The dynamics of Brazilian protozoology over the [PDF]

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 111(1): 67-74, January 2016

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The dynamics of Brazilian protozoology over the past century M Carolina Elias1,2/+, Lucile M Floeter-Winter3, Jesus P Mena-Chalco4 1 Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 2Instituto Butantan, Centro de Toxinas, Resposta-Imune e Sinalização Celular, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 3Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 4Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Santo André, SP, Brasil

Brazilian scientists have been contributing to the protozoology field for more than 100 years with important discoveries of new species such as Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. In this work, we used a Brazilian thesis database (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) covering the period from 1987-2011 to identify researchers who contributed substantially to protozoology. We selected 248 advisors by filtering to obtain researchers who supervised at least 10 theses. Based on a computational analysis of the thesis databases, we found students who were supervised by these scientists. A computational procedure was developed to determine the advisors’ scientific ancestors using the Lattes Platform. These analyses provided a list of 1,997 researchers who were inspected through Lattes CV examination and allowed the identification of the pioneers of Brazilian protozoology. Moreover, we investigated the areas in which researchers who earned PhDs in protozoology are now working. We found that 68.4% of them are still in protozoology, while 16.7% have migrated to other fields. We observed that support for protozoology by national or international agencies is clearly correlated with the increase of scientists in the field. Finally, we described the academic genealogy of Brazilian protozoology by formalising the “forest” of Brazilian scientists involved in the study of protozoa and their vectors over the past century. Key words: protozoology - pioneers - academic genealogy - scientific mapping method

The last decade of the XIX century is considered to be the period in which experimental protozoology began (Calkins 1911). At that time, protozoa were suspected of being the causative agents of only two human diseases: dysentery and malaria (Calkins 1911). Currently, protozoan parasites are recognised as the causative agents of some of most important human illnesses. For instance, amebiasis is the second leading cause of death due to parasitic diseases worldwide and causes approximately 40-100,000 deaths per year (Moraes et al. 2015). Approximately 6.5 million people are estimated to be infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, 1,300,000 new cases of leishmaniasis occur every year, and 214 million new cases of malaria have occurred in 2015 alone. Toxoplasmosis and giardiasis are also diseases caused by protozoa, both of which represent significant public health threats (who.int). These are examples of protozoa that are of medical interest and do not include protozoa of veterinary interest or free-living protozoa, which may be important environmental markers. Therefore, protozoology has become a unique field of study, and an impressive amount of work has gone into detailing the biological aspects of this subject. In-

doi: 10.1590/0074-02760150386 Financial support: FAPESP (2013/07467-1 to MCE), CNPq (461757/2014-1 to JPM-C) MCE and LMF-W are research fellows from CNPq (306376/2012-1 and 307587/2014-2 respectively). + Corresponding author: [email protected] Received 8 October 2015 Accepted 8 December 2015

deed, the study of protozoa has rapidly evolved from the molecular characterisation of eukaryotes through hostparasite interactions and ecoepidemiological aspects to therapeutic interventions. Several important mechanisms were first described in protozoa, such as nonconventional RNA polymerase II promoter sites (Clayton 2002), trans-splicing (Mayer & Floeter-Winter 2012) and RNA editing (Simpson et al. 2006). Some of these findings have been highly influential in other medical and biological fields, such as the discovery of telomeres protecting chromosomes in Tetrahymena (Blackburn & Gall 1978), the understanding of glycosylphosphatidylinositol protein anchor structures (Ferguson et al. 1985, Ferguson 1999), and the delineation of the respective roles of the T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 lymphocyte subsets against infectious agents in studies using Leishmania major-infected mice (Heinzel et al. 1989). In Brazil, where some protozoan infections are endemic, these aetiological agents and their vectors have attracted considerable interest from researchers and students. A few “founding fathers” (pioneers) of this field of science have nurtured later generations of protozoologists, resulting in the development of a solid network of 100 years of scientists. The evolution of science is the pillar that provides a solid foundation for the development of society by creating the means to face the challenges ahead (Cordova et al. 2015). The study of the origin of a scientific area and the identification of the motives behind its development in new disciplines provide important contributions to the understanding of future needs. This academic genealogy allows the development of qualifying studies based on the training of new researchers. Academic genealogy was defined by Sugimoto (2014) as a quantitative study of the intellectual heritage online | memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br

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Fig. 1: diagram of the tracking of Brazilian protozoologists. Each block represents a process and each arrow represents the information flow between processes.

perpetuated through academic orientation relationships among professors (i.e., mentors or supervisors) and their students. Various questions can be answered by building an academic genealogy. Sugimoto (2014) proposed five types of academic genealogies: honorific, egotistical, historical, paradigmatic, and analytical. These categories are not mutually exclusive, and most academic genealogies can be classified into at least two of these types. In this work, we followed the development of protozoology in Brazil using a historical and paradigmatic approach. Systematic data collection was performed through the analysis of formal thesis orientation and was organised to create a chain of mentorships, resulting in the construction of our academic genealogy. MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this work, the identification of researchers associated with protozoology who influenced (supervised) other researchers over a 100 year timespan was performed through seven processes (Fig. 1). The methodology was based on the analysis of two sources of Brazilian academic information that allowed the tracing of scholarly interactions among researchers. Process 1 - Identification of dissertations and theses related to protozoology - A local repository extracted from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) thesis database (Mena-Chalco & Rocha 2014) was used in this process. We identified 10,456 dissertations or theses with at least one

descriptor related to protozoology (Supplementary Table I). This quantity represented 1.7% of the 607,389 dissertations or theses registered in the local repository. Process 2 - Identification of supervisors of Masters and PhD students in protozoology - In this process, we extracted all supervisors’ names from the dissertations/ theses identified in process 1. The process handled incomplete or similar names using approximate string matching. Two names were considered the same/similar if the Levenshtein distance (Levenshtein 1966) between them was equal to 2. This process allowed us to identify 4,176 researchers related to the protozoology field. Process 3 - Identification of representative protozoologists in terms of the quantity of supervisions registered in the CAPES thesis database - In this process, researchers who supervised at least 10 projects were selected to generate a list of 248 supervisors (6% of 4,176 researchers). This threshold was considered suitable for manual inspection. Supplementary Table II presents the complete list of names obtained through this process. Process 4 - Identification of ancestors of the representative protozoologists - This process was performed recursively for each supervisor identified in the Lattes Platform. First, the name of the supervisor was identified and associated with its Lattes CV. Then, the same approach was undertaken for the supervisors of the supervisors until the inability to identify a new supervisor was reached. We identified 445 researchers as the ancestors of the 248 representative protozoologists.

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Process 5 - Identification of the descendants of the representative protozoologists - This process was accomplished by selecting the PhD students (process 1) who were supervised by the researchers obtained in process 3. We identified 1,335 direct descendants from the group of 248 representative protozoologists. Process 6 - Construction of a scientist network - In this process, the researchers identified in processes 3, 4 and 5 were used to generate a supervisor network (i.e., a directed graph where each node represented a researcher, and the edge represented the relationship between 2 researchers). Duplicated names were processed manually. A list of 1,997 complete names was generated as the result of this process (Supplementary Table III). Process 7 - Classification of protozoologists - This process was performed by manual inspection of each researcher identified in the previous process. Information from the protozoology field was associated with each of the 1,997 researchers using the Lattes Platform and academic repositories. RESULTS

Identification of scientists actively working in protozoology - This work aims to understand the past and present of Brazilian protozoology and the migration of scientists from protozoology to other fields and from other fields to protozoology. Academic dissertations and theses are an important source of information concerning the growth and evolution of science (Andersen & Hammarfelt 2011). Therefore, we accessed a data collection containing most of the Brazilian protozoologists from the CAPES database combined with the Lattes examination. By searching for the supervisors of actively working protozoologists, the supervisors of these supervisors, and so on, we identified the pioneers of this field in Brazil. Similarly, by searching for students trained by these actively working protozoologists, we identified other people currently working in the field. To establish the names of actively working protozoologists to nucleate our search, we prepared a set of 60 words (descriptors) (Supplementary Table I) for use as keywords to screen theses (Masters or PhD) present in the local CAPES thesis database, which contained all theses completed in Brazil from 1987-2011 (Mena-Chalco & Rocha 2014). A total of 10,456 Masters or PhD theses contained at least one such descriptor. This number corresponded to 1.7% of the total theses presented in the same period throughout all fields. A total of 4,176 researchers supervised these 10,456 dissertations/theses. As expected, the number of scientists diminished when we increased the number of works supervised per researcher (Fig. 2). For operational reasons, it might not be possible to analyse in detail all the 4,176 researchers (advisors) and the relevant factors considered in the adopted methodology. Therefore, only researchers with at least 10 dissertations/theses supervised in the field of protozoology were considered in our study (248 scientists) (Supplementary Table II). With a threshold of five or two dissertations, for instance, the number of researchers increases by 276% (689 researchers) or 745% (1,864 researchers), respec-

Fig. 2: relationship between the number of supervisors and number of theses generated from 1987-2011 containing at least one descriptor. Supplementary Table I containing 60 descriptors was used to screen the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel database. The graph indicates how many scientists supervised a different number of theses containing at least one descriptor as a keyword.

tively. With the threshold adopted, important pioneers in the field of protozoology are included in the analyses, but we recognise that this empirical value might penalise early career researchers. However, we believe that this arbitrarily selected threshold of 10 dissertations/theses was appropriate to define a selected group of representative researchers. A total of 36% of these researchers are or were members of the Brazilian Society of Protozoology in the period between 2000-2015. Identification of Brazilian protozoologists - We used the complete list of names in Supplementary Table II as a starting point to search for the people supervised by these people and vice versa (i.e., scientists who supervised these people). Using automated analysis of the local CAPES thesis database, we found students whom these researchers supervised (descendants). We did not search for students of these students because some of them were still settling, which could compromise our analysis. Based on the automated analysis of their Lattes CVs, we could also follow the advisors’ ancestors by searching for their supervisors and the supervisors of these supervisors available on the Lattes CV database (Fig. 1). As shown below, the analyses also allowed the identification of Brazilian supervisors who worked outside of protozoology and supervisors that were from other countries; thus, we could identify the seeds of Brazilian protozoology. These analyses provided a list of 1,997 names that were manually inspected through the Lattes CV examination, following the pathway shown in Fig. 3A. We used the following criteria to establish that a researcher is/was working in the field of protozoology. Researchers studying the biology of protozoa or protozoahost interaction were considered protozoologists. Additionally, scientists investigating protozoa vectors were considered protozoologists. In contrast, researchers working with protozoa but investigating the clinical aspects of diseases (e.g., mostly ophthalmologists, dermatologists, and cardiologists who study diseases caused by protozoa) were not considered protozoologists. From the total of

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Fig. 3: classification of scientists according to Lattes CV. A: pathway followed during inspection with Lattes CV; B: frequency of each category described in A; a: scientists working or who worked in the past in protozoology in Brazil; b: scientists working in protozoology outside of Brazil that were advisors of Brazilians; c: scientists that did not work in protozoology during their PhD or establish a research interest in this field but were advisors of scientists that migrated to protozoology; d: persons who developed their PhD in protozoology but are now involved in activities other than science; e: scientists who developed their PhD in protozoology but established research in another field.

1,997 names found, some were not included in the Lattes database. This discrepancy might have occurred for four different reasons: (i) misspelling of names, (ii) people who are no longer in science, (iii) foreign supervisors, and (iv) people who worked in protozoology before the Lattes CV was created. To include this last group in our analysis, we searched for these people in the CAPES database or in public repositories to identify their ancestors and the field in which they worked. To include supervisors from other countries, we searched for these people in PubMed to verify the field in which they work/worked. Finally, 10.86% of the 1,997 names could not be found in either the Lattes Platform, CAPES database, or public repositories and were removed from the forward analyses. These analyses allowed the classification of researchers into five different categories: (a) scientists who are working or previously worked in protozoology in Brazil, (b) scientists working in protozoology outside of Brazil who were advisors of Brazilians, (c) scientists who did not work in protozoology during their PhD and did not establish a research interest in this field but were advisors of scientists who migrated to protozoology, (d) people who obtained their PhD in protozoology but were now involved in activities other than science, and (e) scientists who developed their PhD in protozoology but established a research interest in another field (Supplementary Table III). The frequency of each group is presented in Fig. 3B. Based on the data, 907 names were identified as Brazilian protozoologists (classified as group a). Identification of Brazilian protozoology pioneers - To identify researchers who were Brazilian protozoology pioneers, we first assumed that people who were awarded a PhD in protozoology in Brazil were not pioneers but that the pioneers would be their advisors.

Therefore, we concluded that the pioneers were among the scientists who were awarded PhD degrees in other fields and then migrated to protozoology or people who were awarded PhDs in protozoology outside Brazil and then came to our country to establish a group here. Among the researchers classified as group a (Brazilian protozoologists), we manually searched the Lattes CV and the CAPES database for ones who were (766) and were not (141) awarded a PhD in protozoology (Fig. 4, Supplementary Table IV). Additionally, we searched the Lattes CV for researchers who were awarded a PhD in protozoology outside Brazil (15) (Supplementary Table V, in bold). Then, we determined in what year these researchers who did not receive a PhD in protozoology (141

Fig. 4: analysis of fields where scientists classified as developed their PhD. Scientists classified in category “PhD in protozoology” were divided into those who developed and those who did not develop PhDs in protozoology.

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Chagas, Samuel Pessoa, Hertha Meyer, Zigman Brener, Wladimir Lobato Paraense, Leonidas Deane, Maria von Paumgartten Deane, Amilcar Viana Martins, José Rodrigues da Silva, Washington Luiz Tafuri, Erney Felicio Plessmann de Camargo, Jayme Neves, Aluízio Prata, Thales de Brito, Astolpho Ferraz de Siqueira, Jeffrey Jon Shaw, Mario Endsfeldez Camargo, Isaac Roitman, Raymundo Martins de Castro, and Walter Colli.

Fig. 5: incoming scientists into protozoology. A: the graph shows the year in which each researcher who did not develop a PhD in protozoology published their first paper in this field. Red dots indicate the year that scientists who developed a PhD in protozoology outside of Brazil published their first paper in Brazil after their PhD; B: frequency of scientists immigrating into Brazilian protozoology according to the year of arrival.

names) or who received a PhD outside Brazil (15 names; a total of 156 names) established a protozoology group in Brazil. For scientists who arrived from other fields, we searched the Lattes CV for the year of their first paper published in protozoology (Supplementary Table V). For scientists who received their PhD outside of Brazil, we searched the Lattes CV for the year in which they published their first paper after their PhD from a position in Brazil (Supplementary Table V, in bold). Carlos Chagas’s paper describing T. cruzi was not found in PubMed but was considered due to its relevancy. Using this date as the year the scientist entered Brazilian protozoology, we plotted a graph of this incoming year for each of the 156 scientists who arrived in protozoology (Fig. 5A). Additionally, we plotted a graph showing the frequency of this influx according to the year of migration (Fig. 5B). From both analyses, it was clear that there were three waves of immigration into Brazilian protozoology: (i) up to and including 1974, (ii) between 1978-1993, and (iii) between 1998-2013. However, the drop observed after 2013 might be artificial because the collection of data is recent. Thus, we concluded that the pioneers (i.e., founders or precursors) of Brazilian protozoology were the 20 scientists who migrated into the field up to 1974: Carlos

Migration of protozoology into Brazilian science We also investigated the immigration and emigration of scientists to and from Brazilian protozoology. A total of 17.1% of the studied researchers immigrated into protozoology, based on the number of people who entered protozoology from other fields and arrived from protozoology outside of Brazil (156 names/907 total). Researchers who stayed in protozoology after their PhD corresponded to 68.4% of individuals, based on the 770 protozoologists who received a PhD in protozoology and were still acting as protozoologists, those who received a PhD in protozoology and were involved in other activities but still involved in science [group d: 167 (Supplementary Table III)], and those who received a PhD in protozoology and established a group in another field [group e: 188 (Supplementary Table III)]. Finally, we determined the percentage of people who left Brazilian protozoology to contribute to other fields of Brazilian science. To obtain this number, we divided the number of people classified as group e in Supplementary Table III (188) by the total number who received a PhD in protozoology. This analysis demonstrated that protozoology provided 16.7% of its PhDs to other fields of science. Academic genealogy of Brazilian protozoologists Finally, we constructed an academic genealogy (Fig. 6) that included all names classified as protozoologists to reflect the scenario of protozoology in Brazil. The resulting structure is a forest containing one tree for each scientist who entered Brazilian protozoology. A detailed view of this academic genealogy is available from professor.ufabc.edu.br/~jesus.mena/brazilian-protozoology-scenario/. It is clear that protozoology expanded in the mid-1970s. It is also clear that protozoology today consists of the descendants of the pioneers as well as other scientists who migrated to protozoology and supervised their students in this field. DISCUSSION

The analysis of the dynamics of Brazilian protozoology over the past century based on database searches from 1987-2011 allowed us to track and identify scientists who made important contributions by acting as the pioneers of this field. Moreover, we could determine the percentage of scientists immigrating to protozoology as well as the percentage of scientists who were supervised in protozoology but established a research group in another field. The field of Brazilian protozoology comprises at least 907 researchers. Certainly, there are other protozoologists who were not covered by our criteria and therefore were not included in our analysis. The interesting result is that a large number of people working in this field are the result of the efforts of 20 pioneers who introduced protozoa as

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Fig. 6: academic genealogy of Brazilian protozoology protozoologists (group a in Fig. 3) were included in this graph. Each circle represents one researcher and lines represent student-supervisor relationships. Persons identified as pioneers are shown in red, persons directly influenced by pioneers (students or students of their students) are shown in blue, and persons who arrived in protozoology after the pioneers and their descendants are shown in green. The x-axis shows the year of the conclusion of the PhD in protozoology or, for those who did not receive a PhD in protozoology, the year that they migrated to protozoology.

