Idea Transcript
Hazzan Robert Menes
Weekday Shacharit Service I. Basics The service consists of the following basic elements: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix.
Birkhot HaShachar Pesukei d’Zimra Bar’chu Sh’ma Amidah Torah Service Concluding Prayers Aleinu Mourners Kaddish
In between these components are a few berakhot and kaddishes. •The service should not be long - generally 30-45 min. •The leader should wear a tallit and tefillin.
II. Chanting vs. Speaking •The service should be chanted according to the traditional “nusach”or melodies. The quality of the voice is not important, and the words take precedence over the melody. •The shacharit nusach, or melody, is not the same as the Shabbat nusach, but it is similar to the maariv nusach. •The leader need not say every word aloud. Most siddurim identify those verses which the leader, or “shalliach tzibbur”should say aloud. •Some texts may be read aloud in English, but all berakhot should be chanted aloud in Hebrew. •One person should lead the entire service, but it is possible for other individuals to read specific prayers or English texts. It is also possible to divide the leadership at “Yishtabach”.
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III. Shacharit Nusach The melody for the maariv service uses the “ahavah rabbah”mode, which means it generally sounds something like “hava nagila.”However, there are components which have their own, unique melody. Below is a roadmap for the major sections: Section
Chanting Text
birkhot hashachar
,m¨lFrd¨ K¤ln«¤ Epi«dŸ ¥ l¡` ¨ii§ dY¨ `© KEx¨A minor with motifs mFi oiA¥ oig¦ a§ d§ © l ,d¨pia¦ ie¦k§ V© ¤ l oz¨ © p xW£ ¤` ...:d¨li§«¨l oiaE ¥ miaFh ¦ mic¦ q£ ¨ g lnFB ¥ , ¨ii§ dY¨ `© KEx¨A ...:l`¥ x¨U¦ § i FOr§ ©l ,miai ¦ x£ ¦rnE © mini ¦ M¦ W§ n© Epg«§ p©` £ W¤ ,Epix«¥W§ `© :mFi l¨kA§ m¦in£ «© rR© mix¦nF` § e§ ,xw¤ Ÿa« e¨ ax«¤r¤ :c«g¨ `¤ | ¨ii§ ,EpidŸ ¥ l¡` | ¨ii§ ,l`¥ x¨U¦ § i | rn© W§ ,L«n¤ W§ iWi ¥ C¦ w§ n© lr© Ln§ W¦ z`¤ WC¥w© Lz¨ § rEWiaE ¦ ,L«n¨ ¤ lFrA§ Ln§ W¦ z`¤ WC¥w© e§ ,¨ii§ dY¨ `© KEx¨A :Epi«¥px§w© Di« © A¦ b§ z© e§ mix¦Y¨ :miA¦ x¨ ©A Ln§ W¦ z`¤ WC¥w© n§
study texts
idŸ ¥ l`¥e Epi«dŸ ¥ l¡` ¨ii§ Ki«¤pt¨ l§ n¦ oFvx¨ id§ ¦ i English, then magen avot dx¨d¥ n§ A¦ WC¨w§ n¦ d© ziA¥ d¤pA¨ i¦ W¤ Epi«zFa£ ¥ ` mW¨ e§ .Li«z¤ xFz ¨ A§ Epiw§ «¥ lg¤ oz¥ e§ ,Epi«n¨ ¥ iA§ mi¦pW¨ kE § ,m¨lFr ini ¥ M¦ d`¨ x¦§iA§ Lc¨ § a£rp© :zFI¦pFnc§ w©
