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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 15thSeptember 2017. Vol.55. No.1 © 2012-2017 TIJOSS & ARF. All rights reserved ISSN 2305-4557
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THE LEADERSHIP OF JAWARA ON POLITICAL OFFICIALS IN THE PREPARATION OF LOCAL REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF BANTEN PROVINCE Tubagus RegiasaFajar NIM: DIP 02.084 ABSTRACT The background of this research is the existence of a pattern of cultural identity of Jawara in Banten province and most of the leaders in Banten is a jawara which their leadership style is affect the preparation of local revenue and expenditure in Banten Province. This research use the descriptive method with qualitative approach and supported with quantitative data (descriptive statistics) from interviewees which choosen based on snowball technique and also validity and reability test with triangulation,interview,observation,documentationstudy, the descriptive technique of analysis and also the presentation of the result in formal and informal way. Conclusion (1) there are six strategic issues. Those strategic issues can be a series of strategies that can be set in the maximization of the leadership of jawara in the preparation of local revenue and expenditure in Banten Province (2)the impact of the leadership of jawara on political officials in the preparation of local revenue and expenditure of Banten province for the allocation,distribution,stabilization,and coordination, the problem are often found in distribution.(3) the leadership models that should be owned by Jawara especially in the preparation of local revenue and expenditure in Banten province is SEKAMAR (Strengths,Ethice,Knowledge,Aspirative,Mistic,Action,and Religious) Suggestion (1) necessity of pay an attention to ASOCA in the strategies to harmonize the better cultural identity of jawara in the maximization of the preparation of budgeting and use the power (2)the necessity of study in the distribution of budget to district in Banten province so there is no inequality in budget distribution (3) SEKAMAR pattern (Strengths,Ethice,Knowledge,Aspirative,Mistic,Action,and Religious) can be used as a guide for the leadership of Jawara in Banten province according to the characteristic of Banten. of Banten province,the meaning of the leadership of Jawara here is the leadership style that owned by someone who has a background and has been recognized as Jawara by people in Banten.
A.
BACKGROUND The characters of the officials are cause a problems that hampering the preparation of local revenue and expenditure of Banten and the executive should think harder because it will be difficult without the agreement especially in the leadership of Mrs. RatuAtutChosiyah as she led Banten Province in 2007 – 2012. Based on her profile, she is one of Jawara in Banten and she also have a contribution in preserving the traditional martial arts of Banten. According to those problems, researcher try to to conduct the research which is related to the leadership of Jawara and the characteristic of political officials in the preparation of local revenue and expenditure
B. RESEARCH QUESTION The formulation of the problem in this research are as follows: 1. How is the leadership of Jawara to the political officials in the preparation of the local revenue and expenditure (APBD) in Banten province? 2. How is the impact of leadership of Jawarato the politicals officials in the preparation of the local revenue and expenditure (APBD) in Banten province?
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 15thSeptember 2017. Vol.55. No.1 © 2012-2017 TIJOSS & ARF. All rights reserved ISSN 2305-4557
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How is the model of the leadership of Jawara to the political officials in the preparation of tht local revenue and expenditure (APBD) in Banten?
wealth and it make them close to someone called kyai and Jawara is one of the most influential leadership element in Banten. Jawara also has a source of the superiority and that’s a magic or power which obtained from Kyai and it makes Jawara leadership more stronger (Masykur Afuy,97:2002). Robbins (2007: 84) explain the three variables of individuals that affect their behavior in Organization is skills,biographic characteristic,and learning.
C. THE BENEFIT OF THE RESEARCH There are practical benefit and also the theoretical benefit provided in this study as it follows : 1. Theoretical benefit The result of this research are expected to be used to the improvement of public administration especially in the theory of leadership. 2. Practical benefit The result of this research are expected to be an input in the effective preparation and the making process of the local revenue and expenditure (APBD).
E.