biological models or drug targets in the period between 1909-1974. In a seminal paper published in Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Carlos Chagas described T. cruzi and thereby introduced the study of protozoology in Brazil (Chagas 1909). Surprisingly, no descendants were identified for Carlos Chagas, probably because his descendants were clinical doctors and therefore were not classified as protozoologists according to the criteria used in this study. However, Carlos Chagas’s work at the beginning of the previous century was so complete in showing the causal agent of a disease and its relationship to an insect vector that it still inspires researchers today. In the 1940s, Samuel Pessoa inaugurated his huge contribution to the field by studying the behaviour of Leishmania in tissues (Pessoa & Barreto 1945) and the geographic distribution of phlebotomines (Barreto & Pessoa 1946). Hertha Meyer published on T. cruzi cul-

tivation (Meyer & de Oliveira 1948); this field of study evolved to include her contribution regarding the structural analysis of this organism. In the 1950s, the study of protozoa in Brazil expanded with Amilcar Viana Martins, Leonidas Deane, and Maria Deane, who investigated the epidemiology of leishmaniasis (Deane & Deane 1954, Martins et al. 1956), Zigman Brener and Washington Luiz Tafuri, who contributed to our understanding of Chagas disease (Brener 1952, de Queiroz & Tafuri 1957), José Rodrigues da Silva, who investigated hepatic problems related to Leishmania and amoeba infections (da Silva & de Paola 1957, da Silva & Torres 1957), and Wladimir Lobato Paraense, who was interested in Plasmodium (Paraense 1952). Then, over the next two decades, a new group of scientists migrated into protozoology. Their studies included the detection and treatment of Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Toxoplasma,

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and Plasmodium by Raymundo Martins de Castro (Sampaio et al. 1971), Aluízio Prata (Prata 1963), Mario Camargo (Camargo 1964b), and Thales de Brito (de Brito et al. 1962), the biology of trypanosomatids by Walter Colli (Alves & Colli 1974), Erney Camargo (Camargo 1964a), and Isaac Roitman (Roitman 1969), and epidemiological approaches to studying diseases and hosts by Jeffrey Shaw (Shaw & Lainson 1968), Jayme Neves (Neves et al. 1961), and Astolpho Ferraz de Siqueira (Barreto et al. 1963). These studies concluded the first phase of Brazilian protozoology. The co-authors of the works cited above certainly contributed to Brazilian protozoology and could be identified as founders of Brazilian protozoology. The pioneers/founders, together with the students they supervised, nucleated the Brazilian protozoologist network. Thus, the environment favouring the construction of this field in Brazilian science was created. By supervising new students, organising scientific meetings and working side by side with agencies to create programmes for financial support, these scientists solidified the foundations of Brazilian protozoology and allowed the influx of new scientists into this area. Immigration occurred in two waves. The entry of scientists between 1978-1993 might be a consequence of the creation of the Integrated Program for Endemic Diseases (PIDE), which was the Funding Programme from the Brazilian Council for Science Development (CNPq) that operated between 1976-1986. This programme invested the equivalent of 12 million American dollars in groups working in approximately 200 projects in endemic diseases (Gonçalves et al. 1988). Due to its differentiated financial policy, which means an initiative to influence the development of a special area, the programme had a huge impact on attracting more groups to work in protozoology, and our data reinforce this importance. The second wave of incoming scientists occurred after 1998 and might be the consequence of the elevated number of fellowships and resources offered by the CNPq. In this sense, national politics favoured Brazilian science, and protozoology took advantage of this situation. However, we cannot forget the contribution of International Funding Programmes such as the Tropical Diseases Research (TDR) of the World Health Organization. By tracking students who completed their PhD in protozoology, we observed that 85% of them were still involved with science. Considering that the other 15% might include people who teach in private universities using the knowledge acquired during their PhD, we can conclude that the resources invested in protozoology were very well returned to society. However, it is time to reflect on whether the current number of students completing their PhDs will be harnessed in Brazil as has occurred in the past. The scenario of protozoology in Brazil, as shown in Fig. 6, presents an increasing trend. Although the immigration dynamics presented in Fig. 5 showed a possible decrease in interest, Brazilian protozoology is the result of the work of pioneers and also (as evidenced by the green dots in Fig. 6) the consequence of the immigration of many scientists to protozoology who supervised their students in this area. It is important to reinforce that this flux requires financial support or strong funding programmes such as the PIDE and TDR.

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Our goal in this communication was to show the dynamics of protozoologists and the impact of protozoology on Brazilian science. The same approach can be used to study contributions in other fields. The use of different criteria can group people in various ways to reveal other trees and identify other pioneers, even in protozoology. The genealogy presented here is one of multiple possible methods to track our past and hopefully point to our future. From Isaac Newton to Stephen Hawking, the idea of “having seen further by standing on the shoulders of giants” has been used in science to recognise past mentors for new discoveries. We expect that in addition to serving as a source for research on the historical and paradigmatic aspects of Brazilian protozoology and positioning the contributions of the field to Brazilian science, this paper may be seen as a form of acknowledgement of the pioneering researchers who built the foundations of our work and inspired new generations of protozoology. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To Marcelo Reis, for grateful discussions concerning data analysis. REFERENCES Alves MJM, Colli W 1974. Agglutination of Trypanosoma cruzi by concavalin A. J Protozool 21: 575-578. Andersen JP, Hammarfelt B 2011. Price revisited: on the growth of dissertations in eight research fields. Scientometrics 88: 371-383. Barreto MP, Pessoa SB 1946. Contribuição para o estudo da distribuição geográfica dos flebótomos americanos (Diptera, Psychoidae). An Paul Med Cir 51: 261. Barreto MP, Siqueira AF, Correa FM 1963. Study on reservoirs and forest vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. I. Presence of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in forest outhouses. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 5: 289-293. Blackburn EH, Gall JG 1978. Tandemly repeated sequence at the termini of the extrachromosomal ribosomal RNA genes in Tetrahymena. J Mol Biol 120: 33-53. Brener Z 1952. Complement fixation with L. brasiliensis in cutaneous American leishmaniasis and in Chagas disease. Hospital 41: 269-275. Calkins GN 1911. The scope of protozoology. Science 34: 129-138. Camargo EP 1964a. Growth and differantiation in Trypanosoma cruzi. I. Origin of metacyclic trypanosomas in liquid media. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 6: 93-100. Camargo ME 1964b. Improved technique of indirect immunofluorescence for serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 6: 117-118. Chagas C 1909. Nova tripanozomiaze humana. Estudos sobre a morfolojia e o ciclo evolutivo do Schizotrypanum cruzi n. gen., n. sp., ajente etiolojico de nova entidade morbida do homem. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1: 159-218. Clayton CE 2002. Life without transcriptional control? From fly to man and back again. Embo J 21: 1881-1888. Cordova KE, Furukawa H, Yaghi OM 2015. The development of global science. ACS Cent Sci 1: 18-23. da Silva JR, de Paola D 1957. Histochemical changes in the hepatic reticuloendothelial system in kala-azar. Med Cir Farm 19: 211-215. da Silva JR, Torres E 1957. Amebic abscess of the liver; review and case report. Rev Bras Gastroenterol 9: 215-234.

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Levenshtein VI 1966. Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals. Soviet Physics-Doklady 10: 707-710. Martins AV, Brener Z, Mourão OG, Lima MM, de Souza MA, da Silva JE 1956. Autochthonous kala-azar in Minas Gerais. Rev Bras Malariol Doencas Trop 8: 555-563. Mayer MG, Floeter-Winter LM 2012. Identification of SL addition trans-splicing acceptor sites in the internal trasncribed spacer I region of pre-rRNA in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 107: 1070-1072.

Prata A 1963. Treatment of kala-azar with amphotericin B. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 57: 266-268.

Sampaio SA, Castro RM, Rivitti E, Sampaio SA 1971. Treatment of mucocutaneous (American) leishmaniasis with amphotericin B: report of 70 cases. Int J Dermatol 12: 388-394. Shaw J, Lainson R 1968. Leishmaniasis in Brazil. II. Observation on enzootic leishamaniasis in the lower Amazonian Basin. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 62: 396-405. Simpson AG, Stevens JR, Lukes J 2006. The evolution and diversity of kinetoplastid flagellates. Trends Parasitol 22: 168-174. Sugimoto CR 2014. Academic genealogy. In B Cronin, CR Sugimoto (eds.), Beyond bibliometrics: harnessing multidimensional indicators of scholarly impact, MIT Press, Cambridge, p. 365-382.

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 111(1): 1-30, January 2016

1

TABLE I Descriptors used to screen theses on Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel database Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma brucei Leishmania Plasmodium Toxoplasma Crithidia Parasita Parasito Protozoa Protozoário Trypanosomatideo Apicomplexa Doença de Chagas Doença do sono Leishmaniose Toxoplasmose Malária Giardia Giardiase Trychomonas Tricomonas Ameba Entamoeba Amebíase Neisseria Cinetoplasto kDNA Mini-círculo Maxi-círculo Kinetoplastida Bodo Endotrypanum Leptomonas Phytomonas Phlebotomineo Rhodnius Lutzomyia Barbeiro Babesia Eimeria Glicossomo Flagelados Flagelo Fagocitose Flebotominio Trofozoito Bradizoito Promastigota Amastigote Epimastigota Apicoplasto Tripanotiona Protista RNA leader Trans-splicing Monoxeno Heteroxeno Angomonas Tsetse Cryptobia Supplementary data

2

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

TABLE II Scientists that supervised at least 10 theses/dissertations containing at least one of the 60 descriptors present on Supplementary Table I Adauto Jose Goncalves De Araujo Adevair Henrique Da Fonseca Adjair Antonio Do Nascimento Alda Maria Da Cruz Aldina Maria Prado Barral Alejandro Miguel Katzin Alexandre Afranio Peixoto Alexandre Barbosa Reis Alfredo Miranda De Goes Alvaro Jose Romanha Alvimar Jose Da Costa Ana Lucia Teles Rabello Ana Maria De Castro Ana Maria Jansen Ana Paula Junqueira Kipnis Andrea Caetano Da Silva Andrea Mara Macedo Angela Hampshire De Carvalho Santos Lopes Angela Kaysel Cruz Anita Hilda Straus Takahashi Antonia Maria Ramos Franco Antoniana Ursine Krettli Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro Antonio Raimundo Lima Cruz Teixeira Antonio Walter Ferreira Armando De Oliveira Schubach Arnaldo Zaha Bartira Rossi Bergmann Bianca Silvana Zingales Bodo Wanke Camila Indiani De Oliveira Caris Maroni Nunes Carlos Eduardo Tosta Da Silva Carlos Graeff Teixeira Carlos Luiz Massard Carlos Renato Machado Carlos Wilson Gomes Lopes Celia Maria De Almeida Soares Celia Maria Machado Barbosa De Castro Celia Regina Da Silva Garcia Celso Vataru Nakamura Celuta Sales Alviano Cezar Martins De Sa Cirano Jose Ulhoa Clara Lucia Barbieri Mestriner Claude Pirmez Claudia Ida Brodskyn Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua Claudia Martins Carneiro Claudio Tadeu Daniel Ribeiro Conceicao Ribeiro Da Silva Machado Cristiana Ferreira Alves De Brito Deborah Aparecida Negrao Correa Denise Carmona Cara Machado Dulciene Maria De Magalhaes Queiroz Edelberto Santos Dias Edesio Jose Tenorio De Melo Edgar Marcelino Carvalho Filho Edward Felix Silva Eliane Lages Silva Elisa Cupollilo Supplementary data

Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel Elizabeth Igne Ferreira Elizabeth Malagueno De Santana Elizabeth Spangler Andrade Moreira Eloisa Amalia Vieira Ferro Eloy Guillermo Castellon Bermudez Elvio Carlos Moreira Elvira Maria Saraiva Chequer Bou Habib Erik Daemon De Souza Pinto Erika Martins Braga Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati Evaldo Nascimento Fernando Costa E Silva Filho Fernando De Queiroz Cunha Fernando Orefice Flavio Antonio Pacheco De Araujo Francisco Carlos Rodrigues De Oliveira Francisco Juarez Ramalho Pinto Gabriel Grimaldi Filho George Alexandre Dos Reis Geraldo Gileno De Sa Oliveira Gervasio Henrique Bechara Glaucius Oliva Gloria Regina Franco Guido Fontgalland Coelho Linhares Guilherme Loureiro Werneck Heitor Franco De Andrade Junior Helene Santos Barbosa Helio Langoni Heloisa Werneck De Macedo Hernando Antonio Del Portillo Obando Hiro Goto Ionice Felipe Ises De Almeida Abrahamsohn Italmar Teodorico Navarro Jacenir Reis Dos Santos Mallet Jaime Martins De Santana Jeffrey Jon Shaw Joao Aristeu Da Rosa Joao Palermo Neto Joao Santana Da Silva Joaquim Hernan Patarroyo Salcedo Jose Ciriaco Pinheiro Jose Clovis Do Prado Junior Jose Daniel Figueroa Villar Jose Franco Da Silveira Filho Jose Manuel Macario Rebelo Jose Maria Alvarez Mosig Jose Maria De Souza Jose Maria Soares Barata Jose Mauro Peralta Jose Roberto Meyer Fernandes Jose Roberto Mineo Jose Rodrigues Coura Joseli Lannes Vieira Judith Kardos Klotzel Julia Maria Costa Cruz Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto Julio Scharfstein Kenneth John Gollob Lain Carlos Pontes De Carvalho

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

Leda Quercia Vieira Leonor Laura Pinto Leon Leucio Camara Alves Ligia Miranda Ferreira Borges Lileia Goncalves Diotaiuti Lucia Mendonca Previato Lucile Maria Floeter Winter Luis Carlos Crocco Afonso Luis Eduardo Ramirez Giraldo Luiz Carlos Alves Luiz Hildebrando Pereira Da Silva Luiz Ricardo Orsini Tosi Manoel Barral Netto Manoel Otavio Da Costa Rocha Marcello Andre Barcinski Marcelo Simao Ferreira Marcia Cristina Paes Marcia Dos Santos Lazera Marco Aurelio Krieger Marco Tulio Antonio Garciazapata Marcos Andre Vannier Dos Santos Maria Aparecida Da Gloria Faustino Maria Aparecida Gomes Maria Cristina Machado Motta Maria Das Gracas Costa Alecrim Maria De Fatima Ferreira Da Cruz Maria De Fatima Martins Horta Maria De Nazareth Silveira Leal De Meirelles Maria Heloisa De Souza Lima Blotta Maria Imaculada Muniz Barboza Junqueira Maria Julia Manso Alves Maria Julia Salim Pereira Maria Lucia Belem Pinheiro Maria Norma Melo Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira Maria Terezinha Bahia Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni Mariangela Carneiro Marinete Marins Povoa Marlene Benchimol Marlene Isabel Vargas Viloria Marlene Tiduko Ueta Marta De Lana Marta Maria Geraldes Teixeira Marta Tavares D Agosto Mauricio Martins Rodrigues Maurilio Jose Soares Mauro Celio De Almeida Mazorchi Monica Lucia Gomes Nadia Regina Pereira Almosny Nanci Do Nascimento Nara Amelia Da Rosa Farias Narcisa Leal Da Cunha E Silva Nicolau Maues Da Serra Freire Nobuko Yoshida Octavio Fernandes Da Silva Filho Olindo Assis Martins Filho Osvaldo Pompilio De Melo Neto Otavio Henrique Thiemann Patricia De Azambuja Penna Patricia Sampaio Tavares Veras Paula Dias Bevilacqua Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla

3

Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta Paulo Inacio Da Costa Paulo Paes De Andrade Pedro Lagerblad De Oliveira Raimunda Nonata Ribeiro Sampaio Regina Maria Barretto Cicarelli Regina Maura Bueno Franco Reginaldo Pecanha Brazil Renata Guerra De Sa Renato Arruda Mortara Renato Augusto Da Matta Ricardo Lourenco De Oliveira Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli Ricardo Wagner De Almeida Vitor Rinaldo Aparecido Mota Rita De Cassia Alves Alcantara De Menezes Roberto Jose Da Silva Badaro Rodrigo Correa De Oliveira Romario Cerqueira Leite Ronald Bastos Freire Rosangela Zacarias Machado Salvatore Giovanni De Simone Samuel Goldenberg Santuza Maria Ribeiro Teixeira Selma Giorgio Selma Maria Bezerra Jeronimo Sergio Costa Oliveira Sergio Danilo Junho Pena Sergio De Albuquerque Sergio Salles Xavier Sergio Schenkman Silvana Marques De Araujo Silvia Reni Bortolin Uliana Sinval Pinto Brandao Filho Solange Lisboa De Castro Solange Maria Gennari Sonia Gumes Andrade Stenio Perdigao Fragoso Susie Andries Nogueira Sylvio Celso Goncalves Da Costa Tania Cremonini De Araujo Jorge Tania Maria Valente Pacheco Tecia Maria Ulisses De Carvalho Teresa Cristina Bergamo Do Bomfim Thais Cristina Baeta Soares Souto Padron Thais Gomes Verzignassi Silveira Ueslei Teodoro Ulisses Gazos Lopes Valeria Marcal Felix De Lima Vanderlei Rodrigues Vanete Thomaz Soccol Vanize De Oliveira Macedo Vicente De Paula Antunes Teixeira Virmondes Rodrigues Junior Wagner Luiz Tafuri Walderez Ornelas Dutra Wanderley De Souza Wanderli Pedro Tadei Washington Luiz Tafuri Wilson Mayrink Yara De Miranda Gomes Yara Maria Traub Cseko

source: Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel database in the period from 1987-2011. Supplementary data

