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WORLD WAR 2 abegael358810
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Presentation Transcript Ikalawang digmaang daigdig:Ikalawang digmaang daigdig Ikalawang digmaan pandagdig:Ikalawang digmaan pandagdig ang Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig ay isang pandaigdigang labanan na nagsimula noong ika-7 ng Hulyo 1937 sa Asya at unang araw ng Setyembre 1939 sa Europa . Natapos ito hanggang 1945, at nasangkot ang karamihan ng mga bansa sa daigdig at bawat kontinente na may naninirahan. Tinuturing ito na pinakamalawak, pinakamahal at pinakamadugong labanan sa kasaysayan ng sangkatauhan. Maaalalang ang mga bansang lumahok sa digmaan ay nagbuhos ng napakaraming pwersang militar upang lupigin ang bawat kalaban . FATMAN: the atomic bomb:FATMAN: the atomic bomb " Fat Man " was the codename for the type of atomic bomb that was detonated over the Japanese city of Nagasaki by the United States on 9 August 1945. It was the second of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in warfare , the first being Little Boy , and its detonation marked the third ever man-made nuclear explosion in history. It was built by scientists and engineers at Los Alamos Laboratory using plutonium from the Hanford Site and dropped from the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Bockscar . For the Fat Man mission, Bockscar was piloted by Major Charles W. Sweeney . The name Fat Man refers generically to the early design of the bomb, because it had a wide, round shape. It was also known as the Mark III. Fat Man was an implosiontype nuclear weapon with a plutonium core . The first of that type to be detonated was the Gadget , in the Trinity nuclear test , less than a month earlier on 16 July at the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range in New Mexico. Two more Fat Man bombs were detonated during the Operation "Crossroads" nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll in 1946. Some 120 Fat Man units were produced between 1947 and 1949, when it was superseded by the Mark 4 nuclear bomb . The Fat Man was retired in 1950. Slide 15:FatmanSlide 16:Bockscar lifted off at 03:47 on the morning of 9 August 1945, with Kokura as the primary target and Nagasaki the secondary target. Sweeney then proceeded to the alternative target, Nagasaki. It too was obscured by cloud, and Ashworth ordered Sweeney to make a radar approach. At the last minute, the bombardier, [41] Captain Kermit K. Beahan , [40] found a hole in the clouds. The Fat Man was dropped, and following a 43-second duration free fall, exploded at 11:02 local time, at an altitude of about 1,650 feet (500 m). [41] Because of poor visibility due to cloud cover, the bomb missed its intended detonation point by almost two miles, and damage was somewhat less extensive than that in Hiroshima . Slide 17:Effects of the Fat Man's detonation on Nagasaki LITTLE BOY:atomic bomb:LITTLE BOY:atomic bomb Little Boy" was the codename for the type of atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay , piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. , commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces . It was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare . The Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history, after the Trinity test , and the first uranium -based detonation. It exploded with an energy of approximately 15 kilotons of TNT (63 TJ). The bomb caused significant destruction to the city of Hiroshima. Little Boy was developed by Lieutenant Commander Francis Birch 's group of Captain William S. Parsons 's Ordnance (O) Division at the Manhattan Project 's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II . Parsons flew on the Hiroshima mission as weaponeer. The Little Boy was a development of the unsuccessful Thin Man nuclear bomb . Like Thin Man, it was a gun-type fission weapon , but derived its explosive power from the nuclear fission of uranium-235 . This was accomplished by shooting a hollow cylinder of enriched uranium (the "bullet") onto a solid cylinder of the same material (the "target") by means of a charge of nitrocellulose propellant powder. It contained 64 kg (141 lb) of enriched uranium, of which less than a kilogram underwent nuclear fission. Its components were fabricated