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Abstract: Leavitt, S. D., Divakar, P. K, Crespo, A. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2016. A matter of time – understanding the li

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Herzogia 29 (2) Teil 1, 2016: 479 – 492 479

A matter of time – understanding the limits of the power of molecular data for delimiting species boundaries Steven D. Leavitt*, Pradeep K. Divakar, Ana Crespo & H. Thorsten Lumbsch

Abstract: Leavitt, S. D., Divakar, P. K, Crespo, A. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2016. A matter of time – understanding the limits of the power of molecular data for delimiting species boundaries. – Herzogia 29: 479 – 492. The complexity of species delimitation has not decreased with the availability of molecular data and careful interpretation of data is needed for classification at the species level. Recent studies have revolutionized our understanding of species delimitations in lichen–forming fungi, including the discovery of a bewildering number of cryptic species. However, molecular sequence data has also illustrated the difficulty of separating some lineages that are well characterized by phenotypical traits. Without acknowledging the temporal aspect, species delimitation using molecular data will fail across a wide range of scenarios. In light of the prevalent use of molecular sequence data in species delimitation research of lichen–forming fungi, here we aim to highlight the major strengths and limitations of using genetic data to inform species–level taxonomy. Using examples from our research in Lecanoraceae and Parmeliaceae, we underscore how understanding the temporal component of diversification and statistical inference under the multi– species coalescent model can help to inform taxonomic decisions. We use examples from Bryoria (Parmeliaceae) and Thamnolia (Icmadophilaceae) to demonstrate the power of statistical inference in helping to inform taxonomic decisions in closely related species groups. We conclude with a general discussion of some guidelines to incorporate evidence from molecular sequence into species–level taxonomy Zusammenfassung: Leavitt, S. D., Divakar, P. K, Crespo, A. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2016. Eine Frage der Zeit zum Verständnis der Grenzen der Aussagekraft molekularer Daten zur Abgrenzung von Artenkreisen. – Herzogia 29: 479 – 492. Molekulare Daten haben die Schwierigkeiten bei der Artabgrenzung nicht verringert – eine sorgfältige Interpretation der Daten ist weiterhin notwendig zur Klassifikation auf dem Artniveau. Neuere Studien haben unser Verständnis der Artabgrenzung bei flechtenbildenden Pilzen revolutioniert, insbesondere mit der Entdeckung einer überraschend großen Anzahl kryptischer Arten. Allerdings war es in einer Reihe von Studien nicht möglich, mit molekularen Daten phänotypisch klar umschriebene Sippen zu unterscheiden. Wenn der zeitliche Aspekt der Artbildung unberücksichtigt bleibt, sind Methoden zur Artabgrenzung mit Hilfe molekularer Daten unvollständig und führen unter Umständen sogar zu falschen Schlussfolgerungen. Angesichts des ansteigenden Gebrauchs molekularer Daten zur Artabgrenzung lichenisierter Pilze diskutieren wir Stärken und Grenzen des Gebrauchs dieser Daten für die Taxonomie im Artbereich. Insbesondere werden Beispiele unserer Arbeiten zur Artabgrenzung innerhalb der Lecanoraceae und Parmeliaceae besprochen und die Bedeutung statistischer Methoden in einem Multi–Spezies Koaleszenz–Modell dargestellt. Publizierte Datensätze aus den Gattungen Bryoria (Parmeliaceae) und Thamnolia (Icmadophilaceae) werden in diesem Zusammenhang untersucht. Abschließend diskutieren wir einige Leitlinien zur Interpretation molekularer Daten zur Taxonomie im Artbereich. Key words: Coalescent theory, DNA barcoding, lichen-forming fungi, molecular taxonomy, monophyly.

* Corresponding author

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