4

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

TABLE III Classification of names according to diagram in Fig. 3A Name Absalom Lima Filgueira Ada Amalia Ayala Urdapilleta Adalberto Ramon Vieyra Adauto Castelo Adauto Jose Goncalves de Araujo Adelina Diaz de Ramirez Ademir de Jesus Martins Junior Aderson Zottis Adevair Henrique da Fonseca Adjair Antonio do Nascimento Adrian Martin Pohlit Adriana Barrinha Fernnades Adriana Carlos Rodrigues Fuzato Adriana da Roza Chaves Adriana Degrossoli Adriana dos Passos Lemos Adriana Goncalves de Oliveira Adriana Jardim de Almeida Adriana Lanfredi Rangel Adriana Melo Ferreira Adriana Oliveira Costa Adriana Oliveira dos Santos Adriane Pimenta da Costa Val Bicalho Adriane Regina Todeschini Adriano Defini Andricopulo Adriano Gomes da Silva Alan Mitchell Durham Alan Sher Alba Valeria Machado da Silva Albert Thomas Londero Alberto Carvalho da Silva Alberto Francisco Fachado Carvajales Alberto Gomes Ferreira Alberto Jesus Cornejo Mora Alcides Milton da Silva Alda Maria da Cruz Alda Maria Teixeira Ferreira Aldina Maria Prado Barral Aldo Mellender de Araujo Alejandra Saori Araki Alejandro Miguel Katzin Alena Mayo Iniguez Alessandra Conceicao Faria Aguiar Campos Alessandra D Almeida Filardy Alessandra Gutierrez Oliveira Alessandra Loureiro Morassutti Alessandra Mara Alves Ragozo Alessandra Rejane Ericsson de Oliveira Alessandra Santos D Alencar Alessandra Scofield Amaral Alessandro Aparecido Rodrigues da Silva Alessandro Comaru Pasqualotto Alex Garcia Todorov Alexander Sibajev Alexandra Lena Galetovic Carabantes Alexandre Afranio Peixoto Alexandre Barbosa Reis Supplementary data

Group c d c c c c e c c a a d c e e c a d d a a a a a a c b a c d a a a c a a c a a c a e c a a c d a a a

Name Alexandre Morrot Lima Alexandre Nizio Maria Alexandre Rego Souza Pinto Alfredo Carlos Rodrigues de Azevedo Alfredo Jose Afonso Barbosa Alfredo Jose Altamirano Enciso Alfredo Miranda de Goes Alice Machado da Silva Alicia Kompalic Cristo Aline Aparecida Rezende Rodrigues Aline Cardoso Caseca Volotao Aline Chaves Alexandrino Aline de Azevedo Aline do Carmo Franca Botelho Aline Fernandes Angella Martins Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo Aluizio Rosa Prata Alvaro Augusto Ribeiro D Almeida Couto Alvaro Cantini Nunes Alvaro Eduardo Eiras Alvaro Fernando Acosta Serrano Alvaro Jose Romanha Alverne Passos Barbosa Alvimar Jose da Costa Amadeu Cury Amanda Fortes Francisco America Kaori Tanaka Amilcar Vianna Martins Ana Acacia de Sa Pinheiro Ana Carolina Borella Anhe Ana Carolina Bussacos Maranhao Ana Carolina Campi Azevedo Ana Carolina de Aguiar Vasconcelos Carneiro Ana Carolina dos Santos Monteiro Ana Carolina Fonseca Lindoso Melo Ana Carolina Paulo Vicente Ana Carolina Renno Sodero Ana Claudia Goncalves Ana Claudia Ribeiro e Silva Ana Cristina Arend Ana Cristina Bahia Nascimento Ana Cristina da Silva Pinto Ana Cristina de Carvalho Botelho Ana Cristina dos Santos Otero Ana Cristina Rodrigues Saldanha Ana Cristina Vianna Mariano da Rocha Lima Ana de Cassia Oliveira Rosa Vexenat Ana de Nazare Martins da Silva Ana Iara da Costa Ferreira Ana Leuch Lozovei Ana Lucia Abreu Silva Ana Lucia Teles Rabello Ana Maria Barral de Martinez Ana Maria Caetano de Faria Ana Maria de Castro Ana Maria Dieckmann Ana Maria Jansen Franken

Group a c a c a c e c a a e c a a a e c b a d c a a a e d a a e d c c c a a a d c a e d d a a c c a e a

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

Name Ana Maria Reis Ferreira Ana Maria Revoredo da Silva Ventura Ana Paula Cabral de Araujo Lima Ana Paula Campanelli Ana Paula dos Reis Velloso Siciliano Ana Paula Ferreira Lopes Correa Ana Paula Galvao da Silva Ana Paula Iglesias Santin Ana Paula Junqueira Kipnis Ana Paula Maia Peixoto Marino Ana Paula Moreira Ana Paula Peconick Ana Paula Pimentel Cassilhas Ana Paula Rocha Gadelha Ana Paula Salles Moura Fernandes Ana Silvia Dagnone Ana Tereza de Mendonca Viveiros Ana Yece das Neves Pinto Analina Furtado Valadao Anamaria Aranha Camargo Anamaria Mello Miranda Paniago Anderson Barbosa de Moura Anderson Sena Barnabe Andre Dreyfus Andre Flavio Soares Ferreira Rodrigues Andre Gustavo Tempone Cardoso Andre Luis Bombeiro Andre Luiz Fonseca de Souza Andre Luiz Jeovanio da Silva Andre Luiz Land Curi Andre Luiz Pedrosa Andre Luiz Rodrigues Roque Andre Nobrega Pitaluga Andrea Alice da Silva Andrea Aparecida Morais Fernandes Andrea Bouer Andrea Caetano da Silva Andrea Carla Leite Chaves Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi Andrea Cristina Veto Arnholdt Andrea Henriques Pons Andrea Mara Macedo Andrea Pereira de Souza Andrea Rodrigues Avila Andrea Silvestre de Sousa Andrea Sobral de Almeida Andrea Teixeira de Carvalho Andrea Vieira Goncalves Andreia Dantas Medeiros Andreia Pires Dantas Andres Jimenez Galisteo Junior Andrew John George Simpson Andrey Jose de Andrade Andreza Pain Marcelino Anette Kelsei Partata Angela Andrade Maestrini Angela Cardoso de Alvarenga Angela Cristina Verissimo Junqueira Angela Cristina Volpini

Group c a a e d e d c c a e c d a a c c a c e c a a c c a e a d c a a a a a a a a c a a a a a c a a d c e a b a a d e a a

Name

5

Group

Angela Hampshire de Carvalho Santos Lopes Angela Kaysel Cruz Anibal Antonio da Silva Pereira Anissa Daliry Anita Hilda Straus Takahashi Annamaria Ravara Vago Anselmo Afonso Golynski Antonia Maria Ramos Franco Pereira Antoniana Ursine Krettli Antonio Campos Neto Antonio Carlos Alves Meirelles Filho Antonio Carlos Francesconi do Valle Antonio Cesar Rios Leite Antonio Cezar Rocha Cavalcante Antonio de Deus Filho Antonio de Oliveira Lima Antonio Florencio De Figueiredo Antonio Gildo de Bianchi Antonio Lima Cruz Teixeira Antonio Lucio Teixeira Junior Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro Antonio Marcos Guimaraes Antonio Medeiros Peregrino da Silva Antonio Neres Norberg Antonio Paes de Carvalho Antonio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho Antonio Sesso Antonio Walter Ferreira Aparecida de Fatima Michelin Aramis Augusto Pinto Argemiro Sanavria Ariane Baratta Masini Ariane Machado Lima Aristarco Goncalves Siqueira Filho Aristeu Vieira da Silva Aristides Cheto de Queiroz Arlei Marcili Arlene de Jesus Mendes Caldas Arlete Aparecida Martins Coelho Castelo Arlie C Todd Armando de Oliveira Schubach Arnaldo FI da Rocha Arnaldo Zaha Artur Torres Cordeiro Astolpho Ferraz de Siqueira Augusto Mello Simoes Barbosa Aurelio Pedroso Junior Aurelio Vicente Graca de Souza Aurilene Monteiro Bandeira Avelino Jose Bittencourt Barbara Cruz Tavares de Macedo Fernandes Barbara Kellen Antunes Borges Bartira Rossi Bergmann Beatriz Dolabela de Lima Beatriz Gomes Brazil Beatriz Gomes Guimaraes Beatriz Lilian da Silva Costa Souza Beatriz Rossetti Ferreira Bellisa de Freitas Barbosa

a a a e a a e a a c c c d c a a c a c c a c c c c c a a c c e e c c a a c a c a a a e e c c a d a a a a a a -

Supplementary data

6

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

Name Bernardo Galvao Castro Bernardo Simoes Franklin Bernd Liess Betania Maria Ribeiro Bianca Brand Ederli Bianca Chiganer Cramer Ribeiro Bianca Ervatti Gama Bianca Perdigao Olivieri Bianca Silvana Zingales Blima Fux Bodo Wanke Braulio Muzzi Ribeiro de Oliveira Bruna Cunha Gondim de Alencar Bruna Guimaraes Oliveira Bruno Antonio Marinho Sanchez Bruno Augusto Maciel Guedes Bruno da Rocha Azevedo Bruno de Bezerril Andrade Bruno Luiz Fonseca Schamber Reis Bruno Pereira Berto Byanca Regina de Paiva Caio Benjamin Dias Camila Alves Bandeira Falcao Camila Augusta de Oliveira Martins Camila del Sarto Macedo Camila Indiani de Oliveira Camila Junqueira Mazzoni Camila Maciel de Sousa Camila Marques Adade Camila Sachelli Ramos Camila Souza Lemos Camilo Adalton Mariano da Silva Candida Fagundes Teixeira Cardi Bruno Andrade Carina Elisei de Oliveira Carina Margonari de Souza Caris Maroni Nunes Carl Peter Von Dietrich Carla Claser Carla Cristina Braz Louly Carla de Almeida Cardozo Carla Domingues dos Santos Carla Gasparotto Shande Vasconcelos Carla Maria de Souza Menezes Carla Monica Pinheiro Carlos Alberto do Nascimento Ramos Carlos Alberto Garofalo Carlos Alberto Pereira Tavares Carlos Alexandre de Amorim Garcia Carlos Capistrano Goncalves de Oliveira Carlos Chagas Carlos da Silva Lacaz Carlos Eduardo Almeida Carlos Eduardo Calzavara Silva Carlos Eduardo Maia Gomes Carlos Eduardo Pereira Corbett Carlos Eduardo Peres Sampaio Carlos Eduardo Tadokoro Carlos Eduardo Tosta da Silva Supplementary data

Group a e e a e a a a c a c a a e a d c d a a e c a d c c c a a a c d c a c a e c a c a a c a c a a e a a

Name Carlos Eugenio Cavasini Carlos Frederico Loiola Carlos Frederico Martins Menck Carlos Graeff Teixeira Carlos Gustavo Regis da Silva Carlos Henryque De Souza E Silva Carlos Jose de Carvalho Pinto Carlos Luiz Massard Carlos Massayuki Kikuti Carlos Mauricio de Figueiredo Antunes Carlos Medicis Morel Carlos Noriyuki Kaneto Carlos Ramon Ruiz Miranda Carlos Renato Machado Carlos Roberto Alves Carlos Wilson Gomes Lopes Carmen Dea Ribeiro Paula Carol Homewood Carolina Borsoi Moraes Carolina de Oliveira Mendes Aguiar Carolina Furtado Torres da Silva Carolina Guilherme Prestes Beyrodt Carolina Maria Vianna de Freitas Carolina Nascimento Spiegel Caroline Dantas de Oliveira Caroline Furtado Junqueira Cassia Abadia Xavier Costa Cassio da Silva Baptista Catarina Gadelha Catia Amancio Almeida Cecilia Beatriz Fiuza Favali Ceclie Maria Antunes B Biancardi Celene Maria de Oliveira Simoes Alves Celeste da Silva Freitas de Souza Celeste Fava Netto Celia Alves de Almeida Celia Aparecida Paulino Celia Maria de Almeida Soares Celia Maria Gontijo Ferreira Celia Maria Machado Barbosa de Castro Celia Maria Silva Pedrosa Celia Maria Vieira Vendrame Celia Regina da Silva Garcia Celio Geraldo Freire de Lima Celio Lopes Silva Celso Barbosa de Santanna Filho Celso Cruz Tavares Celso Martins Pinto Celso Vataru Nakamura Celuta Sales Alviano Cezar Martins de Sa Charalambos P Kyriacou Charles Alfredo Covarrubias Flores Charles Anacleto Charles Keneth Whitehair Charles Salmon Christian Macagnan Probst Christian Robson de Souza Reis Christiane Contigli

Group a b c c a a a e a a a a a c b a a a a c a a d d a c a a a a c c a c a a a a c e a e a a a c c a c c

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

Name Christina Alves Peixoto Chung Man Chin Cibele Baptista Cicero Brasileiro Mello Neto Cid Sergio Ferreira Cinthia Furst Leroy Gomes Cintia Aparecida de Jesus Pereira Cintia Fernandes de Souza Cintia Fontes Alves Cirano Jose Ulhoa Clara Lucia Barbieri Mestriner Clarence A Speer Clarissa Romero Teixeira Claude Andre Solari Claude Pirmez Claudia Alves de Andrade Coelho Claudia Cristina Gulias Gomes Claudia de Matos Raja Gabaglia Claudia Dias Zettermann Claudia Ida Brodskyn de Assis Claudia Magalhaes Calvet Claudia Maia Brigagao Claudia Mara Lara Melo Coutinho Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua Claudia Maria Valete Rosalino Claudia Martins Carneiro Claudia Moura de Melo Claudia Portes Santos Silva Claudia Regina Lopes Cardoso Claudia Soares Santos Lessa Claudia Soares Zouain Claudia Sossai Soares Claudia Torres Codeco Claudia Zuleida Gonzalez Lombana Claudine Herzlich Claudiney Melquiades Rodrigues Claudio Alessandro Massamitsu Sakamoto Claudio Baptista de Carvalho Claudio Osmar Pereira Alexandre Claudio Roberto Madruga Claudio Romero Farias Marinho Claudio Tadeu Daniel Ribeiro Claudio Vieira da Silva Clayton Luiz Borges Clea Andrade Chiari Clea Nazare Carneiro Bichara Cleber Oliveira Soares Cleudson Nery de Castro Cleusa Alves Theodoro Rodrigues Clever Gomes Cardoso Cloe Duarte Fernandes Colete Fonseca Conceicao Ribeiro da Silva Machado Constanca Felicia de Paoli de Carvalho Britto Cornelius Bernard Van Niel Cristiana Ferreira Alves de Brito Cristiane Alves da Silva Menezes Cristiane da Silva Stabenow Cristiane de Souza Carvalho

Group c a d a c a c a d c a c a c a a c d c a a a a a c a c d c c c c c d e c c e a a a a c a a e c a a d a a a a c d

Name Cristiane Divan Baldani Cristiane Gaboggini Melo de Pinheiro Cristiane Guimaraes Morais Cristiane Varella Lisboa Cristiano Barros de Melo Cristiano Marcelo Espinola Carvalho Cristina de Oliveira Massoco Cristina de Souza Chaves Cristina Germani Fialho Cristina Henriques Cristina Ribeiro de Barros Cardoso Cristina Toscano Fonseca Cristina Wide Pissetti Cristine Hirsch Monteiro Crodowaldo Pavan Cynthia Rayol de Andrade Daniel Adesse Pedra Martins Daniel Claudio de Oliveira Gomes Daniel Sa Carvalho Daniel Vieira Dias Daniela de Melo Resende Daniela de Oliveira Procopio Daniela de Pita Pereira Daniela de Stefani Marquez Daniela Fiori Gradia Daniela Goncales Rando Daniela Lelles de Souza Daniela Luz Ambrosio Daniela Parada Pavoni Daniela Pedrassani Daniela Rodrigues de Faria Daniela Sales Alviano Moreno Daniela Santoro Rosa Daniele da Silva Ferreira Daniele dos Santos Andrade Daniele Pereira de Castro Daniella Alchaar D Avila Daniella Areas Mendes da Cruz Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu Daniella Regina Arantes Martins Danielle Ferreira de Magalhaes Danielle Frias Ribeiro Bisaggio Danielle Gomes Passos Silva Danielle Maria Nascimento Moura Danielle Pereira Cavalcanti Danielle Pereira Vieira Danielle Reis Napolitano Danilo Ciccone Miguel Darcy Fontoura de Almeida Dario Abbud Righi David Charles Warhurst David Eduardo Barroso David Nascimento Silva Teixeira Debora Barreiros Petropolis Debora de Oliveira Lopes Debora Naves Santos Debora Pereira Garcia Melo Debora Rochelly Alves Ferreira Debora Rose de Oliveira

7

Group d d a e e c a d a c c a c c a d d a d a a a c a a e a c e d a a a e a a a c e a a a a a c c b c c d c c a e e Supplementary data

8

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

Name Deboraci Brito Prates Deborah Aparecida Negrao Correa Deila Jordao Franco Deise Aparecida de Oliveira Silva Deivid Costa Soares Delir Correa Gomes Maues da Serra Freire Denise Barcante Castro Pinto Denise Bertulucci Rocha Rodrigues Denise Borges dos Santos Dias Denise Carmona Cara Machado Denise Costa Arruda Denise da Silveira Lemos Denise Fonseca Cortes Denise Oliveira da Rosa Denise Valle Diamar da Costa Pinto Diana Cordeiro Taboada Diana Magalhaes de Oliveira Diane Mcmahon Pratt Diego Peres Alonso Dilvia Ferreira da Silva Diogenes Aparicio Garcia Cortez Dirceu Bartolomeu Greco Dirceu Joaquim Costa Diva do Carmo Teixeira Djair dos Santos de Lima E Souza Donaldo Rosa Pires Junior Dong Hyun Kim Dorlene Maria Cardoso Aquino Dorly de Freitas Buchi Duarte da Silva Dulce Helena Ferreira De Souza Dulciene Maria de Magalhaes Queiroz Dyann Wirth Ed Palmer Edalton dos Reis Silva Edelberto Santos Dias Eden Ribeiro Freire Edenilze Teles Romeiro Edesio Jose Tenorio de Melo Edgar Marcelino de Carvalho Filho Edilaine Marcia Fernandes Camargo Edilene Alcantara de Castro Edilene Oliveira da Silva Edmundo Carlos Grisard Edna Barbosa de Souza Edna Freymuller Haapalainen Edson Luiz Paes Camandaroba Edson Roberto da Silva Edson Rondinelli Edson Sidiao de Souza Junior Eduardo Bastianetto Eduardo Caio Torres dos Santos Eduardo de Almeida Marques da Silva Eduardo Fonseca Pinto Eduardo Henrique Gomes Rodrigues Eduardo Jose Lopes Torres Eduardo Lani Volpe da Silveira Eduardo Martins Netto Supplementary data

