Idea Transcript
48583 Power Systems Operation and Protection Warning: The information on this page is indicative. The subject outline for a particular session, location and mode of offering is the authoritative source of all information about the subject for that offering. Required texts, recommended texts and references in particular are likely to change. Students will be provided with a subject outline once they enrol in the subject. Subject handbook information prior to 2018 is available in the Archives. UTS: Engineering: Electrical and Data Engineering Credit points: 6 cp Subject level: Undergraduate Result type: Grade and marks Requisite(s): 48572 Power Circuit Theory Recommended studies: power circuit theory knowledge is essential for this subject; complex numbers and its application to the analysis of AC circuits; power circuit analysis and fault calculations; fundamentals of electrical machines; MATLAB programming to solve simple problems
Description The primary objective of this subject is the development of a working knowledge of power systems operation and protection. The subject aims to provide students with a knowledge and understanding of elements of the supply chain and how they function in the National Electricity Market; demand-side management options including smart meters; load forecasting and optimal load scheduling for secure energy supply and use; protection schemes for transmission and distribution networks; communications in power systems, including communication media, architectures, automation, standards, protocols and security; and basic design, connection and standards of current and voltage instrument transformers for protection and metering applications.
Subject learning objectives (SLOs) Upon successful completion of this subject students should be able to: 1. Identify elements of the supply chain and how they function in the National Electricity Market 2. Explain demand-side management options including smart meters 3. Recognize load forecasting and optimal load scheduling for secure energy supply and use 4. Design protection schemes for transmission and distribution networks 5. Explain communications in power systems, including communication media, architectures, automation, standards, protocols and security 6. Illustrate basic design, connection and standards of current and voltage instrument transformers for protection and metering applications
Course intended learning outcomes (CILOs) This subject also contributes specifically to the development of the following faculty Course Intended Learning Outcomes (CILOs) and Engineers Australia (EA) Stage 1 competencies: Identify, interpret and analyse stakeholder needs, which is linked to EA Stage 1 Competencies: 1.2, 2.3, 2.4 (A.1) Apply systems thinking to understand complex system behaviour including interactions between components and with other systems (social, cultural, legislative, environmental, business etc.), which is linked to EA Stage 1 Competency: 1.5 (A.5) Identify and apply relevant problem solving methodologies, which is linked to EA Stage 1 Competencies: 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 (B.1) Implement and test solutions, which is linked to EA Stage 1 Competencies: 2.2, 2.3 (B.5) Demonstrate research skills, which is linked to EA Stage 1 Competencies: 1.4, 2.1 (B.6) Manage own time and processes effectively by prioritising competing demands to achieve personal goals, which is linked to EA Stage 1 Competencies: 3.5, 3.6 (D.1) Communicate effectively in ways appropriate to the discipline, audience and purpose, which is linked to EA Stage 1 Competency: 3.2 (E.1) Work as an effective member or leader of diverse teams within a multi-level, multi-disciplinary and multi-cultural setting, which is linked to EA Stage 1 Competencies: 2.4, 3.2, 3.6 (E.2)
Teaching and learning strategies Class time is used for lectures, tutorials, and laboratories. Lectures will introduce the material in a modular fashion, starting from electricity supply chain fundamentals and working up to power system operation and protection scheme design. Tutorials will concentrate on reinforcing fundamental concepts through drill problems, computer simulations and design exercises. Laboratories will reinforce fundamental concepts and provide opportunities for verification of power system behaviour from model predictions. In order to bridge the gap between theory and practice and to increase familiarity with the literature, students will be required to attempt a number of computing and experimental assignments based on theory and techniques treated in the lectures, but which require further individual