THE WORLD OF WORK B1 / SESSION 2
Welcome to session 2! This session covers the following topics: Vocabulary: Jobs and the world of work Grammar: modals of prohibition, obligation and permission Reading: Equality? Listening: What you wanted to be when you were a child Communication: the advantages and disadvantages of different jobs, rules we have to follow. Dream jobs and nightmare jobs. Sexism and men’s and women’s jobs.
www.ochoenglish.com
[email protected]
A little vocabulary to start… 1. Match the pictures with the words: vet
model
travel photographer
nurse baker
electrician builder
www.ochoenglish.com
[email protected]
musician police officer
2. Use the jobs from exercise 1 to complete the following sentences. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i)
A ______________________ mustn’t be overweight and has to be beautiful for the catwalk. A ______________________ usually runs a shop and must get up very early. A ______________________ can’t spend much time at home but can visit foreign countries. A ______________________ has to compose songs and can’t forget the lyrics. A ______________________ mustn’t be afraid of big dogs! An _____________________ is usually self-employed and has to travel to houses with his tools. A ______________________ must do a lot of hard physical work. A ______________________ has to look after people at a clinic or hospital every day. A ______________________ often has to work unsociable hours and shifts.
3. Find definitions for the words in bold in exercise 2 from the list below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
difficult scared in places away from your native country the place a model shows clothes in a fashion show. care for
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
the equipment you need to do a job. the timetable you have for your job. works for himself / herself is responsible for the words to a song
4. Look at the jobs in the vocabulary tree below and add some more. Think about obligations and prohibitions for some of these jobs: hairdresser teacher
firefighter civil servant
architect
JOBS
chef
waiter
artist
journalist
TV presenter
stockbroker accountant
www.ochoenglish.com
[email protected]
GRAMMAR: MODALS OF OBLIGATION, PROHIBITION and PERMISSION 5. Look at some of the examples from exercise 2. Do the sentences talk about prohibition, permission or obligation? a) A model has to be beautiful for the catwalk.
____________________
b) A musician can’t forget the lyrics.
____________________
c) A baker must get up very early.
____________________
d) A travel photographer can visit foreign countries.
____________________
e) A vet mustn’t be afraid of big dogs.
____________________ -Use modal verbs with the infinitive without to: I must study.
We can use:
-For negatives, use not after the modal: I can not (can’t) study too much!
Have to and must to talk about obligation. Can’t and mustn’t to talk about prohibition. Can to talk about permission.
-Place modals before the subject for questions: Can you study? -Use to with have: I have to study!
6. Complete the sentences with the correct modal: a) An actress ____________________ perform on stage every night. b) To be a successful artist you _______________________ paint every day. c) If you want to impress your boss, you ______________________ be late for work! d) If you are self-employed, you ____________________ work a flexible timetable. e) The boss ________________________ take responsibility for the employees. f) A builder _____________________ wear casual clothes to work. He doesn’t have to wear a suit.
www.ochoenglish.com
[email protected]
READING EQUALITY? In this day and age of supposed equality between the sexes, men work as nannies and house-husbands and women drive trucks and are directors of big business. So we shouldn’t be very surprised if a woman turns up at our house to fix the electrics. However, Carla, a 27 year-old electrician from Doncaster, has found a different reality in her new profession. Carla, a former model, has to work very hard to compete with her male counterparts. ‘When I was sixteen I had the chance to work as a model. It was something I had to do. I knew I wouldn’t have the chance again,’ says Carla. ‘Working on the catwalk and for magazines was fantastic. I could travel too, and I visited a lot of foreign countries I would never have had the chance to go to. My father was an electrician and, since I was a child, I have helped him and learnt a lot about the business. I always knew I wanted to be an electrician too. Models are sometimes stereotyped as a little stupid or superficial, but I’m very practical and being self-employed really appealed to me.’ Last year, when her father retired, Carla decided to leave modeling and run the family business. She had all the tools she needed and an already established business, but things were not as easy as they looked. ‘I knew it would be a challenge,’ says Carla. ‘My father told me I mustn’t give up, and I won’t, but many of the men I work with are very suspicious of me and don’t think a woman is capable of doing this job. I have won a few points because my father had such a good reputation and because I’m good at my job. Not everybody is the same. Some of the men I work with are very good to me. I’ve earned their respect. My determination makes me continue and I don’t allow them to bring me down. It’s a very different life. I’ve changed a very female-dominated world for a maledominated one. I hope that with time people’s attitudes will change and more women will start to work in my profession and other ‘male’ professions.’ Carla is a good example of how women can do what is often seen as ‘men’s jobs’ and there are many more examples of men doing what could be classified as ‘women’s jobs’. Men working as nannies, house-husbands, hairdressers and carers is becoming more and more common. We spoke to Mark, a house-husband from London. ‘My wife had a better job than me and earned more money. When our son was born it made sense for me to stay at home and look after him. And I wanted to. Why shouldn’t a father be as capable as a mother of bringing up a child? I love my new job as a house-husband, even though it’s very difficult sometimes. All my friends and family accept what I do now. Fathers are allowed to stay at home with their children too. Some people don’t understand it, but that’s their problem. We’re happy with our situation and that is what counts.’ Both Mark and Carla are examples of how things are changing, though they both admit that equal opportunity has a long way to go before attitudes change completely.