Group a c d a a c a a a c e a a d a d c c b a a c c e c c c c c c a c b c a a c a a c a a a a a c a a c d a a a a c a c

Name Eduardo Osorio Cisalpino Eduardo Penna Franca Eduardo Sergio da Silva Edward Felix Silva Edwards Frazao Teixeira Egler Chiari Elaine Bernardo Mapeli Elaine Soares Coimbra Elaine Speziali de Faria Elen Mello de Souza Elenice Moreira Lemos Eleuza Rodrigues Machado Eliame Mouta Confort Eliana Lucia Tomaz do Nascimento Eliane Correa de Santana Eliane Cristina Laurentino Eliane de Morais Teixeira Eliane Gomes de Almeida Eliane Lages Silva Eliane Maria Vieira Milward De Azevedo Eliane Perlatto Moura Elias Jorge Facury Filho Eliete Cavalcante da Silva Elieth Afonso de Mesquita Eline S Prado Eliomara Sousa Sobral Alves Elisa Cupolillo Elisa Neves Vianna Elisa San Martin Mouriz Savani Elisabeth Neumann Elisaldo Luiz de Araujo Carlini Elisandra Marcia Rodrigues Elita Scio Fontes Elizabeth Castro Moreno Elizabeth Cristina de Almeida Bessa Elizabeth de Souza Neves Elizabeth do Nascimento Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel Elizabeth Gloria Oliveira Barbosa Santos Elizabeth Igne Ferreira Elizabeth Luz Sanchez Romani Elizabeth Malagueno de Santana Elizabeth Spangler Andrade Moreira Ellen de Souza Marques Ellen Synthia Fernandes de Oliveira Elmo Eduardo de Almeida Amaral Eloi de Souza Garcia Eloisa Amalia Vieira Ferro Eloisa Freitas Eloy Guillermo Castellon Bermudez Elsa Evelia Nieves Blanco Elton Jose Rosas de Vasconcelos Elvio Carlos Moreira Elvio Machado da Rocha Elvira Maria S Chequer Bou Habib Elza Ferreira Noronha Emanuelle Baldo Gaspar Emerson Augusto Castilho Martins Emilia Akemi Shiraishi Kimura

Group a a a a c a c e a c a a d a d a c a c a c e a a a c c e c a a a a a c c e c a a a d a e c d a a e e a

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

Name Eneida Cesar Mastrantonio Eneida Willcox Rego Enrique Roberto Arganaraz Eric Faudry Erica Araujo Mendes Erica dos Santos Martins Duarte Erica Paes Barreto Xavier Moraes Erich Loza Telleria Erick Vaz Guimaraes Erico Vinicius de Souza Carmo Erik Daemon de Souza Pinto Erika Hellena Esther Hoffmann Erika Izumi Erika Maria Kopp Xavier da Silveira Erika Martins Braga Erika Michalsky Monteiro Ermelinda Maria Reis Domingues de Carvalho Ernesto Marcus Erney F Plessmann de Camargo Esteban Mauricio Cordero Veas Estela Maris Andrade Forell Bevilacqua Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe Etel Rocha Vieira Ethan Menahen Shevach Eufrosina Setsu Umezawa Eumenia da Costa Cunha Castro Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati Eurione Antonio Garcia da Veiga Jardim Eustaquio Claret dos Santos Evaldo Ferreira Vilela Evaldo Nascimento Evander de Jesus Oliveira Batista Eveline Gomes Vasconcelos Evelise de Souza Monteiro Fonseca Evelyn Kety Pratt Riccio Everton Botelho Sougey Fabiana Maria Ruiz Lopes Fabiana Rodrigues dos Santos Fabiana Simao Machado Fabiane Matos dos Santos Fabiano Borges Figueiredo Fabiano Sviatopolk Mirsky Pais Fabio Aguiar Alves Fabio Barbour Scott Fabio Husemann Menezes Fabio Luiz D Alexandri Fabio Marcio Squina Fabio Mitsuo Lima Fabio Ribeiro da Silva Fabio Rinaldo Santori Fabio Trindade Maranhao Costa Fabiola Barbieri Holetz Fabiola Cardillo Fabiola do Nascimento Correa Fabricia Helena Santello Fabricio Cesar Dias Fabricio Freire de Melo Fabricio Klerynton Marchini Fabricio Montalvao Ferreira

Group a c a a a a a a d c d a e a a c a a c c c a c a d e c c a a c a c c a a a a e d c c e d c a a a c d a c a e

Name Falqueto Aloisio Fanny Beatriz Zamora Veyl Fanny Tzelepis Fatima Heritier Corvalan Fatima Soares Motta Noronha Felipe de Almeida Dias Felipe de Mello Vigoder Ferdinan Almeida Melo Fernanda Barbosa Nogueira Fernanda Caldas Cardoso Fernanda Cristina Macedo Rondon Fernanda Fortes de Araujo Fernanda Janku Cabral Fernanda Magalhaes Freire Campos Fernanda Maria Santiago Fernanda Nobre Amaral Villani Fernanda Oliveria Novais Fernanda Rosalinski Moraes Fernando Alves de Lima Franco Fernando Antonio Botoni Fernando Araujo Monteiro Fernando Augusto de Freitas Fernando Braga Stheling Dias Fernando Costa E Silva Filho Fernando de Almeida Borges Fernando de Macedo Dossin Fernando de Pilla Varotti Fernando de Queiroz Cunha Fernando Delgado Pretel Fernando Dias de Avila Pires Fernando Luiz de Lucca Fernando Orefice Fernando Pavao Fernando Queiroz de Almeida Filipe Dantas Torres Filomena MP Balestieri Firmino Torres de Castro Flavia Andrade Chaves Borges Flavia Aparecida de Oliveira Flavia Aparecida Paina Flavia Coelho Ribeiro Flavia da Silva Nader Motta Flavia de Almeida Vieira Flavia Falci Ercole Flavia Guimaraes Rodrigues Flavia Regina Almeida Campos Flavio Alves Lara Flavio Antonio Pacheco de Araujo Flavio Henrique Beraldo de Paiva Flavya Mendes de Almeida Flor Ernestina Martinez Espinosa Floriano Paes Silva Junior Francisco Acacio Alves Francisco Carlos Rodrigues de Oliveira Francisco de Carvalho Dias Filho Francisco Duque de Mesquita Neto Francisco Jeronymo Salles Lara Francisco Jose Queiroz Monte Francisco Juarez Ramalho Pinto

9

Group a e a a a a a c d a c a e c d a a d e c d a c d a c c a c a a d c c d d c a a a c e c a c a a a c c c a Supplementary data

10

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

Name Francisco Marlon Carneiro Feijo Francisco Martins Teixeira Franco Claudio Bonetti Francois Noireau Franklin Barbalho Magalhaes Franklin Federico Mujica Linarez Frederico Guilherme Coutinho Abath Fredy Roberto Salazar Gutierrez Gabriel Antonio Nogueira Nascentes Gabriel Eduardo Melim Ferreira Gabriel Grimaldi Filho Gabriel Melo de Oliveira Gary A Splitter Geane Peroni Brandao Geisa Baptista Barros Geisy Monteiro de Almeida George Alexandre dos Reis George Rego Albuquerque Georgia Correa Atella Geovania Maria da Silva Braga Geraldo Gileno de Sa Oliveira Gerhard Wunderlich Germano Carneiro da Costa Gerson Salay Gervasio Henrique Bechara Giane Amaral de Oliveira Giani Franca Santoro Gifone Aguiar Rocha Gil Fernando da Costa Mendes De Salles Gil Vicente Oliveira da Silva Gilberto Garcia Botelho Gilberto Mendes de Oliveira Castro Gilberto Weissmuller Gilcilene Maria dos Santos Gilda Maria Sales Barbosa Gilson Pereira de Oliveira Gilvania Coutinho Silva Feijo Ginelza Peres Lima dos Santos Giovanna Negromonte Torquato Girley Francisco Machado de Assis Gisele Fernanda Assine Picchi Gisele Maria de Andrade Giselle Maria Rachid Viana Gislaine Aparecida Martins Giulliano Aires Anderlini Glaucia Manzan Queiroz de Andrade Glaucia Noemy Rodrigues Vespa Glaucie Jussilane Alves Glaucius Oliva Glenda Meira Cardoso Glenio Cavalcanti de Barros Gloria Cadavid Restrepo Gloria Regina Franco Gordon Lewis Edwin Koch Graziela Maria Zanini Greice Krautz de Mello Guacyara Tenorio Cavalcante Guido Fontgalland Coelho Linhares Guilherme Correa de Oliveira Supplementary data

Group c c a b a a b a a a e c a d a a a c c a d a c a c c d c c c e d c d a d a a c a a d c a a c a a a c a d

Name Guilherme Costa Matsutani Guilherme Loureiro Werneck Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero Gustavo Carlos Heringer Gustavo Chemale Gustavo Coutinho Cerqueira Gustavo Ferreira Martins Gustavo Fontes Paz Gustavo Henrique Goulart Trossini Gustavo Miranda Rocha Habib Frahia Neto Handel Goncalves Nogueira Oliveira Busatti Hatisaburo Masuda Hector Barrabin Hector Francisco Terenzi Heitor Franco de Andrade Junior Heitor Miraglia Herrera Helcileia Dias Santos Helcio Resende Borba Helder Magno Silva Valadares Helen Rodrigues Martins Helena Bonciani Nader Helena Heloisa Paixao Helena Hilomi Taniguchi Helena Keiko Toma Helena Lucia Carneiro Santos Helena Teru Takahashi Helene Santos Barbosa Helia Maria Cannizzaro Helio Langoni Helio Santa Rosa Costa Silva Heloisa Cristina da Silva Heloisa Werneck de Macedo Helton da Costa Santiago Henio Godeiro Lacerda Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira Henrique Couto Teixeira Henrique de Paula Lemos Heonir De Jesus Pereira da Rocha Heonir Rocha Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes Herbert Rodrigues Goulart Hermann Goncalves Schatzmayr Hermione Elly Melara de Campos Bicudo Hernan Chaimovich Hernando Del Portillo Hertha Meyer Herton Helder Rocha Pires Hideko Yamanaka Hilda Fatima de Jesus Pena Hilton Ribeiro da Rocha Hiro Goto Hooman Momen Hugo Caire de Castro Faria Neto Humberto de Araujo Rangel Idessania Nazareth da Costa Ieda Maria Martinez Paino Igor de Almeida Rodrigues Ilea Brandao Rodrigues

Group a a c c a c a a a a a c a a a c a a c c a e a e a d a d c c e a c c c c c a e c c c a a c c a a a a a a c a a

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

Name Ingrid Solange Evans Osses Ionice Felipe Iramaya Rodrigues Caldas Irene da Silva Soares Isaac Roitman Isabel Albuquerque Porto Carreiro Isabel Barroso Augusto da Silva Isabel Cristina Fabregas Bonna Isabel Martinez Isabela Penna Ceravolo Isabele Barbieri dos Santos Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremiao Isaias Raw Ises de Almeida Abrahamsohn Isis Fernandes Magalhaes Santos Italmar Teodorico Navarro Italo Rodrigues De Araujo Sherlock Ivan da Mota E Albuquerque Ivan M Roitt Ivan Teobaldo Neira Cortes Ivan Vieira Sonoda Ivana Nunes Gomes Ivete Conchon Costa Ivna Alana Freitas Brasileiro da Silveira Ivo Santana Caldas Ivonise Follador de Oliveira Izabela Marques Doutrado Bastos Izabella Cabral Hassum Izaltina Silva Jardim Izilda Curado Jacenir Reis dos Santos Mallet Jacira Maria Andrade de Sousa Jackson Machado Pinto Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez Leite Jacques Robert Nicoli Jacy Gameiro Jaime Martins de Santana Jair Pereira da Cunha Junior Jair Rodine Engracia Filho Jairo Dias Barreira Jairo Pinheiro da Silva Jaline Coutinho Silverio James Harvey Maguire Jamile Prado dos Santos Jan Carlo Morais Oliveira B Delorenzi Janaina Claudia da Silva Saldanha Janaina Fernanda Goncalves Neto Janaina Sousa Campos Janayna Hammes de Almeida Jane Lima dos Santos Janete Chung Janete Soares Coelho dos Santos Janethe Deolina de Oliveira Pena Janeusa Trindade de Souto Jaqueline Brandao Guerreiro Marotti Jayme Angluster Jayme Augusto de Souza Neto Jayme Neves Jean Antoine Rioux

Group a c c a a d a a a d c c a a a a c d a a c a c a a a e c c c c a a a c d b e a d e d d a e a c c c a a a b

Name Jean Dausset Jean Yveslaronze Jeanne Blanco de Molfetta Jeffrey Jon Shaw Jenner Karlisson Pimenta dos Reis Jeronimo Conceicao Ruiz Jerusa Marilda Arantes Jesus Santiago Moure Joana Ferreira do Amaral Joanna Darc Aparecida Herzog Soares Joao Aguiar Nogueira Batista Joao Alves Araujo Filho Joao Aristeu da Rosa Joao Atilio Jorge Joao Carlos Araujo Carreira Joao Carlos Gonzales Joao Carlos Palazzo de Mello Joao Carlos Pinto Dias Joao Elias Vidueira Ferreira Joao Garcia Leme Joao Luis Garcia Joao Luiz Ferreira Joao Luiz Horacio Faccini Joao Luiz Mendes Wanderley Joao Morelli Junior Joao Palermo Neto Joao Roberto da Mata Joao Santana da Silva Joao Soares Moreira Joao Tadeu Ribeiro Paes Joaquin Hernan Patarroyo Salcedo Joel Alves Lamounier John F Peberdy John Leslie Turk Jolande Disch Jonh Furlong Jorge Alberto Lopez Rodriguez Jorge Almeida Guimaraes Jorge Andrade Pinto Jorge Cardoso Messeder Jorge Clarencio Souza Andrade Jorge Elias Kalil Filho Jorge Luiz Pesquero Jorge Marcelo de Freitas Jose Adail Fonseca de Castro Jose Ailton da Silva Jose Alberto Sampaio Nunes de Mello Jose Almir Moraes da Rocha Jose Andries Morgado Diaz Jose Angelo Lauletta Lindoso Jose Bento Pereira Lima Jose Borges Pereira Jose Carlos Miranda Jose Carlos Pereira de Souza Jose Carlos Serufo Jose Ciriaco Pinheiro Jose Clovis do Prado Junior Jose da Rocha Carvalheiro Jose Daniel Figueroa Villar

11

Group c a c a e c e a e c c c a c c a d c a c c a c c a a e c a c b e c c e a a c d a a a a a e a c c c a a a Supplementary data

12

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

Name Jose Daniel Lopes Jose de Angelis Cortes Jose de Moura Goncalves Jose de Ribamar de Castro Carvalho Jose Divino Lima Jose Eduardo Serrao Jose Eduardo Tolezano Jose Eloy dos Santos Junior Jose Eymard Homem Pitella Jose Franco da Silveira Filho Jose Henrique Maia Campos de Oliveira Jose Jurberg Jose Leal Prado Jose Lino Neto Jose Luciano Nepomuceno da Silva Jose Luiz de Barros Araujo Jose Luiz Martins do Nascimento Jose Manuel Macario Rebelo Jose Marcelo Ramalho Ortigao Jose Marcio Sbruzzi Cardoso Jose Maria Alvarez Mosig Jose Maria de Souza Jose Maria Segovia de Arana Jose Maria Soares Barata Jose Mario de Freitas Balanco Jose Mauro Peralta Jose Miguel Ortega Jose Orivaldo Mengele Junior Jose Osvaldo Costa Jose Osvaldo Previato Jose Raimundo Correa Jose Ribamar Mesquita Teixeira Jose Roberto Meyer Fernandes Jose Roberto Mineo Jose Rodrigues Coura Jose Rodrigues da Silva Jose Ronnie Carvalho de Vasconcelos Jose Wilton Pinheiro Junior Joseli de Oliveira Ferreira Joseli Lannes Vieira Josiana Gomes de Andrade Josiane Cardoso Joyce Eliza de Oliveira Souza Juan Miguel Villalobos Salcedo Jucara Fahrat de Carvalho Parra Judith Felcman Judith Kardos Kloetzel Judith Tibisay Molina David Julia Maria Costa Cruz Julia Pinheiro Chagas da Cunha Juliana Cristina Schmidt Juliana da Matta Furniel Dutra Juliana de Assis Silva Gomes Estanislau Juliana de Meis Juliana Dias Costa Roque Juliana Giantomassi Machado Juliana Gonzaga de Oliveira Juliana Hipolito Pessoti Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto Supplementary data

Group c c d c c a e a a a c c a c c a a d a a a e a c c a e a a a a a a e a a c e a c a d c a d e a a a e a a