investigation. Student learning is supported in the following way: 1. Prior to each teaching activity, students are required to study the lecture notes and associated readings and prepare questions relating to the weekly content and the tutorial questions, assessment tasks they are working on. The lecture notes are aimed as a supplement to the textbooks referred to the students. Students are advised not to depend only on the lecture notes but to work through the prescribed textbooks as well as other published texts on the topic, using the notes as a guideline. The textbooks contain many examples and exercises. Although solving these exercises is not formally assessed, this work is part of the learning process. The students are expected to enhance their competency in the course by solving these exercises and to demonstrate their level of understanding through the laboratory work and solving exam problems and assessment tasks. 2. Students are strongly advised to attend all lectures. Lecture attendance will be recorded. Lectures will be delivered in an interactive atmosphere between the students and the lecturer. Students will have the opportunity to raise any doubts and questions in relation to the lecture topic, and receive the feedback from the lecturer. During the lecture, students will work in pairs or group to solve relevant problems based on the studied topics; in this way, peer feedback is supported. Tutorial questions relevant to the lecture topics will be solved along with the lecture on the topic. Tutorial solutions will not be provided online. Students can come to consultation sessions for further feedback on progress. Students are encouraged to work through exercise problems relevant to the lecture topics included in the power system textbooks. 3. Laboratories are structured sessions that allow you to put into practice the theory developed in lectures using specialised equipment. They generally involve prep-work. Students should complete any pre-lab work included in the experiment before coming to the lab. The power system laboratories will include experiments that may involve high voltages hence the students have to strictly adhere to the safety procedure and the safety instructions given by the lab staff members. In the power system lab, students will work in groups of 2-3 on their laboratory tasks. At the beginning of the lab, academic staff will check the pre-lab work and discuss with the entire group the challenges they are facing, which is another opportunity for formative feedback. In the computer lab, students will work individually on their laboratory tasks, and lab assistants are available to give verbal feedback. 4. For Assignments 1 and 2, there will be written feedback on particular aspects of a student's work; see Assessment for more details. In addition, there will be a formative quiz available on UTSOnline in Week 4 for students to check their progress and receive automatic feedback.
Content (topics) The subject is structured into four modules, and content is organized as follows: 1. Electricity Supply Chain Fundamentals, Demand-Side Management and Load Forecasting: overview of the National Electricity Market (NEM), and the roles of the various participants in planning and operating the supply and delivery of energy to the end user; market security operations; market financial operations; and demand-side management and load forecasting. 2. Protection of Transmission and Distribution Networks: Abnormal conditions; protection functions; protection system elements (DC tripping circuits, primary protection and zone overlapping, back-up protection); protection requirements (reliability, dependability, security, selectivity, speed, sensitivity, simplicity, economics); design and operation of fuses, relays, circuit breakers, surge diverters; and overvoltage, overcurrent, unit, distance, transformer, bus and auto-reclose protection schemes. 3. Instrument Transformers and Protection Settings: current transformers, magnetic voltage transformers, capacitive voltage transformers; protection drawings; protection settings process; feeder protection settings; transformer protection settings; and backup earth fault and overcurrent protection coordination. 