Idea Transcript
PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF VETIVER GRASS (Vetiveria zizanioides) FOR WATER CONTAMINATED WITH SELECTED HEAVY METAL
By
ASHTON LIM SUELEE
A project report submitted to the Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Environmental Science and Technology
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
2015/2016
ABSTRACT PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF VETIVER GRASS (Vetiveria zizanioides) FOR WATER CONTAMINATED WITH SELECTED HEAVY METAL By ASHTON LIM SUELEE December 2015
Dr. Faradiella binti Mohd. Kusin Faculty of Environmental Studies
Malaysia is subjected to rapid urban development, in which is further exacerbated by growing human population, has resulted in surface water contamination. Phytoremediation technique by using Vetiver grass (VG) has been introduced since the past few decades worldwide but the study on its efficiency of uptake mechanism in water is yet to be explored. Hence, this study aimed to assess and evaluate the heavy metal removal efficiency (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn) based on the root length, varying concentration and the Vetiver density – Concentration and root lengths (Experiment 1), and Concentration and Vetiver density (Experiment 2), whereby the synthetic mixture were set based on the river concentration found in Malaysia – Low Concentration Treatment (LCT) and High Concentration Treatment (HCT), whereby water sampling and plant harvesting (only Experiment 1) were done at interval of 0, 24, 72, 120, 168 and 240 hours. Throughout the experiment, there were no major toxicity symptoms shown by the plants like necrosis, except for chlorosis, browning, and slight wilting due to malnutrition of macronutrients or over-excessive of heavy metal. The results have shown that there were statistically significant difference between heavy metal removal from water in Experiment 1 (pZn, same as heavy metal accumulation in roots for LCT but not HCT (Fe>Pb>Mn>Cu>Zn). For accumulation in shoot, the i
order was Pb>Fe>Mn>Cu> Zn.
It is suspected to be due to antagonistic or
synergistic effect of between Fe and Zn, Mn and Pb and Mn and Zn, hence there was a low uptake in Mn and Zn. Plant age, seasonal variation and climatic condition would be the factors that control the plant uptake. All the plants had BCF>1, which means that VG has tendency to accumulate heavy metal in the shoot, but most of the plants had TF Pb> Mn> Cu> Zn). Bagi pengumpulan dalam batang, susunan adalah Pb> Fe> Mn> Cu> Zn. Ia disyaki disebabkan oleh kesan bermusuhan atau sinergi antara Fe dan Zn, Mn dan Pb dan Mn dan Zn, oleh itu terdapat pengambilan yang rendah pada Mn dan Zn. Umur tumbuhan, variasi bermusim dan keadaan iklim yang akan menjadi faktor yang mengawal pengambilan logam berat. Semua tumbuh-tumbuhan mempunyai BCF> 1, yang bermaksud bahawa VG mempunyai kecenderungan untuk mengumpul logam berat dalam batang, tetapi kebanyakan tumbuh-tumbuhan mempunyai TF