Name Juliana Martha Sa Juliana Natal Amazonas Juliana Perrone Bezerra de Menezes Juliana Ramos Pimenta Juliana Saraiva Juliano Simoes de Toledo Juliany Cola Fernandes Rodrigues Julio Cesar Carranza Martinez Julio Cesar Mine Julio Cesar Rocha Costa Julio Cesar Soares Aliberti Julio Flavio Meirelles Marchini Julio Pudles Julio Scharfstein Junia de Sousa Franco Karen Angelica Cavassani de Souza Karen dos Santos Charret Karen Luisa Haag Karin Kirchgatter Karina Nogueira Zeviani Karina Penedo Carvalho Karine Rezende de Oliveira Karis Maria de Pinho Rodrigues Karla Consort Ribeiro Katia Cirlene Alves Botelho Katia da Silva Calabrese Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani Katia Roberta Fernandes Katia Solange Cardoso Rodrigues dos Santos Katyane de Sousa Almeida Kelly Aparecida Geraldo Yoneyama Kelly Salomao Kelsen Dantas Eulalio Kennedy Kiriira Gachoka Kenneth John Gollob Kezia Katiani Gorza Scopel Kildare Rocha de Miranda Killarney Ataide Soares Klaus Scherrer Klaus Wrogemann Laerte Bento Viola Laerte Grisi Lain Carlos Pontes de Carvalho Lais de Carvalho Lanny Cristina Burlandy Soares Larry Simpson Laura C Barbosa de Oliveira Laura Nogueira da Cruz Lea Camillocoura Lea Cysne Finkelstein Lea Ferreira Camillo Coura Leandro Lemgruber Soares Leda Quercia Vieira Leidi Maria Herrera Cabrera Leila de Mendonca Lima Leila Ines Aguiar Raposo da Camara Coelho Leila Maria Silva Lopes Leila Saddi Ortega Lenita Ramires dos Santos

Group d a d d a a c c e e a a a a a c a a a e c c a e c e e a a c b a a d c e a a a c b a a a a a a a e d e

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

Name Leonardo Augusto de Almeida Leonardo de Souza Rocha Leonardo Freire de Lima Leonardo Jose de Moura Carvalho Leonardo Jose Richtzenhain Leonardo Nimrichter Leonardo Pereira Quintella Leoni Villano Bonami Leonidas de Mello Deane Leonor Bezerra Guerra Leonor Garcia Rincon Leonor Laura Pinto Leon Leony Cristina Caetano Leopoldo de Meis Leucio Camara Alves Lia Carolina Almeida Soares de Medeiros Liana Cardoso Verinaud Liane Casagrande Lidia Maria Pepe de Moraes Lidiane Aparecida Pereira de Sousa Ligia Miranda Ferreira Borges Lileia Goncalves Diotaiuti Liliam de Oliveira Faria Macaneiro Lilian Lacerda Bueno Lilian Maria Castilho Lilian Maria Reis Afonso Liliana Torcoroma Garcia Sanchez Liliane Coelho da Rocha Nery Liliane Martins dos Santos Linda Khalili Boukai Lindamar Maria de Souza Minelli Lindsay Ann Pirrit Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli Lizandra Guidi Magalhaes Loic Monjour Loislene Oliveira Brito Loraine Campanati Araujo de Andrade Lourdes Maria Garcez dos Santos Silveira Luci Ana Fernandes Martins Lucia Eiko Oishi Yai Lucia Helena Odwyer de Oliveira Lucia Helena Pinto da Silva Lucia Maria da Cunha Galvao Lucia Mendonca Previato Lucia Padilha Cury Thomaz de Aquino Luciamare Perinetti Alves Martins Luciana da Conceicao Pinto Luciana da Silva Mukai Luciana de Almeida Silva Luciana de Fatima Sianto Martins Luciana de Gouvea Viana Luciana de Oliveira Andrade Luciana Furlaneto Luciana Girotto Gentil Luciana Lima Luciana Lopes de Almeida Ribeiro Garzoni Luciana Loureiro Penha Pacheco Luciana Madeira da Silva Luciana Maria Silva

Group c a a a c c c a c c a d c a a a d c e c a a a e d a e d e a b e e a a a a a d a a c a e a c e a a e c

Name Luciana Mori Viero Luciana Regina Meireles Luciana Ribeiro Garzoni Luciana Rodrigues de Almeida Luciana Teixeira Zimmermann Luciana Urbano dos Santos Luciana Vignolio Alves Luciana Weidlich Luciane Moreno Storti de Melo Luciane Rodrigues Portugal Luciano Andrade Moreira Luciano Aparecido Panagio Luciano Melo de Souza Luciene Chaves Fernandes Lucila Grossi Goncalves Pacifico Lucile Maria Floeter Winter Lucilene Amorim Silva Lucilene Simoes Mattos Lucimar Goncalves Milagres Lucimeire Antonelli da Silveira Lucio Andre Viana Dias Lucio Ayres Caldas Lucio Holanda Gondim de Freitas Junior Lucio Roberto Cancado Castellano Lucy Megumi Yamauchi Lioni Ludmila Fiorenzano Baethgen Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira Luigi Bogliolo Luis Andre Pontes Luis Carlos Crocco Afonso Luis Eduardo Ramirez Giraldo Luis Fernando Santana Luis Natividad Nunez Apaza Luisa Damazio Rona Pitaluga Luiz Alberto Santana Luiz Antonio Franco da Silva Luiz Antonio Rodrigues de Freitas Luiz Augusto Batista Brito Luiz Augusto Magalhaes Luiz Augusto Pinto Luiz Caetano da Silva Luiz Candido de Souza Dias Luiz Carlos Alves Luiz Carlos Duarte Formiga Luiz Carlos Junqueira Luiz Claudio Miletti Luiz da Silva Vieira Luiz de Macedo Farias Luiz Dione Barbosa de Melo Luiz Fabiano Borges Oliveira Luiz Fernando Rocha Ferreira da Silva Luiz Hildebrando Pereira da Silva Luiz Marcelo Aranha Camargo Luiz Ricardo Orsini Tosi Luiz Roberto Sardinha Luiz Rodolpho Raja Gabaglia Travassos Luiz Vicente Rizzo Lukas C Kuhn Luzia Helena Carvalho

13

Group c a a a a a d c a d a e d c c a a d e a a a a a a c a c a a a a a c a c c d c c a c a c c a a a a a a a a a a Supplementary data

14

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

Name Luzineide Wanderley Tinoco Lysangela Ronalte Alves Magdalena Nascimento Renno Maira Cegatti Bosetto Manoel Adriao Gomes Filho Manoel Barral Netto Manoel Otavio da Costa Rocha Manoel Paes de Oliveira Neto Manzelio Cavazzana Junior Mara Silvia Carvalhaes Marcel Ivan Ramirez Araya Marcel Marin Villa Marcel Teixeira Marcela Barbosa de Figueiredo Marcela de Freitas Lopes Marcela Goncalves Drummond Marcela Lencine Ferraz Marcela Orsini Andrade Marcello Andre Barcinski Marcello Xavier Sampaio Marcelo Beltrao Molento Marcelo da Silva Genestra Marcelo Einicker Lamas Marcelo Luiz Carvalho Goncalves Marcelo Ribeiro da S Briones Marcelo Rodrigues Pinto Marcelo Salabert Gonzalez Marcelo Santos Castilho Marcelo Tavares Viana Marcelo Urbano Ferreira Marcelo Vidigal Caliari Marcia Alcantara Santos Marcia Almeida de Melo Marcia Antoniazi Michelin Marcia Aparecida Duranti Marcia Aparecida Speranca Marcia Attias Marcia Benedita de Oliveira Silva Marcia Chame Marcia Cristina Alves Teixeira Marcia Cristina Aquino Teixeira Marcia Cristina Fornazim Marcia Cristina Paes Marcia de Berredo Pinho Marcia de Figueiredo Pereira Marcia de Melo Barbosa Marcia dos Santos Lazera Marcia Ferraz Nogueira Marcia Helena Rodrigues Velloso Marcia Kiyoe Shimada Marcia Maria de Negreiros Pinto Rocha Marcia Mayumi Ishikawa Marcia Narciso Borges Marcia Pereira de Oliveira Marcia Ramos E Silva Marcia Regina Machado dos Santos Marcia Regina Piuvezam Marcia Rosa de Oliveira Marcia Tosta Xavier Supplementary data

Group a a a a c a a a e a a a a a c d d a a c a a e a e a e c a a a e d a a a e d a c a e c c c c a c c a c e e a e

Name Marcio Botelho de Castro Marcio Loureno Rodrigues Marcio Neves Boia Marcio Silva Marcio Sobreira S Araujo Marcio Vinicius Lins de Barros Marco Antonio de Oliveira Marco Antonio Granja Barbosa Marco Aurelio Krieger Marco Tulio Alves da Silva Marco Tulio Antonio Garciazapata Marcos Andre Vannier dos Santos Marcos Augusto Grigolin Grisotto Marcos Barbosa de Souza Marcos Celio de Almeida Marcos de Assis Moura Marcos Gonzaga dos Santos Marcos Henrique Ferreira Sorgine Marcos Horacio Pereira Marcos Jose Marques Marcos Leoni Gazarini Dutra Marcos Pinheiro Franque Marcos Roberto Bonuti Marcos Rommel Cabanillas Silva Marcos Takashi Obara Marcos Vinicius da Silva Marcus Fernandes de Oliveira Marcus Vinicius Gouvea Margaret Haiganouch Magdesian Margareth Maria Lessa Goncalves Margarida Maria de Lima Pompeu Margo Gomes de Oliveira Karnikowski Margoth Mitchela Moreno Vigo Margoth Ramos Garnica Maria Amelia Villela Oliva Maria Angelica Vieira da Costa Pereira Maria Aparecida da Gloria Faustino Maria Aparecida da Silva Maria Aparecida Gomes Maria Arlene Fausto Maria Auxiliadora de Sousa Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja Ferreira Maria Auxiliadora Roque de Carvalho Maria Beatriz Araujo Silva Maria Belem Cassera Maria Carla Bastos Abdo Maria Carolina Quartim Barbosa Elias Maria Cecilia Di Ciero Fernandes Maria Clara Leal Nascimento Silva Maria Clorinda Soares Fioravanti Maria Cristina Casaqui Carollo Maria Cristina Fortes Santos de Bustamante Maria Cristina Machado Motta Maria Cristina Nonato Maria Cristina Roque Antunes Barreira Maria da Gloria Bonecini de Almeida Maria da Gloria Bonfim Maria da Gloria Fernandes Pegado Maria da Gloria Gomes Cristino

Group c c a c e c a a a a a a e e a a a a e a c a a a a d e c c d e c a a c a e a b a a d e d d a a c a a c

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

Name Maria da Gloria Martins Teixeira Maria da Gloria Quintao E Silva Maria Dalila Forlano Riera Maria das Gracas Costa Alecrim Maria das Gracas Miranda Danelli Maria das Gracas Prianti Maria de Fatima Costa Alves Maria de Fatima Ferreira da Cruz Maria de Fatima Freire de Melo Ximenes Maria de Fatima Madeira Maria de Fatima Martins Horta Maria de Lourdes Petrillo Peixoto Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Carvalho Maria de Nazare Correia Soeiro Maria de Nazare Tavares da Silva Maria de Nazareth Silveira Leal de Meirelles Maria do Amparo Salmito Cavalcanti Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes Maria do Socorro Costa Oliveira Braga Maria do Socorro Rosa Rodrigues de Carvalho Maria Eduarda Monteiro Silva Maria Emilia Bodini Santiago Maria Esther Carvalho Maria Esther Macedo Maria Fernanda Laranjeira da Silva Maria Fernanda Reis Gavazzoni Dias Maria Helena Franco Morais Maria Heloisa de Souza Lima Blotta Maria Ilma Andrade Santos de Araujo Maria Imaculada Muniz Barboza Junqueira Maria Inacia Estevao Costa Maria Inez Santos Silva Maria Isabel Botelho Vieira Maria Isabel Lynch Gaete Maria Izabel de Pinho Pesso Amorim Maria Jania Teixeira Maria Jose Conceicao Maria Julia Manso Alves Maria Julia Salim Pereira Maria Leticia Costa Reis Maria Linda Flora de Novaes Benetton Maria Lucia Belem Pinheiro Maria Lucia Rosa Rossetti Maria Lucia Vieira Moreno Maria Luiza Brito de Sousa Atta Maria Luiza Cruz Maria Madalena Pessoa Guerra Maria Norma Melo Maria Olivia Amado R Bacellar Maria Pilar Iribar Calvo Maria Regina Lima Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira Maria Rosimery de Carvalho Maria Sandra Andrade Maria Silvia Furquim de Azevedo Morgulis Maria Stela Branquinho Maria Terezinha Bahia Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni Maria Vos Paumgartten Deane

Group d e c a e a e a a a a a d a a a c e a d e a d a c d c a c e d a a c a c a c c c a a e c a a a a a e d c a a a a

Name Maria Zilma Andrade Rodrigues Marialice da Fonseca Ferreira da Silva Mariana Caldas Waghabi Mariana Machado Hecht Mariane Bandeira de Melo Braga Mariangela Carneiro Mariano Gustavo Zalis Mariko Yokoo Marilene Marcurzzo do Canto Cavalheiro Marilene Maria de Lima Marilene Suzan Marques Michalick Marina de Moraes Mourao Marina Vianna Braga Marinete Marins Povoa Marinez Almeida de Faria Mario Antonio Spano Mario Endsfeldez Camargo Mario Steindel Marise Pinheiro Nunes Maristela Gomes da Cunha Maristela Martins de Camargo Mariza Fordelone Rosa Cruz Mariza Martins Avelino Marlei Joseli Augusto Marlene Antonia dos Reis Marlene Benchimol Marlene Cabrine dos Santos Marlene Isabel Vargas Viloria Marlene Tiduko Ueta Marlisson Augusto Costa Feitosa Marselha Marques Barral Marsen Garcia Pinto Coelho Marta Chagas Monteiro Marta Citelli dos Reis Marta de Lana Marta Maria Geraldes Teixeira Marta Tavares Dagosto Marta Teixeira Gomes Martha Cecilia Suarez Mutis Martin Cancela Sehabiague Martin Nemer Massayoshi Yoshida Matheus Andrade Rajao Mauricio Costa Fonseca Vieira Mauricio da Rocha e Silva Mauricio Martins Rodrigues Mauricio Roberto Motta Pinto da Luz Maurilio Jose Soares Mauro Celio de Almeida Marzochi Mauro Ferreira de Azevedo Mauro Javier Cortez Veliz Mauro Shugiro Tada Max Jean de Ornelas Toledo Mayra Xiomara Hernandez Sanabria Meire Ioshie Hiyane Meire Maria de Lima Melissa Orzechowski Xavier Melissa Regina Fessel Michael Alexander Miles

15

Group d e a a a a a a a c e a d e a a a a e a c a a a c a c c a e a a a a a c c e c a d a a a a a a a a d c e b Supplementary data

16

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

Name Michael Waisberg Michel Pinkus Rabinovitch Michelle Aparecida Ribeiro Freitas Michelle Barbi de Moura Michelle Cristina Guerreiro dos Reis Michelle Frazao Muzitano Michelle Tanny Cunha do Nascimento Michelle Viviane Sa dos Santos Michelline do Vale Maciel Milan Trsic Milane de Souza Leite Milden Rodrigues de Santa Rosa Milena Botelho Pereira Soares Milena de Paiva Cavalcanti Milene Alvarenga Rachid Miliane Moreira Soares de Souza Milton Adriano Pelli Oliveira Miralba Freire Carvalho Ribeiro da Silva Miria Gomes Pereira Miriam Cristina Leandro Dorta Miriam da Silva Rocha Miriam de Souza Macre Miriam Maria Silva Costa Miriam Oliveira E Rocha Miriam Silva Rafael Mirian Claudia de Souza Pereira Mirian Silva do Carmo Mirko Giuliano Rojas Cortez Mirna Aparecida Pereira Miryam Marroquin Quelopana Mislaine Adriana Brezam Moacir Paranhos Silva Moema de Alencar Hausen Monamaris Marques Borges Monica Bastos de Lima Barros Monica Cristina de Moraes Silva Monica da Silva Nunes Monica de Melo Medeiros Monica Lucia Giraldo Restrepo Monica Lucia Gomes Monica Maria de Albuquerque Pontes Monica Martinelli Nunes de Carvalho Monique Mantovani Mucio Flavio Barbosa Ribeiro Myrian Morato Duarte Myrna Cristina Bonaldo Myrna Garcia Serrano Nadia Regina Pereira Almosny Nadjar Nitz Silva E Silva Naftale Katz Nagila Francinete Costa Secundino Nanci Akemi Missawa Nanci do Nascimento Nancy Stella Vargas Bonilla Nara Amelia da Rosa Farias Narcisa Leal da Cunha E Silva Nassim da Silveira Calixto Natal Santos da Silva Natalino Hagime Yoshinari Supplementary data

Group c a a c a a c e c e a a e c a d a a d d a a e c e a e a c a d a c d a d e e a c a d c d a a c e -

Name Nataly Araujo de Souza Nayara de Oliveira Belo Neci Matos Soares Neide Maria da Silva Nelson da Silva Cordeiro Nelson Monteiro Vaz Nelson Papavero Neuza Maria Alcantara Neves Newton Valerio Verbisck Ney Ribeiro Leite Nicolau Maues Serra Freire Nildimar Alves Honorio Nilton Barnabe Rodrigues Nitza Maria Alencar Gomes Nobuko Yoshida Noemi Nosomi Taniwaki Norah Medrano Mercado Norbert Miekeley Norma Vollmer Labarthe Nubia Estella Matta Camacho Octavio Fernandes da Silva Filho Odair Genaro Olavo dos Santos Pereira Junior Olga Fischman Gompertz Olindo Assis Martins Filho Olney Vieira da Motta Osmarina Pereira da Paixao e Silva Osvaldo Andrade Santos Filho Osvaldo Marinotti Osvaldo Pompilio de Melo Neto Otavio de Toledo Nobrega Otavio Henrique Thiemann Otilio Machado Pereira Bastos Pamela Orjuela Sanchez Patricia Alves Morking Patricia Carneiro dos Santos Patricia Cuervo Escobar Patricia de Azambuja Penna Patricia de Oliveira Camera Patricia Fampa Negreiros Lima Patricia Flavia Quaresma Patricia Giupponi Cardoso Patricia Irie Furuta Patricia Izquierdo Cafrune Patricia Karla Santos Ramos Patricia Maria D Almeida Lima Patricia Massara Martinelli Patricia Pellegrino de Souza Patricia Puccinelli Orlandi Nogueira Patricia Regina Barboza Araujo Patricia Rosa de Araujo Patricia Sampaio Tavares Veras Patricia Silva Cisalpino Patricia Soares de Maria de Medeiros Patricia Spoto Correa Patricio Andres Manque Manque Patricio Emilio Porcile Cerda Patrick Abdala Fonseca Gomes Paul David Stolley