RESEARCH METHOD Based on the problems that has been formulated by the researcher, the design that used in this research is qualitative design, so by this research there is a descrption of the problems that are examined in detail in the unit of analysis based on the snowball technique by looking for an informant as a key. Key informan are those who know and have a variety of information which is needed in the research or someone who know about the problems which are being researched. The technique that used by the researcher in collecting the data is :interview,observation and documentation study,the descriptive technique of analysis and also the presentation of the result in formal and informal way.
D.
LITERATURE REVIEW According to U. Rosenthal (1986 : 1) De bestuurswetenchap is de wetenschap die zichuitsluitedbezighoudt met de studie van interneenexternewerking van de structuren en prosessen. The public administration as the study that autonomously observe about the the structures and process of the governments which involving the policy and the binding decisions in the name of common life. The definition of leader according to Ermaya (1995 : 11) is a person that led a group which consist of two persons or more than two persons in the organization and also family. While the definition of leadership is the ability of a leader to control, lead, influence someone’s mind,feelings,or behaviours in order to reach the goals that has been set before. The leader in make a decision according to Ermaya (2013 : 18) can be use ASOCA (Ability,Strength,Opportunities,Culture,and Agility) analysis method management analysis of good government is not only use SWOT analysis but ASOCA (Ability,Strength,Opportunities,Culture,and Agility) methods also can be use in Indonesia. Jawara is someone who has a
F. DISCUSSION 1. The discussion of the leadership of Jawara on the political officials in the preparation of the local revenue and expenditure (APBD) in Banten province Based on the research it is known that tha planning in the program and activity in Banten province has involved all of the relevant agencies. The limitation of human resource skill will affect the performance of the head of the region and the leadership of DPRD Banten and also the other members so that there will be the open leadership will be created instead of accentuating cultural strength as Jawara in Bantenbut that title should be balanced with a broad knowledge like the knowledge of the applicable laws. The formulation between the opportunity aspects and the threats of the external circle of the strength and the weaknesses from
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 15thSeptember 2017. Vol.55. No.1 © 2012-2017 TIJOSS & ARF. All rights reserved ISSN 2305-4557
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internal circle will produce the strategic issues in the leadership of Jawara in the preparation of the local revenue and expenditure (APBD) in Banten Province. There are 6 strategic issues in the improvement of apparatus performance in Banten Province as it follows: 1. ABO Strategic Issue (use the ability for the existing opportunities) 2. SO Strategic Issue ( use the strength yo maximize the existing opportunities) 3. ABC Strategic Issue ( use the ability by harmonize the existing culture) 4. SC Strategic Issue ( use the strength of the existing culture) 5. ABAG strategic Issue ( Use the ability in intelligence maximizing) 6. SAG Strategic Issue ( use the strength of the existing intelligence)
province to the district so that, sometimes there is a protest from the district because of those inequality in budget distribution, beside that,budget distribution in Banten Province are not based on regional needs and most budgets are still managed by the province so that the budget distributon which done by the province is not optimal yet. While the positive impact to the budgets activity stabilization are quite well. There is an increase in 2014 to 2015 and in those budget stabilization it cannot be apart from the existence of the efforts of governments of Banten in improving the source of income. 3. The leadership model of Jawara to the political officials in the preparation of local revenue and expenditure (APBD) in Banten Province. Based on the result of the research and the discussion, the researcher can describe a model of the leadership that must be owned by Jawara especially in the preparation of local revenue and expenditure (APBD) in Banten Province is SEKAMAR (Strengths,Ethice, Knowledge, Aspirative, Mistic, Action, and Religious) Models. With the image as it follows:
2. The discussion of the impact of the leadership of Jawara in the preparation of local revenue and expenditure (APBD) in Banten Province. The impact of APBD distribution activityin 2015 has been seen that there are some constraints such as an inequality sin budget distribution that given by Banten
S
Strengths( Kekuatan ) Ethics( Etika )
E
Knowladge( Pengetahuan ) Aspiration( Aspirasi )
K
Mistic( Mistik )
A
Action ( Tindakan )
M
Relegious( Religi )
A R Picture number 3. Sekamar Models