at three different plants so that no one would have a copy of the complete design. After the war ended, it was not expected that the inefficient Little Boy design would ever again be required, and many plans and diagrams were destroyed, but by mid-1946 the Hanford Site reactors were suffering badly from the Wigner effect , so six Little Boy assemblies were produced at Sandia Base . The Navy Bureau of Ordnance built another 25 Little Boy assemblies in 1947 for use by the Lockheed P2V Neptune nuclear strike aircraft (which could be launched from but not land on the Midway-class aircraft carriers ). All the Little Boy units were withdrawn from service by the end of January 1951. Slide 19:LITTLE BOY Slide 20:The mushroom cloud over Hiroshima after the dropping of Little Boy BOMBING IN HIROSHIMA:BOMBING IN HIROSHIMA The bomb was dropped at approximately 08:15 (JST) 6 August 1945. After falling for 44.4 seconds, the time and barometric triggers started the firing mechanism. The detonation happened at an altitude of 1,968 ± 50 feet (600 ± 15 m). It was less powerful than the Fat Man, which was dropped on Nagasaki , but the damage and the number of victims at Hiroshima were much higher , as Hiroshima was on flat terrain, while the hypocenter of Nagasaki lay in a small valley. According to figures published in 1945, 66,000 people were killed as a direct result of the Hiroshima blast, and 69,000 were injured to varying degrees. [31] Of those deaths, 20,000 were members of the Imperial Japanese Army . [32] The exact measurement of the yield was problematic, since the weapon had never been tested. President Harry S. Truman officially announced that the yield was 20 kilotons of TNT (84 TJ). This was based on Parsons's visual assessment that the blast was greater than what he had seen at the Trinity nuclear test. Since that had been estimated at 18 kilotons of TNT (75 TJ), speech writers rounded up to 20 kilotons. Further discussion was then suppressed, for fear of lessening the impact of the bomb on the Japanese. Data had been collected by Luis Alvarez , Harold Agnew and Lawrence H. Johnston on the instrument plane, The Great Artiste , but this was not used to calculate the yield at the time. [33] After hostilities ended, a survey team from the Manhattan Project that included William Penney , Robert Serber and George T. Reynolds was sent to Hiroshima to evaluate the effects of the blast. From evaluating the effects on objects and structures, Penney concluded that the yield was 12 ± 1 kilotons. [34] Later calculations based on charring pointed to a yield of 13 to 14 kilotons. [35] In 1953, Frederick Reines calculated the yield as 13 kilotons. [33] This figure became the official yield. [36] Slide 22:Paikot mula sa kanang taas: mga sundalong Tsino sa Labanan sa Wuhan, mga kanyon ng mga Briton at Awstralyano sa panahon ng Unang Labanan sa Al-Alamayn sa Ehipto 1943, mga eruplanong pambomba ng Alemanya sa Silangang Teatro (taglamig 1943-1944), hukbong pandagat ng Estados Unidos sa Golpo ng Lingayen , paglalagda ni Wilhelm Keitel sa Kasulatan ng Pagsuko ng Alemanya, mga sundalong Sobyet sa Labanan sa Stalingrad Mga dahilansa pagsiklab ng ikalawang digmaang pandaigdig::Mga dahilansa pagsiklab ng ikalawang digmaang pandaigdig: Ang Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig ay nagtapos sa pagkatalo ng Alemanya at ng kanyang mga kaalyado noong 1918. Nabago ang mapa ng Europa , at bilang resulta nito, nagsipagsulutan ang mga bagong bansa, kasama na ang bagong nabuong Republika ng Weimar na kumakatawan sa nasabing bansa, dulot nito. Naniwala ang mga Aleman na sila ay hindi makatarungang sinisi sa digmaan; sila ay ginamit bilang pambayad ng pera sa Britanya at Pransiya na nagwagi sa digmaan. Binigyan ang naunang nasabing bansa ng mga pagbabawal at sangksyon, kabilang na rito ang Kasunduan sa Versailles na nagbabawal sa bansa na magsanay ng hukbong katihan na umabot sa mahigit sa sandaang libong kawal, para maiwas ang karagdagang gulo sa Europa at upang hindi na maulit ang pagkawasak at kapighatiang dulot ng nasabing digmaan Pagbabago sa mga bansa:Pagbabago sa mga bansa Naglunsad si Adolf Hitler ng isang himagsikan noong 1923 sa lungsod ng Munich sa Alemanya kasama ng kanyang mga kapartidong Nazi upang tangkaing ipalawak ang kanilang kapangyarihan. Pero ang himagsikang ito