Group a a a a c c c e e d c a a a a c a a c c a c a e a a e a a a a c a a a a a a d c a c a c c d a c a e d c

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

Name Paula Dias Bevilacqua Paula Lobao Antunes de Siqueira Torres Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira Paula Rocha Moreira Paula Rogerio Fernandes Paula Viviane de Souza Queiroz Paulo Afonso Nogueira Paulo Alexandre Abrahamsohn Paulo Batista de Carvalho Paulo Carvalho Ferreira Paulo Cesar Augusto de Souza Paulo de Tarso Goncalves Leopoldo Paulo de Tarso Landgraf Botteon Paulo de Toledo Artigas Paulo Eduardo Alencar de Souza Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla Paulo Emilio Vanzolini Paulo Fernando de Vargas Peixoto Paulo Fernando Tormin Borges Crosara Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta Paulo Henrique da Costa Pinheiro Paulo Inacio da Costa Paulo Nogueira Neto Paulo Novis Rocha Paulo Oldemar Scherer Paulo Paes de Andrade Paulo Roberto Lima Machadoo Paulo Sergio Monzani Paulo Soares da Costa Pedro Albajar Vinas Pedro Geraldo Pascutti Pedro Henrique Ferri Pedro Lagerblad de Oliveira Pedro Muanis Persechini Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romao Pedro Sadi Monteiro Pedro Silva Pinto Percy Cyril Claude Garnham Peter Lydyard Phileno Pinge Filho Philip Davis Marsden Philippe Dorchies Philippe Grellier Piero Bagnaresi Pierre Grabar Poliana Deolindo Priscila Carneiro Campos Priscila Grynberg RT Damian Rafael Dhalia Rafael Maciel de Freitas Rafael Marques Porto Rafael Miyazawa Martins Rafael Otavio Cancado Motta Rafael Paranhos de Mendonca Rafael Verissimo Monteiro Rafael Victorio Carvalho Guido Raimunda Nonata Ribeiro Sampaio Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho

Group c a c a c a c a a e c c a c c c a a c c e c a a d c c c a c a a b a a a a e a a a a d a a c a a a a

Name

17

Group

Raissa Bocchi Pedroso Raquel da Silva Pacheco Raquel Elisa da Silva Lopez Raquel Ferreira Rodrigues Raquel Lopes Martins Souza Raquel Rodrigues Britto Raquel Saucier Gomes Raquel Silva Lisboa Raul Manhaes de Castro Raymundo Martins de Castro Regiane Mathias Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz de Figueiredo Regina Celia Lima de Macedo Regina de Fatima dos Santos Braz Regina Helena Saramago Peralta Regina Maria Barretto Cicarelli Regina Maura Bueno Franco Regina Mitsuka Bregano Reginaldo Pecanha Brazil Regis Bernardo Brandim Gomes Renata Ben Baisch Renata Cristina Pardos Baida Renata de Lima Alvarenga Bottrel Renata de Meirelles Santos Pereira Renata Grespan Renata Guerra de Sa Cota Renata Oliveira de Araujo Soares Renata Rosito Tonelli Renata Santiago Alberto Carlos Renata Tome Alves Renata Tonhosolo Renata Torres de Souza Renato Arruda Mortara Renato Augusto Damatta Renato Porrozzi de Almeida Renato Sathler Avelar Ricardo Andrade Barata Ricardo de Matos Santa Rita Ricardo Goncalves Ricardo Lourenco de Oliveira Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado Ricardo Pereira Igreja Ricardo Ramos Mendonca Filho Ricardo Ribeiro dos Santos Ricardo Santiago Gomez Ricardo Scher Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli Ricardo Wagner de Almeida Vitor Ricardo Wagner Dias Portela Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas Rinaldo Aparecido Mota Rinaldo Duarte Rita de Cassia Alves Alcantara de Menezes Rita de Cassia dos Santos Vasconcellos Rita de Cassia Moreira de Souza Rita de Cassia Pontello Rampazzo Rita de Cassia Ruiz Rita do Socorro Uchoa da Silva

a a a a c c d e c a a a c a a a a a a a d d a e c a a e a a a a a e a a a a c a c a a a a a c a d e c a a e e

Supplementary data

18

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

Name Riva de Paula Oliveira Robert Coffman Roberta Dias Rodrigues Rocha Roberta Lemos Freire Roberta Olmo Pinheiro Roberta Ribeiro Silva Roberto Carlos Grassi Malta Roberto Esteves Pires Castanho Roberto Jose da Silva Badaro Roberto Jose Meyer Nascimento Roberto Martins Goncalves Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto Roberto Montoya Araujo Roberto Regis Magalhaes Pinto Roberto Rudge de Moares Barros Roberto Ruhman Daher Robin G Bell Robson Amaro Augusto da Silva Robson Cavalcanti Ferreira Robson Coutinho Silva Robson Sartorello Rodivan Braz da Silva Rodolfo Antonio Devera Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti Rodolfo Pereira Mendes Rodrigo Barbosa Ferraro Rodrigo Correa de Oliveira Rodrigo Costa da Silva Rodrigo Hinojosa Valdez Rodrigo Pedro Pinto Soares Roger Louis Storck Roger T Dean Rogeria Maria Ventura Rogerio Amino Rogerio Costa Gondim Rogerio Luiz Kopp Rogerio Meneghini Rogerio Saad Vaz Roland J Terry Romario Cerqueira Leite Romeu Cantusio Neto Romulo Menna Barreto Valenca Romulo Tadeu Dias de Oliveira Ronald Bastos Freire Ronald Sederoff Ronaldo Peres Costa Ronaldo Reis Ronaldo Ribeiro de Albuquerque Ronaldo Zucchi Ronei Luciano Mamoni Ronize Andreia Ferreira Rosa Amelia Maldonado Medina Rosa Maria Esteves Arantes Rosa Maria Ferreira Noguerol Odorizzi Rosa Maria Tubaki Rosa Teixeira de Pinho Rosalia Morais Torres Rosana Alves Martorelli Rosana de Sousa Veras Supplementary data

Group a a a e e e a a c c a c a c c a d c d c a d a a e a b d b c a c a c c a c e d c c c a a a d a a a a a

Name Rosana Maria Feio Libonati Rosana Regina de Saldanha Rosane Maria Temporal Rosane Moreira Silva de Meirelles Rosangela Clara Paulino Rosangela Locatelli Dittrich Rosangela Maria Rodrigues Rosangela Zacarias Machado Rosaura Penaranda Carrillo Rosely Maria Conceicao Zancope Rosiane Aparecida da Silva Rossana Correa Netto de Melo Rossiane Claudia Vommaro Rozalia Mendes Figueira Campos Rubem Figueiredo Sadok Menna Barreto Rubens Jose do Nascimento Rubens Riscala Madi Ruberval Armando Lopes Rute Maria Goncalves de Andrade Sabrina Castilho Duarte Salvatore Giovanni de Simone Samanta Etel Treiger Borborema Samuel Goldenberg Samuel Pessoa Sandra Antonia Tagliavini Santos Sandra Cristina Gomes Oliveira Sandra do Lago Moraes Avila Sandra Lucia da Cunha E Silva Sandra Mara Alessi Aristides Arraes Sandra Mayumi Nishi Sandra Regina Afonso Cardoso Sandro Nelson Lunedo Sanivia Aparecida de Lima Pereira Sanny Helena Valente de Oliveira Alberio Santos Joao Barberino Santuza Maria Ribeiro Teixeira Sara Timoteo Passos Sarah Maria Singulano Cinque Saulo Cabral Bourguignon Saulo Teixeira de Moura Savio Amado da Silva Sebastiao Afonso Viana Macedo Neves Sebastiao Aldo da Silva Valente Sebastiao Cronemberger Sobrinho Sebastiao Martins Souza Netto Sebastiao Tostes Junior Selene Maia de Morais Selma Aparecida Souza Kuckelhaus Selma Bacellar de Souza Leao Selma Giorgio Selma Lilian Sallenave Salles Selma Maria Bezerra Jeronimo Sergian Vianna Cardozo Sergio Caldas Sergio Costa Oliveira Sergio Danilo Junho Pena Sergio de Albuquerque Sergio G Coutinho Sergio Henrique da Silva

Group c c a d d a a a a e a a a d c c c a a a a a c c c a e a a e a a a a c c a c d a c a a a a c c a a a c

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

Name Sergio Henrique Ferreira Sergio Henrique Seabra Sergio Marcelo Rodriguez Malaga Sergio Reyes Sergio Salles Xavier Sergio Schenkman Sergio Steven Cornejo Rubin de Celis Sergio Verajovski Almeida Sheila Cristina Nardelli Sheila Tavares Pereira Shirley Maddison Siegfried Siegesmund Silvana Maria Eloi Santos Silvana Marques de Araujo Silvana Tulio Fortes Silvane Maria Fonseca Murtat Silvia Amaral Goncalves da Silva Silvia Beatriz Boscardin Silvia Cristina Osaki Silvia de Barros Mazon Silvia Ermelinda Barbosa Silvia Maria Santos Carvalho Silvia Maria Spalding Silvia Reni Bortolin Uliana Silvio Bertini Silvio Celso Gomes da Costa Silvio Favoreto Junior Silvio Luis Pereira de Souza Silvio Santana Dolabella Simone Aparecida Antoniazi Simone Cardoso Leon Simone da Fonseca Pires Simone Ladeia Andrade Simone Patricia Carneiro de Freitas Simone Pontes Xavier Simoni Machado de Medeiros Sineide Maria de Oliveira Vilela Sinval Pinto Brandao Filho Solange Cristina Uber Busek Solange do Perpetuo Socorro Evangelista Costa Solange Lisboa de Castro Solange Maria Gennari Solange Maria Magalhaes da Silva Porto Sonia de Lucena Mioranza Sonia Gumes Andrade Sonia Jancar Sonia Maria de Freitas Sonia Maria Neumann Cupolilo Sonia Nair Bao Sonia Regina Lambert Passos Sonia Rolim Reis Sonia Soares Costa Soraya Torres Gaze Stefano Trapani Stella Maria Barrouin Melo Stella Maris Gonzalez Cappa Stenio Perdigao Fragoso Steven Reed Sthenia Santos Albano Amora Stuart Schlossman Sueli Fumie Yamada Ogatta Susana Andrea Sculaccio

Group c a a c c a e c a d a a c a a a c e a a a a d d a a d a a a a c d a c c a c c a a c c a c c a a e a a b a b c a d

Name Susana Balmant Emerique Simoes Suse Daise Silva Barbosa Susie Andries Nogueira Suzana Elisa Moreno Suzana Passos Chaves Suzete Araujo Oliveira Gomes Sylvia Regina Temer Cursino Sylvio Celso Goncalves da Costa Symone Fulgencio Lima Taciana de Figueiredo Soares Taia Maria Berto Rezende Tais Nobrega de Sousa Tamara Nunes de Lima Camara Tania Cremonini de Araujo Jorge Tania Mara Pinto Dabes Guimaraes Tania Maria Pacheco Shubach Tania Maria Valente Pacheco Tania Santos de Marco Tania Ueda Nakamura Tania Zaverucha do Valle Tanos Celmar Costa Franca Tatiana Berber Teixeira Tatiana Galvao de Melo de Oliveira Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura Tatiana Shioji Tiuman Tatiane Luciano Balliano Tatjana Keesen de Souza Lima Tecia Maria Ulisses de Carvalho Tercio de Souza Goes Teresa Cristina Bergamo do Bomfim Teresa Cristina Franca de Assumpcao Teresa Cristina Leandro de Jesus Teresa Cristina Melo Garcia Teresa Cristina Monte Goncalves Teresa Fernandes Silva do Nascimento Tereza Cristina Orlando Thais Cristina Baeta Soares Souto Padron Thais Ferreira Isabel Thais Gomes Verzignassi Silveira Thais Helena Constantino Patelli Thales de Brito Thatiane Santos de Simone Thiago de Castro Gomes Thiago Santana Gastardelo Thuioshi Ioneda Tiago Moreno Castilho Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo Tom Blundell Tomaz Aroldo da Mota Santos Tonny Hiroshi Katsuragawa Tricia Maria Ferreira de Sousa Oliveira Tulio Marcos Santos Ubirajara Ribeiro Martins de Souza Udelysses Janete Veltrini Fonzar Ueslei Teodoro Ulisses Gazos Lopes Uriel Franco da Rocha Usha Vashist Vaca Marin Miguel Angel Vagner Jose Mendonca Valdelaine Etelvina Miranda de Araujo Valdelice Oliveira Burgos

19

Group c c a a d a c c e a a a e c a a e d a a a c a a a a a c a a a a a a e a a d c a a b c a c c c d a a b a d d Supplementary data

20

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

Name Valderez Bastos Valero Lapchik Valdir de Queiroz Balbino Valeria Cavalcanti Rolla Valeria Marcal Felix de Lima Valeria Pereira Nacife Valeria Rego Alves Pereira Valeska de Andrade Stempliuk Valter da Silva Queiroz Valter Ferreira de Andrade Neto Vanderlei Rodrigues Vanessa Cabreira de Freitas Vanessa Diniz Atayde Vanessa Migliaccio Vanessa Muradian Vanessa Peruhype Magalhaes Pascoal Vanessa Santos Sotomaior Vanessa Silvestre Ferreira de Oliveira Vanete Thomaz Soccol Vania Lucia Brandao Nunes Vania Lucia de Assis Santana Vania Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt Vanize de Oliveira Macedo Vanja Maria Veloso Vanja Suely Pachiano Calvosa Vera da Costa Valente Vera Lucia Costa Vale Vera Lucia Pereira Chioccola Vera Margareth Scarpassa Vera Silvia de Freitas Vinhais Veronica Figueiredo do Amaral Veronica Gomes Monteiro Veronica Schmitz Pereira Vicente Amato Neto Vicente de Paula Antunes Teixeira Vicente de Paulo Coelho Peixoto de Toledo Victor Martin Quintana Flores Victor Nussenzweig Victorio Valeri Vinicius Cotta de Almeida Vinicius Santana Nunes Virginia Maria Barros de Lorena Virginia Maria Goes da Silva Virmondes Rodrigues Junior Vitorino Modesto dos Santos Viviane de Oliveira Vasconcelos Viviane Ferraz de Paula Viviane Monteiro Goes Viviane Rodrigues Esperandim Viviane Sampaio Boaventura de Oliveira Vladimir Michailowsky Leite Ribeiro Vladimir Yong Gonzalez Vlaudia Maria Assis Costa Wagner Barbosa Dias

Group e a c a e e c a c a a a e a a c c a d a c a a e a c c a c b e a a a a d c c d a a a a e

Name Wagner Campos Otoni Wagner Loyola Wagner Luiz Tafuri Wagner Welber Arrais da Silva Wagnner Jose Nascimento Porto Waldemar Naves do Amaral Walderez Ornelas Dutra Wallace Raimundo Araujo dos Santos Walter Belda Junior Walter Ceretti Junior Walter Colli Walter dos Santos Lima Walter Fiers Walter Flausino Walter Kindro Andreoli Walter Leira Teixeira Filho Wander Rogerio Pavanelli Wanderley de Souza Wanderli Pedro Tadei Wanderson Duarte da Rocha Wanderson Geraldo de Lima Wanessa Christina de Souza Neiras Warren Thomas Atyeo Washington Luis Conrado dos Santos Washington Luiz Tafuri Wayner Vieira de Souza Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes Wendel Coura Vital Wendell Sergio Ferreira Meira Wilhelm Otto Daniel Martin Neitz Wilia Marta Elsner Diederichsen de Brito William A Ayer William Mello Kattenbach Williams Jorge da Cruz Macedo Willian de Castro Borges Wilmar Dias da Silva Wilson Duarte Alecrim Wilson Jacinto Silva de Souza Wilson Roberto Navega Lodi Wilson Savino Wilton Carlos Zanetti Lopes Wim Maurits Sylvain Degrave Wladimir Lobato Paraense Wornei Silva Miranda Braga Yara de Miranda Gomes Yara Maria Traub Cseko Yasmine Belkaid Zander Barreto de Miranda Zelia Maria Profeta Da Luz Zelia Profeta da Luz Zelson Giacomo Loss Zenon Rodriguez Batista Zigman Brener Zoilo Pires de Camargo

Group c c a a e e a c c a a c a d d a a a a a d a a c c a a c a a c a c a a a c a a b c a a c a c

a: scientists working or who worked in the past in protozoology in Brazil; b: scientists working in protozoology outside of Brazil that were advisors of Brazilians; c: scientists that did not work in protozoology during their PhD or establish a research interest in this field but were advisors of scientists that migrated to protozoology; d: persons who developed their PhD in protozoology but are now involved in activities other than science; e: scientists who developed their PhD in protozoology but established research in another field. Supplementary data