4. Telecommunications and Communications Protocols: Communication principles and terminologies used in power systems; leading global organisations and their standards; power system automation and integration concepts; architectures and protocols utilised in power system communication networks; power system security aspects, SCADA and contingency analysis; operational metering; and future technologies and their implications for power system communications. Instrument transformers Current transformers - Vector diagram - CT Definitions - Magnetisation curve of a CT – Transient behaviour of CTs - Potential transformers (PTs) Vector diagram of a PT - CT Definitions Protective relays Requirements of a protective relaying - Classification of relays - Induction relay - Torque equation of the induction relay - Characteristics of induction relay - Directional relay - Torque in directional element - Distance relays - Impedance relay - Mho relay Static relays - Static overcurrent relay - Micro-processor based relays - Microprocessor over current relay Protection of generators Differential protection - Problems with differential protection - Biased differential protection - Biased differential protection of generator - Over current and earth fault protection Protection of transformers Buchholz relay - Biased differential protection of transformers - Harmonic restraint – Harmonic blocking - Other transformer protections Protection of transmission lines Time graded overcurrent protection - Protection of ring main systems - Distance protection of transmission lines - High speed impedance protection - Differential pilot wire protection of transmission lines - Transley protection of transmission lines - Carrier current protectionCircuit breakers Arc phenomena - Recovery rate theory - Energy balance theory - Recovery and restriking voltages - Rate of rising of restriking voltage (RRRV) Resistance switching - Interruption of capacitive and inductive circuits - Capacitive circuits interruption - Inductive circuits interruption and current chopping - Circuit breaker classifications and specifications - Oil circuit breakers - Plain break oil circuit breaker - Self generated pressure oil circuit breaker - Air blast circuit breaker - Sulphur hexa-fluoride (SF6) circuit breaker - Vacuum circuit breaker - Selection of circuit breakers - Gas insulated substation (GIS) - Gas insulated cables (GIC) Power system planning Aspects of power system planning - Stages of power system planning . - Basic planning stage - System development stage - Project planning stage - Load forecast - Terminologies - Load curve - Load forecast methods - Planning principles Economic operation of power system Power output control between units within a plant - Load distribution between different plants - Computation of transmission line loss - Economic dispatch with transmission losses included Operation and control of power systems SCADA / EMS - Remote terminal units (RTU) - Real time and study mode activities – Basic SCADA / EMS architecture - System operating states State estimation - Power system operation under NEMCO - Security analysis by NEMCO - Dynamic security assessment (DSA) Power markets Different marketing companies - Characteristics of electricity market - Spot marketing – Balanced spot market - Functioning procedure of spot market management - Payment process - Economic operation - Condition for optimal generation - Scheduling - Security of power system operation - Generation-load balance - Network security - Implementation of ancillary service mechanism - Compulsory ancillary services - Ancillary services from market - Ancillary services from load end - Ancillary service purchase - Estimation of ancillary service requirement - Billing of ancillary services - Payments for reserve services - Payments for regulation and load following services.
Assessment Assessment task 1: Power system labs - 3 experiments Objective(s):
This assessment task addresses the following subject learning objectives (SLOs): 1, 2, 4 and 6 This assessment task contributes to the development of the following course intended learning outcomes (CILOs): A.1, A.5, B.1, B.5, E.1 and E.2
Type:
Laboratory/practical
Groupwork:
Group, group assessed
Weight:
15%
Criteria linkages: Criteria
Weight (%)
SLOs
CILOs
Correct derivation of the solutions to the pre-lab questions
20
1, 4, 6
B.1, E.2
Correct recording of the experiment data and waveforms
40
4, 6
A.5, B.5, E.2
Quality of analysis of pre-lab and experimental results
40
2, 4, 6
A.1, A.5, E.1, E.2
SLOs: subject learning objectives CILOs: course intended learning outcomes
Assessment task 2: Power system software lab - 1 experiment Objective(s):
This assessment task addresses the following subject learning objectives (SLOs): 3, 4 and 6 This assessment task contributes to the development of the following course intended learning outcomes (CILOs): A.1, A.5, B.1, B.5 and D.1
Type:
Laboratory/practical
Groupwork:
Individual
Weight:
5%
Criteria linkages: Criteria
Weight (%)
SLOs
CILOs
Correct set-up of network and corresponding calculations
50
4, 6