ay pumalpak, at marami sa kanyang mga kasamahan ay nabihag ng mga awtoridad. Aabutin ang partido ng sampung taon bago sila ang magiging pinuno ng bansa. Pagkatapos ng mga tagumpay laban sa iba't ibang imperyo kamakailan bago at pagkatapos ng digmaan, naramdaman ng mga Hapon ang ginigiit nilang karapatang magpalawak ng kanilang kapangyarihan sa Asya. Sinimulan nila ito, noong taong 1931, sa pamamagitan ng paglusob ng Manchuria na sakop ng Tsina noon. Sapagkat nasa digmaang sibil ang bansa roon, mga nasyunalistang Kuomintang na lumalaban sa mga Komunista na dati nilang kapanalig, lubos na mahina ang Tsina upang ipagtanggol nito ang mga teritoryong sakop nito; ang kinalabasan ay ang mabilisang pagkaagaw ng mga territoryo sa kamay ng mga Hapon. Nang malaman ito ng League of Nations at kinondena pagkatapos, umalis ang Hapon sa samahan at pinalawak nito ang imperyo sa iba't ibang ibayo ng Tsina. Simula ng pananakop:Simula ng pananakop Idinagdag ni Adolf Hitler sa Alemanyang Nazi ang mga bahagi ng Awstriya at Sudetenland , isang lugar na pinamumugaran ng mga Tseka . Nakipagsunduan rin siya sa pinuno ng Unyong Sobyet na si Joseph Stalin para magtulungan at di magdeklara ng digmaan sa bawat isa. Madaling sinakop ng Alemanya ang Polonya , sa tulong ng Unyong Sobyet noong 1 Setyembre 1939, dahilan upang magdeklara ng digmaan ang Britanya at Pransiya sa unang nabanggit; dalawang araw ang makalipas ay opisyal nang nagsimula ang digmaan. Gumagamit ang mga heneral ng Alemanya ng taktikang blitzkrieg o digmaang kidlat na malugod na ginagamitan ng bilis ng paglusob ng mga iba't ibang yunit ng Wehrmacht, ang hukbong katihan ng Alemanya noong panahong yaon. Ang Dinamarka , Noruwega , Belhika , Olanda , at Pransiya ay mabilis na napabagsak ng blitzkrieg , habang dumadanas ng mga maliliit na mga kawalan sa tauhan at materyales. Sa kabila ng pagkawala ng Pransiya sa kamay ng mga Aleman, tanging ang bansang Britanya na lang ang nanatiling malaya at kung saan ay nasa digmaan pa laban sa kanila. Gusto ni Hitler na wasakin muna ang hukbong panghimpapawid ng Britanya bago sakupin ang bansa. Noong 12 Agosto 1940, binomba ng Alemanya ang katimugang baybayin ng Inglatera . Pinagsamasama ni Punong Ministro Winston Churchill ang kanyang hukbo para lumaban. Ang mga Briton ay tinulungan ng lihim na imbensiyon, ang radar , na ginamit para malaman kung may hukbong panghimpapawid papunta sa bansa, at sa tulong nito natablahan ng mga eroplanong panlaban ng bansa ang mga napakaraming eroplanong pambomba at panlaban ng Alemanya. Ipinatigil ni Hitler ang panghimpapawid na pananakop sa Britanya sanhi ng malaking kawalan sa mga eroplano, at hindi nasakop ng Alemanya ang pulo bilang kinalabasan Pagkawagi ng alyado:Pagkawagi ng alyado Noong ika-6 ng Hunyo 1944, naglunsad ang mga sundalong Amerikano, Briton at Kanadyano ng pagsakalay sa mga baybaying-dagat ng Normandy, Pransiya na sakop noon ng mga sundalong Aleman. Ito ay bahagi ng operasyong itinawag na D-Day na siyang pinakamalaking paglusob mula dagat sa kasaysayan; mahigit 175,000 Alyadong sundalo ang lumapag sa mga baybaying-dagat ng Normandy sa mga unang araw nito, at lumagpas sa mahigit sa isang milyon pagkatapos ng ilang araw. Makalipas ang mga ilang buwan, sa tulong ng mga Pranses, matagumpay na napalaya ng hukbong Alyado ang Pransya. Makalipas ang ilang buwan, nagsagawa ang mga Aleman ng isang paglusob laban sa mga hukbong Alyado sa mga kagubatan ng Ardennes, subalit pumalya ito at dahil nito ay halos matalo na ang bansa sa digmaan. Noong 16 Abril 1945, pumasok ang Hukbong Pula ng Unyong Sobyet sa lungsod ng Berlin , ang kabisera ng Nasyunalistang Alemanya , at nilabanan nito ang mga kahuli-hulihang mga yunit ng mga sundalong Aleman. Nawasak ang kabiserang lungsod at may hihigit sa 700,000 sundalong Aleman at mga sibilyan ang namatay, nasugatan at nabihag sa kamay ng mga Sobyet. Noong 8 Mayo 1945, sumuko ang Alemanya at nagwagi ang mga puwersang Alyado at ang Unyong Sobyet sa digmaan. Slide 27:Sina Joseph Stalin ng Unyong Sobyet, Franklin Roosevelt ng Estados Unidos, at Winston Churchill ng Britanya, sa pagpupulong sa Tehran , Iran , taong 1943. Slide 28:Watawat ng Alemanyang Nazi THANK YOU FOR WATCHING!!!!!!!!!!!:THANK YOU FOR WATCHING!!!!!!!!!!! PRESENTED BY: ABEGAEL F. ORBON 8- AVICENNA
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