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

21

TABLE IV Classification of names that developed (1) or not (2) PhD in protozoology Name Adrian Martin Pohlit Adriana Barrinha Fernandes Adriana Jardim de Almeida Adriana Oliveira Costa Adriana Oliveira dos Santos Adriane Pimenta da Costa-Val Bicalho Adriane Regina Todeschini Adriano Defini Andricopulo Adriano Gomes da Silva Alba Valéria Machado da Silva Alda Maria da Cruz Alda Maria Teixeira Ferreira Aldina Maria Prado Barral Alejandra Saori Araki Alejandro Miguel Katzin Alessandra D’almeida Filardy Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira Alessandra Mara Alves Ragozo Alessandra Scofield Alessandro Aparecido Rodrigues da Silva Alexander Sibajev Alexandre Afranio Peixoto Alexandre Barbosa Reis Alexandre Morrot Lima Alfredo Carlos Rodrigues de Azevedo Alfredo José Altamirano-Enciso Aline Cardoso Caseca Volotão Aline Chaves Alexandrino Allan Kardec Ribeiro Aluízio Prata Alvaro Augusto Ribeiro D’almeida Couto Alvaro Jose Romanha Amanda Fortes Francisco Amilcar Vianna Martins Filho Ana Acacia de Sa Pinheiro Ana Carolina Campi Azevedo Ana Carolina de Aguiar Vasconcelos Carneiro Ana Cristina Bahia Nascimento Ana Cristina da Silva Pinto Ana Cristina de Carvalho Botelho Ana Cristina Vianna Mariano da Rocha Lima Ana Lucia Abreu Silva Ana Lúcia Teles Rabello Ana Maria de Castro Ana Maria Jansen-Franken Ana Maria Revorêdo da Silva Ventura Ana Paula Cabral de Araujo Lima Ana Paula Maia Peixoto Marino Ana Paula Rocha Gadelha Ana Paula Salles Moura Fernandes Ana Yeci das Neves Pinto Anderson Barbosa de Moura Anderson Sena André Gustavo Tempone Cardoso André Luiz Fonseca de Souza André Luiz Pedrosa André Luiz Rodrigues Roque

1/2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Name

1/2

Andre Nobrega Pitaluga Andréa Alice da Silva Andrea Aparecida Morais Fernandes de Freitas Andréa Bouer Andrea Caetano da Silva Andrea Carla Leite Chaves Andrea Cristina Vetö Arnholdt Andrea Henriques Pons Andrea Mara Macedo Andréa Pereira de Souza Andrea Rodrigues Avila Andrea Sobral Andréa Teixeira de Carvalho Andrés Jimenez Galisteo Jr Andrey José de Andrade Andreza Pain Marcelino Angela Cristina Verissimo Junqueira Angela Cristina Volpini Angela Hampshire de Carvalho Santos Lopes Angela Kaysel Cruz Anibal Antonio da Silva Pereira Anita Hilda Straus Takahashi Annamaria Ravara Vago Antonia Maria Ramos Franco Pereira Antoniana Ursine Krettli Antonio de Oliveira Lima Antonio Florêncio de Figueiredo Antonio Marcos Guimarães Antonio Raimundo Lima Cruz Teixeira Antonio Walter Ferreira Aparecida de Fatima Michelin Arlei Marcili Arlene de Jesus Mendes Caldas Armando de Oliveira Schubach Artur Torres Cordeiro Astolpho Ferraz de Siqueira Augusto Mello Simões Barbosa Bárbara Cruz Tavares de Macedo Fernandes Bartira Rossi Bergmann Beatriz Dolabela de Lima Beatriz Gomes Brazil Beatriz Gomes Guimarães Beatriz Lilian da Silva Costa Souza Beatriz Rossetti Ferreira Bernardo Galvão Castro Filho Bianca Brand Ederli Bianca Perdigão Olivieri Bianca Silvana Zingales Blima Fux Bruno Antonio Marinho Sanchez Bruno da Rocha Azevedo Bruno de Bezerril Andrade Bruno Pereira Berto Camila Augusta de Oliveira Martins Arakaki Camila Indiani de Oliveira Camila Marques Adade Carina Elisei de Oliveira

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Supplementary data

22

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

Name Carina Margonari de Souza Caris Maroni Nunes Carla Domingues dos Santos Carla Mônica Pinheiro Carlos Alberto Pereira Tavares Carlos Capistrano Gonçalves de Oliveira Carlos Chagas Carlos Eduardo Almeida Carlos Eduardo Maia Gomes Carlos Eduardo Pereira Corbett Carlos Eduardo Tadokoro Carlos Eduardo Tosta da Silva Carlos Eugênio Cavasini Carlos Gustavo Regis da Silva Carlos José de Carvalho Pinto Carlos Luiz Massard Carlos Mauricio de Figueiredo Antunes Carlos Medicis Morel Carlos Noriyuki Kaneto Carlos Renato Machado Carlos Wilson Gomes Lopes Carolina Borsoi Moraes Carolina de Oliveira Mendes Aguiar Carolina Furtado Torres da Silva Carolina Guilherme Prestes Beyrodt Carolina Nascimento Caroline Dantas de Oliveira Catarina Gadelha Cecilia Beatriz Fiuza Favali Ceclie Maria Antunes Barbosa Biancardi Celene Maria de Oliveira Simões Alves Celeste da Silva Freitas de Souza Celia Maria Ferreira Gontijo Celia Maria Silva Pedrosa Célia Maria Vieira Vendrame Célia Regina da Silva Garcia Célio Geraldo Freire de Lima Celso Cruz Tavares Celso Vataru Nakamura Celuta Sales Alviano Cezar Martins de Sá Christian Macagnan Probst Chung Man Chin Cicero Brasileiro de Mello Neto Cinthia Furst Leroy Gomes Bueloni Cyntia Fernandes de Souza Clara Lúcia Barbiéri Mestriner Clarissa Romero Teixeira Claude Pirmez Cláudia Alves de Andrade-Coelho Claudia Ida Brodskyn Claudia Magalhaes Calvet Alvarez Claudia Maia Brigagão Claudia Mara Lara Melo Coutinho Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua Claudia Martins Carneiro Claudio Roberto Madruga Claudio Romero Farias Marinho Claudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro Supplementary data

1/2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2

Name Claudio Vieira da Silva Clea Andrade Chiari Clea Nazare Carneiro Bichara Cleusa Alves Theodoro Rodrigues Clever Gomes Cardoso Colete Fonseca Conceiçao Ribeiro da Silva Machado Constança Felícia de Paoli de Carvalho Britto Cristiana Ferreira Alves de Brito Cristiane Varella Lisboa Cristina de Souza Chaves Cristina Henriques Cristina Wide Pissetti Daniel Claudio de Oliveira Gomes Daniela de Melo Resende Daniela de Pita Pereira Daniela de Stefani Marquez Daniela Fiori Gradia Daniela Luz Ambrosio Daniela Parada Pavoni Daniela Rodrigues de Faria Barbosa Daniele dos Santos Andrade Daniele Pereira de Castro Daniella Alchaar D’avila Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu Daniella Regina Arantes Martins Danielle Ferreira de Magalhães Soares Danielle Maria Nascimento Moura Danielle Pereira Cavalcanti Danielle Pereira Vieira Danielle Reis Napolitano Danilo Ciccone Miguel Débora Pereira Garcia Melo Deboraci Brito Prates Deise Aparecida de Oliveira Silva Deivid Costa Soares Denise Barcante Castro Pinto Denise Bertulucci Rocha Rodrigues Denise Borges dos Santos Dias Denise da Silveira Lemos Denise Fonseca Córtes Denise Valle Diego Peres Alonso Dílvia Ferreira da Silva Dulce Helena Ferreira de Souza Edelberto Santos Dias Eden Ribeiro Freire Edésio José Tenório de Melo Edgar Marcelino de Carvalho Filho Edilene Alcantara de Castro Edilene Oliveira da Silva Edmundo Carlos Grisard Edna Barbosa de Souza Edna Freymuller Haapalainen Edson Roberto da Silva Edson Rondinelli Eduardo Caio Torres dos Santos Eduardo de Almeida Marques da Silva Eduardo Fonseca Pinto

1/2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

Name Eduardo Henrique Gomes Rodrigues Eduardo Lani Volpe da Silveira Eduardo Sergio da Silva Edward Felix Silva Edwards Frazão-Teixeira Egler Chiari Elaine Soares Coimbra Elenice Moreira Lemos Eliame Mouta Confort Eliana Lucia Tomaz do Nascimento Eliane de Morais Teixeira Eliane Lages Silva Eliane Perlatto Moura Elieth Afonso de Mesquita Elisa Cupolillo Elisa Neves Vianna Elisa San Martin Mouriz Savani Elizabeth Castro Moreno Elizabeth de Souza Neves Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel Elizabeth Gloria Oliveira Barbosa Santos Elizabeth Igne Ferreira Elmo Eduardo de Almeida Amaral Eloi de Souza Garcia Eloisa Amélia Vieira Ferro Eloy Guillermo Castellon Bermudez Elvira Maria Saraiva Chequer Bou Habib Elza Ferreira Noronha Emilia Akemi Shiraishi Kimura Eneida César Mastrantonio Eric Faudry Erica Araujo Mendes Érica dos Santos Martins Duarte Erica Paes Barreto Xavier Moraes Erich Loza Telleria Erick Vaz Guimarães Erika Izumi Erika Martins Braga Erika Michalsky Monteiro Erney Felicio Plessmann de Camargo Esteban Mauricio Cordero Veas Eufrosina Setsu Umezawa Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati Evander de Jesus Oliveira Batista Eveline Gomes Vasconcelos Evelyn Kety Pratt Riccio Fabiana Rodrigues dos Santos Fabiana Simão Machado Fabiane Matos dos Santos Fabiano Borges Figueiredo Fabio Trindade Maranhão Costa Fabíola Barbieri Holetz Fabíola Cardillo Fabrício César Dias Fabricio Klerynton Marchini Falqueto Aloisio Fatima Soares Motta Noronha Felipe de Almeida Dias Felipe de Mello Vigoder

1/2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Name

23

1/2

Ferdinan Almeida Melo Fernanda Barbosa Nogueira Raad Fernanda Fortes de Araújo Fernanda Maria Santiago Fernando Antonio Botoni Fernando Araujo Monteiro Fernando de Pilla Varotti Fernando Dias de Avila Pires Fernando Pavao Filipe Dantas-Torres Firmino Torres de Castro Flávia Guimarães Rodrigues Flavia Regina Almeida Campos Naief Moreira Flavio Alves Lara Flor Ernestina Martinez Espinosa Francisco Acácio Alves Francisco Carlos Rodrigues de Oliveira Francisco de Carvalho Dias Filho Francisco Juarez Ramalho Pinto Franco Claudio Bonetti Franklin Barbalho Magalhaes Frederico Guilherme Coutinho Abath Gabriel Antonio Nogueira Nascentes Gabriel Eduardo Melim Ferreira Gabriel Grimaldi Filho Geisa Baptista Barros George Alexandre dos Reis George Régo Albuquerque Georgia Correa Atella Gerhard Wunderlich Gerson Salay Giani França Santoro Ginelza Peres Lima dos Santos Girley Francisco Machado de Assis Gisele Fernanda Assine Picchi Giselle Maria Rachid Viana Gisléine Aparecida Martins Glaucius Oliva Glenda Meira Cardoso Gloria Ester Cadavid Restrepo Gloria Regina Franco Graziela Maria Zanini Guido Fontgalland Coelho Linhares Guilherme Costa Matsutani Guilherme Loureiro Werneck Gustavo Coutinho Cerqueira Gustavo Fontes Paz Gustavo Henrique Goulart Trossini Gustavo Miranda Rocha Hatisaburo Masuda Hector Barrabin Heitor Franco de Andrade Junior Heitor Miraglia Herrera Helcileia Dias Santos Helder Magno Silva Valadares Helen Rodrigues Martins Helena Hilomi Taniguchi Helena Lúcia Carneiro Santos Helene Santos Barbosa

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Supplementary data

24

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

Name Helio Langoni Henio Godeiro Lacerda Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes Hernando Antonio del Portillo Obando Hertha Meyer Hilda Fátima de Jesus Pena Hiro Goto Hooman Momen Hugo Caire de Castro Faria Neto Humberto de Araujo Rangel Idessania Nazareth da Costa Igor de Almeida Rodrigues Ilea Brandao Rodrigues Ingrid Solange Evans Osses Irene da Silva Soares Isaac Roitman Isabel Cristina Fábregas Bonna Isabel Martinez Isabela Penna Ceravolo Ises de Almeida Abrahamsohn Isis Fernandes Magalhaes Santos Italmar Teodorico Navarro Italo Rodrigues de Araujo Sherlock Ivana Nunes Gomes de Araujo Ivete Conchon Costa Ivo Santana Caldas Izaltina Silva Jardim Cavalli Izilda Curado Jacenir Reis dos Santos Mallet Jaime Martins de Santana Jair Pereira da Cunha Junior Jairo Dias Barreira Jan Carlo Morais Oliveira Bertassoni Delorenzi Jane Lima dos Santos Janete Soares Coelho dos Santos Jayme Angluster Jayme Augusto de Souza-Neto Jayme Neves Jeffrey Jon Shaw Jeronimo Conceição Ruiz Joanna Darc Aparecida Herzog Soares João Carlos Araujo Carreira João Carlos Pinto Dias João Luis Garcia João Luiz Mendes Wanderley João Roberto da Mata João Santana da Silva Joaquin Hernan Patarroyo Salcedo Jorge Clarencio Souza Andrade Jorge Elias Kalil Filho José Adail Fonseca de Castro José Ailton da Silva José Almir Moraes da Rocha José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso José Bento Pereira Lima José Carlos Miranda José Clóvis do Prado Júnior José da Rocha Carvalheiro Jose Daniel Figueroa-Villar Supplementary data

1/2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

Name José Eduardo Tolezano José Franco da Silveira Filho José Henrique Maia Campos de Oliveira Jose Jurberg José Luciano Nepomuceno da Silva Jose Manuel Macario Rebelo José Marcelo Ramalho Ortigão Jose Maria Alvarez Mosig José Maria de Souza Jose Maria Soares Barata Jose Mauro Peralta Jose Osvaldo Previato Jose Ribamar Mesquita Teixeira Jose Roberto Meyer Fernandes Jose Roberto Mineo Jose Rodrigues Coura Jose Rodrigues da Silva Jose Ronnie Carvalho de Vasconcelos Joseli de Oliveira Ferreira Joseli Lannes-Vieira Juan Miguel Villalobos-Salcedo Judith Kardos Klotzel Julia Pinheiro Chagas da Cunha Juliana de Assis Silva Gomes Estanislau Juliana de Meis Juliana Dias Costa Roque Juliana Gonzaga de Oliveira Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto Juliana Perrone Bezerra de Menezes Juliano Simões de Toledo Juliany Cola Fernandes Rodrigues Julio Pudles Julio Scharfstein Junia de Sousa Franco Karen Angelica Cavassani de Souza Karen dos Santos Charret Karin Kirchgatter Karina Penedo Carvalho Karine Rezende de Oliveira Katia da Silva Calabrese Kelly Aparecida Geraldo Yoneyama Tudini Kelly Salomão Kezia Katiani Gorza Scopel Kildare Rocha de Miranda Laerte Grisi Lain Carlos Pontes de Carvalho Lais de Carvalho Laura Nogueira da Cruz Léa Cysne Finkelstein Lea Ferreira Camillo Coura Leandro Lemgruber Soares Leda Quercia Vieira Leila de Mendonca Lima Leíla Inês de Aguiar Raposo da Câmara Coelho Leonardo de Souza Rocha Leonardo Freire de Lima Leonardo José de Moura Carvalho Leonidas Deane Leonor Laura Pinto Leon

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Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

Name Leucio Camara Alves Lia Carolina Almeida Soares de Medeiros Liana Maria Cardoso Verinaud Lileia Gonçalves Diotaiuti Liliam de Oliveira Faria Maçaneiro Lilian Lacerda Bueno Liliane Coelho da Rocha Nery Lizandra Guidi Magalhaes Lourdes Maria Garcez dos Santos Lucia Helena O’dwyer de Oliveira Lucia Helena Pinto da Silva Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão Lucia Mendonça Previato Luciamare Perinetti Alves Martins Luciana da Conceição Pinto Luciana de Almeida Silva Luciana de Oliveira Andrade Luciana Lima Luciana Lopes de Almeida Ribeiro Garzoni Luciana Regina Meireles Jaguaribe Ekman Luciana Ribeiro Garzoni Luciana Rodrigues de Almeida Luciana Teixeira Zimmermann Luciana Urbano dos Santos Luciane Moreno Storti de Melo Luciano Andrade Moreira Lucile Maria Floeter-Winter Lucilene Amorim Silva Lucimeire Antonelli da Silveira Lucio Andre Viana Dias Lucio Ayres Caldas Lucio Holanda Gondim de Freitas Junior Lúcio Roberto Cançado Castellano Lucy Megumi Yamauchi Lioni Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira Luis Carlos Crocco Afonso Luis Eduardo Ramirez Giraldo Luís Fernando Santana Luisa Damazio Luiz Alberto Santana Luiz Antonio Rodrigues de Freitas Luiz Carlos Alves Luiz Claudio Miletti Luiz Dione Barbosa de Melo Luiz Fabiano Borges Oliveira Luiz Fernando Rocha Ferreira da Silva Luiz Hildebrando Pereira da Silva Luis Marcelo Aranha Camargo Luiz Ricardo Orsini Tosi Luiz Roberto Sardinha Luiz Rodolpho Raja Gabaglia Travassos Luiz Vicente Rizzo Luzia Helena Carvalho Luzineide Wanderley Tinoco Lysangela Ronalte Alves Magdalena Nascimento Renné Maira Cegatti Bosetto Mota Manoel Barral Netto Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha

1/2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

Name

25

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Manoel Paes de Oliveira Neto Mara Silvia Carvalhaes Marcel Ivan Ramirez Araya Marcel Teixeira Marcela Barbosa de Figueiredo Marcela de Freitas Lopes Marcello Andre Barcinski Marcello Xavier Sampaio Marcelo da Silva Genestra Marcelo Einicker Lamas Marcelo Ribeiro da Silva Briones Marcelo Salabert Gonzalez Marcelo Urbano Ferreira Marcelo Vidigal Caliari Marcia Almeida de Melo Marcia Aparecida Speranca Marcia Attias Marcia Benedita de Oliveira Silva Márcia Cristina Aquino Teixeira Marcia Cristina Paes Márcia Kiyoe Shimada Marcia Pereira de Oliveira Marcia Rosa de Oliveira Marcio Silva Marco Aurelio Krieger Marco Túlio Alves da Silva Marco Tulio Antonio Garciazapata Marcos Andre Vannier dos Santos Marcos Augusto Grigolin Grisotto Marcos Barbosa de Souza Marcos Gonzaga dos Santos Marcos Henrique Ferreira Sorgine Marcos Horacio Pereira Marcos José Marques Marcos Pinheiro Franque Marcos Rommel Cabanillas Silva Marcos Takashi Obara Marcos Vinícius da Silva Marcus Fernandes de Oliveira Maria Aparecida da Gloria Faustino Maria Aparecida Gomes Maria Auxiliadora de Sousa Maria Beatriz Araújo Silva Maria Carolina Quartim Barbosa Elias Maria Cecilia Di Ciero Fernandes Maria Cristina Machado Motta Maria Cristina Nonato Maria da Gloria Bonecini de Almeida Maria da Gloria Fernandes Pegado Maria das Graças Costa Alecrim Maria das Graças Prianti Maria de Fatima Ferreira da Cruz Maria de Fatima Freire de Melo Ximenes Maria de Fátima Madeira Maria de Fátima Martins Horta Maria de Lourdes Petrillo Peixoto Maria de Nazaré Correia Soeiro Maria de Nazaré Tavares da Silva Maria de Nazareth Silveira Leal de Meirelles