www.ochoenglish.com
[email protected]
7. Answer the questions about the text to check your understanding:
a) How should we feel if a woman electrician appears at our house?
b) Does Carla find it easy to work with her male equivalents and equals?
c) When Carla’s father finished working, what did she do?
d) Did Carla know working as an electrician would be a test of her determination?
e) Do a lot of the men who Carla works with have doubts about her?
f)
What was the most logical thing for Mark to do when his son was born?
g) Does Mark think that attitudes about men educating children are wrong?
h) What do both Carla and Mark think is a long process that has just started?
8. Match the phrases in blue in the text to the phrases in blue in the questions. Below is the list of the blue phrases from the text to help you: turns up:
counterparts:
retired:
challenge:
suspicious:
made sense:
bring up:
has a long way to go:
www.ochoenglish.com
[email protected]
A little more grammar to help you… 9. Look at the three phrases in yellow in the text: Which one talks about prohibition, obligation and permission? My determination makes me continue:
______________________
I don’t allow them to bring me down:
______________________
Fathers are allowed to stay at home:
______________________
Use be allowed to to talk about permission, when the person receiving the permission is the subject. It isn’t necessary to say who gives the permission. ‘At school, children are allowed to play outside.’ Use allow + object + to + infinitive to talk about permission when the person giving the permission is the subject and the object is stated: ‘Schools allow children to play outside.’ Use do / does not + allow + object + to + infinitive or be + not + allowed +to to show something is prohibited: ‘At school, children are not allowed to miss class.’ ‘Schools do not allow children to miss class.’ We can also use let in more informal situations with the same meaning as allow. Use let + object + infinitive without to. To use let we must state the object: ‘Schools do not let children miss class.’ ‘At school, children are not let to miss class.’ ‘We don’t let smoking’
We don’t allow smoking.
We can use allow followed by a noun or verb + ing to talk about general, universal rules. We can’t use let. To talk about obligation we can use make when the person giving the obligation is the subject. Use subject + make + object + infinitive without to: ‘Schools make children attend class.’
www.ochoenglish.com
[email protected]
Let’s practice… 10. Choose one of the words below to complete the sentences: have to
makes
allow
let
are not allowed
let
can’t
can
a) This is a restaurant. Dogs _________________________________ to enter! Sorry. b) The children _________________ go to bed early or they won’t get up for school in the morning! c) My boss was great. She _____________ me stay at home when I had the flu. d) Our teacher __________ us do our homework and listen in class. e) A model ___________ arrive for work unless she is perfect. f)
I’m sorry. We don’t ______________ smoking in this pub.
g) My mother said I _______ go to the cinema this weekend if I want. h) ‘I’ll only _____ you have dessert if you eat all your vegetables!’
LISTENING 11. This is a short text for listening practice. Listen to Julia talking about what she wanted to be when she was a child and answer the questions. Listen twice, or three times if necessary: a) For Julia, being an artist was a d_________________ b) Julia wanted to be an artist because it seemed r______________________ and i________________________. c) Julia says you have to have a certain amount of s_________________ to be an artist. d) Julia doesn’t think she could s________________ her family on her a_________________ as an artist. e) Art is still a p________________ and a h__________________ for Julia. f) Julia became a teacher because it was more p_______________________.
www.ochoenglish.com
[email protected]
PREPARATION FOR ONLINE CONVERSATION CLASS I hope you’ve learnt some things here that you can bring to the online session. Try to use the grammar and vocabulary from this session to do the following exercises:
Think about these questions and make notes to bring to the online class: •
What is your dream job? What is your nightmare job? Why?
•
What are considered ‘men’s jobs’ and ‘women’s jobs’? Should both sexes be able to do these jobs?
•
What do you think about men working as house-husbands and women working as electricians? Is it ok? Why do people think it is strange?
•
Choose three of the jobs from the vocabulary tree in exercise 4 (page 3) and write an advantage and disadvantage for each one. What things must / mustn’t these people do in their jobs? What can / can’t they do? What are they allowed to do? What are their obligations in their job?
•
What obligations, prohibitions and permissions do you have in your job or studies?
•
What did you want to be when you were a child?
Remember, we will correct all the exercises included in this session in the online class and talk about the things you have prepared. After the online session, OCHO will send your writing assignment to you. You need to email it to us to correct. We can also answer any doubts you have then too. See you online soon!
www.ochoenglish.com
[email protected]