War, peace and the sovereign state: political thought from Machiavelli [PDF]

PLAN DE COURS

WAR, PEACE AND THE SOVEREIGN STATE : POLITICAL THOUGHT FROM MACHIAVELLI TO KANT Professeur(s) : Ronan SHARKEY Année universitaire 2016/2017 : Semestre d’automne

SÉANCES ET PROGRAMME Session 1 : Machiavelli’s strategies  The ideological background: Aristotelianism and Stoicism  The Florentine context: the Medici, Savonarola and the Republic  Machiavelli the diplomat  Vice and virtù: Machiavelli’s subversion of humanist morality  Armies and mercenaries  Political leadership  Religion  Italy Reading: Machiavelli, The Prince; The Art of War; Skinner 1978 I, 1981; Black 2013 Session 2 : Machiavelli’s republicanism  The genesis of the Discourses  The use of Roman history  The parallels with the Prince  The aristocracy and the middle classes  Corruption and liberty  Machiavelli and modernity Reading: Machiavelli, Discourses on Livy ; Black 2013 Session 3 : Bodin and Grotius: sovereignty, rights and law  Bodin and legislative absolutism  Sovereign and magistrate  The impossibility of mixed government  Democracy and representation  Grotius: self-preservation and respect for others  Property

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Religion War and peace

Reading: Bodin, On Sovereignty; Franklin 1991; Tuck 2016, chapter 1; Grimm 2015, pp. 13-32; Grotius, On the Law of War and Peace; Tuck 1993, chapter 5; Tuck 1997; Tuck 1999, chapter 3

Session 4 : Hobbes I: context and method  Hobbes’s intellectual formation: from humanism to science  Selden and Gentili on law and war  The crisis of the Stuart monarchy  The “Democraticall” parliamentarians  The Engagement controversy  “Civil science” Reading: Hobbes, Leviathan, book I; Watkins 1973; Oakeshott 1975, chapter I; Skinner 1996; Skinner 2002 vol. III; Skinner 2007; Sommerville 1992; Hill 2001, chapter 9; Malcolm 2002, chapter 5

Session 5 : Hobbes II: philosophical anthropology  The human mechanism  The causal laws of thought  The redefinition of the virtues: prudence  The redefinition of the virtues: justice  The Right of Nature: human misery  The Laws of Nature: human salvation  Authority and authorisation  Human freedom and social freedom: Hobbes and Harrington Reading: Hobbes, Leviathan, books I-II; Warrender 1957; Oakeshott 1975; Watkins 1973; Springborg 2007; Skinner 2008; Hill 2001, chapter 10 Session 6 : Hobbes III: the state and states  The establishment of the state  The prerogatives of the state  Is the state the sovereign?  Religion and psychology  Religion and truth  Religion and violence  And end to faction and conflict?  Beyond the sovereign state Readings: Hobbes, Leviathan; De Cive; Behemoth; Malcolm 2002, chapter 13; Armitage 2013, chapter 4; Prokhovnik and Slomp 2011; Lloyd 2014, part III

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Session 7 : Pufendorf and Locke on human nature and society  Pufendorf on agency and duties  Pufendorf on contract and political authority  Pufendorf on war and peace  Locke: Calvinism, scepticism, science  Locke on toleration: from the Essays on the Law of Nature to the Epistola de tolerantia  Filmer, Bossuet and primogeniture  Property and the individual Reading: Pufendorf, On the Duty of Man and Citizen; Filmer, Patriarcha; Locke, Political Writings; Two Treatises of Government; Letter on Toleration; Dunn 1969a; Sommerville 1991; Tully 1980 Session 8 : Locke on law, legitimacy and consent  Explicit and tacit consent  The politics of trust  The constitution of government  The conditions of political authority  The right to rebellion and the removal of government  International law in Locke  Hume’s criticisms of the contract theory Readings: Locke, Second Treatise; Armitage 2013 chapters 5-7; Hume, Of the Original Contract; Dunn 1969 Session 9: Rousseau, The Discourse on the Origins of Inequality  Liberty and innocence  Property and inequality and corruption  Desire, self-love and amour propre  Civilization and Enlightenment  Was Rousseau opposed to progress? Readings: Rousseau, Discourse on the origin and foundations of inequality Session 10: Rousseau, The Social Contract  The problem of the contract  Slavery  The General Will  The paradox of political liberty  Sovereignty  International relations in Rousseau Readings: The Social Contract; Riley 2013; Shklar 1969

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PLAN DE COURS

Session 11: Rousseau and Kant on ethics and politics  Rousseau, virtue and authenticity: the genesis of Kant’s ethics  Enlightenment and independence  Man’s unsocial sociability  The will  Law  Evil in human nature  Freedom and rationality  The Categorical Imperative Readings: Kant, What is Enlightenment?; Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Point of View (both in Reiss, Political Writings); Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals; Riley 2013; O’Neill 1989, chapters 1-4 Session 12: Kant on politics, states and interstate relations  Law within and without states  Public right  Theory and practice  Perpetual peace  Is human nature improving? Readings: Kant, Political Writings, ed. Reiss; The Metaphysics of Morals, ed. Gregor; Perreau-Saussine 2010; Riley 2013