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Supplementary data

26

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

Name Maria do Socorro Rosa Rodrigues de Carvalho Maria Esther Carvalho Maria Fernanda Laranjeira da Silva Maria Imaculada Muniz Barboza Junqueira Maria Isabel Lynch Gaete Maria Jania Teixeira Maria Julia Manso Alves Maria Letícia Costa Reis Maria Lúcia Vieira Moreno Maria Luiza Brito de Sousa Atta Maria Norma Melo Maria Olívia Amado Ramos Bacellar Maria Pilar Iribar Calvo Maria Regina Lima Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira Maria Stela Branquinho Beaudoin Maria Terezinha Bahia Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni Maria Deane Mariana Caldas Waghabi Mariana Machado Hecht Mariangela Carneiro Mariano Gustavo Zalis Mariko Yokoo Marilene Maria de Lima Marilene Suzan Marques Michalick Marinete Marins Povoa Mario E Camargo Mário Steindel Marise Pinheiro Nunes Maristela Gomes da Cunha Mariza Martins Avelino Marlene Benchimol Marlene Cabrine dos Santos Silva Marlene Isabel Vargas Viloria Marlisson Augusto Costa Feitosa Marta Chagas Monteiro Marta de Lana Marta Maria Geraldes Teixeira Marta Tavares D’agosto Marta Teixeira Gomes Martha Cecilia Suárez Mutis Mauricio Martins Rodrigues Maurilio José Soares Mauro Celio de Almeida Marzochi Mauro Ferreira de Azevedo Mauro Javier Cortez Véliz Mauro Shugiro Tada Max Jean de Ornelas Toledo Mayra Xiomara Hernández Sanabria Meire Ioshie Hiyane Michel Pinkus Rabinovitch Michelle Aparecida Ribeiro de Freitas Michelle Frazão Muzitano Michelle Tanny Cunha do Nascimento Milena Botelho Pereira Soares Milena de Paiva Cavalcanti Milton Adriano Pelli de Oliveira Miria Gomes Pereira Supplementary data

1/2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Name Miriam Cristina Leandro Dorta Miriam Silva Rafael Mirian Claudia de Souza Pereira Moacir Paranhos Silva Monamaris Marques Borges Mônica Cristina de Moraes Silva Bonfim Monica Lucia Gomes Mucio Flavio Barbosa Ribeiro Nádia Regina Pereira Almosny Nagila Francinete Costa Secundino Nara Amalia da Rosa Farias Narcisa Leal da Cunha-E-Silva Nataly Araújo de Saouza Nayara de Oliveira Belo Neci Matos Soares Neide Maria da Silva Nilton Barnabe Rodrigues Nitza Maria Alencar Gomes Nobuko Yoshida Noemi Nosomi Taniwaki Octavio Fernandes da Silva Filho Odair Genaro Olindo Assis Martins Filho Osmarina Pereira da Paixão Osvaldo Marinotti Osvaldo Pompilio de Melo Neto Otavio Henrique Thiemann Otilio Machado Pereira Bastos Pamela Orjuela Sánchez Patrícia Alves Morking Patricia Cuervo Escobar Patricia de Azambuja Penna Patricia de Oliveira Camera Patrícia Fampa Negreiros Lima Patricia Flávia Quaresma Patrícia Giupponi Cardoso Patrícia Karla Santos Ramos Patrícia Massara Martinelli Patricia Sampaio Tavares Veras Patricia Soares de Maria de Medeiros Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira Paulo Afonso Nogueira Paulo Batista de Carvalho Paulo César Augusto de Souza Paulo de Tarso Gonçalves Leopoldo Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta Paulo Henrique da Costa Pinheiro Paulo Paes de Andrade Paulo Roberto Lima Machado Pedro Lagerblad de Oliveira Pedro Roosevelt Torres Rom√£O Pedro Luiz Silva Pinto Phileno Pinge Filho Philip Davis Marsden Phillippe Grelier Piero Bagnaresi Priscila Carneiro Campos Priscila Grynberg

1/2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

Name Rafael Dhalia Rafael Maciel de Freitas Rafael Miyazawa Martins Rafael Otávio Cançado Motta Rafael Veríssimo Monteiro Rafael Victorio Carvalho Guido Raimunda Nonata Ribeiro Sampaio Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho Raissa Bocchi Pedroso Raquel da Silva Pacheco Raquel Elisa da Silva López Raquel Ferreira Rodrigues Raymundo Martins de Castro Regiane Mathias Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz de Figueiredo Regina de Fatima dos Santos Braz Regina Helena Saramago Peralta Regina Maria Barretto Cicarelli Regina Maura Bueno Franco Regina Mitsuka Breganí Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil Regis Bernardo Brandim Gomes Renata de Meirelles Santos Pereira Renata Oliveira de Araújo Soares Renata Rosito Tonelli Renata Tomé Alves Renata Tonhosolo Renata Torres de Souza Renato Arruda Mortara Renato Augusto Damatta Renato Sathler Avelar Ricardo Andrade Barata Ricardo Gonçalves Ricardo Lourenço de Oliveira Ricardo Ribeiro dos Santos Ricardo Scher Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli Ricardo Wagner de Almeida Vitor Ricardo Wagner Dias Portela Rinaldo Aparecido Mota Rita de Cássia Moreira de Souza Rita de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo Riva de Paula Oliveira Roberta Dias Rodrigues Rocha Roberta Lemos Freire Roberto Esteves Pires Castanho Roberto José da Silva Badaró Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto Roberto Rudge de Moraes Barros Robson Amaro Augusto da Silva Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti Rodrigo Correa de Oliveira Rodrigo Costa da Silva Rodrigo Pedro Pinto Soares Rogério Luiz Kopp Rogerio Saad Vaz Rômulo Menna Barreto Valença Ronize Andreia Ferreira

1/2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

Name Rosa Amelia Maldonado Medina Rosa Maria Esteves Arantes Rosa Maria Tubaki Rosa Teixeira de Pinho Rosália Morais Torres Rosana Alves Martorelli Rosana de Sousa Veras Rosane Maria Temporal Rosangela Locatelli Dittrich Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Rosangela Zacarias Machado Rosiane Aparecida da Silva Rossiane Claudia Vommaro Rozalia Mendes Figueira Campos Rubem Figueiredo Sadok Menna Barreto Sabrina Castilho Duarte Salvatore Giovanni de Simone Samanta Etel Treiger Borborema Samuel Goldenberg Samuel Pessoa Sandra Mayumi Nishi Sandro Nelson Lunedo Sanóvia Aparecida de Lima Pereira Santuza Maria Ribeiro Teixeira Sara Timoteo Passos Saulo Cabral Bourguignon Saulo Teixeira de Moura Sebastião Aldo da Silva Valente Selene Maia de Morais Selma Margareth Bacellar de Souza Leã Selma Giorgio Selma Maria Bezerra Jeronimo Sergian Vianna Cardozo Sergio Danilo Junho Pena Sérgio de Albuquerque Sergio Galvão Coutinho Sergio Henrique Seabra Sergio Marcelo Rodriguez Malaga Sergio Schenkman Sheila Cristina Nardelli Silvana Maria Eloi Santos Silvana Marques de Araujo Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta Silvia Amaral Gonçalves da Silva Silvia Beatriz Boscardin Silvia Ermelinda Barbosa Sílvia Maria Santos Carvalho Silvia Maria Spalding Silvia Reni Bortolin Uliana Silvio Luís Pereira de Souza Silvio Santana Dolabella Simone Cardoso Leon Simone da Fonseca Pires Simone Ladeia Andrade Simone Patrícia Carneiro de Freitas Sinval Pinto Brandão Filho Solange Lisboa de Castro Sônia de Lucena Mioranza Sonia Gumes Andrade

27

1/2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Supplementary data

28

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

Name Sonia Maria Neumann Cupolilo Sônia Rolim Reis Sonia Soares Costa Stefano Trapani Stella Maria Barrouin Melo Stenio Perdigão Fragoso Sueli Fumie Yamada Ogatta Suzana Passos Chaves Suzete Araujo Oliveira Gomes Sylvio Celso Gonçalves da Costa Taís Nóbrega de Sousa Tamara Nunes de Lima Camara Tania Cremonini de Araujo-Jorge Tania Ueda Nakamura Tânia Zaverucha do Valle Tatiana Galvão de Melo de Oliveira Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura Tatiana Shioji Tiuman Tatjana Keesen de Souza Lima Tecia Maria Ulisses de Carvalho Teresa Cristina Bergamo do Bomfim Teresa Cristina França de Assumpção Teresa Cristina Leandro de Jesus Teresa Cristina Monte Gonçalves Teresa Fernandae Silva do Nascimento Tereza Cristina Orlando Thais Cristina Baeta Soares Souto Padron Thais Ferreira Isabel Thais Gomes Verzignassi Silveira Thales de Brito Thiago de Castro Gomes Tiago Moreno Castilho Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa Oliveira Ulisses Gazos Lopes Vagner José Mendonça Valdir de Queiroz Balbino Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima Valter Ferreira de Andrade Neto Vanessa Cabreira de Freitas Vanessa Migliaccio Vanessa Peruhype Magalhães Pascoal

1/2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

Name Vanete Thomaz Soccol Vania Lucia Brandao Nunes Vanize de Oliveira Macêdo Vera da Costa Valente Vera Lucia Pereira-Chioccola Veronica Figueiredo do Amaral Veronica Schmitz Pereira Vicente de Paulo Coelho Peixoto de Toledo Vinícius Santana Nunes Virginia Maria Barros de Lorena Virgínia Maria Góes da Silva Virmondes Rodrigues Junior Viviane Rodrigues Esperandim Viviane Sampaio Boaventura de Oliveira Vladimir Michailowsky Leite Ribeiro Vlaudia Maria Assis Costa Wagner Barbosa Dias Wagner Luiz Tafuri Wagner Welber Arrais da Silva Walderez Ornelas Dutra Walter Ceretti Junior Walter Colli Walter Flausino Wander Rogerio Pavanelli Wanderley de Souza Wanderli Pedro Tadei Wanderson Duarte da Rocha Wanderson Geraldo de Lima Washington Luis Conrado dos Santos Washington Luiz Tafuri Wendel Coura Vital Wendell Sérgio Ferreira Meira William Mello Kattenbach Williams Jorge da Cruz Macêdo Wilson Jacinto Silva de Souza Wilson Savino Wim Maurits Sylvain Degrave Wladimir Lobato Paraense Yara de Miranda Gomes Yara Maria Traub-Csekö Zelia Maria Profeta da Luz Zelson Giacomo Líss Zigman Brener

bolded names: persons who developed PhD in protozoology having as supervisor a nonprotozoologist.

Supplementary data

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Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2016

29

TABLE V Year that persons who did not develop PhD in protozoology published in this field Name

Yeara

ID

Name

Yeara

ID

Adrian Martin Pohlit Adriano Defini Andricopulo Alejandro Miguel Katzin Alessandra D’almeida Filardy Alessandra Scofield Alexandre Afranio Peixoto Aluízio Prata Ana Carolina Campi Azevedo Ana Cristina da Silva Pinto Ana Lúcia Teles Rabello Andréa Teixeira de Carvalho Angela Kaysel Cruz Amilcar Viana Martins Anibal Antonio da Silva Pereira Anita Hilda Straus Takahashi Antonio de Oliveira Lima Antonio Florencio de Figueiredo Astolpho Ferraz de Siqueira Bartira Rossi Bergmann Beatriz Dolabela de Lima Beatriz Rossetti Ferreira Bernardo Galvão Castro Filho Bianca Silvana Zingales Carlos Alberto Pereira Tavares Carlos Chagas Carlos Eduardo Pereira Corbett Carlos Eduardo Tosta da Silva Carlos Mauricio de Figueiredo Antunes Carlos Medicis Morel Carlos Renato Machado Carlos Wilson Gomes Lopes Célia Regina da Silva Garcia Celuta Sales Alviano Cezar Martins de Sá Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua Claudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro Clea Nazare Carneiro Bichara Conceiçao Ribeiro da Silva Machado Cristiana Ferreira Alves de Brito Débora Pereira Garcia Melo Denise da Silveira Lemos Edna Freymuller Haapalainen Edson Rondinelli Eloy Guillermo Castellón Bermúdez Erney Felicio Plessmann de Camargo Eveline Gomes Vasconcelos Fernando Dias de Avila Pires Firmino Torres de Castro Francisco Juarez Ramalho Pinto Frederico Guilherme Coutinho Abath George Alexandre dos Reis Gerhard Wunderlich Glaucius Oliva Gloria Regina Franco Guilherme Loureiro Werneck Hatisaburo Masuda

2007 2002 1986 2011 2000 2001 1963 2012 2007 1999 2002 1990 1956 1979 1993 1989 2007 1963 1987 1996 2005 1979 1979 1992 1909 1984 1982 1985 1977 2001 1980 1995 1980 1980 1998 1981 2004 1975 2005 2006 2008 1977 1984 1989 1961 2001 1998 1977 1994 1986 1980 1999 1988 2006 2002 1979

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56

Hector Barrabin Helio Langoni Hernando Antonio del Portillo Obando Hertha Meyer Hooman Momen Hugo Caire de Castro Faria Neto Humberto de Araújo Rangel Isaac Roitman Jane Lima dos Santos Jayme Angluster Jayme Neves Jeffrey Jon Shaw Jorge Elias Kalil Filho José Manuel Macário Rebêlo José Ailton da Silva Jose Daniel Figueroa-Villar Jose Maria Alvarez Mosig José Maria de Souza Jose Mauro Peralta Jose Osvaldo Previato Jose Roberto Meyer Fernandes Jose Rodrigues da Silva Joseli Lannes-Vieira Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto Julio Pudles Julio Scharfstein Laerte Grisi Lain Carlos Pontes de Carvalho Lea Ferreira Camillo Coura Leda Quercia Vieira Leila de Mendonca Lima Leonidas Deane Leucio Camara Alves Lizandra Guidi Magalhaes Lucia Helena O’Dwyer de Oliveira Lucia Mendonça Previato Luciano Andrade Moreira Lucile Maria Floeter-Winter Luiz Alberto Santana Luiz Carlos Alves Luiz Fernando Rocha Ferreira da Silva Luiz Ricardo Orsini Tosi Luiz Rodolpho Raja Gabaglia Travassos Luiz Vicente Rizzo Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha Marcello Andre Barcinski Marco Tulio Antonio Garciazapata Marcos Pinheiro Franque Marcos Vinícius da Silva Maria da Gloria Bonecini de Almeida Maria de Fatima Ferreira da Cruz Maria Vos Paumgartten Deane Mariangela Carneiro Marinete Marins Povoa Mario E Camargo Mauro Celio de Almeida Marzochi

2000 1999 1987 1948 1990 2003 1979 1969 2006 1985 1961 1965 1982 1996 2008 1995 1988 1982 1980 1979 1996 1957 1986 2004 1995 1982 1976 1985 1993 1993 2007 1955 2001 2011 1997 1986 2000 1990 2001 2013 2004 1996 1986 2004 2002 1984 1985 2004 2010 2009 2003 1955 2009 1994 1964 1980

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112

Supplementary data

30

Brazilian protozoology scenario • M Carolina Elias et al.

Name

Yeara

ID

Name

Yeara

ID

Michel Pinkus Rabinovitch Mucio Flavio Barbosa Ribeiro Nádia Regina Pereira Almosny Nilton Barnabé Rodrigues Olindo Assis Martins Filho Osvaldo Marinotti Osvaldo Pompilio de Melo Neto Otavio Henrique Thiemann Patricia Sampaio Tavares Veras Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla Philip Davis Marsden Rafael Maciel de Freitas Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho Raymundo Martins de Castro Regina Helena Saramago Peralta Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil Renato Arruda Mortara Renato Augusto Damatta Rodrigo Correa de Oliveira Rosa Maria Esteves Arantes Rosangela Locatelli Dittrich Rosângela Maria Rodrigues

1982 2012 2012 2015 1999 2005 2006 2001 2003 2004 1980 2004 2003 1971 2007 1983 1988 2000 2002 2004 2001 2005

113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134

Samuel Goldenberg Samuel Pessoa Santuza Maria Teixeira Selene Maia de Morais Selma Maria Bezerra Jeronimo Sergio Danilo Junho Pena Sergio Schenkman Silvana Maria Elói Santos Sonia Soares Costa Thales de Brito Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima Vanete Thomaz Soccol Walter Colli Wanderli Pedro Tadei Washington Luis Conrado dos Santos Washington Luiz Tafuri Wilson Savino Wim Maurits Sylvain Degrave Wladimir Lobato Paraense Yara de Miranda Gomes Yara Maria Traub-Cseko Zigman Brener

1984 1943 1994 2006 1992 1992 1986 2002 1999 1962 2002 2001 1974 1982 1993 1957 1989 2003 1949 1995 1988 1951

135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156

a: the year that scientist published his first paper in Brazil after his PhD; bolded names: persons who did develop PhD in protozoology outside Brazil.

Supplementary data