kaddish d’rabbanan Ps. 30
not sung iT¦ U© Y¨ g«© § YR¦ ,i¦l lFgn§ ¨ l ic¦ R§ q§ n¦ Y¨ k«§ t© d¨ minor with motifs cFa¨k Lx§O© ¤ fi§ or«© © n§l :dg¨ n§ U¦ i¦px«¥G§ `© Y© §e :‚cF` ¤ m¨lFr§l idŸ © l¡` ¨ii§ ,mŸCi¦ `Ÿle§
Mourners kaddish Pesukei d’zimra
Yishtabach
not sung ...m¨lFrd¨ d¨id¨ e§ xn© `¨ W¤ KEx¨A minor with motifs mFIA© ,ux«¤`¨ d¨ l¨M lr© K¤ln§ «¤ l ¨ii§ d¨id¨ e§ :cg¨ `¤ FnWE § cg¨ `¤ ¨ii§ d¤id¦ § i `Edd© .m¨lFr cr© e§ dY¨ r© n¥ zF`cFd ¨ e§ zŸekx¨A§ ahava-rabbah lFc¨B K¤ln«¤ l`¥ ,¨ii§ dY¨ `© KEx¨A oFc£` ,zF`cFd ¨ d© l`¥ ,zFg¨AW§ Y¦ A© ,K¤ln«¤ ,dx¨n§ f¦ ixi¥ W¦ A§ xgFA ¥ d© ,zF`¨lt¦ § Pd© .min¨ ¦ lFrd¨ ig¥ ,l`¥
Chatsi Kaddish Bar’chu
Melody
ahava-rabbah :KxFa ¨ n§ d© ¨ii§ z`¤ Ekx¨ §A KxFa ¨ n§ d© ¨ii§ KEx¨A :cr¨ ¤ e m¨lFr§l
:o¨fg© ahava-rabbah :o¨fg© e§ ld¨ w¨
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Section
Chanting Text
Melody
1st berakha before sh’ma
,m¨lFrd¨ K¤ln«¤ Epi«dŸ ¥ l¡` ,¨ii§ dY¨ `© KEx¨A ahava-rabbah mFlW¨ dUŸ ¤ r ,Ky¤ Ÿg« `xFaE ¥ ,xF` x¥vFi ...:lŸMd© z`¤ `xFaE ¥ Ep«¨Nkª d¤Mf¦§ pe§ xi`¦ Y¨ oFIv¦ lr© Wc¨g¨ xF` x¥vFi ¨ii§ dY¨ `© KEx¨A :FxF`§l dx¨d¥ n§ :zFxF`O§ d©
2nd berakha before sh’ma
l`¥ x¨U¦ § i FOr© A§ xgFA ¥ d© ,¨ii§ dY¨ `© KEx¨A ahava-rabbah but end in major .d¨ad£ `© A§
Sh’ma
:c«g¨ `¤ | ¨ii§ ,EpidŸ ¥ l¡` | ¨ii§ ,l`¥ x¨U¦ § i | rn© W§ special melody; next line silent
V’ahavta
,La«§ a¨ l§ -l¨kA§ ,LidŸ ¤ l¡` | ¨ii§ z`¥ Y¨ a§ d© `¨ e§ Torah trope or silent ....LcŸ «¤`n-l¨ § kaE § ,LW§ t© § p-l¨kaE §
End of Sh’ma 1st berakha after sh’ma
Amidah
Tachanun Chatsi Kaddish Mi Shebeirach, Eil Malei... Ashrei, Ps. 20, Uva L’tzion Kaddish Shalem Aleinu Mourners Kaddish Shir shel yom Mourners Kaddish
zn¡ ¤ ` :m¤kidŸ ¥ l¡` | ¨ii§ ahavah-rabbah .KxFa ¨ nE § `Ed KEx¨A ,oFi§lr¤ l`§ ¥ l zFNd¦ Y§ ahava-rabbah dxi¨ W¦ Ep¨r L§l l`¥ x¨U¦ § i i¥paE § dWŸ ¤n :m¨Nkª Exn§ `¨ e§ d¨Ax© dg¨ n§ U¦ A§ xC¨`¤ § p d¨kŸn¨ « k in¦ ,¨ii§ m¦l`¨ ¥ A d¨kŸn¨ « k in¦ .`¤lt«¤ dUŸ ¥ r« zŸNd¦ z§ `xFp ¨ ,Wc¤ŸT« A© lr© Ln§ W§ ¦ l mi¦lE`b§ EgA§ W¦ dW¨ c£ ¨g dxi¨ W¦ Eki«¦ln§ d¦ e§ EcFd m¨NMª cg«© ©i ,m¨Id© zt© U§ :Exn§ `¨ e§ :cr¨ ¤ e m¨lFr§l KŸln¦ § i ¨ii§ ,l`¥ x¨U¦ § i zx©f§ r¤ A§ dnE ¨ w« ,l`¥ x¨U¦ § i xEv ¨ii§ Ep«¥l` £ ŸB .l`¥ x¨U¦ § ie§ dcEd§ ¨ i L«n¤ `§ ªpk¦ dc¥tE § KEx¨A .l`¥ x¨U¦ § i WFcw§ ,FnW§ zF`¨av§ :l`¥ x¨U¦ § i l`¨ © B ¨ii§ dY¨ `© ,Epi«zFa£ ¥ ` idŸ ¥ l`¥e Epi«dŸ ¥ l¡` ¨ii§ dY¨ `© KEx¨A pentatonic ...,wg¨ v¦ § i idŸ ¥ l¡` ,md¨ x§¨a§ `© idŸ ¥ l¡` WFcT¨ d© l`¥ d¨ ,¨ii§ dY¨ `© KEx¨A silent ...WC©w© z¦ § ie§ lC© ©Bz¦ § i minor spoken or chanted ...L«zi ¤ a¥ ia¥ WFi § ix¥W§ `© minor ..WC©w© z¦ § ie§ lC© ©Bz¦ § i minor or major ...lŸMd© oFc£`©l g« © A¥ W§ © l Epi«¥lr¨ Special melody ...WC©w© z¦ § ie§ lC© ©Bz¦ § i Say it aloud with mourners (choice) chant ending verse in minor ..WC©w© z¦ § ie§ lC© ©Bz¦ § i say it aloud with mourners
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IV: Resources
The sound files for the shacharit service can be downloaded from:
http://www.bethshalomkc.info/hazzan/services/weekday/
For commentary on the Weekday Service, see Or Hadash, by Reuven Hammer, Rabbinical Assembly, NY, 2008.
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V. A Simpler Chart
Section
Subsection
Birkhot HaShachar
Melody generally minor
Mah Tovu
optional
morning blessings
minor
gomel chasadim
minor
sh’ma
minor
m’kadesh et shimcha
minor
rabbinic texts
spoken
y’hi ratzon
minor
kaddish d’rabbanan
spoken
ps. 30
minor
mourners kaddish
spoken
Pesukei d’Zimra
generally minor baruch she’amar
minor (not like Shabbat)
yachid chei...
minor
all psalms
minor
ashrei
minor
ps. 146-149
minor
ps. 150
conclude with song
David’s Prayer
minor
shirat hayam
song
ki l’Adonai ham’lucha...
conclude in ahava rabbah
Yishtabach
ahava rabbah
Chatsi Kaddish
ahava rabbah
K’riat Sh’ma
generally ahava rabbah Bar’chu
ahava rabbah
yotzer ham’orot
ahava rabbah
ahava rabbah...habocher
ahava rabbah, end in major
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Section
Subsection
Melody
Sh’ma
major or ahava rabbah
V’ahavta
trope, then silent
Adonai Eloheichem...
ahava rabbah
l’dor vador
ahava rabbah
t’hilot l’Eil elyon...
ahava rabbah
tzur Yisrael...
song
ga’al Yisrael
ahava rabbah
Amidah
generally pentatonic Avot
pentatonic
Kedusha
pentatonic
remainder of Amidah...
pentatonic or silent
Tachanun
silent
Chatsi Kaddish
minor
Mi Shebeirach for cholim
minor
Eil Malei
ahava rabbah
Concluding Prayers
generally minor Ashrei
minor
ps. 20 (lamnatzeach)
minor
Uva l’Tzion
minor
Kaddish Shalem
minor or major
Aleinu
song, then silent
Mourners Kaddish
spoken
Shir shel Yom
minor
Mourners Kaddish
spoken
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