Bibliography Classical texts referred to in the lectures (in roughly chronological order)  MACHIAVELLI, The Prince, trans. Bondanella, intr. M. Viroli, Oxford World’s Classics, 2005 (or trans. Price, intr. Skinner, Cambridge, 1988; or ed. Wootton 1994) Discourses on Livy, ed. Bondanella, Oxford World’s Classics, 1997  Selected Political Writings, ed. and trans. D. Wootton, Hackett, 1994  BODIN, On Sovereignty, ed. Franklin, Cambridge, 1992  GROTIUS, On the Law of War and Peace, ed. Neff , Cambridge, 2012  HOBBES, De Cive, tr. Silverthorne, ed. Tuck, Cambridge, 1998  Leviathan (numerous editions)  HARRINGTON, The Commonwealth of Oceana and A System of Politics, ed. Pocock, Cambridge, 1992  PUFENDORF, On the Duty of Man and Citizen, ed. Tully, Cambridge, 1991  LOCKE, Two Treatises of Government, ed. Laslett, Cambridge, 1960  Political Writings, ed. Goldie, Cambridge, 1997  HUME, Of the Original Contract (http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~pa34/HUME.pdf)  ROUSSEAU, Social Contract and Discourses (numerous editions)

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KANT, Political Writings, ed. Reiss, 2nd ed., Cambridge, 1991 Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (various editions: Paton, Gregor, Wood, etc.) The Metaphysics of Morals, ed. Gregor and Sullivan, Cambridge, 1996 Secondary literature  ARMITAGE, David, Foundations of Modern International Thought, Cambridge, 2013  BEITZ, Charles R., Political Theory and International Relations, Princeton, 1999  BERLIN, Isaiah, “The Originality of Machiavelli” in Berlin, Against the Current, Oxford, 1981  BESSON, Samantha and TASIOULAS, John, eds., The Philosophy of International Law, Oxford, 2010  BLACK, Robert, Machiavelli, Routledge, 2013  BOCK, Gisela, SKINNER, Quentin and VIROLI, Maurizio, eds., Machiavelli and Republicanism, Cambridge, 1990  BRETT, Annabel, Liberty, Right and Nature, Cambridge, 1997  BROOKE, Christopher, Philosophic Pride: Stoicism and Political Thought from Lipsius to Rousseau, Princeton, 2012  BROWN, Keith C., ed., Hobbes Studies, Blackwell, 1965  BULL, Hedley, “The importance of Grotius in the study of International Relations” in Bull et al. 1990  BULL, Hedley, KINGSBURY, Benedict and ROBERTS, Adam, eds., Hugo Grotius and International Relations, Clarendon Press, 1990  BURKE, Peter, “Tacitism, scepticism and reason of state” in Burns and Goldie 1991  BURNS, J.H. and GOLDIE, Mark, eds., The Cambridge History of Modern Political Thought  DUMONT, Louis, From Mandeville to Marx. The Genesis and Triumph of Economic Ideology, Chicago, 1977  DUNN, John, The Political Thought of John Locke, Cambridge, 1969  The History of Political Theory and Other Essays, Cambridge, 1996  ELLIOTT, John H., Europe Divided 1559-1598, Fontana, 1968  ELTON, Geoffrey, Reformation Europe 1517-1555, Fontana, 1963  FLIKSCHUH, Katrin, Kant and Modern Political Philosophy, Cambridge, 2000  FRANKLIN, Julian H., “Sovereignty and the mixed constitution: Bodin and his critics” in Burns and Goldie 1991  GILBERT, Felix, Machiavelli and Guicciardini, Princeton, 1965  GOLDIE, Mark, “Absolutism” in Klosko 2011  GRAFTON, Anthony, “Humanism and political theory” in Burns and Goldie 1991  GRIMM, Dieter, Sovereignty: the origin and future of a political and legal concept, trans. Belinda Cooper, Columbia, 2015  HILL, Christopher, Puritanism and Revolution. Studies in Interpretation of the English Revolution of the 17th Century, Pimlico, 2001  KEENE, Edward, International Political Thought. A historical Introduction, Polity, 2005  KELLY, Duncan, ed., Lineages of Empire. The Historical Roots of British Imperial Thought, British Academy/Oxford, 2009

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The Propriety of Liberty: Persons, Passions, and Judgement in Modern Political Thought, Princeton, 2011  KINGSBURY, Benedict and STRAUMANN, Benjamin, “State of Nature versus Commercial Sociability as the Basis of International Law” in Besson and Tasioulas 2010  KLOSKO, George, ed., The Oxford Handbook of the History of Political Philosophy, Oxford, 2011  LLOYD, S.A., ed., Hobbes Today: insights for the 21st century, Cambridge, 2014  MACPHERSON, Crawford Brough, The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke, Oxford, 1962  MALCOLM, Noel, Aspects of Hobbes, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 2002  MANENT, Pierre, An Intellectual History of Liberalism, Princeton, 1995  MANSFIELD, Harvey C., Machiavelli’s Virtue, Chicago, 1988  MENDUS, Susan, ed., Justifying Toleration: conceptual and historical perspectives, Cambridge, 1988  NAJEMY, John M., ed., The Cambridge Companion to Machiavelli, Cambridge, 2010  OAKESHOTT, Michael, Hobbes on Civil Association, Blackwell, 1975  O’NEILL, Onora, Constructions of Reason. Explorations of Kant’s Practical Philosophy, Cambridge, 1989  PAGDEN, Anthony, ed., The Languages of Political Theory in Early-Modern Europe, Cambridge, 1987 , “Human Rights, Natural Rights and Europe’s Imperial Legacy”, Political Theory, vol. 31 n° 2, April 2003, pp. 171-199  PARKER, Geoffrey, Europe in Crisis, 1598-1648, Blackwell, 2001  PERREAU-SAUSSINE, Amanda, “Immanuel Kant on International Law” in Besson and Tasioulas 2010  PHILLIPSON, Nicholas and SKINNER, Quentin, eds., Political discourse in early modern Britain, Cambridge, 1993  PLAMENATZ, Machiavelli, Hobbes and Rousseau, ed. M. Philp and Z. Pelczynski, Oxford, 2012  POCOCK, J.G.A., The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition, Princeton, 1975

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