicular b. cervical c. tail d. sacral e. dorsal 12. “B” corresponds to the ___________ section of the skeleton a. appendicular b. cervical c. tail d. sacral e. back Below is a photograph from Dinosaur National monument in Utah. Identify the labeled bones below. (Hint: use the Camarasaurus diagram above question 10 to help you figure it out.)
13. The bone labeled A is a a. femur b. scapula c. humerus d. skull e. pelvis 14. The bone labeled B is a a. femur b. scapula c. humerus d. skull e. pelvis 15. The bone labeled C is a a. femur b. scapula c. humerus d. vertebra e. fibula 16. The bone labeled D is a a. femur b. scapula c. humerus d. skull e. rib 17. The bone labeled E is a a. femur b. scapula c. humerus d. skull e. pelvis
Compare this pelvis with figure 2.5 in A Dinosaur Primer. (Note the orientation may or may not be reversed in this photo). 18. This is a ____________ pelvis. A. saurischian B. ornithschian 19. The bone labeled A in the pelvis is the A. illium B. pubis C. ischium 20. The bone labeled C in the pelvis is the A. illium B. pubis C. ischium 21. D is the A. pubis B. hip-socket or acetabulum C. opening to the spinal cord D. ischium