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 15thSeptember 2017. Vol.55. No.1 © 2012-2017 TIJOSS & ARF. All rights reserved ISSN 2305-4557
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The explanation of SEKAMAR Models as it follow: 1. Strengths, As a Jawara Strength is an embedded personalityand refers to : a. Someone’s personality is the inheritance of parents b. Preserving an existing culture c. The polite personality is a reflection of a stropng culture d. Easier in access an information. 2. Ethics, a Jawara in their leadership has : a. Behavior that in line with the purpose of the organization or the activity that led by themselves. b. The purpose of Jawara is a clear leadership c. Self confidence is a set of powerfull element in ethic behavior. d. Patience and full of convidence in making a decision e. Firm / unshakable f. Consistent eith the most important thing/priority. 3. Knowledge, knowledge is needed by a Jawara in their leadership. Knowledge is something that comes and formed in someone’s mind and soul, it is due to the presenceof the reaction,touch,and communication with anything around. This knowledge includes emotion, tradition, skill,information, creeds, and thoughts. 4. Aspiration, in their leadershiop a jawara should be able to accommodate the aspiration from public and also have an aspiration as a step to reach the goals, here, the meaning of aspiration is a desire of someone to reach the goals or the objective. 5. Mistic, as a jawara which well known with their mistic they should pay attention to their positive mistic. 6. Action, action is the highes step that contains some elements such as an activity, an act, and body movement, but actualy action is a parameter of someone’s maturity in order to reach their objective.
7.
Relegious the leadership of Jawara are cannot be apart from religion terms, so there is something called relegiousity. although it has same word, the use of "relegiousity" actually has a different meaning with "religion" Religion is more focuses on formal aspects which related to the urules and the obligations while relegiousity is more focuses on relegious asppect which has been lived in someone's heart.
G. CONCLUSION & SUGGESTION based on the result of this research and the discussion on the previous chapter, we can conclude that as it follow : 1) the leadership of Jawara on the political officials in the preparation of local revenue and expenditur (APBD) in Banten Province based on the analysis of internal and external circle and also based on ASOCA analysis : a. there are six startegic issue. All those strategic issue can be a series of strategies that can be used to maximize the leadership of Jawara in the preparation of local revenue and expenditure in Banten Province. Those six Strategies are as it follow: 1. ABO Strategic Issue (use the ability for the existing opportunities) 2. SO Strategic Issue ( use the strength yo maximize the existing opportunities) 3. ABC Strategic Issue ( use the ability by harmonize the existing culture) 4. SC Strategic Issue ( use the strength of the existing culture) 5. ABAG strategic Issue ( Use the ability in intelligence maximizing) 6. SAG Strategic Issue ( use the strength of the existing intelligence) b. In ASOCA, the most strategic issue of (ability-culture) is to harmonize the good culture of Jawara in order to maximize the preparation of budget making process. the most startegic issue of (ability orgnitation) is use the authority to get the
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 15thSeptember 2017. Vol.55. No.1 © 2012-2017 TIJOSS & ARF. All rights reserved ISSN 2305-4557
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suports such as the donation or budget acceleraation.
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c. In the function of APBD as the impact of the leaership of Jawara on the political officials in the preparation of local revenue and expenditure in Banten Province for an allocation, distribution,stabilization,and coordination mostly the problems are oftend found in distribution because there are an uneven district and the city in Banten Province. d. the leadership model/style that should be owned by Jawara is focuses in the preparation of local revenue and expenditure in Banten Province,. It is SEKAMAR (Strengths, Ethice, Knowledge, Aspirtive, Mistic, Action, and Religious)
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Suggestion based on the research , the researcher give the suggestions as it follow: 1) Pay attention to ASOCA which has many input and opinion especially in the strategies to harmonize the good culture of Jawara in mximization the preparation of budget making process and use the authority to get the suports such as donation/financial supports, and budget acceleration. 2) The needs of observation or a study which is more detail in budget distribution to the districts in Banten Province so that there is no an inequality in budget distribution. 3) SEKAMAR model can be used as a guide for the leadership of Jawarain Banten Province according to the characteristic of Banten.
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