A.5, B.5, D.1
Quality of analysis of pre-lab and experimental results
50
3, 4, 6
A.1, B.1, D.1
SLOs: subject learning objectives CILOs: course intended learning outcomes
Assessment task 3: Assignment - 1 Objective(s):
This assessment task addresses the following subject learning objectives (SLOs): 1, 2, 4 and 6 This assessment task contributes to the development of the following course intended learning outcomes (CILOs): A.1, A.5, B.1, D.1 and E.1
Type:
Exercises
Groupwork:
Individual
Weight:
10%
Criteria linkages: Criteria
Weight (%)
SLOs
CILOs
Overall quality of assignment presentation
20
4, 6
D.1, E.1
Correct formulation and steps
30
1, 2, 4, 6
A.1, A.5
Correct results
50
1, 2, 4, 6
B.1
SLOs: subject learning objectives CILOs: course intended learning outcomes
Assessment task 4: Assignment - 2 Objective(s):
This assessment task addresses the following subject learning objectives (SLOs): 1, 2, 4 and 6 This assessment task contributes to the development of the following course intended learning outcomes (CILOs): A.1, A.5, B.1, D.1 and E.1
Type:
Exercises
Groupwork:
Individual
Weight:
10%
Criteria linkages: Criteria
Weight (%)
SLOs
CILOs
Overall quality of assignment presentation
20
4, 6
D.1, E.1
Correct formulation and steps
30
1, 2, 4, 6
A.1, A.5
Correct results
50
1, 2, 4, 6
B.1
SLOs: subject learning objectives CILOs: course intended learning outcomes
Assessment task 5: Assignment - 3 (individual activity) Objective(s):
This assessment task addresses the following subject learning objectives (SLOs): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 This assessment task contributes to the development of the following course intended learning outcomes (CILOs): A.1, A.5, B.6, D.1 and E.1
Type:
Report
Groupwork:
Individual
Weight:
10%
Criteria linkages:
Criteria
Weight (%)
SLOs
CILOs
Overall quality of report presentation (spelling, grammar, structure, cover sheet, table of contents, references)
25
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
A.1, A.5, B.6, D.1
Enough report sources and appropriate referencing
15
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
A.1, A.5, B.6, D.1
Correct report style
10
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
A.5, E.1
Overall quality of presentation content (enough information, clear logic and flow)
25
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
A.1, A.5, B.6, D.1
Overall quality of presentation style (slides, speech)-
25
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
A.5, E.1
SLOs: subject learning objectives CILOs: course intended learning outcomes
Assessment task 6: Exam Objective(s):
This assessment task addresses the following subject learning objectives (SLOs): 4 and 6 This assessment task contributes to the development of the following course intended learning outcomes (CILOs): A.1, A.5, B.1, D.1 and E.1
Type:
Examination
Groupwork:
Individual
Weight:
50%
Length:
2 hours plus 10 minutes reading time
Criteria linkages: Criteria
Weight (%)
SLOs
CILOs
Overall quality of assignment presentation
20
4, 6
D.1, E.1
Correct formulation and steps
30
4, 6
A.1, A.5
Correct results
50
4, 6
B.1
SLOs: subject learning objectives CILOs: course intended learning outcomes
Recommended texts Y. G. Paithankar and S. R. Bhide , Fundamentals of Power System protection, Prentice-Hall of India, Second Edition, 2010. Daniel Kirschen and Goran Strbac, Fundamentals of Power System Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2004.
References A. Wright and C. Christopoulos , Electrical power system protection, Chapman & Hall, 1993. Robert H. Miller and James H. Malinowski , Power system operation, McGraw-Hill, 1993. Jurgen Schlabbach and Karl-Heinz Rofalski , Power system engineering,Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008. John J. Grainger and William D. Stevenson, Jr., Power system analysis, McGraw-Hill, Inc,. Hadi Saadat, Power system analysis, McGraw-Hill Primis custom publishing. Since the subject covers wide topics, it is hard to recommend list of books covering the entire subject. Students are advised not to restrict themselves to the above mentioned text books but to refer books in the power system discipline to widen their knowledge in the subject.
Other resources UTSOnline provides a subject web site with notes in PDF format and links to on-line resources etc. Twenty four hour access to computer laboratories that have MATLAB will be given to the students. It is important for the students to visit http://online.uts.edu.au regularly as important course announcements, lecture notes, lab handouts and assignment sheets will be posted in UTSOnline.
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